SOVIET MILITARY MANPOWER

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000500340005-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 24, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: November 7, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

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INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title
18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorised person is prohibited by law.
C.ONFIDENTIAL
COUNTRY USSR/Austria
SUBJECT
DATE OF INFO,
PLACE ACQUIRED
DATE ACQUIRED
Soviet Military Manpower
REPORT NO.
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
7 November 1955
12
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SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
STATE I X#1 ARMY I x 4fILI NAVY I x.0.1 AIR I FBI I AEC
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(Note: Washington distribution indicated
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INFORMATION REPORT INFORMATION REPORT
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CONFIDENTIAL
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COUNTRY USSR/Austria
SUBJECT Soviet Military Manpower
DATE OF INFORMATION
PLACE ACQUIRED
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
REPORT NO.
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DATE DISTR. 28 Sept 1955
NO OF PAGES 11
REFERENCES:
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, SDNEDMITIAL
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Item
A. MOBILIZATION AND TRAVEL
SOVIET MILITARY MANPOWER
Table of Contents
1. Induction and Physical Examination
a. Souc9,03 Examination
b:-,,Ot&are Inducted With Source
2. Travel to Basic Training
a. Travel Conditions
b. Route
(3. Unruly Conduct of Inductees
3. Processing of Inductees at Training Centers
4. Travel to Units in Austria
5. Processing of New Arrivals in Austria
B. DEMOBILIZATION AND REPLACEMENT OF CONSCRIPTS
1. Groups Departing for Demobilization
2. Personnel Arriving in Unit Callup
3. Mobilization and Demobilization Information
C. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS MILITARY PERSONNEL DATA
1. Extension of Service
2. Composition of Personnel by Ethnic Groups
3: Alleged Regimental Reorganization; Transfer of Personnel
4 Return of Personnel to USSR Prior to Completing Normal
Duty Tour
5. Possible Demobilization of Political Officers
D. RESERVE MATTERS AND MILITARY TRAINING OF CIVILIANS
1. Civilian Para-Military and Pre-Induction Training
2. Reserve Training for EM
3, Reserve Training for Officers
4. Commissioning of EM Prior to Demobilisation
Es MISCELLANEOUS MANPOWER DATA
1. Military Districts
2. MOS Numbers
3. Identification Tags
4. Civil Defense Training
5. Women in Military Service
nno
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SOVIET MILITARY MANPOWER
A. MOBILIZATION AND TRAVEL
50X1
50X1
1. Induction and Physioal Examination 50X1
a. Examination
50:00
That same day he 50:00
went rarore a medical commission for his induction physical. The medical
commission was composed of both civilian and unidentified military doctors,
some of which were women.
sent to an adjoining building for a chest x-ray.
He returned to the Rayvoyenkomat building and stripped. He and the other
induotees were then instructed to file into another room by two's and
three's. Here were sited four or five male WI female dOotors. loch
checked him on various points s hearing, sight (including color blindness),
teeth and bone,00nstruotion. His grip was checked on a tension device,
and he was required to blow up a balloon, to check his lung capaoity. His
physidal measurements were recorded, and a visual check was made for the
presence of piles, cysts, hemorrhoids and venereal disease. No blood
pressure test or blood test was given. An unknown type of inoculation was
given. 50X1
sent to another room And given a hairout. Follow-
ing this he was sent to another room, where he surrendered his passport
and received further 4.nstruotions frog an unidentified major who was the 50X1
00 of the Voyenkomat.." He was given 25 rubles and told to report to his
place of work to terminate his employment.
received 'two weeks pay in advance and returned home to pack for his trip.
That night, at 2300 hours he returned to the Rayvoyenkomat for transportation
to the railroad station I50X1
50X1
b. Others Induoted With Source
About 200 draftees were examined that day. Only two or three
were rejected, for unknown reasons. no information on the phy- 50X1
sical limits for rejection. He was of the opinion that physical standards
were not too high since he had later noticed quite a few soldiers on active
duty who were partially deaf, cross-eyed, lame or suffering from some stomach
ailment.
50X1
Most of inductees were from the 1934 year class. A
small number were from the 1933 year class and a still smaller number from
the 1932 year class. During this period, the 1931 year class was also be-
ing demobilized.
2. Travel to Basic Ttaining
a. Travel Conditions
From the VERKHOTUR'YE railroad station, was. 50X1
sent to a collection point in SVERDLOVSK. An officer from the Rayvoyenko-
mat accompanied the group. This was a oolleotion point for inductees from
all over the SVERDLOVSK Oblast. The inductees were immediately billeted,
subjected to a hurried and cursory 15 minute physical examination and were
then released until train departure time two days later.
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A troop? train was organized for the movement from SVERDLOVSK. The troop
train consisted of about 2,000 men. A sergeant from the Sverdlovsk Col-
lection Point was assigned to each car. Several officers in a separate car
also accompanied the group. Each car, containing about 70 to 80 men, was a
simple, large "Pullman" freight car consisting of 3-tiered wooden bunks.
There were no other facilities in the cars. The whole group of 2,000 men was
given a hot meal near MOSCOW and again in MOSCOW at a transient mess hail.
The remainder of the trip, the group ate the conventional Soviet Army dry
ration.
b. Route
50X1
The train route was SVERDLOVSK-KAZAN-MOSCOW-KIEV-LVOV-STANISLAV
(4856N-2442E), The trip lasted eight days. There were no latrine facilities
on the troop train, and the men relieved themselves at stops along the way.
50:0
A large group of personnel allocated for Air Force duty were let out
in MOSCOW. of this since this group was being escorted by
Air Force officers.
e. Unruly Conduct 0 Inductees
All along the route from SVERDLOVSK to MOSCOW, there were many incidents.
Every time the train stopped the men would pile out of the train, steal
everything in sight and tip over carts. During some of the stops, many of
the inductees got so drunk that they failed to get back on the train. At
the railroad station buffets and bazaars, everything was stolen or smashed.
If someone resisted they were mauled. Several women were also raped along
the way. In SVERDLOVSK a policeman and a sailor were badly beaten at the
railroad station. Source stated that it was almost unbelievable how the
inductees acted tcwards the populace, especially while traveling through
the Kazan Oblast.
The officers that were accompanying the group were all armed with billy
clubs and pistols. Every time the train stopped the officers were running
about. The officers did not dare use their pistols, but they wielded their
clubs freely. None of the city police of the towns through which the train
passed offered any resistance to vandalism. they would 50X1
have been ripped apart had they interfered. He added that the escort
officers turned in some of the bad actors to authorities along the route. 4
50X1
a large percentage of the induotwes was composed of
criminals recently released Who were being sent to 50X1
the Army. He said that he would not have been surprised if someone had
actually been killed along the way.
As the train began to near MOSCOW, the group settled down, The train
went through MOSCOW during the night, and there were no incidents. Around
KM the group began to act up again, but disorder was limited to looting
of mostly orchards and vegetable gardens. Jo However, when group
was finally unloaded at the STANISLAV railroad station, 50X1,
disorderliness was unbelievable. Almost everyone was drunk, some men
had no shoes and others one shoe, while still others were wearing women's
shoes. Some had only a pair of trousers and some only their underwear,
while others were in complete tatters.
A few miles from STANISLAV eight freight oars of men were un:oaded.
These personnel were ,apparently sent to some nearby caserne.
50X1
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3. Processing of Inductees at Training Centers
50:00 A total of abqut 900 men actually arrived in STANISLAV. At the sta-
mm;ion two groups were formed; one consisted of about 400 men. This
group was marched to a caserne in towtl, 50:00
He did not know where tne ()trier group was sent to rrom tne
rsairoaa station, but he knew that some of this group was sent to unidenti-
fied Air Force units in STANISLAV. He assumed that the remainder of this
group was sent to nearby casernes around the same city.
50X1
men each when it reached the caserne. His own group of 200 men took basic
training in an unidentified Ods Rifle Regt. while the other group took ba-
sic training with an unidentified arty regt which was in the same oaserne.3.
50:00
The next
day the group was issuea oiotning and equipment and commenced basic training.
4. 212=1.1,-(121.11-1.1.111e2.11
50X1
completed basic training when his group was in- 50:00
stz'uoted to where prepare fen, shipment. The men did not know ere they were go-
ing but assumed that it was beyond the USSR borders, since some EM had been
issued leather belts and calfskin boots. This they took as a sign that they
were going either to Germany or Austria. They toOk what civilian clothing
they had left and piled it on the parade ground, for the first sergeant to
use for cleaning rags.
50:00 groug plus other recruits from unidentified nearby casernes
were fo a 50 -man group at the railroad station for shipment to
Austria. The route followed was STANISLAV-LV0V-CHOP-BUDAPIIST-VI3NNA-
ALLENTSTE10 (4841N-1519E), and the trip lasted three days. ,Escort person-
nel from the 95th Ode Rifle Div were sent to STANISLAV to bring the group
to Austria. The recruits learned of their destination abroad from these
escorts.
The trip was made to the border at CHOP in Soviet boxcars. About
50 men were assigned to each oar, together with one sergeant escort. The
trip from STANISLAV to CHOP lasted one day.
50:00
the train to another train
which was on tne European gauge. Here additional unknown recruits were
added. A few miles beyond CHOP, border guards got on the train, and one
border guard armed with an automatic climbed on the top of each boxcar.
At the same time Border Guard officers went through the boxicard checking
each man's documents. The officers then got off, while the Border Guards
on top of the cars accompanied the train to the border. .
From CHOP the troop train consisted of about 1,000 men. This en-
tire group ended up in the ALLENTSTRIG Training Area and was billeted there
for three days.
5. Processing of New Arrivals in Austria
At ALLENTSTEIG the recruits were broken down
various units of the 95th Ods Rifle Div.
in a group of about kuu men, mu was immeaiately
placed in quarantine in one of the regimental barracks.
50X1
into packets to the
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by several orricers from the regimental sub-units for possible assignment
to their units. There was competition between the various company CO's in
the selection of recruits even at this stage. Following the quarantine
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period, the entire recruit group was formed, and selection of the recruits
began. All the unit CO's were present. The formation was first broken down
into groups according to education. Several of themen had already made com-
mittments and were then called out for the company CO who had selected them.
The Signal company had the first selections and then the other special Regi-
mental companies. The rest of the men were then assigned to the Rifle\bat-
talions. A portion of this residue was assigned to the regimental school,
later on, each company sent additional personnel to fulfill the school quota
B. DEMOBILIZATION AND REPLACEMENT OF CONSCRIPTS
50X1
1, Groups Departing for Demobilization
The last demobilization period
and was 'completed in the
During the early part of this period, conscripts living
in the far eastern regions of the USSR were sent out first, while conscripts
from the European USSR were sent out during the last part of the period.
The majority of the demobilized group was from the 1932 year class.
There was a smaller number from the 1931 year class and a still smaller num-
ber from the 1930 class.
About one-third of the regimental strength was demobilized. During
the entire demobilization period, the demobilized conscripts were sent out 50:00
in groups of about 20. These groups were first sent by train to the Divi-
sion Training Area in ALLENTSTEIG, where they were held until a certain num-
ber of personnel from the entire division were collected.
shipments were made up in ALLENTSTEIG for shipment to MUCK, Austria,
was' supposedly the collection point for all Soviet personnel in Austria.
He believed that shipments were then made up in BRUCK for actual return to 50:00
the USSR.
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2. ZIEWIZALArrit 50X1
New conscripts to the regiment, mostly from LVOV, ODESSA and STANIS-
LAV, arrived in one group in Nov 54. This group consisted of about 400 men,
the majority being from the 1935 year class. A small percentage was from
the 1934 class and a still smaller percentage from the 1933 class.
This group arrived by train from the division's training area in
ALLENTSTEIG, and all of it was placed in quarantine in one of the regimental
barracks for a period of 15 to 20 days. During this time they were given
concentrated training on basic military subjects. One of the rifle company
CO's was detailed to act as the group CO during this period. He was aided
in his mission by personnel of the regimental school soon to be graduated.
Following the quarantine period the new conscripts were assigned to the va-
rious sub-units of the regiment.
50X1
50X1 I
Mobilization and Demobilization Information
No new conscripts had arrived to the regiment
I He was of the opinion that
be no personnel changes in his unit prior to its evacuation
following the .Peace Treaty. The opinion commonly held
that during the next regular demobilization period
1939 year class was scheduled to be demobilized and the 1936 year
to be conscripted.
50X1
there would 50X1
from Austria
was 50X1
the 50X1
class was
C. OTHER MISCELLANEOUS PERSONNEL DATA
. 1. Extension of Service
During Source's entire service, he knew of no personnel being held
back from their regular demobilization. However, he had heard that a regimental
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_
50:00
CO had the authority to hold personnel an extra two months beyond the
5oxlregular demobilization period. company CO, sometime in
read an order stating that VNOS conscripted personnel (Advance Air
Warning Services), as a branch of service, were to have their length of
service extended from an estra year. That 'is their total service would
now last four years. The company CO explained that this ruling involved
large VNOS units and not the organic VNOS element in the division. Thus
VNOS personnel in the regiment continued serving the aame three year period
as other ground force personnel,".
2. Composition of Personnel by Ethnic Groups
50:00 The personnel of regiment were a mixture of various Soviet
nationalities. About 50 percent were Great Russians, 25 percent Ukrainians,
10 percent Tartars and Bashkirs, and the remainder Georgians, Armenians
and other unidentified nationalities. There was only one Checheno-Ingush
in the entire regiment.
3. Alleged Regimental Reorganization; Transfer of Personnel
50:00 there had been a reshuffling of person-
nel in the regimpnt, at whidh time an alleged reorganization of the regi-
ment took place.' 6 During this -the personnel were transferred in and out
of the regiment, but its overall strength remained about the same. During
this time the platoon leader of the Headquarters
platoon in Source's company, was assigned to
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4. Return of Personnel to the USSR Prior to Completing Normal Duty Tour
About 20 officers and men left the regt prior to
completion of their normal tours. 6These personnel were transferred to the
USSR for various punitive reasons. Off teen were replaced almost imme-
diately, while replacements for EM arrived during the normal induction pe-
riod.
what manner officers were returned to the
USSR in *mon oases, out am were escorted back to a collection point in
ERUCK,Austria, by one of the regimental officers placed on TDY for this pun-
cies ProfI received by the unit from personnel being so returned. 50X1
a shipment of these people went to MOLOTOV, where there
cation point. Prom here they were either sent to their
respective Voyenk.mats or sent to military penal colonies. no 50X1
further information.
COP orders were often read in the regiment, in which it was pointed
out that certain military personnel tried by Soviet military courts were be-
ing returned to serve sentences in the USSR in military penal oolonies.
sent bacx to the forunknown disciplinary or political reasons.
50X1 only general information that.oertain personnel were
5. PossibleDemobfltzption
50X1
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his oorip?s14, mvpuQx %iv for Political Affairs, who had Am some way been.com-
only one officer called on active duty. This was
missioned directly ih civilian life, due to Communist Party affiliations,
and ordered to active duty I _I and
another officer took his place.
50X1
However, CO told him of an order appearing sometime in
which statea thate number of political officers in the Soviet Army
was (to be reduced. There were persistent rumors that many political offi-
cers were being released and that efforts were being made to get polikioal.
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officers who were better qualified as military men. There were also
rumors that political officers composed too large a group as compared
with line officers. 7.
D. RESERVE MATTERS AND MILITARY TRAINING OF CIVILIANS
1. Civilian Para-Militarx and-Pre-Ind*tiOn Training
- - -. ,
50X1 no military training prior to being drafted. There
were no DOSAAF or FZO (factory apprentice school) organizations at the
place where he had worked. He was mitrell0 the .DO$AAF organization
was found in all FZOts, seven-year schools and 10 year schools; but he
had no connection with them. He had had only six years of formal
schooling and did not take part in any DOSAAF functions at that level.
militar -allung was par.; of the regular curriculum of the 10 year
50X1 it was common knowledge that some form of
schools. The training was the responsibility of a military section of
each 10 year school. The instructor was usually a civilian physical
instructor of the school staff. In general, he estimated that of all
the EM he had known, only about three percent had completed the 10 year
50X1 SCh001, no further details on this phase.
Personnel undergoing a course at a factory apprentice school
were required at one time to work four years at their trades following
50x1 their apprentice training, heard repeatedly from fellow in-
ductees who had had FZO training, mat in recent years they were required
to work only two years following their apprentice period. By that time
they were of draft age and were inducted.
50:0 no information concerning military training in
higher level schools than the 10 year one, such as an institute or
university. However, he was positive that military training was being
given in these schools.
Personnel who were in the first or second year of schooling at
a Tekhnikum or Institute were usually drafted, while those in their last
year were not as vulnerable. Those in the third year Were later given
the opportunity to enter a military OCS right from civilian school, in
order to do their period of military service. However,
50X1
no personnel attending a university who had been drafted. He thought
that perhaps some university graduates were later called on active duty
as officers. However, he could give no concrete examples.
2. Reserve Training for EM
Just prior to demobilisation, conscripted KM were required to
fill out an application indicating the place they wished to be sent.
Most of the former Kolkhos workers definitely did not want to return to
the farms, except to visit their parents. Conscripts inr----;--lunit, 50X1
about to be demobilised were officially informed that after re urning
to the USSR, they had a 10-day period of grace before they were required
to report to their local Voyenkomat, these con- 50X1'
scripts were then placed on the inactive sat sn reserves at the
Voyenkomat. After reporting to their respective Voyenkomat, they had
to remove all insignia from their uniforms; then they could continue to
wear the uniform or portions of it.
50X1
no specific knowledge of training required of de-
50:00
mobilised personnel except that certain technicians such as radio
operators did participate in some type of training which wir organised
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50X1
by the local Voyenkomat. Former radio operators of the unit often wrote
letters in which they noted that they were maintaining their efficiency
by radio classes held by their Voyenkomats. no further in- 50X1
formation on this subject.
50:00
units.
never heard of the existence of any organized reserve
3. Reserve Training for Officers
50X1
reserve officers were required to partici-
50:00 pate in some form of training during the summer period, since a reserve
50:00 officer (nu) was sent to a three
month reserve officer course at LhUMUTADT curing tne summer period.
no further information.
50X1
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4. Commissioning of EM Prior to Demobilization
taking basic training three senior sergeants
were acting platoon leaders in his company. These sergeants had just
graduated from some unidentified military school and were doing practi-
cal training in their potations. Just before the end of
training period, these three sergeants were each given the rank of
junior lieutenant during a regimental formation. They remained with
for about 15 days, until the end og the basic
training period. Then they were demobilized to the reserve.Q.
repeatedly that there was a small training cell
at 95th division headquarters that selected draftees who had completed
the 10 year school, trained them and released them as reserve officers.
He knew of no one who had actually attended this course and had no
further information on this topic.
E. MISCELLANEOUS MANPOWER, DATA
1. Mallary Districts
the following military districts: Carpathian
(Pre-Karpatokiy), Odessa, Ural and "Trans-Carpathian" (Za Karpatskiy).9.
basic training in the Carpathian Military District and
therefore assumed that this was the official designation of that military
district, since it was often referred to as such. He had heard of the
Odessa and the Ural Military Districts from other recruits and had read
of them in military newspapers. The term "Trans-Carpathian Military
District" was used to refer to unite in Austria and Hungary. This term _
was allegedly often used in COP orders which were read to
50X1
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2. MOS Numbers
50X1 had no information on MOS numbers. He did not know his
own MOS.
3. Identification Tams
50:00 no identification tags in Austria., They were not
issuect to EM in Austria since they were not permitted to leave caserne
areas. However, he was told what his ID number was while he was iv
Austria, but he had forgotten it. Di in mite in the USSR had an ID
tag. These tags, which were round aluminum discs containing a stamped
number, were kept in unit orderly rooms and given out to the IN
when they went out on official leave.
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Civil Defense Trztining
50X1 no ipformation on civilian defense training. He was
last in the USSR tnmten he had observed no preparations
among the civilian OODUIAtIOn-agitinst air raids.
50X1 5. Women in Military Service
500 500 there were about six female soldiers in
the Gds Rifle Regt. They served as waitresses in the regimental
officers mess. These women were demobilized and not replaced.
They had told that they had been drafted for a three year period
by their Voyen oma s. They wore uniforms, were all privates or .PFC's -
and received about 700 shillings a month 'plus an unknown amount credited
to their account in the Soviet Union. no further information
on them,and he had no opportunity to see if women continued to be in
military service in the Army in general after those in his own regiment
had left.
501
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Comment 11
This is the first case
where a source was examined only once
and inducted on the same day. Many Previous
source reported to the Rayonvoyenkomat several
times, for various reasons, prior to their
actual induction.
Comment 2: It is deemed significant that many
have reported extremely loose
discipline among inductees on troop trains:
Comment 3:
Comment 4:
Comment 5:
Comment 6:
Comment 7:
although not quite to the extent reported by
Source. However, eported just-as
flagrant hooligan sm
not hear of any further disciplinary action
taken against any of the men, and he stated
that none was taken against that section of
the men who eventually ended up in his own
basic training company.
order of
battle information on Soviet Army and Air Force 50X1
units in STANISLAV mentioned in this report.
50X1
50X1 h
50X1,'
50X1
50X1
50X1
50X1,
Several other
have reported the same
extension of service for Soviet Army VNOS
conscript personnel,
details on this
reorganization, which made considerable changes
in his regiment's organization and equtPmeTtt,
Details on soldiers returned to the USSR for
punitive reasons will be published in a
report
based on Source's information.
on tenden-
oleo for deemphasizing" political officers
dating back to the 1949-51 period.
CONFIDENTIAL
?, ?
50X1
50X1
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/28: CIA-RDP82-00046R000500340005-4
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/28: CIA-RDP82-00046R000500340005-4
50X1
50X1
50)(1
Comment 8:
CONFIDENTIAL
- 11 -
report on EM after
attending an Officers' Training Platoon
Comment 9:
A
be had heard orders read
in his own: unit which used the expression
"PGF" immediately followed:.by..."Za Karpatski
Voyennty Okrug (Trans-Carpathian Military
District)" . this term,
Trans-Carpathian Military District, referred
to CGF units, However,
unit has no record of any such military
district or of any connection between CGF
troops and a military district.
CONFIDENTIAL
50X1
50X1,
50X1,,
50X1
50X1
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?
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2014/02/28: CIA-RDP82-00046R000500340005-4