THE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY IN POLAND

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 47
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 5, 2009
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: January 27, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
COUNTRY Poland
SUBJECT The Electronics Industry in Poland
DATE OF INFORMATION
PLACE ACQUIRED
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
25X1
Section A. Organizational Structure and Status of Poland's Telecommunica-
. ons n us ,ry
1. Normally a major proposal for the production of telecommuni-
cations equipment, or the construction of a new telecommuni-
cations factory, emanates from the CZPT (Central Administra-
tion for the Telecommunications Industry). This proposal is
forwarded through the MPM (Ministry :!of Machine I str to
the State Commission fbr Economic Planning (PKPG)
Here, after a study of'the problem., by the chiefs o 25X1
Army Team of the Commission for Economic Planning, it is
submitted, in the form of a project to be voted on, at a
meeting of the Council of Ministers. After ratification of
the project the various nterested ministers are responsible
for seeing that the project is carried out. In many instances
new types of production,\probably under the controlling
influence of-the USSR are incorporated into the original.
project by the Army Team of PKPG. This team is strongly
dependent upon the Soviet Armed Forces.
2. Research in the PIT (Teleoorr:u-nunications Industria.:l Institute)
USAF review completed.
and CBKT (Central Bure,, for the Construction or Telecommun:=-
cations) is jointly planned and agreed to, by the Directorate
of both institutes, through the Central Administration for the
Telecommunications Industry (CLPT). The plans are generally
made for a perio&of a year which corresponds 'to the calendar
year. In a few instances the plans cover a period of a few
__.SEC.RP,T_--
25X1
DATE DISTR. 2? Jan 1954
NO. OF PAGES 47
REFERENCES:
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET L
-2-
years. Some projects, representing a particular undertaking, some-
times are originated by the Military Authorities and come to the CZPT
through the Ministry for the Machine Industry (MPM). Frequently some
of these projects are sent to various scientific institutions and
high schools (polytechnic universities and institutes).
Not one'of Poland's scientific institutes, in the sphere of tele-
communications, works exclusively for the military.
4. While there are no Polish telecommunications institutes controlled
by the USS his is not necessarily true for
some of the Polish telecommunications factories. This belief is
based on the fact that a Soviet professor, ALEKSANDROW, worked at
the only Polish vacuum tube plant (L 1) since 1952. It was rumored
that he was assigned the job of organizing and enlarging the produc-
tion of vacuum tubes in Poland. radio
plant T3 (Marcina Kasprzaka) in Warsaw is also working part-time for
Russia. Besides producing broadcast receivers and routine amplifiers,
T3 is believed-to produce receivers and possibly small transmitters
(50 w.) from a Russian pattern.
of expansion for the purpose of benefiting the telecommunications
iri natrv for military purposes. From the tempo of new planning in
25X1
25X1
In general, Poland's telecommunications industry is in the process of
expanding. Plans were made for the building of an electronic measuring
instruments factory, a television factory, an iron core coil factory
and a factory for amplifiers. Generally, one can see the importance
7.
a reserve o production in case their industry is destroyed during a
are obtained from Russia and,its Satellites; however, very lit le
war. This being true, the present production is principally concerned
with the training of experts and employment of people. Most produc-
tion is based upon foreign development. The development engineers
in Poland generally feel as if they are failures. The older construc-
tors more often work unwillingly, or are removed from industry and
replaced with young development engineers without experience or proper
training. The salary they receive and the lack of a necessary
atmosphere for work does not encourage them to work to the extent of
their abilities. In many instances the older development engineers
do not wait to be removed, but endeavor to enter scientific institutes
since their.ehnce of survival is better there. In industry they
can easily be charged with sabotage by not fulfilling their norm.
Equipment in both the, institutes and factories is inadequate and in
poor condition. Practically all of the factories in the telecommuni-
cations industry produce a variety of measuring and test instruments
necessary to their own production. These instruments do not fulfill
their tasks, both from the point of accuracy as well as from the
point of ease of operation. This in turn reduces the quality of their
end products.
There is a great: shortage of metals necessary for the production of
telecommunications equipment, i.e., nickel, molybdenum, magnesium,
barium, thorium, copper, bronze, tungsten and aluminum. There is
also a shortage of polyesters, insulating lacquers, nitro-lacquers
and bakelite. There is no supply of copper oxides or selenium for
contact rectifiers, powdered iron for cores, or magnetic materials
for magnets or loudspeakers. A very small amount of these materials 25X1
up in more detail in other sections of this report.) At the present time
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-3-
Poland still uses many of the German supplies turned over at the end
of World War II. A good example of this is the reprocessing and
molding of old German iron powdered cores for coils. Various Polish
educational organizations and institutes are trying to develop syn-
thetic 'substitutes for many materials used in the telecommunications
industry.
8. Component parts development is a very hit-and-miss type of develop-
ment insofar as Poland is concerned. While there is a resistor fac-
tory in Krakow, its output is not great and the quality of the
resistors is very poor. They make the resistors on the so-called
"I.ndia Ink" principle where a carbon compound is brushed on a ceramic
form and is then used without being baked. The coating is not of
uniform thickness, quickly deteriorates, and is not accurate, espec-
ially with temperature changes. For the above reason most factories
that must have accurate resistors (test equipment manufacturers)
either obtain old German resistors or make their own wired resistors.
Paper condensers are also made at this same factory in Krakow-and
are likewise of very poor quality. The insulation paper is very
coarse and thick which precludes any miniaturization or high quality
production. The metal containers for condensers are always improperly
sealed. Once again most factories try to use captured German conden-
sers or obtain new ones from East Germany.
9. It is normal procedure for Polish experts to travel, for a few weeks
or months, to Eastern Germany, Russia, Czechoslovakia or Hungary for
the purpose of acquainting themselves with methods of r s arch and
production in the various countries. ca twin _25X1
electrical power and electronic engineers made the trip a few 25X1
years ago. Russian experts are sent to Poland 25X1
in an advisory capacity rather than for the purpose of exchanging
technical information. This type of operation allows the Russians
to learn of many developments carried on by the Polish engineers
without divulging any Russian information. For this reason, as well
as for economy reasons, efforts are made to keep critical new develop-
ments from the Russians, as well as from the experts of other
Satellites. This is not an official policy, but it is universal..
In addition to the exchange of information by means of visiting
experts, there is an exchange of information via published literature.
There is a tremendous flow of Russian technical periodicals and
literature throughout the Satellites. This is brought about by the
fact that a Russian published book costs approximately one-fifth as
much as a corresponding Polish book. The majority of Russian books
are based mainly upon American and German literature. In many
instances an exact translation of a Western book is made and a fic-
titious Russian author's name is substituted. In the event that
small insignificant changes are introduced into the translated
foreign material, existing Russian institutes and authors are credited
with having written the book.
10. There are also a few small gaged in electronics manu-
facture. One of them was Elektromatyka in Warsaw 25X1
at 18 Piwna Street. a troma y a a authorized to buy and sell
equipment, order prototypes from instittitesjand develop new equipment.
They make the equipment by employing technical workers, during the
factory worker's free time, and by using the equipment of nationalized
factories during the hours that they are not used for State produc-
tion. This procedure is officially sanctioned, and it is known of.
and actually indirectly supported b the State a the
largest customer of Elektromatyka. this type of 25X1
operation is allowed to exist since benefits Poland as well as the
individual workers that get paid for what they produce. The equip-
ment made by the cooperative is, in general, of a higher quality than
the equipment that is made by the nationalized industries since there
is no norm for the worker to be concerned about. Material from which
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-4-
Elektromatyka makes its products, can either,be officially bought
and furnished through the main office, can be obtained and used by
one of the small firms which help make up Elektromatyka, or it may
be obtained from the supplies of one of the nationalized factories
with which Elekt.romatyka has an agreement. In any event the
material is paid for by Elektromatyka in the same manner as are
the wages of the workers. This system allows a worker to earn
extra money and to receive pay in direct proportion to, the amount
and type of work that he does.. All products made by Elektromatyka
have their name stamped on the equipment in the shape of a diamond.
Source knew of the following items that have been made by
Elektromatyka workers:
a. Signal Generator
Frequency - 100 kc. to 30 megacycles (continuous tuning).
Power Output - one microvolt to .1 v.
Frequency Accuracy - t one per cent.
Power Requirements - either battery of 110 to 220 v. AC.
A total of 50 units were made and were delivered to factory T3
and the Polish Army. This generator utilized American type
tubes with a 6L6 as oscillator, 6F6 amplifier, 6C5 voltmeter
rectifier and 6X5 as a power rectifier.
b. Vacuum Tube Voltmeter
Range - .1 to 1 v. (AC and DC)
0 to 3 v.
0 to 10 v. n rt It
0 to 100 v. " n et
0 to 300 v.
Tube Types - 6H6, 2 ea 6C5, and 1 ea 6X5.
Fifty of these were made, some for the Polish Army.
c. Bridges
Approximately 30 of these inaccurate resistance and capacitive
bridges were made. (Universal bridge with a-magic eye was
called Philiscope.)
d. Decade Resistors
Range .1 -mto 10 Kst. Approximately 150 were built for use by
Polish industry and the Army.
e. Tape Recorder
Two of these with 100 w. outputs were built.
f. Television Receiver
Elektromatyka has made a roto a receiver which utilizes
a DG 16 picture tube They hope to build and 25X1
sell this receiver until such a time as the State can construct
a factory and start manufacturing them.
any it will be 1956 - 1959 before the State can man ac ure an TV 25X1
receivers.
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
Section B. Vacuum Tube Development and Production in Poland
1. At the present time, and for the next ten years, Poland's
vacuum tube development and production are limited to
work carried on at the Electric Lamp Factory, L-l, name
of Roza Luksemburg (Zaklady Wytworcze Lamp Elektrycznych,25X1
"Imienia Rozy Luksemburg), ui Karolkowa 32/34 corner ul
Siedmogrodzka, Warsaw, Poland.
2. Site Layout:
5For site layout, see Encl. 1 and 2, Section Bj
3. Administrative Data:
This factory operates under the Ministry of Machine
Industry, (Ministerstwo Przemyslu Maszynowego - MPM).
It is directly under the Central Administration for the
Teletechnical'Industry (Centralny Zarzad Przeiyslu
Teletechnicznego - CZPT). The administrative section
is housed in a separate office building. While elec-
tronics information is exchanged between various
Satellite countries it is kept at a minimum in the
vacuum tube industry. L-1 engineers visited East German
tube plants, but no East German engineers ever visited
L-1. There was no exchange of tube information between
Poland and Czechoslovakia or between Poland and the West.
25X1
NAME: ALEKSANDROV; TITLE: Soviet expert adviser and 25X1
an expert in
tropic tubes
NAME: RURAWSKI; TITLE: Promoted from foreman to
director. Recently deMot.ed` to an inferior nositi
NAME: BARWICZ TITLE:
head engineer
SECRET
recently
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
-6-
NAME. T HOWTCZ: P03ITION: Head engineer iii L-
NAME: BANROWSKI; POSITTON: In charge of the electronic tube
1 orato at -1
This factory is located at'ul Xar6lkowa?32/34, which`is in-the-north-
west section of Warsaw. The factory area occupies the southeast
corner of fa:r-olkow :'and ?SiId ' ?dzka Streets. This is not a con-
Factory, name of apartment The
T-3, The Warsaw Radio contain
rzak
(Warszavskie Zaklady Wytworcze Urzadzen Radiowych) is located just a
few hundred meters to the southwest. Prior to World War II this
site was occupied by the Philips" Radio Factory. If damaged, this
plant would be difficult to put back inaction, since it requires
some fairly technical machinery,_which at the present time is unavail-
able 25X1
5. Operational Data:
a. Products
(1). The following European-type radio tubes:
.AZ,-11, AZ-12, EBL-21, ECH-21, EF-22, EF-22P, and EL-3. The
"above a.re.the_re regular receiving and rectifying tubes used
in the rad 1 o's" such as---Pionier AGA, and
s' .8.' "c nY" .. , .,
(2) The following American- ype, Soviet-,, copies tubes are being
manufaettred fora the Army: 6H6, this tube is in full pro-
duotipm; 6p3, an amplifier.(wzmaczniacz) which corresponds
to the T model 6L6; 5Z4, a rectifier, and an exact copy of
the _U.B_ model.
(3) The types of tubes being readied foV production in 1'951 are:
t'he _Q .AQ 7, 6 AG 7, and the 6 SN 7 a duotriode. The
above three models mare also tot be t, used in Army equipment.
O Tubes being planned for production` in "954 - 1955 are: LB8,
a oath de ray tube (oscylograficzne); 2X5 (?), a rectifier
to the LBg.
In production at present is an unknown small sending tube,
(iampa nadawcza).
y' Lrx.:, icrrr E' 3g 3 I Lf A :a.wri :,~
Being testa !a a present me are thyratrons (tyratrony);
u,.tra.. short-wavegysending, tubes, type 830 (?). These contain
twQ_systems in OnemtuDeY( wo 6L6 Push-null ILLEGIB
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET 25X1
.6 7-
(7) The present production also includes:
*a) Electric Wolfram filament bulbs (Zarowki) 110 v. and
220 v. from 15 w.'to one kilowatt. This is the common
type commercial light bulb.
(b) Fluorescent lamps (Swietlowki), three shades, namely,
white, daylight-blue, and pink.
(c) The 25 w. are 90 cm. long and may not be in production
at. the present time.
(d) The 40 w. are 110 cm. long. The fluorescent type lamp
was very popular, especially in the government insti-
tutions, but because of shortages of materials and
imperfections, this type of lighting is being recon-
verted to the standard light bulb type.
NOTE: Up to no'i the starters for the fluorescent light
fixtures are being imported .. 25X1
A few series were manufactured in Poland in the .25X1
ac ory, but since the results were unsatisfactory,
production was not continued. The starters are imported
by the Elektrim Firm and distributed by the CHPE (Centrala
Handlowa Przemyslu Electrotechniczneego).
(e) The main difficulty in starter production stems from
the shortage of neon gas and inferior bimetal. The
fittings for the neon tubes are being produced by the
former "Marciniak" plant, Okecie, Warsaw. This plant
also probably makes small automobile reflectors.
(8) The prese
nt
Droduction figures for individual types of tube
s
are unkno
wn
25X1
25X1
(9 There is
no production, or plans for immediate production
(1953 - 1
954)) of the following types of tubes:
(a) Subminiatures (probably no production prior to 1963;
all hearing aid tubes are imported from East Germany).
(b) Reliable tubes (2,000 hours is greatest length of time
being designed into tubes).
(6) Miniatures (probably start production in 1958).
(d) Magnetrons, klystrons, metal ceramic, traveling wave,
broad band amplifiers and L cathode tubes. (At the
present time there is neither development o-
duetion of these type tubes. or rit 25X1 17 will be approximately 10 years a ore ay o ge a ove
tube types can be produced in Poland.)
Input Materials
At the present time Poland is experiencing great difficulties
with material procurement for its vacuum tube industry. They are
incapable of producing any domestically and, therefore, must rely
solely upon imports. These imports, for the most part, are
obtained from Eastern Satellite countries, if possible, and from
Western European. countries. Practically none of the required
materials come directly from Russia. The following is a listing
of materials, their status and possible places of procurement:
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
-e-
Tungsten sten and molybdenum
(2) Steel comes from Poland in bands O1, 02, and 03 mm. thick
or as wire.
(3) Nickel is received from the West in the form of wire nickel
tubes and nickel sheets. From the nickel tubing, seamless
cathodes are made. In many instances it is, impossible to
obtain nickel sheets of the desired thickness, in addition
?to problems of obtaining correct sizes of nickel sheeting,
periodically the wrong type nickel and other materials are
delivered and this causes great loss of tubes due.?to poison-
ing. an instance of poisoning caused by the 25X1,
use of poor nickel, which caused two months' production to
be rejected. The anodes are stamped out of the nickel sheets
and are carbonized by L-1. in mid- 25X1
1952 this plant had some two tons of nickel but it was of
the wrong thickness, and they forwarded it to the State
Commission for Economic Planning (Panstwowa Komisja
Planowania Gospodarczego - PKPG) for rerolling, and they
have not seen it since. This just illustrates some of the
many production problems involved.
(4) the "ruby" type - ru ow 25X1
?t comes in sha es odcinki
PKPG is, responsiblee for obtaining
(5) Tin (cyna) is used in soldering.
(6) The following chemicals also come from abroad: salts such
as barium (bar), thorium (tor), and strontium (stront).
(7) Magfesium (magnet) is the metal used for the Getter.
(8) 25X1
Technical glass is s u p p l i e d by
a Polish factory located near Breslau. The glass is of
adequate quality, and no great amount of trouble is exper-
ienced in making glass to metal seals.
(9) The wolfram, molybdenum, and steel wires are received in
a ready state. The wires to be melted into glass come from
abroad.
(10) Black and color bakelite is produced in Poland. A year ago
black bakelite was unavailable because of some accident that
occurred in the producing plant; this held up production for
a very long time.
0. Utilities
(1) Factory style central heating with the fin type radiators
is used here. the heating plant is in 25X1
the basement of the factory building.
(2) City gas is used in various types of equipment, such as the,
round, automatic.rotatin tables 2. m. x 1.5 m.) used in
assgmbly of tubes. underground pipes are 25X1
used in this case.
(3) Electricity comes from the Warsaw Power Station as 5,000 v,
and is then split into 220/380 v.
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
(4) Water comes from the city and is used in some of the cooling
processes in the Automats.
(5)
it is safe to assume that most of the
25X1'
utilities are carried underground.
6. Shipping and Storage Facilities:
trucks are bei n used to
t~rsnort the finished produces ouzo e p an
7. Plant Capacity and Output:
the aim for 195 is a total of,
tubes all types Plans are being made to construct a 1 3 addition
at'the south end of the factory building. 25X1
s
in August 1953 th main production building of L- a
25X1
.. floors employed in the production of fluorescent lamps.
.
s
The remaining f rswere used to produce regular ligh bulbs a-
duced on the seventh floor, but had never v.sitea there.
vacuum tubes were produced there. the were
#rubes are installed there. The o ow ng s alisting of equipment
noted on the fifth and sixth floors of the L--1 production building:
(a) Two old ost war ta 60-head assembly and exhaust
machines The machines 25X1
have a diameter of approximately two me er .
(b) Six semi-automatic grid winding machines. These machines notch
supporting wires and wind grid wire on two main supporting wires
then
d
s are
which are approximately 14 m. in length he .ri
manually cut to their desired lengths.
Fifty small spot welding machines)
of manufacture unknown.: Sixty.small spot welding machines pro-
duced and supplied by PPAE in the summer of 1953.
(d) Some aging racks. Each rack is capable of handling about 300
tubes.
%v1 Man
difficulties are being experienced with these a es.
y
These tables are very simple in operation and are used for
superficial testing for shorts, etc., rather than detailed
testing.
The output of this factory is channeled to the Central Trade Office
for the Electrotechnical Industry (Centrals Handlowa Przemyslu
Elektrotechnicznego, PPW - CHPE)? ul Lwowska, Warsaw, for light bulbs
and fluorescent tubes and to T-3 for the electronic tubes.
8. Labor Conditions:
the labor force 0 approximately 3,500 25X1
people. This figure is based on observation and also on the
minimum space requirements per employee. The norm is seven 25X1
square meters per workman. Since the building is 125 x 25 m.,
this gives a figure of 3,750 sq. m. per floor. This multiplied
by the seven floors that are used for production will give a
total of 26,250 sq. m.; this divided by seven equals 3,500.
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
(b) work is divided into two shifts. 25X1
ti 11
SECRET
-1?-
NOTE: This factory is not going full force; this is par a y
because of shortages of material and partially, as source
suspects, because the Soviets are readying this plant for even-
tual production for the Soviet Army in case sdme-of their own
plants are knocked out and inoperative.
9?
(c) Most work in the plant is automatic or semi-automatic; that is
why such a large number of young women is used, their ages
varying from 16 to 25. The number of men is very limited; they
are. assigned mainly to the abo.storc and heAvier work.
Plant Security:
(a) Physical Security
A 2j m. brick wall runs along Karolkowa and Siedmogrodzka
streets. Truck traffic enters through a large gate from
Karolkowa Street. Pedestrian traffic is channeled through a
small gate also on Karolkowa. The small gate is a wooden,
metal covered door with a porthole, which is fitted with a
moonshaped plateglass window, which,incidentally_, came from a
submarine. There are no guards on the outside of the plant.
A guard is stationed at the end of the receiving room and
checks the passes before one is permitted to enter the office
building. Another guard is placed at the low wire fence which
separates the office building from the main production building.
Once you pass this guard, y~:u nave' free access to any building of
the factory.
There are two types of passes: one, the permanent type with
photograph; two, the permanent-temporary type for eople out-
side of the factory. The latter (Stala-Tymczasowa) is valid
for three months. This is a piece of heavy white paper six
by eight centimeters, with writing only on one side. The
wording is as follows: "Temporary Pass." "Citizen
is permitted to enter the factory grounds." "Date, v
." Signed by the director of the factory and the
personnel l office. The date of validity of these passes could
be extended. such a pass could be dupli- 25X1
cated very easily; furthermore, the guards do not pay too much
attention to the writing on these passes. All one has to do
is to be bold and he could walk in even with an invalid pass.
For people without passes the procedure is as follows: Person
states his business at the receiving office, and the clerk
there telephones the administrative office and gets,a verbal
clearance to issue a pass. With this pass one has to go past
the guard at the end of the receiving room and go to the
administrative office, and there have his pass confirmed. Once
this is done, you could go past the second guard at the low
wire fence and then be. free to cover the whole factory area.
(b) the fire fighting equipment is similar 25X1
in most factories an is limited to the regular\fire hydrant
outlet on the street and on the terrain of the factory (speci-
fic locations unknown) and to some hand extinguishers of the
foam type and the standard European.hand water pumps. Frequent
fire drills and fire prevention courses are connected with
antiaircraft instructions.
most of the wiring and the pipes are
exposed and run along the walls and under the ceiling in
bunches.
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-11-
SECTION C. Electronics Measuring Instrument Development and Production
1.
instrument factory (now PPAE) and the Chief of ZEPW_
friendship between the private owner of an electronics 25X1
All of Poland's electronics measuring instrument develop-
ment is presently being carried on at the PPAE (Pracownia
Prototypow Aparatow Elektryczn ch Zakladu Elektroenerge?4
tyki Politechniki WroclawskieJ) which is under the cur
isdiction of the Electrical Power Workshop of the Wroclaw
Institute of Technology (ZEPW). The PPAE's (Laboratory
for Prototypes of Electrical Measuring Devices) assign-
ment to ZEPW came about as a result of a personal
The PPAE was under Director Jan KOZUCHOWSKI.
The PPAE has three workshops in Warsaw:
a. The Central or the main laboratory of the PPAE is
located at Brudnowska 8. flee Encl. 1, section C7
The number of employees is approximately 70. It
occupies a separate two-story building with a
usable space of approximately 350 sq. m. This
building is a former synagogue. The central heating
boiler is located in the basement (a). The rear of
the building, (b), both on the ground, and the first
floor is occupied by private living quarters, The
mechanical workshop. with 25 employees is located on
the ground floor. Half of the first floor is occu-
pied by the laboratory, a quarter by the assembly
plant and the other quarter by the offices. The
production includes: electronic measuring instru-
ments and equipment to control the production of
radio and tele-technical instruments and tubes. The
basic character of this workshop is research, the,
development of new prototypes and a small unit pro-
duction. The consumers for these products are:
the tele-technical industry, technical institutes,
schools of higher learning and the Ministry of
Power. efer to Par. 2, for details on instruments
produced.
b. The branch at Kepna II. ee,Encl. 2, Section C2
This is a mechanical works op which employs approxi-
mately 12 people. Fnu ORLINSKI is in charge. The
area occupied by this workshop is approximately
120 sq, m. on the second floor of the building.
ee Encl. 1, Section C7 The first floor of this
building houses a workshop for the Postal Office.
One section of this building also houses a workshop,
which, under government supervision, manufactures
equipment for ladies' hairdressers, such as driers,
etc. The work done here augments that of the Cen-
tral, namely heavier, coarser, rough work on heavy
current machinery, such as the variacs (auto trans-
former), the rotating generators, etc.
C. Telecommunication Equipment Factory. The Weak
Current Devices Plant (Wytwornia Urxadzen Slaboprado-
wyoh - WUS), located at Zabkowska 40, See Encl. 3,
Section C This plant is under the direction of
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-12-
the PPAE. Its director is L IYNOWIC'Z _ M ec a ,a '. .a The number
of employees is approximately 40. The area occupied isapproxi-
mately 200 sq. in., bh the ground floor and the basement. The
work done here is typically tele-technical: relays, small
switchboards and equipment for testing of the production of
electronic tubes,and testing tables for strong current protection
relays.
2. The following list of instruments were developed and produced
in the main laboratory:
a. Decade Resistor Boxes
Four different types were made during the period of 1949 -
1953. Approximately 150 of these instruments were made and
delivered to the Polish industry and the military. The
decade boxes were capable of being continuously varied from
.1.CL to 104-L (accuracy I two per cent) and for use with fre-
quencies up to 50 kc.
b. Decade voltage Divider,,Type PPI
This divider is capable of sub-dividing voltages up to
300 v. and for use with frequencies The acour-
acy of the voltage steps is 0.2%. 25X1
c. High-Voltage Test Instrument
Three of the instruments were made and delivered to a fac-
tory in Warsaw. One was capable of testing condenser vol-
tages up to 3,000 v. and two were made for testing condenser
voltages up to 800 v. These instruments are of very small
importance.
d. Standard Signal Generators
Approximately 100 of these generators were made and
delivered to various Polish factories and institutes. She
technical specifications of this generator are forwarded
as incl. 4, Section 7.
R.C. Generator
25X1
Approximately 75 of these generators were produced between
1949 and 1953. Most of this number were delivered to Factory
.T3. Different types of tubes were used in the construction
of these generators. The best combination was the'one using
an EF 12 as the oscillator, EL5 as an oscillator and EZ4 as
the power rectifier. It was practically impossible for
Poland to manufacture EL5's, so the above combination equip-
ment was difficult to produce, hence the other tube combi-
nations were used* Sol, specifications for this equip-
ment are listed on 5. Section 97-
f. Standard R.C. Audio Frequency Generators
A total of 40 units were manufactured prior to 1953.. e'en
of these units used switches and 30 of these units utilized
push buttons. The resistors used in this equipment were made
in the PPAE laboratories since it was impossible to purchase
resistors of the required tolerance. Condensers used were
of the styroflex t Technical were obtained from old German World
War II equipment. Technical specifications of this equipment
are contained in Encl. 6, Section 27Q
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-13-
g. Audio Frequency Generator Type PO 7
Fifty of these generators were made and shipped to Polish factories
T3, T7 and L1 as well as various Polish institutes, The equipment
is continuously tunable with the frequency coverage being divided
into three ranges: 20 to 200 cycles, 200 to 2,000 cycles, and 2 kc.
to 20 kc. StyrofleX condensers, from old German equipment, and
"Kanthal" resistors were used in this equipment, ffech- 25X1
nical specifications are contained in _Encl. 7, Section 27,
h. Beat Frequency Oscillator
Only four of these oscillators were made. Three were delivered to
PIT while the fourth was delivered to an unknown Polish technical
high school. These oscillators were continually tunable from 0 to
40 ke. which was covered by two bands. This development was unimpor-
tant.. the technical specifications are forwarded as Encl. 8,
Section
I, Audio Frequency Vibrator Generator
Two of these vibrator-type generators were manufactured and delivered
to Polish Factory T3. These generators were to be used for testing
loudspeakers for the broadcast receivers being manufactured by T3.
Many of the components for these other generators and other electri-
ca1 instruments were made in the laboratory.-since accurate ones were.
not available on the open market and in general it was very difficult
to obtain instrument parts, Jee Encl. 9, Section C for technical
specifications of this genera orb?
j. Distortion and Noise Meter
Seventy of these meters were manufactured between 1949 and 1953.
These meters were delivered to Polish industry such as Factories T3
and Li. While these meters are extremely difficult to make, this
meter was considered to be a very good development and was one of the
best instruments developed by Source's laboratory, See Encl. 10,
Section C forteohnical specifications of this meter.
k. Vacuum Tube Voltmeter
This was a simple AC,'C meter employing three tubes, Sixty of the
instruments were manufactured between 1950 1953 and were sold to
various Polish factories as well as the Polish military. , L'ee
Encl, 11, Section C for technical specifications of the equipment ..
1, Millivoltmeters or Level Meters
Approximately 45 of these combination instruments were manufactured
during 1950 and 1951. They were built for T3, L1 and PIT. ,I5ee
Encl. 12, Section C for'the technical specifications of those instru-
meat s,_]
m. Impedance Bridge
Forty-five of these units were manufactured between 1950 - 1953 and
were delivered to T3, LI or PIT. No. new principles are incorporated
in this instrument; however, it was well known for its great accuracy.
Thi accuracy was obtained in spite of the poor quality components
used in its construction. `nal.. 13, Section C contains all of the
technical specifications of this bridge
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-14-
n. Power Output Meter
Twenty of these were produced in 1952 for. various
Polish factories and institutes. The input impedance
was variable in one'ohm steps ranging from 2.5 to
IO KSL. echnical specifications of this equipment
are listed in Encl. 14.7
o. Alternating Current Transformer Compensator
This instrument was designed to measure the accuracy
of electrical current transformers. Four of these
devices were made and delivered to the Polish.?actory
Al and to the Wroclaw ZEPW. flee Encl. 15, Section
C for technical data,~%
Wheatstone Bridges
Megohm Meters
Five were made, each of which utilized two EF6 tubes
and a-,-6X5 poWeV reotifier.
r. Refnotely Tuned Oscillators
s. An FM Audio Frequency Generator
To be used for telemetering.
3. TheWe'ak Current Devices Plant (Wytwornia Urzadzen
Slabopradowych - WUS) located at Zabkowska 40, is one of
the two branch plants under PPAE. Approximately 40
people are employed in this small plant which has an area
of approximately 200 sq. m. Small relays, switchboard-s
and test equipment for vacuum tubes are produced here.
-a. A total of 16 test benches for testing triode-heptode
and pentode tubes were fabricated. All of these
benches were produced for use by L1. Each of these
benches was capable of testing only one tube at a
time and required approximately three seconds for
the testing of each tube. Thirty more of these
benches, which were copies of the pre-war Philip.e.
tester, were ordered, but Ll
will have to build their own since the WUS is not
capable of building these while they maintain their
other production.
.b. In addition to the above test benches, WUS also
manufactured approximately six aging racks. Each
rack has a capacity of 300 tubes and is patterned
after the pre-war Phi1,ips, equipment.
a. Two test benches to test power protection relays
were made by WUS for a power laboratory in Katowice
and Zerw.
SECTION D. Radar Research in Poland
3. no radar development or production going 25X1
on in Poland, except that accomplished at T3. At T3 all
radar activity is accomplished on the seventh floor in
an area 50 x 50 m. This work is.overseen by a Soviet
ex-colonel who is presently a Polish citizen. This ex-
colonel, named SZULKIN`, at present teaches basic radar
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-15-
2.
as a professor at the Technical High School at Warsaw
and is a convinced
Communist-
~In September
instrument laboratory PPAE -Section C of
this report , delivered to SZULKIN's laboratory a 3,000
RPM constant speed generator capable of generating a
single phase, 6 kw. 500 cycle voltage and a three phase,
1.5 kw., 50 cycle voltage. This generator, with RPM's
constant to five per cent, was delivered at a cost of
60,000 zlotys and was to be driven by either a gasoline
driven or an electric driven motor. The original speci-
fications, obtained from the radar laboratory through
Master Engineer PINSKI, required that the generator have
a shaft extending from one end that 'was capable of having
a spark gap disk, 25 cm. in diameter, attached to it.
Source never saw this disk; however, PINSKI placed great
emphasis on the need for close tolerance in physical
dimensioning of the shaft.
PPAE completed the generator described above as well as
parts for a second generator identical to the one above. 25X1
These parts were delivered to the radar laboratory in
1952. A third generator was also to be made
laboratory PPAE did not wish to build any of the three
generators but was forced to by CZPT after SZULKIN had
pressed his desire. Finally PPAE agreed to design and
construct one generator and furnish the plans to the
'radar laboratory so they could have some other t
enerators number two and thr
SZULKIN will make certain that genera ors
two and three will be delivered during 1953.
Engineer PINSKI. PINSKI is employed full time at the 25X1
laborator
w
t P
b
f
y,
as a
e
IT
ore going to the radar labora-
tory in January 1952, and has a very high paving position-
SECTION E. Development and Production of Radio Receivers and Small
Transmitters
electronic instruments to T-:
laboratory supplied
-25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET 25X1
-16-
2. Identification Data:
Refer to Encl. 1, Section E, Site Layout, Poland's major producer
of broadcast receivers, military receivers, possibly military trans-
mitters and telephone filter pads, is a factory known as the Warsaw
.Radio Equipment Factory T-3, named Markin Kasprzak, (Zakiady Radiowe,
or Warszawskie Zakiady Wytworcze Urzadzen Radiowych), ul Kasprzaka,.
Warsaw, Poland.
3. Location:
This factory was located at the corner of Karolkowa and Kasprzaka
Streets. The main entrance was from Kasprzaka Street. This factory
was located-in the northwest section of Warsaw. This was not a con-
gested area, but did contain some scattered apartment buildings. The
Electric Lamp Factory, L-1 was located just a few hundred meters to
the northeast. Not too far away in a northwesterly direction was the
Main Warsaw Streetcar Barn (Glowne Remizy Tramwajowe na Mlynarskiej)
and also the Office of Urban Transportation (Zakiady Komunikacji
Miejskiej - ZKM) ui Mlynarska.
4. Administrative Data:
This factory operated under the Ministry of Machine Industry
(
Ministerstwo Przemyslu Maszynowego - MPM). It is directly under
4-U- A 2-A
Zarzad Przemvslu Te1Ptprhn1e,7.nAan CZPT). 25X1
controlled factories.. the directors were being chan
ed
g
half year. This was done for many reasons. one reason "25X1
a plant, directors were constantly being replaced and trying to
improve their production record in comparison with the old or dis-
carded (for inefficiency and industrial sabotage) former director.
No man was sure of his position, especially if the norms were not
met, and they could not be met under the circumstances because of
shortages of materials and lack of skilled technicians and adminis-
trators.
Operational Data:
a. Products produced by this plant included:
(1)
amplifier, and EBL21 duo diode beam power tetrode as the
second detector, audio amplifier, AVC tube, an EFM 21 as a
magic eye tube and an AZ11 as a power rectifier. This
Broadcast Band; Home Type, Receiver (AGA-BALTIC)
This AM superhet~"dyrw receiver covered three bands, 150 -
400 ko., 6oo 1,600 kc., and 6 - 18 megacycles. It is a
five=tube, six-stage receiver utilizing an ECH-21 triode.
heptode as a mixer-oscillator, and ECH-21 as an IF and AP
Polish consume on and sells for 1,800 zloty (approximately
$450). Many difficulties are being experienced with the
obtaining of vacuum tubes and component parts for this
receiver. In 1952 - 1953 production of this receiver had
temporarily dropped 50% due to the above difficulties.
They are now producing these receivers even though there
aren't tubes for them.
(2) Broadcast Band, Home Type, Receiver (Great AGA)
This AM superheterodyne receiver is the same as the AGA-
BALTIC except for the output stage. This receiver has two
EBL 21'tubes in push-pull, rather than the single-ended
Baltic receiver. The cost of this receiver is unknown;
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-17-
however, it"is bought only by state institutes and city
governments.
Military Receivers
T3 manufactures receivers based on a Soviet license.
it was very queer, an a
source o amusemen , a- a receiver chassis and mechan-
ical parts were` of the 'English type dimensions rather than
th6 metric e
a high priority had been assigned
for the production of these receivers.
(4) Military Transmitters
These transmitters are believed to have a frequency coverage)
of approximately three megacycles to 15 megacycles. They
have a low-powered output, probably less than 100 w., and
use onl tubes roduced at Ll. 25X1
(5) 'Audio Amplifiers
These poor quality amplifiers are of native design and are
to be used for public address systems. They use a KT66
tube, which is similar to the 6L6 and has a maximum output,
of 25 w. They can easily be eascrded. The equipment uses
very poor quality speakers produced at Wrzesnia. The pro-
duction of these amplifiers is to be moved from T3 whenever
a factory is found which will accept the job.
(6) Audio Filters
T3 is presently producing some powdered iron type filters
for installation in military telephone pads The amount of
reduction is 25X1
ery small n e ese pow ere ron sores are pr nc -
pa y taken from old German equipment. There is no produc-
tion of ferrox cube, such as there is at Philip-:p,..or
powdered iron torr,Di.c ,9. such as there is in West" Germany,
made in Poland. At the present time, the Warsaw Technical
High School is the. only laboratory doing research work on
powdered iron cores, and they are doing a very small amount.
(7) Selenium Rectifiers
A,,amall number of selenium rectifiers are being manufactured
by T3. The selenium plates are being obtained from East
Germany since Poland is incapable of manufacturing its own.
The same is also true for copper oxide plates for rectifiers.
It may be possible that the manufacture of these rectifiers
had been transferred to Fabryka Wzmacniaczy in Bielawa.
the quality was very poor. 25X1
b, Input Material:
(1) Native raw materials: (a) Aluminum, iron, brass, copper,
zinc (plates and wires; (b) Bakelite and other i u 1.ation.
materials; (c) Lacquer for tff6ulatlon~, and nitro and oil_
paints.
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-18-
Native semi-finished` roducts and components.* (lectronic tubes
from l resistors and condensers mica and Eec from'. T-4
in`Krakow ;' potentiometers (carbon and ;'Wire)'from T-4; tube.,
Sockets from Dzierzon ~ow"; and finally screw - R,.u w... are
inextremely short supply in Poland. i 25X1
approximately June 1953, the Polish Governien a to pass a
.Special Act`to procure 'a sufficient amount of Mr (four milli-
meters) screws for Kowa Huta.
(3) Imported materials: electrolytic capacitors _:.;; from -25X1
Czechoslovakia; pol'ystyren:~oondensers from DDR; iron dust cores,
some electronic tubes, copper oxide rectifiers and, selenium
rectifiers, all from DDR.
(4) there is in Poland a tremendous lack of 25X1
materials and component parts, such as: main mass resistors
(glowne oporniki masowe)? small component parts such as small
screws, unions (laczowkij, (galki), tube bases (podstawki
lapowe); etc. At T3 there was a greet shortage of materials
and basic components necessary in the production of receivers
and transmitters and T3 is required to sell its broadcast
receivers without tubes due to the great shortage of vacuum
tubes. This shortage carries over. into all types of items, with
small metal screws being practically impossible to obtain. In
addition to the shortage of materials, there is also a shortage
of test and calibration instruments.
(5) It was impossible for PPAE to make all of the test equipment
required by T3. Because of shortages in equipment and elec-
tronic measuring instruments necessary for the control of the
production, many of-these had to be made at the factory (T-3)
itself. Engineer ZARNECKI is in charge of this department and
had approximately 20 engineers and technicians designing and
producing test equipment to be used at T3. They made poor
quality volt-amp meters and other very simple instruments.
The instruments were of poor quality, due bath to bad materials
and poor engineers.
(6)
'bui
uhder the supervision of an engineer in which equipment ispro-
duoed%for their own use, such as: rectifiers, high frequency
oscillators for high tension isolation tests, control instru-
ments for oscillator coils, and other minor instruments. The
following is a listing of test equipment delivered to T3 by
PPAE:
(a) Twenty signal generators, type PG2. These generators.,
covered a frequency range of five kilocycles to five.gQ-
cycles, had a variable output from .5 microvolts to 10
millivolts, a fixed one-volt output and an 800 cycle
modulation voltage capable of X being varied from 0 to'
80%. The generator uses a 6L6 as an oscillator, an..EL2
as a broad band amplifier, a 6C5 as a k00-cycle modulator
and an AZ11 as a power rectifier.
(b) Eight signal generators, with push-button tuning, were
delivered in 1953. There were two different models
delivered. One type had 14 pish button frequencies, not
crystal controlled. The second type had eight crystal
controlled frequencies. The crystal frequencies were
15.2 mega., 6 mega., 1.6 mega., 1 mega., 600 ke., 465 kc.,
175 kc., and an unknown frequency.
SECRET
25X1
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
(e) A:.bridge type"voltmeter"whichutilizes one triode: A
very small number of these instruments were delivered.
c. Utilities:
25X1
Eleotricity is received from an outside source exclusively,
namely from the Warsaw City Power Plant'. ' ' There is a transformer
station in the building and steps'down'5,OOO v. into 220/380 v.
d. Shipping and Storage:
No railway siding present. All shipment done by trucks.
6. Plant Capacity and Output:
Unknown.
Labor Conditions:
the labor force to be approximately 6,000 total, 25X1
and that three shifts per day, six days a week were possibly worked.
The laboratory worked only one shift.
8. Plant Security:
There are no fences or walls around the front of the building.
The factory 25X1
u ng se is heavily guar de with women and men guards, armed
with rifles at all entrances. The guards belong to the Industrial
Guard Service, which is a distinct and separate organization having
no administrative connection with the plant it guards. All visitors
have to phone the individual they want to see from the waiting room.
The given person has to obtain a written pass from the director
(only three officials were authorized to sign. these passes) and then
bring this pass down to the waiting room and present it to.the
reception desk (portiernia). After checking the visitor's Service
Identity Card.(Legitimacja Sluzbowa), the receptionist would then
issue a pass"on a sheet of paper torn from a block. This pass would
permit the.visitor to move freely in the office building but did
not give him access to the main factory building itself. The main
factory building is considered extremely sensitive.
Description of Factory Building:
The T.-3 Factory is a large building consisting of two adjoining
sections, namely an eight-story office building and a five-story
factory building. The factory building is approximately 200 x 50 m.
It is'newly built as of 1948 - 1951. It is concrete reinforced,
covered with cream colored plaster. It is a modernistic box type
construction.
a. Conference Hall: an oval shaped, auditorium type hail with a
large conference table and approximately 50 seats. It is built
basically on a Soviet concept of security. The hall is on the
first floor, separated from the office building by'an enclosed
corridor and built on columns, covering the main entrance.
Consensus of opinion is that hall was built in this^manner so
as vo prevent any unauthorized persons observing or overhear
tug the proceedings of the conference.
b. Eieht-Story uildin
SECRET
25X1
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-20-
(1) Second Floors 66ntain6'the Offices of the Tech-
nical rector and/or the Head Engineer.
(2) Third Ploorii contains. the ?Pa aater's office
re era -pace). 25X1
25X1
(3) Fourth Floor: contains the laboratories for the
electronic instruments . Here they produce a
number of instruments for their own use, such
as; rectifiers, high frequency oscillators for
high tension isolation tests, control instruments
for oscillator coils, and other minor instruments.
(4) Seventh Floor: has been rumored to be super
secret. and to contain experime.ptal. labora-
tories, which are under the direction of Professor
SZULKIN who is conducting experiments and work
on radar and radar interference equipment.
SECTION F: Development and Production of Electronic Component Parts in
van
1. In general, Poland's component development and manufac-
turing capability is very poor. The Polish factories
are incapable of producing enough quality components to
satisfy Poland's requirements. Therefore, many components
must either be made by the various laboratories that
require the components or they must be imported. Most
of the imported components come from East Germany
25X1
25X1
2. Condensers:
ao
(a) Mica and paper condensers are made at Polish
Factory T-7, located in Krakow. The mica condensers
are of good quality, have silver contacts, and can
be bought in Polish radio shops. The source of mica
is unknown Paper condensers made at 25X1
T-7 are of very poor quality, improperly sealed, and
very large.
(b) Large paper condensers, oil condensers, and conden-
'
sers for fluorescent bulbs are made at a T-
lant
in Lodz. 25X1
all condensers made ere are or very poor 25X1
quality.
(a) There are no styroflex condensers or miniature con-
densers produced in Poland at the present time. In
about 10 years, such production should take place at
T-7. There are no paper condensers, made by the
process of spraying metal on paper.
s
(d) Most'of the paper used in producing a er conden 725X1
is obtained from East Germany. 25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-21-
Resistors:
(a) All mass production of Polish-made resistors is
carried on at T-7 in Krakow. These resistors are
principally of the sprayed carbon type and are not
baked. They are extremely unstable with variations
of temperature an are continually changing value
with age, vaporized carbon 25X1
resistors may be produced by 1954. Some wire resis-
tors are made at T-7. These usually are in the
five to 30 w. range and ate rather large.
(b) No temperature compensating or high-temperature
resistors are made in Poland.
(c)
the resistors were of poor quality.
4. Potentiometers:
(a) All Polish potentiometer mass production,is carried
on by plant T-7. Both carbon and wire types are made.
The carbon type is of very poor qualit since the
carbon granules used are very coarse. 25X1
(b)
Most of the otentiometers are of such poor quality
electronics instruments laboratory
was forced to make its own.
SECTION G. Construction of a New Electronics Instrument Factory in Poland
1. In August 1951 old 25X1
factory that cou be converted into an electronics
instrument plant. This old factory was to have a. floor
space ofapproximately 3,000 sq. m. Upon finding this
building recommendations which would 25X1
allow production to begin by January 1952, F_ I
25X1
(since CZPT, at this time, recommended
that a new ns ruments factory be constructed.
2. The new plan was requested by Ing. T'IEI, technical
director of the CZPT. The first phase of planning was to
be accomplishe and called for the designing of 25X1
a new factory capable o employing 600 to 800 people and
annually producing eight million pre-war zloty worth
of instruments. This would amount to approximately 24
million present-day zloty and would amount to the pro-
duction of 2,500 units. instrument laborato 25X1
was to be incorporated into the new factorv
the
.panne factory must employ 2,000 workers and produce
approximately 20 million zloty, worth ahd whhted..'it added to
the current six-year plan which s in 1955?
e u ing would be 25X1
naorpora e n o the five-year plan of 1955 to 1960.
3. The second step, that of estimating the requirement for
so many instruments, was to be accomplished by the follow-
ing group of people.
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET 25X1
-22-
Ing. TERLECKI (from PPAE)
Ing. WROBLEWSKI (from PPAE)
Ing. WASILEWSKI (from PPAE)
Ing. KUHNEL (from PPAE)
Ing. MROKOWSKI (from Prozamet)
Ing. KOMENDA (from CZPT)
Ing. FALZMANN (from CZPT)
This second phase was not to be completed until December
1953. The preliminary recommendations were for the con-
struction of a new factory at the corner of Washington
and Saska Streets in Warsaw. There is an unused area of
100 x 300 m. at this location. The Ministry for Machinery
stated that Poland could not wait this long for a new
instrument factory and that the board would have to find
an existing building to serve as an interim measure. The
board then decided that a dress factory in Warsaw Prague
could be used to turn out 5,000 instruments annually and
that production could start here by 1955. Later produc-
tion could be transferred to the new building. 25X1
The third phase called for the actual construction and
equipping of the new plant. it 25X1
will be impossible for any instruments, other than those
produced at PPAE, to be produced in Poland prior to the 25X1
summer of 1955. This is true even of production that is
carried on at the silk plant. In any event
all instruments made between now and 19b0 will 25X1
e or very poor quality. By 1958, Poland should be able
to produce enough instruments to supply their own re uire-
ments and by 1965 they should be of good quality. 25X1
52 different types be produce 25X1
by but this suggested number was increased by PKPG.
5. One of the greatest problems that will have to be solved
before Poland can have a good instruments factory is
that of personnel. That is the main reason they wanted
PPAE as a nucleus to build around. In 1954 a section of
the Technical High School, Warsaw, is to be concerned
with the training of 10 engineers for the development of
test instruments. This training is to be the start of a
permanent plan.
None of the equipment for the new plant has been ordered.
to date. All of it will have to be imported, probably
from East Germany About two years is 25X1
required to obtain such equipment once it is ordered.
SECTION H. History of the State Telecommunications Institute Panstwow
ns u Te a omun ac n - PIT) and of the State Tele and
a o ee n ea Works ans wowe a s Te a Radio
ec n czne - PZT)
1. The PIT existed from before World War II until 1951. It
was located in a large, special two-story building in
Warsaw on Ratuszowa Street, No. 11. During this period
the director was Professor GROSZKOWSKI. The Army
Research Institute for Engineer Matters was also part
of the Institute until 1939. The mission of this
Institute was to find new developments, in the teletech-
nical and radio technical fields and to control the
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
working frequencies used by the Polish radio. After the war (after
1945)'the PIT and the PZT were both located in the building at 11
Ratuszowa Street and Professor GROSZKOWSKI served as advisor to both.
-23-
SECRET 25X1
2. History of PZT:
The PZT was originally located on Grochowska Street in its own
building which was destroyed during the war. During the war, PZT
was called Fernmeldetechnische Staats-Werke. About 1948, the PZT
ceased to exist and its personnel and equipment were moved to a
factory building on 26 Stepineka Street where they were combined
with the personnel and equipment of the. Standard Electric Company.
The combination was designated as the T-1 Factory, High Tension
Equipment Factory. The head director was Engineer KIELAN and the
head engineer RASZBA.
Production of T-1:
T-1 produced audio frequency amplifiers for radio distribution
points and power supplies for telephone switchboards and for accum-
ulator charging. Some work was also being conducted on carrier
telephony but lack of materials precluded satiibfaotory results.
T-13 Factory:
Receiver Factorryy T-13, a branch of T-1, was started at 13 3tepinska
Street.about 1948. This was the location of the firm "Magnet
whose proprietor, POLAWSKI, has since died. The production of this
factory was confined to the popular AGA radio receiver which was
based on Swedish license. The technical director was Engineer
HUTNIK, a PZPR member.
T-3 Factory:
After construction of the T-3 building on Kasprzaka Street in 1950,
both T~-l and T-13 moved into it. The buildings vacated by T-1 and
ineka Street were occupied by a party directors' school
Ste
p
T-13 on
and boarding school and also by a middle teletechnical school.
After PZT was moved out of the building in which it had been lo-
cated with ?IT, i.e., about 1948, .the PIT was partially expanded
and a new institution, the Central Construction Bureau for Tele-
communications (Centralne Biuro Konstrukoyjne Telekomunikacii
CBKT) was formed. The.mission of the CBKT was to develop proto-
types of teletechnical and radio technical apparatuses which were
then produced by factories, the Engineer RAJSKI was head director
for a long time. 25X1 "nnem .
were
t
9 -
In 9
,new institutes which occupied the same building: the Industrial
Telecommunications Ipstitute (Przemyslowy Instytut Telekomunikaoii -
PIT) and the Telecommunications Institute (Institut Lacznosci - IL).
The Industrial Telecommunications Institute is under the Ministry
of the Machine Industry while the Telecommunications Institute is
under the Ministry of Post and Telegraph. Lffeference to Encl..1,
Section H, Location of PIT, IL and CBKT Bui din and Encl. 2,
Section H. Area in Immediate Building Vicinityd
s o e
the activities and resul
25X1
r
1950 the PIT ceased to exist. It was replaced by two
Enclosures:
Section A
1. Structure of Telecommunications Industry in Poland
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET 25X1
-24-
Enclosures (Cont'd):
Section B
1. Sketch of Electric Lamp Factory, L-1
Sketch of the Fourth or Fifth Floor of the Electric Lamp
Factor . L-1
Section C
1. Sketch of PPAE Main Laboratory
2. Sketch of PPAE Mechanical Workshop
3. Sketch of Weak Current Devices Plant
4. Standard Signal Generators
5. R.C. Generators (Small Types)
6. Standard R.C. Audio Frequency Generators
7. Audio R.C. Generator (Large Type) Type P07
8. Beat Frequency Oscillators
9. Audio Frequency Vibrator Generator
10. Distortion and Noise Meter
11. ketch of Vacuum Tube Voltmeter
12. Milllvoltmeters and Levelmeters
13. Impedance (RLC) Bridge
14. Power Output Meters
15. Alternating Current Compensator for Measurement of Current
Transformers Accuracy
Section E
1. Sketch of Top View of T-3 Radio Factory
Section H
1. ketch of Location of PIT, IL, and CBKT Building
ketch of Area in Immediate Building Vicinity
SECRET
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 &-PSPG (Panstwova K iisja Planowan Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
State Comission for Economic Plan-
R Panstwova Rada Tele tnikacyjna
State Telecomaunication Council
33-WK (Ministerstro Prseepsln Maszynovego)
Ministry of Machine Industry
C-CZPT (Centralisy Zarzad Prsearys1u lelekaannikaecyjaego)
Central Administration for the TeleconnnuricatiotIisdustry
1-CM (Centralise Binro Ionstrukcyjne Teleko 1nikacji)
Central Bureau for Telecommmnications Constriction
2-PIT (Przeyrslory Instytut Telekannikacji)
Industrial Telecomaisications Institute
3 3-Zaklady Badiowe I.E. Martina Kasprzaka -
Warssava
Radio Bquipwnt Factory T 3 name Marcina
Iasprzaka - Warsaw -
1-L 1-Zaklady Vytworcze Lamp llektrycznych in.
Rosy Lukseiourg - Warszawa
Alectric Lamp Factory L 1 named Rozy
Lukeemburg - Warsaw
5-T 7-Zeklady tlytworcze Podzespolov
Telekammnikacyjnych - Iriakow
Telecomoanication Components Factory
Krakow
W 6-! f-I'abryka Teleterhniczna w Lodsi
a Telecommmuication 1iuipnent Factory-Lodz
T-__T t-Fabryka Wzsacniaczy V Bielavie
Radio Equipment Factory in Bielavie
8-T t-Fabryka Odbiornikov w Dzierzoniowie
Radio equipment Factory in Dziersonior
9-Szereg Innych Fabryk Teletechnicznych i
RaCiotechnicznych
Many other Teletecbnical and Rediotechnical
Factories
10-Fabryka Glosnibow
Loudspeaker Factory
to
W
n
H
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
.-20- .
ENCLOSURE 7., SECTION B:
Sketch of Electric Lamp Factory L-1
Siedmiogrodska Street
I
Thib part -i11 be ; y
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-27-
ENCLOSURE 1, SECTION B (CONT'D):
LEGEND
Pt. # 1. Wall: brick or reinforced concrete; white-washed, 2j M.
Fi h, solid, running along at least two sides of the
factory compound.
# 2. Pedestrian Gate: standard size door, probably wooden,
coverer w some sort of a tin or metal plate, with a
porthole. In this porthble is an almost moon-shaped thick
armor glass, 25 x 15 cm., which came from a submarine port-
hole. Source thinks that the use of a thick glass plate
is incidental.
Truck Gate: this gatel
s use or m or raf`f is oti car and truck.
25X1
Porter's Office: information and Issuing of passes. Usually
one person limited intelligence) present.
# 5. Waiting-and Receiving Room: the first guard stand: at the
end o s room.
# 6. Administrative Buildin : the office of the head director
and personnel section are located here.
# 7. Low Wire Fence: with a gate and second guard.
# 8. Main Factory Buildi : seven or eight stories high. This 25X1
it a modern u. in 1949 1951) concrete reinforced
k with a covering of piaster .t k .
ee Le end o nc . , e .
this build ng,
is approx ma e y rec angu ar 5 x 25 m? The
sketch indicates also the proposed 1/3 addition at the south
end
# 9. Shed
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SEt87-- T
-
ENCLOSURE 2, SECTION B:
Sketch of Fourth or Fifth Floor of the Electric Lamp Faotory, L-125X1
L, ..r .aa .00.wr' -mj
0
,m~ p...,r. = - , ...... mmmw rrrr. ~rwr.r .yi+r*
20 - 25 M.
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-29-
ENCLOSURE 2, Section B (CONT'D):
LEGEND
Plan of the Fourth or Fifth Floor
Pt. # 1. Double Stairway: crisscrosses itself.
# 2. Lavatories.
# 3. Office Space: occupied by the head construction engineer
and the chief of the laboratory (two people).
# 4. Laborator : responsible for the control and testing of
experimental and sample production tubes. Produces some
locally needed testing instruments, such as, oscillograph;
wave meters, oscillators etc.
# 5. Production Space.
# 6, English Ma`hinery: used to wind the grids on se
veral types
or electronic-receiving tubes.
# 7, Spot Soldering Equipment: used on the main insi
de part of
e tubes.
# 8. Automats (Holland Type) (automats) (Karugelowe): used in
pumping the tubes. Recently arrangements Were being made
to buy out the plans and blue rants for this e of a ui
ment from
# 9.
Testing Tables:
przebicie).
NOTE: This particular phase or link is considered
be the main bottleneck of the whole factory
# 10.
SECRET
a. Testing of Triode-heptode
b. Testing of Pentode
e. Preheating apparatus, this to assist in the testing
d. Maximum output-or limits of endurance (rainy trwalosci
lamp prostujacych)
e. Others, such as for (cokolowanie) and then also for the
testing of the puncture of breakdown point (badanie na
This factory had ordered
19 new es ing abler because the old ones were in very
bad shape.. These new tables are to be produced in the WUS
shop. mechanical) speaking, these new
tables w e u o ar
the a vo -meters at will be
used will be produced in A-3, Wlochy near Warsaw.
S
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET 25X1
-30-
ENCLOSURE 1, SECTION C:
Sketch of PPAE Main Laboratory
(Tot to scale)
?PA'S on Brudnoweka S, Warsaw, Poland
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-31-
ENCLOSURE 2, SECTION C:
Sketch of PPAE Mechanical Workshop
(Not to scale)
PPIJ on Kepna 11, Warsaw, Poland
SECRET
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
ET
5R-
s"CZ SVR 3, SECT
ION
C:
Ske~oh of Weak Cux~z*e~t
Depioee flat
Trot to Scats)
Zsbkoryy,
? Mar*ar, PoI Dd
Zabkortlrs Street
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
ENCLOSURE 4, SECTION Cz
Standard Signal Generators
o tsPK
k+ k+
C+ 4
.. 00
?
1~-d o Vt
o
0
a
Y?
SECRET
SECRET
-33-
4
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
ENCLOSURE 5, SECTION C:
R,C. Generators (Small Types)
't'M r4 #4
aI!Q 4
da"k 4 N
0 0 0
.1~
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SE3RRET
ENCLOSURE 6, SECTION C:
Standard R.C. Audio Frequency Generators
Q 0
A it
r4 N
--~II~~ RRXR~
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SE3RET
ENCLOSURE 7, SECTION C;
Audio R.C. Generator (Large Type) Type P07
~. w
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-37-
ENCLOSURE 8, SECTION C:
Beat Frequency Osgl.llatore
a F+ hf
palm
Zd ? 1 71~- y
1
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-38-
ENCLVS RE 9, SECTIO Cw
Audio Frequency Vibrator Generator
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-39-
ENCLOSURE 10, SECTION C:
Lis~ortion and Noise Meter
r
0
w v r
02 04. 0
W 0100
0 8 `
a m
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
-40-
ENCLOSURE 11, Section C:
Sketch of Vacuum Tube Voltmeter
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
ENCLOSURE,. 13i. ,SECTION C:
Impedance (RLC) Bridge
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SEORET
,- 3-
ENCLOSURE 14, SECTION. C:
PQwer.Output Meters
a
4BOR.ET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SE9RET
44-
ENCLOSVRE 150 SECTION C:
Alternating Current Compensator for Measurement of.Current Transformers,
Accuracy
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SEC RET
ENCLOSURE 1, SECTION E:
Sketch of Top View of T-3 Radio Factory
30- 50
=arolkova Street
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SE IRET
ENCLOSURE 1f SECTION H:
S1cetoh of Location of PIT, IL, and CBKT.Building 25X1
Building Ratussows 11
Warsaw, .-Poland
(Tot to scale).
SECRET
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
 Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1
SE RET
- 7-
3 NC 13E 2, SECTION H:
ketch of Area in Immediate Building Vicinity
.SECRET
25X1
Approved For Release 2009/08/05: CIA-RDP82-00046R000300140002-1