DISPERSAL OF INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00046R000500380005-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 11, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: December 6, 1955
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/18 : CIA-RDP82-00046R000500380005-0
INFORMAn 0 N REPOR; iNFORMAT I ON REPORT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
hi, material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws. Title
S C Sees 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized person is prohibited by law.
COUNTRY Poland
SUBJECT
DATE, OF iNFO.
PLACE ACQUIRE
DATE ACQUIRED
Dispersal of Industry
REPORT NO.
DATE DISTR,
NO. OF PAGES
REQUIREMENT NO.
REFERENCES
6 7ecember 1955
RD
SOURCE EVALUATIONS ARE DEFINITIVE. APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
STATE
ARMY
NAVY
#X AIR
#x I FBI AEC
;Note: Washington distribution indicated by "X"; Field distribution by "#".)
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1NFORMATON RE_ )0Ri NFORMAIION REPORT
nedassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/18: CIA-RDP82-00046R000500380005-0
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/18: CIA-RDP82-00046R000500380005-0
CONFIDENTIAL
COUNTRY Poland
SUB)ECT Dispersal of Industry
DATE OF INFORMATION
PLACE ACQUIRED
THIS IS UNEVALUATED NFORMATION
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REPORT NO.
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DATE DISTR. 25 October 1955
NO. OF PAGES 3
REFERENCES:
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Offices Resoonsible for IndustrY Dispersal, 1946-1955:
During the years 1946-1949, the Central Planning Office in Warsaw
:Centralny Urzad Planowania) was responsible for dispersal plan-
ning. It had branch offices located throughout the Voivodship
Towns (Miasta Wojewodzkie) of Poland. Czeslaw Bobrowski was
appointed the head of this office. In about 1949, the Central
Planning Office was dissolved and its responsibilities were taken
over by the State Economic Planning Commission in Warsaw (Panstwowa
Komieja Planowania Gospodarczego PICP0). The branch offices were
renamed Voivodship Planning Commissions. In 1953 the Voivodship
Planning Commissions lost their administrative freedom, and were
made dually subordinate, to the State Economic Planning Commission
in Warsaw and to the Voivodship National Co oil.
Dispersal Discussion and Planning:
2 After iorld War II, the first time that dispersal of industry was
mentioned in Poland was during the Three Year Plan, 1947-1949.
The dispersal planning did not begin at the highest level, at that
time, the Central Planning Office in Warsaw, but was started through
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- 2 -
the initiative of a group of individual economists with Professor
Dr. M. J. Ziomek in the lead. Dr. Ziomek was at that time the
director of the Central Planning Office, Stalinogrod Branch. The
discussions took place first at office level, then was taken up
by the Voivod ship National Council, the 44Mattee0iSah001:'Or4401lomics
and the office responsible for workers' settlement planning and
construction, all of them in Stalinogrod. These discussions were
mainly concerned with a critique of the haphazard construction of
Industrial installations in Silesia,
3. During the execution of the 1947-1949 Three Year Plan, the three
year plan of economic reconstruction (Odbudowy Gospodarskiej),
haphazard construction was started in Silesia. Construction and
reconstruction of industrial installations in the coal and steel
regions that were in no way connected with the coal and steel
Industry (leather, food, electrical equipment), endangered the
economic stability of Silesia. All this was done with the approval
of the Central Planning Office in Warsaw.
4. The first aim of the discussion started by Dr. Ziomek was to
attract the attention of the Central Planning Office. He published
several articles about the necessity of dispersing industry in two
professional magazines, Zycie Gospodarcze, (Economic Life), and the
Gospodarka Planowa, (Planned Economy). His articles gave the follow-
ing reasons for the necessity of dispersing industry:
a. Theoretical reasons (Economic theory).
b. Density of population.
) Manpower.
(2) Transportation.
(3) Supply.
(4) Logistics.
(5) Decrease in village population and agricultural production.
c. Equalization of the living standard of the industrial and agri-
cultural regions.
d. Cost of material transportation and necessity of building
installation as close as possible to natural resources.
5. Political and strategic reasons and certain social aspects were
not discussed publicly but were discussed behind closed doors at
the meeting in Warsaw at which Dr. Ziomek was present. The con-
struction of the Lenin Iron and Steel Works (formerly Nowa Huta)
was a good example of the results of closed discussions. The
discussion about its construction lasted for about two years,
1948-1949. In the beginning, it was planned to construct it in
Labedy (N50-20, E18-37), but mainly for social, political and
strategic reasons it was built near Krakow.
6. First, the city of Krakow with its great number of intelligentsia
was considered by the regime to be a very reactionary city. By
building the Lenin Iron and Steel Works near Krakow and bringing
In a great number of workers, which the regime believed to be
Communist, the regime hoped to counteract the reactionary activity
of the intelligentsia. Secondly, the regime feared that Silesia,
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3 -
which was jerman up to 1945, would be partly or wholly returned
to Germany, for some reason, and therefore all the newly built
industry would be lost to Poland. Finally, for strategic reasons,
they decided to build the plants in the least vulnerable areas,
as far in the interior as possible.
Actual Dispersal of Industry:
Toward the end of the Three Year Plan, 1947-1949, and later,
during the following Six Year Plan, 1950-1955, the dispersal of
industry in Silesia was seriously taken under consideration.
Only a few large Industrial installations, one of the largest
Sulphuric Acid Plants in Poland, in Wizow, Silesia (coordi-
nates unknown) and an artificial fertilizer plant in Kedzierzyn
N50-210 E18-12) were built in this area. Only small installa-
tions in some way connected with either the coal or steel industry
were constructed there. All other large industrial installations,
the Lenin Iron and Steel Works, one of the largest cement plants
In Europe, and others were constructed further in the interior of
the country. After 1949, there was no mention of industry dis-
ersal in the 'press, It was only noticeable in the placement of
ations,
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55m
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/09/18: CIA-RDP82-00046R000500380005-0