CIVIL DEFENSE TRAINING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000500150007-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 17, 2009
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: July 19, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION ^ ^ ^ INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
C-0-N-F-1 D-E-N-T-I-A-L
Civil Defense Training
DATE OF INFO.
PLACE ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
19 July 1955
ARMY review completed.
I#X
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES 9
REQUIREMENT NO. RD
REFERENCES
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COUNTRY Po l and
SUB3ECT Civil Defense T'raining
DATE OF INFORMATI~
PLACE ACQUIRED
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
A. Training at the Investment Bank
1, Orign;
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REPORT
DATE DISTR. 27 June 3.955
NO. OF PAGES 8
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REFERENCES:
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i.ssue.d by the Presidium of the to nogro Voivodship National Councf 1'
(Prezydium Wo,JewodzkieJ Rady Narodowej Stalinogrod), in accordance
with a decree of the Ministry, of National Defense in Warsaw, stating
that all employees of state enterprises would be required to attend
courses on civil defense under the supervision of the Ministry of
National Defense and in coordination with the local Military Com-
mander, the mandatory instruction was to be 25X1
covered in courses at least three months long. During each course
weekly meetingswould be held until the requirements were completed.
2. Organization of Cour; eE3
In July t9''i3, both male and female employees of the Investment
Bank (1eir,,s the hous(:kceping personnel) were divided into two groups
of 120 persons each. Each group was required to attend two-hour
classes held weekly for a three month period, after normal duty hours
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in the large meeting room of the bank. approx- 25X1'
imately 20 to 25 hours of instruction in were 25X1
Dalthough a few individuals were known to have not attended some 25X1
of-the classes, no corrective action had been taken to his knowledge.
All instruction was given by two?instructors; One was an unidentified
uniformed Polish Army officer who wore either one or two stars on
his shoulderboards, and the other was a. bank employee who was ordin-
Instructors
arily responsible for fire security in the bank but who was also
called the Bank Air Raid Warden,
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all subjects were presented in.)a very general 25X1
manner, The personnel attending the course had only a limited inter-
est in the subjects presented, since they were of the opinion that
the civil defense measures taught were outmoded and were directed
towards WW I type of warfare rather than towards WW II or future
wartime operations. Most of the employees could not understand why
such a course of instruction was being presented, since they had
believed that the Polish government meant to live in "peace'.
his instruction was o reasonably goa quaiity
considering the limited and dated scope of the course.
General Presentation Methods
identified with or tied to any one nation or group of nations.
time tactics, or military or civilian strengths was specifieall
charts, pictures, and models of various subjects covered were also 25X1
utilized as training aids. None of the materiel, equipment, war-
Although most of the instruction was given in lecture form, sketches,
no phase of the instruction was directed towards any specific organ-
ization, installation, location, or individual. At no time was the
scope or purpose of the instruction outlined or specific mention
made of past wartime incidents.
most of the subjects covered were more or less familiar to 25X1
his group since the great majority had either had WW II military ser-
vice or had come into contact with civil'defense in a civilian status
at that time.)
entation or refresher course.
Courses at Other Banks
the course) being simply an ori-
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similiar civil defense training courses were 25X1
being given in other banks in Stalinogrod at the same time that the
courses were being given at the Investment Bank,
Subjects of Instruction
The subjects given in this course were broken down into the follow-
ing groups for reporting purposes only. They do not indicate the
order of presentation during the course.
a. Air Defense Systems
Instruction consisted of one hour of general introductory in-
formation and the 'wartime utilization of armed service and
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civilian organizations. Remarks were also made on the effective
use of manpower, coordination, and individual efforts.
Air Defense Organi2tation
Instruction consisted of'one hour of introductory information on
the general use of military air and ground.forces and civilian
ilitAes and personnel in air warning and defense systems. At
fa
a
no time were the responsible. agencies, functions, positions in
national.structure, or headquarters locations defined for,any
country.
Various types of ,aircraft were described and the capabilities,
normal missions and tactics of each type were mentioned. At no
time were aircraft referred to by nationality or identified by
other than general type (heavy or light bomber, long or short dis-
tance aircraft) primary mission ('bombing, fighter, reconnaissance,
transport) etc.), or number of engines.
c, Air Warning and Interception Systems
Instruction covered commonly known information on the use of radar
to determine the location and direction of enemy aircraft, the dis-
patch
use
weapons for the destruction of enemy planes.
of anti-aircraft pons
At no time was any mention made of sonic or visual warning systems,'
organizational structures, headquarters locations, types and char- 25X1
aeteristics of equipment, or effectiveness of warning and inter-
cept systems. No mention was made of airborne radar, guided mis-
und observer organizations. 25X1
d. Anti-Aircraft Defenses
This instruction only defined anti-aircraft weapons as heavy or
light and mentioned the use of balloons as defense measures against,
low flying airoraft. such ballons would be 25X1
located near major installations (government buildings, factories)
and manned by military personnel. No mention was made of the
organization or disposition of anti-aircraft units.
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e. Passive Defense Against Air Attack
The major part of the whole civil defense course was covered by
the various subjects that fall in this category. The primary inter-.-
eet WM in the protective and control measures that could be ex-
pected of an individual. There was very little discussion con-
cerning group efforts or any specific agency or organization. At
no time was any relationship inferred between civilian and military
passive air defense measures, nor was there any referende.to the
identification or organization of interested agencies.
(1) Civil Defense Groups
ultimately any basic 25X1
civil defense organization WOU10 be n down into three
groups: fire fighters, poison gas teams, and first aid units.
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(2) Fire Fighting and Control of Fires.
Various methods. used by an individual to fight or control
various types of fires,, the use of`fire fighting equipment,
and the storage of fire fighting material were.covered.
Various known WW II types of incendiary bombs were described,
as well as the methods uses to extinguish them. The standard
fire precaution measures emphasized were the removal of in-
flammable material from attics and living quarters, the stor-
age of same in cellars, and the provision of sand boxes,
shovels, fakes;, and other fire fighting instruments in the
attic and in all living quarters. No mention was made of the
storage of water or emergency food supplies. It was suggested
that each family have a small first-aid kit for emergency. use
in its home
the fire control per-
sonnel would be divided into fire-fighting and fire watch
groups. The fire watch would be stationed on roof tops and
would report new fires by telephone to a central but unspec-
ified office. The fire fighting groups would only be respon-
sible for a specific area. They would supervise fire fighting
until the arrival of regular fire fighting equipment and per-
sonnel.
(3) Chemical Warfare Defense
Instruction lasting about eight hours was given on how to
wear and maintain a gas mask and the functioning of the mask.
four gas masks were passed around the group; 25X1
each individual.was required to adjust the mask to his own
head and to inspect it thoroughly. From pictures shown to
him, he believed that the as mask used in the instruction
was the Soviet MOD-8, civilian gas mask dip- 25X1
During the entire chemical warfare instruction, only four
WW I gases were referred to: mustard, lewisite, phosgene,
and a fourth which smelled like bad eggs. The 25X1
group was instructed on the e eot of these gases on the body,'
how to determine which gas was being used, what protection
one must take against chemical agents, fundamental first aid,
the use of various unspecified ointments, and the protective
clothing available to civil defense personnel.
special groups would be 25X1
formed during an emergency which would have the sole respon-
sibility of keeping personnel alerted for chemical attacks,,
determining the type of agent used, and treating persons who
had come into contact with these agents. 25X1
all anti-chemical first-aid.stations would be 25X1
located in open fields,
(4) First Aid
Instruction was presented on fundamental first aid measures
for the treatment of ,cuts, bruises, burns, and suffocation,
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 (6) Utilities
and the handling of individuals who were under shock or had
b
although no specific,instruction i
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no existing large bunkers or
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roken bones.
Shelters.. and Other Protective Structures
{ WA.- was no t avail
able, It was recommended that zip??-za trenches be dug away
from the house to a depth of about 1* meters, or that refuge
should be, taken in open fields
o-+++vw wy 1-11-LL tJ1'1veLue or. Ina1vloual,air raid shelters,';:'
which should be, located, in the cellars;of all residences or:
offids buildings, The nstructivn emphasized that all civ
ilian personnel not assigned specific civilian. defense duties
should go to one. of . these air raid, she'ltere in an emergency.
When a suitable location for an eir raid spelt
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All instruction on a i r , amn'hia`ai.7e.a +-t~8
v
V" ale to t no Investment Bank (which was
financially responsible for new state constructions or reno-
vations) for the construction of any air raid shelters or
underground installations in or around the city of Stallnna"mw
a r ra shelters
in the city, even of WWII.Vintage; nor was any mention made
during the course of any large community air raid shelters
which were or would be. located there,. About , 19)+9, 'an order
was received that all signs' showing the o'aation of WW II
individual or small group air raid shelters would be removed.
After this action was taken, no instructions were received
on the renovation of these WW II individual ' ere or the
.donstruotion of new shelters, no funds 25X1
were ever made a
it b
a
g an emergency all
electric current would be shut off in thA 1 1 r r of R+,ai 1,.,nroan., 4
on what the state enter pr was g yen
ises fu elec-
tricity should do ing gas, water and elec-
durin
(7) Rifle Operation
One unidentified rifle was brought into the meeting room and
disassembled and assembled. Some basic instruction was given
on rifle handling, operation and maintenance. No firing dem-
onstrations or group exercises took place, and the instructors-
did not ever mention why this s
ing a civil defense c
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Examinations and Subseg,uent., As's'ignrrients .
was required' to
ing five simple
specific duties
undergo an oral eaamination;'whio'h consisted of answer-
questions,. No'personnel were delegated to any
in a civilian defense program after they completed
no mention was made in this program of required in-
struction for the entire civilian population
the course; and
1. Organization of Course
Klucznik, a confirmed Communist Party member, was to
be responsible for organizing and controlling a one-year civil de-
fense training program to be given to selected employees of the
Baildon Steel Works
nd that Gutowski,
system, had been appointed
mandant" and was to act as
military 'forces, Both men did have titles comparable to those of
leaders of.para-military unite'. However, it was never stated whther
these titles were general ones, in an organized, national civil de-
fense program or applied only tb:7the Baildon Steel Works.. Neither.
man wore a uniform, carried any weapon, or controlled a recognized
group of individuals which could be compared to any type of military
unit.
as "Baildon Steel Works Military Com
Klucznik"s assistant.
both Klucznik and Gutowski were civilian employees
of the Baildon Steel Works a d had no mown association with the
According to Klucznik and Gutowski,, the Military Section Of the
Presidium of the Stalinogrod Voivodship (Regional) National Council
had issued an order setting up the one-year course in the Baildon
Steel Works. Detailed instruction would be given to selected per-
sonnel,who would be trained as a cadre for the Baildon Steel Works
Civil Defense Organization.
In June and July 1954, approximately seven to eight groups of se-
lected employees of the Baildon Steel Works, with 30. individuals per
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group, were told to attend the civil defense training program
started at that tim.e. Each group was delegated specific civil
defense responsibilities (fire watchers, fire fighters, etc.); and
instruction was given from two to four times weekly t 'l'
partly during and partly after regular working hours. 25XD each group was to receive some instruction on each phase of. the
training program, but special emphasis was to be placed on the re-
sponsibilities assigned to each individual group.
It was rumored that after the cadre group had oonpleted the one-year
course all other Baildon Steel Works employees were tor r
different and more general course on civil def enee 25X1
this possible course we a mon s and be com- 25X1
parable with the instruction at the investment Bank 25X1
in Stalinogrod.
2. S?Aeots PrePn ed
as of December 145L4. h.
those once-~r'esent d..atwths- Invaatmenrr%ate
was to be ~iypn nr,~,r to "non-producin "ee$tneral three-months course
S
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.
the detailed one-year 25X1
civil defense instruction was to be given n all "producing", i.e.
industrial state enterprises and thatch
the students were required etotundergo fieldaexercisesrapplyin and
the
pP Y g
instruction received
While the instruction received at the bank was not directed towards
defense of any specific installation or area, all instruction given
at the Baildon Steal Works was specifically applicable to civil de-
fense activities in the Steel Works area. Moreover, the time spent
on all subjects had been considerably, increased. Each subject was
presented with more A&4- 41 d
ex-pr ses, i.e. - a bank. 25X1
other foundries mines and f +
-
0 Vries com-
Paraole to Baildn Stel g:, similar detailed
civil defenseeinstruc~tionetiedoinswithethosehindividual installations.
more than a specific number of ..w..+t Qwa+ur,pr?a.ee emp.ioying
known) that it had selected personnel (a. (the "specific number un-
ities and had already begun suchoancivilydefenceted ramning faoil-
proggram.
no instruction was bein m, i
attack. ass o atomic or biological
works on civilian defense action in c g en n the Baildon Steel
3. First-Aid Course
In conjunction with the Steel Works civil defense training from 50 to 80 female employees were attending a three Pcourse
in detailed firat_agA -mont thcourse
group were employed in the Steel or s as doctors, me~dicallassistants
or medical administrative personnel.
this group met twice weekly, always during
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working hours. practical training exercises were
included. Each participant in the program was required to wear a
dark frock, white armband with a red cross. and white nursing type
ca with a red cross on the head band.
Passive Defense Eguipment
every employee in the Baildon Steel Works was
issued a small first-aid kit which was supposed to be used for the
administration of fundamental first-aid case of accidents or in-
juries occurring during working hours, this kit con-
tained ammonia, valerian, cotton
swab s e s an ages of various
sizes, and adhesive plaster. they had been issued
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to the employees of all production enterprises*
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