SOVIET ATOMIC DEFENSE TRAINING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000400480011-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 18, 2009
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: June 17, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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Approved For Release 2009/09/18 :CIA-RDP82-000468000400480011-3
This material contains Information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Lags, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which to any manner to an unairthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY i~SSR~Austria ~ Saviet Zo:rxe
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
r r~ r ! r ~ ? r r~ r
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
JUN 17 1955
REQUIREMENT NO. RD
REFERENCES
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
25X1
~?
instead. of zarazhoniye ves~ic~estva.~ may ~e noted, however, that
In paragraph 7, read zarazherA~~ veshchestva ~contamina.t;ed particles;
does not use the term
by radioactive particles..
2ars.zhenz.yye ves c es va, hu spea s o ra ~oaktivn e veshchestva
radioactive partieles~, radioaktivn~o e zarazheniyeradioactive
contamination~j, and zarazheri e radioaktivnymi veshcYiestvami (cantamiT~atior:
2. Figure 7 is on page 19 of the Soldiers' axzd Sergeants' Flandbook on Atomic
C- _t_V-F-T'-D- _ ~-,,~_ _ _l,
Defense not on page 3 as sate in paragraph of the 25X1
attached report.
25 YEAR
RE-REVIEW
STATE ARMY _ ~
ARMY review completed.
~~- -~81-- ~- ---AEC--C__.-L.~~---
(Note: Washington distribotion indicated by "X"; Pielr#
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w.. fR
ca.1,r~I~ , xAL
COUNTRY- USSR/Austria (Soviet ~4ne~
SU67fCT Soviet At~amic Defense Tx~ining
DATE OF INFORMATI~UN
PLACf ACOUIRfD
THIS IS UMfWALUAT~D INFORA4ATION
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DATE D#STR ~5 lwtay 1955
I~ c~ ~s 5
R~NCES:
About June 1954,
he 93d Sep
Security Bn at S _ _ ~ ,~ ,^
e z an u no Zas chi e Atomno~o Oruzhiya
~- --r....N ~-~ ~.~~ a~.~uiers ~ an4 Ser Banta' Ha oo ~ on Atomic I)efen$e
~A.111YLit~CB Soldatu i S r
were toi bg the Ca that eve UJ
a ersonal co ryone would eventually receive
P py and. would have to study it .from cover to cover".
-The handbook was about 12 centimeters wide and 1~4.~4 to 15.6 centimeters
long, with a. binding, the color of which was similar to that of a manila
envelope with grayish bla;k spots,
an edition of a handbook w>~~r,
""rte=i ??A.~ l/11.LC:KE"'L? Lnan 'Gl1e Soldiers' and.
Ser cants' Handbook and ita binding was light blue
I
o roops n sun
/The CC
o remember well what he read to
the officers' handbook because he had the ot~l e~ it
~w~'
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Some time in June 195
against such action,
~-fl~.L~I~IBL
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~or~~~ENTZAL
~~-
Unie raining Program
~. A11~trainin 25X1
!3 was conducted by the corripany Cp, the
three platoon s, and the nine sergeants in c-barge of the nine squads
making up t;he company, The daily training aohedule balled for about
eight hourtn of border guard dutya eight hours of rest, and three to
four hours of. training,- The rest of the day was devoted to housekeeping
details, m~eala,_zand miacellaneoua duties. In order to ccamgly with
this schedule, three squads, one out of each of the three platoons,
would be on border guard duty, three aq~ae,da would rest, and the three
remaining squads would -train or perform details. 'The training schedule
waa very s~renuo~s, becau~e ; a~ct~d~~o~pf~topebi~~.~s~i~i t~~pa~ ~rbulgT,rQOmeci~~~.~.d
19oone~.'c.~o37~; acter~? anc~ the {.ha the "re a ee:~3o~rnit~;~:: .According tv .the
officers, the USSR,- "was' surrounded by aggressive capitalistic countries".
The unit trair7ing schedule called for two hours of political training
twice a week, one or two hours of marksrnianehig training and firing
twice a week, one or two hours of ehem~t~al warfare training once every
two weeks., ?ne hour of physical training two or three times a week,
f~,rst aid training once a year, two or three hours of border guard,
training once a week, distance estimation twice a m?nth, and two to
four hours,t~f tactical training three c}r four times a week.
E?~m~h~~,si__ s ors; gaining with Atomic Irn~lications
The greatea~t emphasis in the training program, however;' waa'plaoed on
tactical t7+aining, ~ which waa held three or four ti~-es a week, each
period lasting Q~+om two to four hours.... Beginning about June 195r+,
all tactical training- was conducted from. an` atomic point of vi?w,. ar
sla~'~ted tuward^ e.tomin ~Ar~r.r.
:~tor~ic det'ense training ~sonaisted ~ of class leotures
,.~.,..J ,_~ ..~- --~ ..
---r-. ~=r+ -~~ YM.~ sir v.. iY'VVNIiV ~llii'i.?i"Q' -gQi'1'J
not ~iohedu~led -reguldrly; ra~-dts~esthey occurred ass much'. air once or
twice a week; but, in eom? casa~s, sn anti"re week would go by without
such a lecture. The leeturetw lasted about one hour sash and they
were, aI~ foas,ed on readings fr~am the Soldier~r' and Sergeants' Handbook
f Allowed b ~..---~---~---,.------
,p a question and ataswer per o
7. The tactical t:t!aining Mom gitiren on a platoon level with three sgt~ade
participating, It appeared t~~o be based on ''the rules laid doera~ in the
Soldi re' and weer cants' k. .The greFatest emphasis eras plaQed
on~'eac ng o attack uu3der atomic warfare' condi- 25X1
flops, that 1s., o a aQ ~ a ter an atom bomb had been exploded.
During this training,. trainees sere usually-simply told verbally where
the enemy's atom bossb haQ been exploded. However, during one training
period, red and green flares were used. Redl flares signified the
explosion of atom bombs, xhile green flares signified that the-soldiers
were tv start or resume the.~sttack. ~Ihile training, soldiers donned
capes Qr sheets, Shiem 1 gas masks,. and impr~~egnated stockings. 25X1
unit was told by its officer instructor that the cape and the gas mask
v~ould afford protection frost radioactive pari.icles (zarazhoniye veah-
ehestva -contaminated partj.cles). They sait't that blast and shock
proteestion could be gained et~nly from shelterl98? treyaches, stt~ps, and,
to a certain extent, from aet~sua~aing~ a prone pc,`sitimn.
.Soldiers ~r~g trenches and fco~,uh0les which xere~ similar 25X1
to the ones c seer a on page ~~ of the Soldi.ere' and Ser cants' ~iand-
book. They als? btailt an a,ir raid and a~in'rc; a enaee. s e er mr e
en re oompany, The ahelte,r was built in then fQSaas of ~n open trench,
trvo meters deep, . vrith dugo~r,ts for .ten .peopled The shelter was similar
to tkae one described on page 3, figure 7 of the 9oldi,ers' and Sergeants'
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c?~~x~~r~TIAZ .
I3an ok. Tha shelter was bu~.lt .about ~'une 1954,1
x n poor condition and to a great extent ruined by rain.
9. The training in atomic daps-:yea ~.n~Suded inetructic~ns and practice ot~
hox to leave a contain Hated ar a. iTnder the platoon leader~~'d super-
vision, troops had to leave a eia~ulated contaminated
area, take off a h air clothing and pile it on the ground. They
kept only their underwear and ,gas raaasks. Then they xould pick up
the discarded clothing and weapons one by one and. beat these xith
either sticks or rwt,:tches in the direction in which the rind was
blQxing. Subsequently they xould wipe oft with rater, grata, or
cotton waste the exposed parts of the body and the outside of their
weapons. Finally, they would take off their gas masks and ripe them
off in the tame manner. Then they xould get dressed again. The
platoon leader explained that under actual battle conditions, an un-
known type of salve would be used to ripe exposed body parts and ,,,,...
weapons. r'
10. Soldiers once occupied a simulated defensive
porition on a ou r ~ r ?s a a forest. After they were told that
reinforoemants and supplies were being cant forward to then tram
the rear and that an enemy atomic blast was s
the soldiers nro
Iplatoon went to a test firing rangge located
in the immediate vicinity of breirsigaoker (N 50-33, E 10-24) in
order to undergo a rhort one-hour test in atomic taat3oal training.
The test war conducted by an unia/rntified artiTlarv rna.ior and do
unidentified art
During the to ,~; a con cons s ing
of about d men strain le about 100 meters frc~a a 54 meter long
phain trench, M~bod~tt~.onet~.,met+rr dee~~~i~~that,, ~xar ~on~.~::tb~rr~~~~~~~~rin~g~~?~~ahgq~~.q~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~
.The ~=then- oaouppS~d the trench. to front of it thsr? sere
reaera~`'~e elterr oomphetely covered with earth, ?aah capable of holding
about five roldirrrj there rheiterr co~arnunioated directly with the
trrr,ah. About three oosnmunication trencher located in bask of the
forward trench aonver ed at one point where there might have bean
another rhelter ooaup~ed by a platoon leader. Squad iradara reported
to the platoon 00 for orders by meant of there oommunioation trencher.
dome of the roldierr 1ud 91~dr, about l0 roldiere had ca~rbiner, and
three roldierr had L1~Qr. 'fhe ma,~or simply obrerved, while the reniar
lieutenant announced verbklly a rimu~ated atomic explosion. Thir
annovnoemsnt war transmitted by source's platoon leader to the platoon
through squad leaden . The soldiers then went into the shelters in
two'r and three's and donned the usual protective clothing, i. a.,
caper or rheets, gar marks, and stockings. They .then. resumed their
poritionr ire the trenches. Three roldiars, each carrying two large.
targetr, appeared out of the xooded area about 1 0 ~aetsrs in front
of them, simulating three ene~- squads. latoan fired.. 25X1
ble~nk shells at them and then walked out a e s mutated car~tam-
mated area and took oft all their protective ofothing and outer
uniforms. They then went through the above-described ~srocess of
decontaminating their clothing and weapons. else ~a:~~er 25X1
gave their performance a high rating.
C4~iFI'~3F1+~TIAL
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C?NFIDTNTIA~,
_L}~
Individual Ohemical and I3ad~iolo ical Defense E ui ment
o y and reached down to the ankles. ~ It 25X1
z~ore or' less followed the contour of head and shoulders (see sketch
on pag,~; 5 ~ , The cape was laced. in front b ns of about four
~aairs ~~ ~~na~ 1Vot all t1A men had
a
12. The cape (nakidka,, made out of a whitish i~apregnated materi81,
covered the head and b d
c
pes. Some, 25X1
had another t37 e O ~"a.ne nr t9rnf-mni~iv~ nti.~~.~
13.
g
per~aitted i'b,, to be spread on the ground ~~ore
earsily. ..Soldiers used it either :as a cape or as a protective sheet
to be spread over contaminated ground. In the latter case, they
w~r+uld slip the poles or sticks into the slots and take cover in the
fr~~llowing way; they would first drop-one end on the ground, pint one
foot on the pole at that end, and spread-the sheet on the ground .in
f.?~:~ont of them, balding ~: s~ ..the other end oP the sheet at the place
~o~l,~ere the other stick or pole was located. They thin w?uld lie down
o'n the Sheet and ditx $ toxhn~ p to the ri ht n4' ~ t
the ec'ntours of the head and4ahoulders itwwas~rectangularPandlitwing
ways ot? a darker shade of white than the cape, In addition to laces,
the skieet had trvo longitudinal !'laps or seams,lits on one side, one
towards the top and another. towards the bottom, Short 84-centimeter
lonj~ sticks or poles were slipped into each of thew. This nned~~,.,~h~e~-, ,
~he~et more ri
id and
e ape and Stockings capes use~25X1
~iadl,~a'~-out. i~our~:~s~t~~. o.f7~~laa
an e ~ n?eter _ ~ , ,,. ., ~ ' ~ .. ,,, '; .., ,.d-r, 4_ p~? nerd,, a~, ~'shcavrn~ ,.
capes and stockings used in his company were like 25X1
~~ ose ep .c a on a locally available~~Soviet chart or o entitled.
etiv C
ILLEGIB
Comment;
ra~,ni~ng
boots and were tied by r~eans~nf strapswaroundJthejankles~andl~below ~v?
the knees.
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C02~F~ ~~'~.ig7.'IAIs
_~_
Sketch of I~~~regnated. Cane and Protective SYieet
~.~...~.,~ 1 m ._... ,.,,g?~
Leri~,~tka varied with
indivi.dur~1 sizes
~'i~g. 1
Nakidka or Cape
Fi~4 2
~'vdetil Or Sh?et
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