1. SOVIET ARMY TRAINING 2. DEPENDENTS, DISCIPLINE, MORALE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000300030020-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 30, 2013
• Sequence Number: 20
• Publication Date: November 18, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

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50X1 nONFIDEkTTAT.
REPORT NO.
50X1
COUNTRY Austria
DATE DISTR. 18 Nov. 1983
SUBJECT 1, Soviet Army Training
NO. OF PAGES 12
PLACE
2. Dependents, Discipline,
Morale
NO. OF ENCLS. 2
ACQUIRED
50X1
(LISTED BELOW)
DATE
? SUPPLEMENT TO
ACQUIRED
REPORT NO.
50X1 DATE OF INFORMATION
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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A. Garrison Training
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Having completed the NCO school of the 344th How. Arty. Regt.,
located in Allentsteig A 48-41. E iA-167Aramc, w...-1 " for
sketch of the area, Mortar
Btry. of the 29othAe a e in Mauer Oehling?
near Amste_tten ji
on or about20 November 1952.
From 20 November 1952 until 1 December 1952 there was no scheduled
training inf mortar battery as it was preparing itself .71
waiting for Lthe new training year to begin.
the training year always began on 1 December. did not know
when the training year ended or what were the phases of this train-
ing. In the meantime, soldiers were kept busy painting the
barracks and doing a general cleanup of the area, barracks and
equipment. During this period they had only four hours of politi-
cal indoctrination which consisted of a detailed Study of the 19th
Communist Party Congress, During these four hours they had time
only for the study of the industrial goals set by the Congress.
On 1 December 1952, all units of the 290th Gds. Rifle Rest. (locate
in Mauer Oehling) were formed for inspection at approximately 0900
hours. The inspection lasted until 1400 hours. No company com-
mander could inspect his own unit, Commanders of other companies
inspected the mortar company while the mortar company commander
50X1 inspected other companies, only one other unit,
the 57-mm. AT Btry. For this inspection the following items had
to be in thepOs2e8s1n of the individual soldier: one complete
50X1 new uniform with fur cap and_ lolrep, individual weapon,
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CONFIDENTIAL
? gas mask, overcoat, ammunition pouch, entrenching shovel and com-
bat pack. The following items were in the combat pack: towel,
one change of underwear, one pair of winter footwraps, one pair
of summer footwraps, mess-gear, cup, spoon, shoe polish and
brush, and toilet articles (which included a mirror). In addi-
tion, they had to have a canteen on their belt, one handkerchief
in their trouser pocket and their Soldier's Book in their left
breast pocket. The results of the inspection were not made known
to the troops. From 1400 hours until 1500 hours they had dinner.
From 1500 hours 700 hours regimentl equipment was shown
50X1 to the troops They had no further training on 1
December 1952.
On 2 December 1952 from 0800 hours until 1000 hours, they had
political indoctrination which consisted of a study of the 19th
Communist Party Congress. At approximately 1000 hours they were
ordered back to the barracks and told to undress completely.
Once completely undressed, they were told that there was an alert
and to be ready to move out within 20 minutes. Theoretically
? all equipment was to be loaded, i.e., anything that could be
loaded, into trucks. Actually, they simulated the loading and no
equipment except individual equipment was taken. No trucks were
furnished. It took one hour for the company to be ready to move
out to the regimental assembly area. Once ready, the company
moved out on the double. The exact location of the area was
50X1 unknown because he went there only once. He stated
that the assembly area was approximately 3.5 km, east of Mauer
Oehling. At the assembly area there was only one other unit,
the 57-mm. AT Gun Btry. of the 290th Gds, Rifle Regt. Once at
50X1 the assembly area, the troops underwent an inspection similar to
the one described in the preceding paragraph.
50X1 all soldiers forgot at least one item.
50X1 They stayed at the assembly area for approximately one
our and them moved back to the barracks, with their gas masks
on, at double time. The rest of the &kir wls spent on care and
50X1 cleaning of equipment. it was customary for
an alert to be called at the beginning of each training year.
50X1 From then ons a regular schedule was assigned. The schedule
followed y all units of the 290th Gds, Rifle Regt.
50X1 was as follows:
Week days
0600-0605 Reveille
0605-0625 Physical training
0625-0645 Clean-up
0645-60700 Morning inspection
0700-0730 Breakfast
0730-0745 Free time
0745-0800 Morning formation
0800-1350 Training
1350-1400 Break
1400-1430 Lunch
1430-1500 Free time
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Sundays
0700-0705 Reveille
0700-0800 Clean-up
0800-0830 Breakfast
0830-1500 Free time
1500-1530 Lunch
1530-2100 Free time
2100-2130 Supper
2130-2400 Free time
2400 Taps
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Week days
1500-1630 Compulsory rest
1630.-1645- Afternoon formation
1645-1715 Manual of arms
1715-1730 Free time
1730-1920 Training
1920-1930 Break
130-2000 Care and cleaning of equipment
2000-2050 Political indoctrination
2050-2100 Break
2100-2130 Supper
2130-2200 Individual political training
2200-2230 Free time
2230-2240 Evening inspection
2240-2250 Evening stroll
2300 Taps
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could not give a detailed description of the daily train-
ing because he was a radio operator and did not participate in
the regular company training,
he was unable to state the level of
training of the mortar company.
training consisted
of practicing and perfecting their Morse code knowledge. The
only company training they attended consisted of physical train-
ing, close order drill, marksmanship, and political training.
50:0 At 0300 hours, 26 Janua
quently learned
Judging by the urgency
and the urgency shown by the officers,
this was not a practice alert. The urgency communicated itself
to the men and the company was ready to move out in 30 minutes.
Trucks were furnished and everything that could be loaded was
actually loaded, including regular office telephones which were
disconnected. As they were ready to move the alert was called
off. No reason was officially given for the alert or why it was
called off so quickly. Rumors were that some Soviet outpost on 50X1
the border was fired upon,
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1953, the Mortar Co. and, as subse-
the rest of the regiment, was alerted.
the sergeant's voice who alerted them,
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no information about the regular training in
the 9th Rifle Co. because he was a radio operator and did not
participate in the training. However, he stated that the 9th
Rifle Co. had very little training because it had its platoons
stretched along the border on border guard duty.
50:00 In the latter part of May 1953, sent to. the 290th
Gds, Rifle Regt? located in Mauer Oehling, to/attend a meeting
of all radio operators of the regiment. The Purpose of the
meeting was to acquaint the radio operators with each other and
test their efficiency. The test consisted of transmitting and
receiving Morse code, through use of specially built tables
which are described in subpar A9, below.
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3.
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the above-mentioned units did not participate
in range firing except as mentioned in subpar AS, below. He did
not participate in platoon or company problems, marches,
bivouacs, field fortifications or company tactics.
See subpar Al, above for detailed training schedule of the 290th
Gds, Rifle Regt.
all officers (platoon and company) were
responsible for, and conducted training in the 120-mm, Mortar
Co. He could not give any details.
the 120-mm. Mortar Co. of the 290th Gds.
Rifle Regt? located in Mauer Oehling,
the following training tests: on 10 January 1953 ith 50:00
par:::::1 in
the rest of the company went out to the firing ra narks-
man ship Qualification, They fired three rounds each at 100 m.
65% of the rounds fired hit the silhouette
targets. The company commander gave the battery a rating of
"3", which denotes satisfactory firing. The numerical system
for rating is from "1" to "5* as follows: "1" Very Unsatisfac-
tory; "2" Unsatisfactory; "3" Satisfactory; "4" Good; "5" Excel-
lent. On 11 January 1953 the entire company was tested by the
company commander on the following subjects: weapon nomenela-
ture - each soldier was supposed to be able to name all parts
of his personal weapon; politics - each soldier was supposed to
tell everything he remembered about political indoctrination
which began on 1 December 1952; drill, i.e., close order drill;
manual of arms; proper wearing of the uniform, and military
courtesy. Results of these tests were not made known to the
troops.
50:00 6. was unable to state what training deficiencies were
ound and corrected by higher headquarters because the individ-
ual soldier was never informed of such matters.
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knew nothing about air-ground support; the system used
by the Soviets to identify their units, or the Soviet liaison
system; new anti-tank weapons; artillery support; tank-infantry
cooperation or display and tactical use of new weapons. Along
the line of specialized training, stated the following:
a.
the NCO school of the 344th How. Art . Regt.,
located in Allentsteig Lff 48-410 E 15-127, Iheard an
instructor urging the members of a mortar platoon to read
a manual called SOSNA (Sostav Organizatsyy Sovetskoy
Nozemnoy Artilleryy - Organizational Manual of the Soviet
Ground Artillery). He had no further information on the
SOSNA manual.
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50:00 b. From conversation with an NCO, only one gun
of an artillery formation (either of a battery, battalion or
regiment) zeroed on a target and the other guns were cali-
brated accordingly. He had no further information on artil-
lery registration.
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On
a.
The only weapons known were
employed in
57-mm. AT gun.
direct AT fire were the 37-mm, AA gun and the
training,
Large scale motor moves:
minimum distance between
50 m. He learned this fact
NCO. No further information.
in convoy the
ery pieces was
with an
trucics -cowing arnii
during a conversation
?b.
Command Post Exercises: no information.
c.
Engineer bridging operations: no information.
d.
Officer and NCO leadership instruction: no information.
e.
Passive defense for air attacks: no information.
50:00
f.
g.
Alert planning or training: see subpar Al,
mation on alert training. No further details,
above, for infor-
political indoc-
Political training: all
trination was of a nature to prepare troops for combat. The
following points were stressed: the Korean invasion was
started by orders from the White House; American germ war-
fare. The political officers, during their indoctrination
lectures, stated that the US would use BW in future wars.
They brought forth the fact that the US waged BW in Korea.
The great majority of EM were inclined to believe this prop-
50:00 agenda regarding US use of BW warfare in Korea.
never heard of BW in the Soviet Army. American atrocities
were used as examples by the political officers to potential
50:00
defectors or deserters in ease
subjects were on American imperialism,
the U$ is preparing for war and
In the fight against the US.
h. Training in chemical warfare:
i. Defense against atomic bombing:
of war. Other
constant
the role
indoctrination
stating that
of the Soviet soldier
no information.
j. Night training: no information.
k. Training in airborne or air transported operations:
information.
no
50:00
l. Instruction in "living off the country":
he never received training in "living off
the country". As
far as he knew, the service NCO of the unit would be respon-
sible for rations.
m. The amount of training needed to be considered ready for
combat: no information.
n. Factors determining combat readiness: no
information.
50:00
o. Familiarization firing:
50:00
9.
All men/ selected for the 344th How,
Arty. Regt.
NCO school
Lt
50:00
were given a mathematics test
prior
to being sent
the school. The test consisted of a division, multiplication,
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subtraction, addition, basic fractions and a simple time-distance
problem.
had five weeks of basic training with a trainin battalion
of the 95th Mountain Rifle Regt, stationed in Dzhulfa LN 38-54,
E 45-3w. The training began on 23 September 1951 and ended in
the beginning of November 1951. The battalion was divided into
two training companies of 60 men each0 the
training was conducted in a very poor manner and that at the
end of the training the trainees knew only the following: how
to fire a PPShs how to dig a foxhole, close order drill and
manual of arms, basic offensive platoon tactics, marching and
physical training. Emphasis was given to political indoctrina-
tion and work details such as cleaning mortar shells. They
tired the PPSh only once - two rounds at 50 m.
since they were assigned to go outside of the USSR as
B.
replacements
Summer
their basic training was short and poorly conducted.
Training and Maneuvers
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never participated in summer training or maneuvers and was
to give any information on the subject.
unable
C.
Miscellaneous
1. Military
Information
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a.
no dependents were allowed in the
Soviet
b.
Zone of Austria. This policy created dissatisfaction
the officers.
No explanation was given as to why dependents were
allowed outside of the USSR.
among
not
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C,
outside
no officer or EM was allowed
of the compound at any time except on official duty.
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d.
most of the EM sneaked out of the
com-
the offi-
pound at least once a week. He did not know about
cers.
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e. -h.
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i.
Concerning discipline,
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(1) He heard that there was an average of seven men in the
290th (Ids, Rifle Regt. stockade at all times*
Drunkenness among officers was so prevalent that he
would not venture to guess on it, Among EM it was to
a lesser degree due to greater restrictions imposed on
them.
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
did not know of any case of VD.
Minor disobediences and insults were constantly creat-
ing friction between EM and officers. He could not
state a specific number of incidents as they were so
commonplace.
knew of no orders from higher headquarters which
called attention to breaches of discipline.
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J. Low morale of the troops was evident almost all of the time.
He could give only one specific example of poor discipline.
This was in May 1953 when all the officers of the 120-mm.
Mortar Btry. of the 290th Gds. Rifle Regt. were involved in
a free-for-all fight ffause unknowg and in the process they
damaged their billets extensively. Because only officers
participated in the fight they succeeded in hushing it up.
k. The following privileges enjoyed by officers were resented
by EM: leave policy, pay and the fact that officers could
send packages home while EM could not. *as not an
50X1 officer and could not describe the rules on sending packages
to the USSR.
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50X1 This shortage always
irritated the EM as did the caFeless cooking of the food.
m, An EM knew that while he was draftee status he had very
little chance for promotion and therefore had very little
interest in the promotion policy. He was unable to give any
information on the subject as far as officers were concerned,
medical care, recreation, and PX supplies
were satisfactory. However, EM did not receive enough money
to buy many of the items sold in the PX. Food was a. constant
they never recetved their full meat ration I
factor causing low morale. As an example,.
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n.
USSR.
Enclosures:
knew nothing about air raid defense measures in the
A. 344th How. Arty. Regt. Caserne Area in Camp Kauholz near
Allentsteig
9th Rifle Co. Area in Haag and 3rd Gds. Rifle Bn. Area in St.
Peter
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Enclosure A
344th Row Artv Beet ?weenie Area in Oa= Eauhole
near ALLENVETEIG (4841E-1519)
URMBACH
154z
+ 4841N
4844N 7-17
15211
AILEMTSTEIG ,
Memory
ske to h0
not to
scale
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Mhn Ref:
Middle Danube 111000p0p Sheet
VIT-109 ANS Series PI 671 dated
1944 (Gscs 4416)
NEM=
[Joon-
?rote
plat-
0 form
29 29
'Iate of Info:
Basis of Info:
If 1
personal observation
19f4= r-1111
\E=
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24 4
C:t) =3-24
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Nets:
Snoloeune A ( Contod)
544th Hew 4,rty Rent pawne Area In Oman Irsaholn
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did not know the capacity of any buildings in the caserne,
except as stated below. All dimensions are approximate.
1. Office quarter*: two 1-story wooden bides (attic used as second
floor), 60 z 20 mo
Unoccupied. bldg: 1-story wooden, about 60 z 20 m.
3. Regimental radio stations 1-story wooden bldg (attic used as second.
floor), 60 z 20 m. Only one room was occupied., that by the radio
room 01. The room had one radio, a 3314-1.
4. ?Unoccupied bides: dimensions 'Unknown.
5 .Officers' club and. quarters for junior and senior officers: three
14itory brick bldgs, 60z 40 m, with tile roofs.
14, 344th Row Arty Regtearui PR: 1-story brick bldg 60 z 40 m, with
tile roof.
. guardhouses 17-story-wooden bldg 40 x 30 a.
2. Medical potions 1-story wooden bldg, 40 x 15 a.
9. Unoccupied bigots 1-story wooden, 40 z 15 n6
11.
to.
13.
141
to.
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18,
17.
18.
Unoccupied bldga wooden, 30 x 10 m. Purther details unknown.
N00 school offioe and classrooms: two 1-story wooden bldgs, 50 x 20 m.
Regimental headquartencompany bldgi 1-story wooden, 50 z 20 in.
3arracks of the 7th and. 8th Row Btrys: 1-story wooden bldg. 50 x 20
Regimental service unit bldg: 1-story wooden, 50 x 20 m.
'Vehicle and weapon r r tho es two s dim
club: 1-story wooden bldg, 00 z 30 as.
B4. Plat, 2,1 Now 204 bldg: 1-story wooden, op x 20 a.
Barracks of the lit, 2to 210 4th1 5th Now Btrys and 24 Plat, 26. Now
Biss six 1-stery wooden bldg.'s, 80 x 20 a.
19. Unoccupied. bldg.: 1-story wooden, 50 x 20 m.
SO. Officers. and Xi aeashillss three 1-story wooden bldg., 50 x SO .46
aftnnition 3.-story wooden bldg. 70 x SO a.
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Encloware A (Oottld)
20.4munition depot; 1.itory Wooden bide, 25 X15 2174
23. .0ldArpoctimi,sbed:- dimensions unktArn.
24. Coal and. wood_ storages two 1-story wooden bides, 60 x 20 n6 with
cOncrote floors.
26. Garages: 'eight.bldgi, 60 x 25 m, with brick walls. Pour were mipty,
four housed. vehicles. and artillery pieces'of the 344th Row Arty, Regt.
lach,garago had a capacity of 40 vehicles, parked in twO rows.
26. rood' eqiipment awl-clothing depot: 1.atory brick bldg, 40 x 15 m,
with tile roof.
27. _Symnapium: l-itory brick bldg, 40 x 25 Bk.
28. Concrete platform for washing vehicles: had two hoses.
29. ppll depots bldgs of wood., dimensions unknown.
30. Regimental bathhotses 1.ator7 wooden bldg, 40 x MO n6 with concrete
floor. sixty men Could bathe at once.
31. WhOcCOpied bug, tied for potato storage: four 2-story brick, 20 x
10 s6 with tile roof*. Potatoes were stored in the cellars of two
of the strUcttres.
32. Rsgimental water works: brick bldg, dimensions unknown, be-
50X1 1**T05. the works included some sort of pumps.
33. 13arbed wire :fences: 2.m high.
34. WoOden fences: 2-m high.
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Post 1
Post 2:
Post 3:
Post 41
Post 5:
Post 61
know of only six guard posts in this area:
Stationary post by the regimental colors within the headquarters
WS, #6) ?
Walking post within the motor park (#es).
Walking post within the ammunition depot (#21 and 22).
Walking post inside of the 2014 dump (?).
Walking post around. the food and clothing depot (#86).
Walking post around. regimental headquarters (#6).
Guard was meAe up of three reliefs. Rash guard had two hours on ant
hours off, One sentinel was at each post, armed with a Plehand two
=dominos of ammunition.
four
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Enclosure B
th Rifle Co Area in HAAG 4806N-1A34P) and 3d Gds Rifle
Bn Area in ST PETER ,f4802N-14152U/
33
2
1.
RR Statin
Area A
1 4
0 50 100 150 200
immig=====ii=1
9th Rifle Go Area
If
Map Ref: Middle Danube 1:1009000
Sheet 19 AMS Series M671
m high wooden
fen
5
6 sis 5
STI-YR
Stone5
wall
C=1, ST PETER
5 5
Area B
0 50 100 150 200
3d Gds Rifle Rn
ST PETER
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Date of Info:
Basis of Info:: Personal
observation
48
32
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Enclosure B (Contid)
in ST l'ETER (4802N-14381)
?r?.L - 9th Rifle Os
1. Barrack of headquarters personnel of the 9th Rifle CO 8 2-stor7 brick
biGg, about 20 x 10 m?, with tile roof. Capacity, 15 men.
2. GarM408 wooden, 'barn, about 35 x 10 m. Three trucks were parked. inside.
36 Ide,thhousea brick bldg about 5 x 5 m. Capacity, two men.
4. Civilian houses. believe& that they were occupied.. However,
he was unable t .i'tate the nationality of the occupants.
There Was only one guard posted. around. the company bullding(#19 above).
He was armed. with a posh and two magazines of ammunition.
Area 3 3d. Gds Rifle 3a
1. Hot, ,3d Gds Rifle 3:1/4 and barrack of the KG Co, Mortar Co and one AT
Stied I 2-story brick bldg, 30 z 25with tile roof. Capacity,
'proximately 150 men. There was a RiM-1 radio set in the building,
which maintained contact with the companies of the battalion, and. a
E.10 switchboard.
Artillery parks wooden shed. about 20 x 10 ro. Capacity unknown
Garages 1-story brick shed., about 30 x 15 m. Capacity unknown.
4. Officer and. EN 'meseball, and. barrack for Sig Plat, Svc Plat? VHOS*
Squad 'and. Med. Sect 3-story brick bldg? 30 x 20 m, with brick tower
on the OE corner. The tower was used. as an air observation post.
&.R radio set maintained. contact with regiment.
50X1 0 Civilian buildings?
hews.. unable to eta.
4 douri
There were three guard. posts in this areas
*Post 18 Stationary post at the door of the headquarters building (# 5).
Post 28 Walking post around the artillery park (#2)
Post 3:, Walking post around building (#4)
The guilts were armed. with a carbine and. an unk2101r2 ?roamber of rounds
ammunition.
elieved that they were occupied. However,
e nationality of the occupants.
- Observation Service Viesdushnoye Habludenlye Opoveshob.eniye
417118)
CONFIDENTIAL
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/20: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300030020-3