COLLECTIVIZATION IN THE CARPATHO-UKRAINE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000100230004-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 6, 2013
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: August 28, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
@ 50-Yr 2013/06/06: CIA-RDP82-00046R000100230004-1
Ei-a)
This Document contains information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
ing of Title 18, Sections 793 and 794, of the U.S. Code, as
amended. Its transmission or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person is prohibited
by law. The reproduction of this form is prohibited.
SECRET
SECURITY INFORMATION
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USSR(Ukrainian SSR)
REPORT
Collectivization in the Carpatho-Ukraine
DATE DISTR.
28 August 1953
NO. OF PAGES 3
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THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
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REPORT NO.
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DATE DISTR. El
SUBJECT Collectivization in the Carpatho-Ukraine NO.OF PAGES 2
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icamm
1. No attempt at collectivization was made in the Carpatho-Ukraine
until 1947. Up to that time the average farm had consisted of 8 to 10
hectares, and anyone who owned more than that amount (I land wab
considered a kulak, never heard of any Instance whore a kulak was
50X1 exiled to Siberia or any other place.) The first collective farm
was formed from among about 20 families of Bulgarians who were living
in the area. These Bulgarians were engaged primarily in rattling
fruits and vegetables, and they were already living in a collective
atmosphere. This firet collective farm (iin Dimitrol was given all
the equipment it needed and all necessary seed free charge.
Consequently, the harvest was much greater than these people had ever
experienced. Inasmuch as they were permitted to dispose of their
produpts as they wished and to keep all of the proceeds, these
Bulgarian families fared extremely well, making 80,000-100,000 rubles
for the year. At the, government's invitation, these Bulgarian families
constructed new homes on the main thoroughfare in Mukadhevo. This,
of course, was an attempt by the government to publicize the advantages
of a collective farm; although some pepple,were thus tempted to join
a collective farm, most of them stil1 adamantly refused.
2. The government's next effort at collectivization (1947-19.48) was in
the ,area of Velikiye Luchki, which' had the richest soil in the'
Carpatho-Ukraine. As soon as the government had a bare minimum of
volunteers, the land of both those who Volunteered and of those who
refused to ;join was turned into a collective farm.. By the end of 1948
about 20 kol.lutosx principally on the richest land, were in operation.
Just as the, Bulgarians had been given equipment .and seed free of
charge, so were the people on these 20 'collective farms . These
collectiA farmers were ,promised that they would be able to keep all
SECURITY INFORMATION
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/06/06: CIA-RDP82-00046R000100230004-1
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SECRET/SECURITY INFORMATION
their harvest for the next five years, and
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the government did not demand any grain deliveries from them
500(1 In 1948 the members of these 20 collective arnts
earnea Irom 1.>.. 0 kg. of grain per work day. In 1949, because of
,the imposition of various types of "necessary and urgent projects",
payment was reduced to 12 kg. per work day. By 1950 this had been
further reduced to 8 kg. per work day, and in 1951 these people
received only about 1 kg, per work day.
?
3. By 1949 the government had made very little headway in organizing the
rest of the Carpatho-Ukraine into collective farms, although some of
the people were induced to join after having seen the huge payments
per work day received by workers on these, 20 kolkhozy. The government
then resorted to other. methods. It told those who had refused to
join that *ley had to make grain deliveries to the state for the land
which they claimed was theirs. It did these people no good when they
protested that their land had been collectivized and that they had been
forbidden to work on it. They were compelled to surrender much of
their reserve grain or join the kolkhoz, so that quite a few of them
50:0
50:00
.These
gave in and joined.
send recalcitrant
people
to fulfill these
brought to court
were read in
if they agreed
course many
Another method employed by the government was to
farmers out to work in the forests during the winter.
were given fantastic norms to fill, and when they failed
norms (which was almost always the case) they were
on charges of economic sabotage. After these charges
public, the "saboteurs" were taken aside and told that
to join the kolkhoz the charges would be dropped. Of
eople had no choice but to a ree.
was entered forcibly by government agitators 50:0
under threat of violence, was oompelled to join the
were also many rumors that kulaks were to be deported
o oe. There
to Sibtria, and this also caused many people to join the kolkhozy.
4.
Thus, by promisee, cajolery, threats, and even open violence, the
government had wuooeeded in collectOizlng about 90% of the land by
the end of 19149, Those who joined a collective farm, after the
original 20 kolkhozy had been formed around Veliklye Luchki, were
given no promises that they could keep their hariest for the next
five years. Furthermore, they were given only one-quarter heotare
of land on which to do their own planting instead or the gull hectare
of land given those Who joined in the beginning. In 1951, those who
had joined the collective farm after 1948 earned ?only 200-300 g. of
grain per work day.
SECRET
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