ANIMAL BREEDING

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000200250004-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2009
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 17, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

COUNTRY
CENTRAL UNTELL'UGEhCE. AGENCY
NFOPMATION REF'OR`M
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ACQUIRED
DATE
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Yugoslavia
Animal. Breeding
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SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
In Yugoslavia the animal breeding associations have, in the past, lu~A
great influence on the promotion of animal breeding. Their basic
program consisted in the selection of animals, control of milk, exact
records of progeny, and use of the best bulls. The choice of the sire
is, in Yugoslavia, one of the most important means for the improvement
of animal breeding. Inbreeding is completely foreign to our farmers
and sires which have reached an age where their daughters are ready to
be bred usually go to the slaughter house.
2. "As everywhere else in the world, animal breeding in Yugoslavia reflects
a picture of cu1'Ltural, geographical and general agricultural conditions.
It this respect Yugoslavia is rather sharply divided into a northern,
very rich part with intensive animal breeding and a southern part with
extensive animal breeding. The northeastern part of the country has
large and very fertile plains, rich in corn and swine, and also the
cultivation of the vine, viticulture. In the south, east of the Adriatic,
there are rather high limestone mountains with large and badly cultivated
pastures and markedly extensive animal breeding. That is the "Karat'
region, well known in Europe.
"Perhaps some other data are of importance: The acres of plowable
land, suitable to grow feeds, include no more than 20%. The so-called
1,egume rotation which in some European countries increased the weight
of cattle about 100-200 kg has not been introduced as yet in some
southern ;parts of the country. However, reconstruction of agriculture
proceeds,varv wall in these areas too. and conditions improve from year
to V
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"Cattle Breeding. Yugoslavia has about five million cattle in the north-
easern plains which are mostly Simmentaler cattle. The southern areas,
however, are the homeland of an autochthonous short-horse!. race. As a
type they are good animals but production is bad in the south due to
a scarcity of feed. However, in some areas along the Donau and Drau
Rivers there are good animals in every respect.- In alkaline parts of our
plains one still finds the pure cattle of the steppes. These cattle, generally,
are a little lighter in weight. They are called 'Posavsca quija'. Throughout
the path of migration from the Panonia plains to-our region, we still can
trace today the blood of the Bos priori enius of the people crossing our land
to reach Italy. In the southern mou inous areas we cultivate the autochthonous,
short-horned 'Busha' cattle,: They are adapted to the poor environment in our
'Karat' area. In some regions crossing of animals has been carried on for
years with very good results. Production of this race is bad because of
poor condition of the forage. Very good brown animals, with regard to form
and production are bred in Slovenia. They axe well fitted for the improvement
of the 'Busha' cattle. In short, one can say that Yugoslavia will have very
good opportunities for cattle breeding when the above mentioned difficulties
will have been overcome.
"Swine Breeding. Yugoslavia has about five million swine. The main area for
the swine production is the northern and northeastern plains. This region,
even before World War II, was known as the land of the fat swine. The
'vojvodina' alone used to export about 2 to 34 thousand cattle ears of
yearly
swine
Northwestern parts of the Federation
have highly bred swine and in some of the constituent republics also highly pure
breeds. The industrialization of Yugoslavia, however, requires the development
of early maturing, highly bred swine types which,, on our new large farms, are
already doing well..
a. "Horse Breedt..r . Yugoslavia has more than 12 million horses. There are
thoroughbred hot-blooded) races (Nonius, English thoroughbred horses,
Lippizzaners, Arabians and the native mountain horse), and cold-blooded
breeds (Noriker, Belgians). There are 20 studs in Yugoslavia for furthering
horse 'breeding..
?j. "Sheep Bredi. There are more than ten million sheep which almost entirely
belong to the coarse-wooled sheep. Sheep are used for three purposes: wool,
meat, milk. The yield of wool from the 'Zackel' sheep is about 1 kg, from
the 'Zigaje' sheep 2 kg, and from the Merino sheep 3 kg. After World Wax II
the introduction of Merino blood into our sheep was started by means of
artificial insemination. This, in some areas, has shown good results.
8. "Poultry Breeding. Yugoslavia produces about 12 million chickens most of
them on small. farms. experience with mass production, especially by.
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incubators has been very bad.
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The farmers
produce mostly crosses of Leghorns, Plymouth Rocks and Rhode Island Reds.
9 As fo
have fully recognized that the existence of
such service must be of great importance for the advancement of agriculture.
However, it would be wrong
to say that Yugoslavia has no information service for its farmers. On the
contrar?y, every veterinarian and agronomist is in his status as official of
the State, very active in this respect, either :?y direeL contact with the
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people on their farms or by specially arranged larger gatherings.
During the winter months more than several hundred farmers will
often attend such lectures. The large state farms it c llective
farms have more than three thousand of them - employ
agriculturists and agronomists with academic degrees whose special
task is the reconstruction and modernization of our agriculture..
Daily, weekly and monthly newspapers and magazines are printed in
every republic (state) for either all the branches of agriculture,
or some specially important ones, animal breeding, horticulture,
grape-growing, truck gardening., raising of small animals, etc.
In addition, our radio stations regularly send out weekly information
on all agricultural questions. Much popular literature is printed
to keep the farmer informed about what is new in agriculture. Every
year agricultural, exhibits are organized which serve to improve
agriculture by showing the success of good farmers."
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