EDUCATION IN PEIPING IN PAST

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200170028-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 23, 2012
• Sequence Number: 28
• Publication Date: August 15, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
Igo r~ C~~ a. na i,~7ci n~;b 1.y by
~cn~; 'Cu~cha.c~r~, 1'ca..pin~~
~.~ fti'i~.r ~-`~5n
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
STAT::
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
~~sr~~cr~u
i'I~UC~~~ TO1~ ~N ~~K ~N~ ~N P~~~' ~~
(~~'v~~:c~~~ on ~. 1~`abxua~r ;?~ror l~ol~~,n~ ~?o~~e ~ ~ Y~~vat~a aM~~.n~
W~-~~ ' ~,ii~c~~ ~1 ~,~~~~p~~~' ~:a~~~M~n~~~~r,~
~~~~;~.~an b ' ~ `~'u,w~a, hr'~cl v~' 1'~1G~r~ ~'~ ~`duca~~.on ~uxe~+u)
~'
~n ~Y~~ p~~~~ J~~k~.n~ wa;~ the aani~~r v~' reac~~a~lax{y xe~~.me~;.
~,~a reua.d~n~s, ~;nc~.ucl~.n~ ~Ya~ ':~n?~a~l:l~?n~r~e~,a, h~cY' 1.ox~~ beon e~po~cd
?~o 'Lhc~ cu].?~ux~a~. '~x~~v~.xonman~ a,~~d ~"abx~.c~,?~~d px~o~~~~nd~, A~ :i~p~x'ia~.~ .
~'~ ,
~,5m, ~'euda~.i.~~, and lauraaucra~ic caa,p~.~,a~.~.~m. ~~aw, ho~revex~, Pe1t.~1~
ha,s became ?~he bir'~hp~.a,ce of a, new cu~.?~ure; ~hc, broad raa~ee~ and
?~lle reva~.u'~:~ona~~y ~n'~e~.~~.~;en'~ga.a ?~hc~rs po~~~es a reva~.u?~icma,r~'
~;x~a,d~.'~~.on chaxa,c~~ax~.~,ed by hera~.c s~ru~;~~,es, ~~.ncc .?~ki~ ~.ib~r~?~~.c~n,
axed' under ~rY~~: ~.c~,dersh~.p o:~' ?~h~ Gh:,rzese Comiiit~n~.5~ ~'aa^~~y ar~d C~Ya~.rA
man ~~a ~tind`~'a1,~.a~r.~.n~ ~h~ ~~~d af' the warkex~ :.and peasants,
~ f
Y'Fka,xa~ i ~ educat~.ana~ warlcers ~~nd a.r~'te~.1~.~t~n'twa,a .:have en~;a,~cd ~,n ?the
s'tru~E;1e ~a ~~pe aut ?thr; :E'c~uda~. xemna~~~~ in aelioo1.a aa~d 'ta bua.lcl up
Gti ne~~ ~u~'tura,~. en~~rprs.s~ under ?th~; new peap~,e~ ~ demacx~ac~~ 'I'hrr~ugh
~hc e;xce~.~.en't eaord9.nat~on aman~ various or~a~~i~a~~ana mc~n~' ch~~.nges
af' ~re~'t si~n~'a.c~cnce occux~rcd a.n ~el~in~'s educa~~.nr~a,L a,c~.vi~t~?es
d~ax^xn~; the past ~'~~~o ~:he,~e chan~E~w cons~.;~?~ a~' ?~,hc ~o~.~.aw~.n~; ?thrc;a
aup~c?t~:
~'zra~9 the peop~.e! u ~overnari~n~ -has ?~a,l~en aver and, car~`~.ed
~~
~, out px~e~.~arl:~nax~ re~'a~ms in ?the schan~.s ~'ox~ra~r~,y can'tra~.~.~d b~ the
:~euc~iunax~' Kuemin'ta~a~r
c~.~
~'he ~a~rernmen~ his ~tal~en aver .?~hc pubJ.~.c primaxy snd
ini~~crrrled?ia~c schaa~.d rcc~~~~ni~ad or s~mp~~~':~ed ~he~ cariip~.~~a bury
e~,ucra,~.~.c ac~n~.n~,~?tra~~.ve s'~ruc?~u,re~ ?th~ ~'a~mcr `i'acu~.~~, disc~.;~~,~.re,
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
STAT ~:,~: ; ~t~'`
f r ~ `~ p--
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
~ESTRIC~6D
a~~era~, ac~m~n:~~~~c~;~~pn~ a,nd phy~:~aa~,'adu~~+'~;~or~ d~~s~,Gn, wcxa camM
~ ~,hd d:l:sc~, ~a.ne d~.V~.~~,an~ aid a ~~ner~,~ ~dm~.n~
~al~ad ~ntc~ a f ~.eu~ ,y' 1~
~~on ~z~aa`~~d ~, clamacxa't:i~c adrn~.r~~:~~xr~~~vv S~Nt
~.a'~x ~,~'i .pan. - d~v~, / ~
` , a~~.~,t bQ~~~ con~~n~x~~,~Gd, ~n ~~~ px~,nc~.~a~.~ ado
w~.th chef xe~~ansit ~' ~
~.n a s~~m fax 'l,ha ~~dm~,n~,s~Gxa~~~.on of school.
ted a, pub.~.Gc aucl,~t ~ y
. ~ out 'the da.ctr~'~ax~k~~.p and Goxxu~`~,~pn ;f.nl~,ox~.ted
f ~,nancc-~ and w~,pcd
,,
Exam the ;~oxra?x rc~:fxnC~
2 '~'hca ~;ovexnmon~r, has c~ea~~ed a? new sys~,eTn ~w~harc;by a aha.ef
~)
~, ~ e ck~ ~~rx~~,de wi~.~ be ~.r~ cha,r~c of ~;ener~ti~. ?an~~'~xuci~a.an a.a
te~.ehex ate a ~
a~, d~sc'~. ~.:~z~e thu; avcrcorn i.n~~; tl~e :l.a.cl~ of uupcrVa.s~.an
~weaa as scho p_ ~
C ox~dex~. `J.'k~e ~~oVGrnme~t ads a , asp ;~s1~c:d i~he o~tud~n'~s in
and: ~~b~cnc~: of ~
' ~ ~ un;La .,rau s and student aaaemb~.~.c~ thx~ou~h wh~.ch
ar~ana.~~.n~ study a ~ p
tk~ey c cup develop a sound a,t't~.tud,e ~.n s Ludy o
'~~~e ~~o~rcxntnent hau ,aba~~a.s1~E,d alb. tk~e xea.~'l?~:~onary couxses~.
~3) a
' ~ nd the bo scav.t 'tx~~~,in~.zx~ ~n a.ntc~~n~cd~.a'~c sck~aal~
sorb ~~,s c~.va.c~ a y
and locate, a.d~n~.n~.stx~~tit~.or~, ~.oca~. autonomous ~avE,rnmenta e~;c. ~.n teach
exa coll.e~es. 4r~ 'the othcx hand, couxs~s in poa,~.~Gical tl~eoxy axe
., .a ?~;~, schools k~aurs ~'a~^ the {'ngl~.sh la.r~ua~e _a.r~e reclucecl,
adde d. t a ~
and 'the l~ussa,an la,zi~u~,~E ~.s added to ~~ h~ curr, icu~,ati
'~ex~~booko have begin ~am,prav~d in can~~ent. ~'~ox ~,n~er~
m~d~.at~ schools new ~e~tboaks (adated bar the ~e~artm~nt of ~duca~-
~~~,an of '~hG l~or~h ~h~.na, People' w Govexnment) do po~.~.tiGa~. sc~,enc~,
~Ch;~.nr.;se J.~.texatt~~~ end h~.~tary~ h~.v~ r~p~,a,c~d a~,l the old ones exM
ce t thaw o~, natuxa,~. sc~,enc~. ~'h~se new te:~tboaks arc caritinuc~us~
p
~. b~~. ., xe~s~d o~ rewxi~ten- Px~ama~r scl~aols hake ttda~~ted tl~,e new
~' '
te~'~bor~ks an all su~~ecte com~:l.~.eck by 'the '~apa:c''~man~ of l~~duca~a.an of
e l~or'Lk~ Cha.na. Pen~le's Government. "1'he ~ep~,xtm.ent of +'duca'L?~,on af'
th
F~ESTf~1CTE~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
a a.~~ ~ ovvx~~~~r~~ h~~ ~,~~~ pa~'~~d end ~~u~l~~hed
ohs ~d~x~~h ch,l,na ~'~ ~
on a~~:1,'G1~~c~'~~c, ou~~~..~Q~ p~ h~~~a~y' 'fox{
~ac~~r ~u~~laman~axy' ~Q~.~boa~~
.a ~ ~ na'~~~ ?~o ~v~~~ca1~~ on ~k~~.r~c~~~ ~l.~~c~~:~~~~
~~, ~,c hex ~ ~ anal
,~ new i~aac~,~.ng ma~hod~ ~o rep~.aCp ~ha .
~~) ~n axder ~a de~,,~
eor i'xQm xaa~.~~~', ~Q px~~rn~xy ~chvo~..~
a~.d c~nG~, yTln~.ch se~aa~a~ad th y
.. ~ ~ ?' ra rT~m~ a~n ~riz~c~i ~;haxe w~~a 8~
sponsoxed ~ea,ch~.x~g ob~crv'~~.~an p ?~
~~? ~~ ~.n ~eachcx~ao ~?~~x ~~u~ua~. and.. eQ~'M
demone~-ra.?~or~ and 2,7.9 _~,~tGec7~d ~',
. ~ ~ tided ;fin cQxroct~n~; '~r~e ~'oxmer '~a~tch.~
ara.~,a.ca,sm, ?teacher~ have succe
' ac~erized by put~~~.ng ~,ap much e~npk~a~ ~s on ~ecY~-
~.ng techn~.gue char
~' ~?Le d off' the~re~a.cal a?~?~i?~ude, an ~ub~ect~i'v'e ~udgemen~
n:~que a.~.~ a
va.e o ~n~~ o:C the students, on ~.a.~'c~.eaa
~.nste o.a o~ 1,he ab J ect~.v ~
pr. eacln~.ng ~.ns~Lead off' ~.nspa.rin~' ?~.na~ructiano
,:, ubsa.d~.~~ed' pr~.v~~Le a.n~exmeda.ate ~chaals
(6) lho gaver~m~cnt s
a rc~ss ~,n schoa:l. re:~arm bu~~ puna.shed 'the
~r1i:LC~~ .made r~mar'l~able pr ~
. ?o~.s such au the ~,h-~htc~ng Schoal, i~he
react~.ana,x~y '~.ntexmed~.ate schu
r ~'~?.~.~.a?Led wi~~~~~, ?~he Ce~.?~x~~l Unx,vexsz.?~y', ~h~
~,ntern'ted~.ato ~~choa~. a
~~ ,, Schao:l. the ~iu~i..',.'iu~g Schaaf,, ?~~~ie, r~'a,~~h~ung ~chao~, aand
~. a. hung ~ ,~
.
'thc. e~ '~~a~ Schoal, by ~a~~axl~; over '~hc cchval adma,r~i~'~x~a,~~.an,
. ~ ~ c~~her sGhoo~.s or d~,~solva.ng ~~hcmo ~'a prac~ed
met g~.ng thin 7.nto
Y ~ ~ ~~,ari the ~ ducG,'~~.on ~ure;a,~. o:C Pelta.ng prornu~.M
~~a.~h aak~~o1. ~eorgan~. a ,
~~~ ~.;~7.aria:l, k~~u:l.r~?~a.azia an Cant~'ca~,~.~.ng ~x~:~v~,t~ ~'ra.~ar~'
gated the ~ av g
~~ ~ haa~.s and the ~?rova.S~.anal ~,egulat~.ons Gavernin~
a,nd ~ntc,.crned.~~.~e we
n:E ?~he 13aa~rd o:~" '~'x'u~,~~,eCS far ~'r~.v~,te ~'x~~ma:~~ ~ncl
?~hc Or g an~.~ at;~ on.
Mi.d.d~.~ Schoa~.s ~"
Second, the gov~~~'nmant his ~onduG~cd ~ pa~.~.t~,c~,~ rea.ndac~w
~ ~ar~; -~he,:ta~,che~^s ~ ~~~, ~~he ta~m~; ~~h~ g'av~rnmen~
~~~.na?~n.an p~o~,r~ra ~ g
.~ ~ e schao;J.s earn the Former rag~ma, many` schaa~.?~~ach,e~s
taak a~rcr ~h
REST RIG'S ~.~
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
~,nd~ ~~-ud~n~~ wcaxQ v~xy~ ~u~~J~c~,a~.~ ~~' ~h~ Gomr~~uni~~ Y'~x~y end ~h~
~ sn~ -rand r~~,~undc~x~~aad ~~h~ ~r~a~,~,~-~,an~ ~~~wc~e~~a Cl~~.~~a-
k'?o~~.~ , ~ ~QVaxnm
. U a,ar~ end ~ha ~~xa,~n ~~~"urm; ~'or~ ~l~ey hcd dean ion
~d ~~~~t n
? ~ ~ ~~ucam~.i~~La~ r ~ ~~~~c end d~,~~Qr~G~ ~ra~a~;,d~. ~Q
c~x,~n~~d ~o ~h~ ~
ux a such ~rron~au~ ~doa~oy'; and. '~o axe~~~ ra ~: c~va~.u~~.o~ax~ wax~.cl
the ~~ach~rs and s~udcr~~~~, the ~ov~arx~n?n~ caridv,c~c;d a
.broad p~^a~~~ra cad' ~.doq~.A~~Ca~, ra~.ndac~~~.~~,~a,on~
u~in o~,~,~~.cn;~ c~.~s~ mpe~3~n~;s, sunup?x Cam~~~~ menual~
Y ~~
woxlc ~a.c~;ure exh~.ba.ts off' Sova,c~~ acl~.~.c~vc:men~~s and o'tkiex~ exh~.ba.~~aa
al
the ~avernxr'lenfia h~,s e~'~;'ee~e;d many ch~~.n~es a.n ~trYlc: a.dao],o~y a~' ~Lhca
udex~~-s; 7. -a~~uden~l~s ~.n_~enc~~~~, have acrcp~~'ed ~~Yi~ ~;rizl;h, ~-hat
s~ ~ ~
'labor creates ~hr; _wor~.d't and the theory of ~Y~e c~.a,ys s~ru~~~,e~
2 '~'he~ have ach~.cv~d ~. ~'ur~demEn~ta~. undexst~~nda.n~ off' "same a:~ ~thG
~ 7 J'
ma'or 9.asues; ~~n 'the ~h~.nesE ~tevo~.u~tiai~, a.na:l.uda.n~ aprara.an re~orm~
J
(3)
'~Chey have 'bc~un to ua7der5~tal~d the ~h~.nese C~anunLU~is~t Warty and'
~o change the~.r ~rE~.o1,1,~ a~~~La.t~ldc o~C' suspyc~.o?; ~~h~;~' reca~n~.~~c
~ener~.~~y wlla ~.x~e thc~ three enem:~r:.;~ e~~, wha are tl~~::~our f'ra~cnds
(~I~ W~,ti1 res~ec ~ to ~'o.re~.~n re~,~.tions, a ma~or~.~ty off' 'them have
been ~,U~.c to dis~t~.n~lti~sh between ~ncmy and, friend ~zid to unc~.crsta.nd
~l~.ctit ' ~~hG ~ov~.et ~na~on ~a oux ~:'~~~,end.o
:~c~~o~.o~~.ca~. re;i.ix~ac'txa.nata.on ~r~on 'teacYaer.~s ~r~,s conducted
?~ in t~,on wa.t~. cl,~.scu;~s Lon, e~~ud~r
m~,a,n tk~x ou Y~. sc~ ~,~,ud xn a cooed ~,
~ ~ ~
n~' c~urr~;ht ~r~o~a;a.cros, and rudimentary s~'Mc~~~,~t~.ca,sm. `x'hus, dux~~.n~ '
the Sun>,mex v~.c ~.~t~.n n, axed ur~de~' the ~.e adc~r sh~.p off' ~Lhc ~3ure av: of ~'-duc a~?
~~,on ancY thy; '~'ee,c~7,ers d~.~.~,~.ancc, ~.6 ~urx~en~, a~~d~s s~~~d~' m~c~tn~,s
.were or~~;n.~z~d~ study c~.ubs were or~an~.zed ~.n schoo~:a 'to da.sc~~ss
the ~as~.c ~.ss~eu af. the Ch~ne~e ~~ovo~.ut~.en ar~d cu~~re~~~~ ~.~'~'air~;?
RESTRICTS[!
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
Al~a~' c~ua?~.~z~;, ~~Q ~~~~~~ v~c~~~at~ ~~~~~ ~;~~ahA~s wars o~~a~i~,~ed ~n~o
xf~ ae ~rak1 ~rau~as, ~~~.n~~, ,~'c~x ~h~ ~~n~y a~' l~~s~or, ~,a ~~ ma~p~~~::l~,sm w~,~h`
~mpha~is ' on 'the c~~~~~XOn a~' ~ pha.~,n~r~~~7y [af ~.~f a v'n the ba~a~ p~ ~~Q
~ax~o~?~~xa.a~~ a~~;ibu~k~a~ ~~~ ~~e end off' the ,~u~~mLr s~ud~ ~assians ?Lc~ok~M
ors waxc~ c~~.v~.c~od ~n?~a ~ra~u~a~ ~a s?~udy ~a~ch~.n~ m~~~~,ac~s ~.n ~he~x xoM
~pec:'~~.vc~ ~'~.o~,d~ off' ' spea~.al~.~a~a.on~ po;l.~.~~,ca~. ~.dao:~o~~'' was ~~,so ~Ls,u~ka~
to ~~h? ?~~ac}~4rs dux~.n~, '~he~.r px~a~ras ~.onal. s~l~dics';
'~l~~i.xd~ ~Lhe broar~, waxlc:l.nu~ `oJ.asu has won a Gl~ancca ?~a ob'~~,in gin.
educ~~'~ian, :fin ~;he pas~~ y'e~3x '~k~Q ~overnm~,~n~ esi~a~~l~.,~hcd a grea?~ nurabe~
a~' li.~ez~ac~r cla,sse,~ :~'ax~ eh:~~d~^en and fi'ar ~adu~.~~s, r~s~x^~ana.rad many
cul?~ural eon?Lc:rs, ~.~.bra~^;i.er, tend x~e~.c~a.n~ roarn~~ ' Manar waxlsors and
pcasa,n?Ls~ including tli~~r dopenden~~ w~n~ i~o schoola ~ Oxl la A~u~u-~'t~
?~h~ workoxs' evening schools ~anxal~.~r~ 392 s'tudan?~s in 171.E classea
(~hec, evc;nin~; sc}~ool~; w.~.J.l be placid ~~dar 'the ~.e'adersh~,p a~' 'the
workox,~~ `unic~~r~ s T,aa't :~E:cembex ~tkie adu1.~~ owning schaols apene~~
Z~?.3 cl~~ssres wi~~h a. ~~o~al a~' l~a4UU s'~udon~,e To ~acili'~a~e
agra~ia~a r~e;~ox~n, I~~UUU peasan?~s in ?~he l?ok~,n~ sub~arb:~n ~x~~. ware
~~.~ ~.~.~.~~, ~.~a a ~uuy ~~.~,~~~~, ~.[aca ~ ~~~.~~u:~?~,.~, cen~~z~,~, ~ newspape;r.
~^eadx,r~~ rooms, -and 2 J.~.bx~r~;es wexe set up; ?the~o c;~~t;,~,bl,a~ka~n~z~~s
spc~nsordd ~'requen~ gr. aup meetiz~~;s, .popular ~.sc?~ura rnee;~L:iixgs, exh~.b-~
]?~s, ~ven~ng px'ogx~szas and ~aelped' ~~he ~eo~~le ax~~~~nize s~.nging ~eams~
Falk dances, drama, ~rou~s, e~c~ 1~ccardin~ ?~o vc;Cember s?~a'~i s?~;Lcs,
~}~e ~` cul?~urc~l c~:n'~~:rs a,nd :~ibxa~~:i.es .~.n ~ekin~ City had ~UU,UUU
reade~5 duz^~.n~ the year, and a ~~o?~a~, a~' ~.~.~,U00 people '~~;~ended
evena.ng ~ragr~iis~.
the ci?~y hays 6a~ ~.i~~::~a,c~r cls,ssos ~`or chilc~:r~en,`
enrr~~.~.in~; 2U~ 4~~a s?~uden~s; abau?~ ~.~~ a(~U warkexu ~ ch~,ldr~n, ~ax~sx
den~.ed achool~.ng, 17~ve yaw been :~,dm~~,~~ed :~n'~a ~e~u~~.~ schac~lso
~~~~t~,g~"s1~~~
1C1~,yfn r F~~".
Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012J04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
 Declassified in Part -Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/23 :CIA-RDP82-000398000200170028-2
~'~~~ ~~ t~A ~~,~~ux~ a~' P'e~C~,~~i ~a ~~u~;~,'~~,ar~a~, ~~~;ir~.~~,v~~~ ~,r~
~~p ~~~~~ Hro~~ 'W1~a'~ doer ~~~ ~,i~d~c~?~?~ ~~ ~ho~a~ ~~h~'~ ~1~1~e ~aeo~~.?
a~' Pe~c~n~ ar? dev~`14~~~.~~ tie new ~~Q~a~,~ ~ ~ dc~~7~adr~i~~a ?dua?a'~lan
w~?i,h ~;~.;1. tha:l.~~ A~~'a~t~ d ~ndec~r~, ?~hc~a~~ n~~tQ b~vn m~n~r ~Ch~.~va~~n~
_wa.th x~~~aea?~ to ac~uc~~~~.vn ~,n ~'ek~.ra~~ ~Iawev~r, ~'elc~.n~' a c~duca?~~,on~
a:l. devc:~a~merat ~~ ;E~~^ ~'xvrr~ ~u~'~'~.ca:cr~?~ ~.n ~u~~,:I.~~y~ ox ~,n quun~~~~-~o
~~pna~ sa1?ivv~.3 ~aa,vc~ na?~ bee;n xc~r~r~;an:l,~~c~d~' ax' :~x~ r, aax~~n~,zc;3d w~,thaui~'
bc~z~ ab~.e ?~o ~'unc't~~an inn ~ naxnad]. why. '~'cacza~l.rx~ m~?~hac~~ ~,nd ?~he
con~ant a~' ~choo~. cux~ra.cu~.a are ~cx :~'raa~ b~?~.r~~ ~dcr~u~~~c~ Lduca-
~r~.or~ ha;~ na?~ been sa caradu~;ted as to have the desxed s~;na.~'a.c~nt
e~'~?~ea~; on pxoduct~.an~ l~e~.~,ta.vc;1.~ ~'ew woxka,n~ ~ea~1.e e~,n ~o to
schoo~.~ '~hua, thG edur,~,~,a.c~na~. pola.cy f.'oz~ :1.~~0 ~,s ?~a ~'urJ~hex atrGi~~..
then po~a.~~, - cad xe9.ndortxina~ion, re~'orm, ~k~a px~nryr~r and .~.n~~er~nedM
ia?~e schools, px~onlote vac~;t?iana~. ~c;hools ~r.~d tea~:hers' roa.1,E~~?es~
c;~xpar~d spaxe~~une ~duc~,ta.oY~al px~o~r~ms ~'ax wox~ex grad peasants,
:im}~xove soc~.~,~ erlucc~,~9,an, 'deva.se ~, `new p~.an ~o cl~m~.na~te a.~.~.~.~er~
acy conl~~.et~l~r, ' estab~,a.sh more shor?~wtexm tx~s,a,n~,n~ classe'sa ~ro~
~aotc~ tc~chn~.c~,~, tr~,inin~, a,~crea,7c; ~r~he ~;u~.'~uxal, pa~.Ltic~al ar~d
ac~.ent~,f ,c; ~~ua].i~'9.c~;ta.ons o:C ~l,he b~~o~,d rrt,asses o~ thy; peuplc, a.n
~eka.n~~ p~,xt~.cu~.4~;r~~? the labarLn~ c1~:~ssd We shou~.~l educate the.
t~rar~kers to d~~re~.ap p~^c~duc?~~.on ao' ?~l~at ~'~~Z~.~~~ wJ,~. fors~e ahead as
a ~xaduc;~~~,ve c;~.tyQ _:We 'expect ?Ghat alb. who 4,re_concet~ned w~.th eduw
c avian a.n ~'~1~:~.n~ wild, da ?r~he ~~ bes?~ ~ta mar. ~h f or~rax~d ` as ~he.~x
dCh~.evementa" J,n ;~,~,~~,
~~S~~ICTED
. ,r,,. ,, .,. , ~ ,
.z 1 T I : ' c. ? ' ~ W t ,:' J i. ....I ~.. ~ ,: .... , w ...:.. '....,: Y .:': ' .1 ..,::~i ., t ,c 9 L'.. a :):',! i, r .1 . u. V, .
P.{ a , , 1&P la I a fir' r r?f t,...a :.{.,.. , , ',d,F :.S
I ~8' ; ~ n' .~,.!~, ~., 1: 4. ? (, .,. . , ,., ... , ~ ,.i!,r / . ~. , r: r.., { ?~ .~ ~,:. { ,.: ~ !. .:.~ ~';~ .;;; Y ?',': 1 ! J';: , rl ~,"6
,
~yy, C. ,:.. , :.. ,....u, 1 d,.: ,,..... ,..,:d- ~.:,. ~.,. -:~:,1:: f7 ~:! :,, r.~,:; L., ~ f .e,A J' i.::d:e` ,; ,. -!?' r. s's~l l '' ~!~:, rvJ 4 :G~~
&Ndl.~~i~~i~??6e,LAY~~.~~1,.~, tii L,l ~, ~~,. 4. ~'. ,m ~n.:... 1~,MJ 9t :r,,,.1.J , ,.;.:; s':: , ,. ,_, ~,:,_ ~~: J, ,,..J u11riP^,. ,.~ t.Y ~, e ,1 ? J..rr. B,4 Y., ..I,,, ,. ...J J. ..... ~ . ,~ii~F. ..:_,. c.o r. , ., Jn? ,n, ,:~ ,J a, ~~" .~x .4,+,,r :,.,d
isek. 4b : ~7~ 7 r J ,~.. .. r..~,. 1 .::.... .1. .~~:.... u W.:,,..1 , ,.:..,... ~. t ,. ,..1,. t. f
4. ~, 7~ e. ~ .. ,.t. I..ix~q.,