DISTRIBUTION OF VETERINARIANS/PREDOMINANT PROBLEMS OF VETERINARY MEDICINE/VETERINARY FACILITIES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000300550005-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 17, 2013
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: November 17, 1953
• Content Type: REPORT

jol 77-7?
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CLASSIFICATION GONFIDENTIAL/SE0UktIT
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
IN FORMATION .REPORT
COUNTRY USSR
SUBJECT
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF IV
Distribution of Veterinariaps/Predominant Problems
of Veterinary Medicine/Veterivary Facilities
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
Of THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE IS, SECTIONS 793
AND 794, OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR NESE.
LOTION OF ITS CONTENTS TO ON RECEIPT ST AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED OY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM II PROKISITEO,
DATE DISTR./ / Ms,
NO. OF PAGES 4-
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NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
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Kormsaly, the specialized education of a veterinarian takes four years.
In view of the final examinations, the state examinetion, the presenta-
tion and defense of a thesis, and field practice, his education is
completed only after four and a kali' years, and he receives a diploma
and the title of veterinary surgeon. In recent years, the training of
veterinary eurgeons, as well as that of agronomists, has been in charge
of the Ministry of Agriculture. Accelerated course were introduced' in
1938 and 1939; they covered the curriculum in two years; were offered
by two of the institutes, but were later discontinued.
Numbro? Veterinarians in the Various Services
2. 7 eet a e that 5,550 veterinary surgeons, graduates of professional
schcols, are filling positions in the network of agricultural stations;
750 are worki. in railroad transportation; 100 are engaged in the fight
against epizootics; 130 are serving in the quarantine belt; 270 are
employed by scientific educational institutions; 300 work in laboratories;
46o do administrative work; 1,000 are occupied in the meat industry
(slaughter-houses for meat combines, and other meat-producing enterprises);
250 specialize in animal breedings In 1947 the total needs for the USSR
were estimated at more than 9,000 veterinarians. About 2,000 are needed
by the military services.
In addition to the veterinary surgeons, who have received a higher educa-
tion, the Soviet Union has auxiliary personnels assistant veterinarians
or veterinary technicians. These receive a specialized secondary educa-
tion and act as assistants to the veterinarsesurgeons. They are not
permitted to work as independent specialists, and assist the surgeons under
supervison. In 1947-48 they numbered several tens of thousands. The
kolkhoz and sovkhoz veterinary _orderlies or "prophylactors" pass through
a short teasalsg period 1u-tended to prepare them for this type of work in
CLASSIFICATION CONFIDENT SECURITY INFCRMATION
DISTRIBUTION
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kelkhozes and sovkbozes excl.:lively. Their task is to carry out
sanite-2ymeasuree'in strict accordance with instructions given, by the
veterinary surgeons. .*
A veterinary surgeon, with a specialized higher education, acquired
under a normal program and plan of study, is thoroughly qualified for
his work and Competent to deal with problems covering all-branches
and.,,developmepta;...Rfaisetterpiegy medicine. DUring1948-49� the
training capacity of-the ilhtitutes lagged far behind,,Wk,flgeds,f...9r,,.,,,.
trained veterinarians, and many positions were not filter, eiteAalle'd"
in the sparsely populated areae apd in areas remote from railroads
and cities.
A great number of cattle was lost during World. War II, and a program of
intensified breeding by means of natural and artificial fertilization
(the last is widely used ia the Soviet Union), has been promulgated by
the authorities at the expense of a meat shortage for the consumers in
conseauence of the ban of Slaughtering cattle except under a governmental
plan. prior to the recent disclosures of lags
in Soviet agricultUre and especially in the cattle industry '1:t Nikita
Khruebehev and the proposed. new Soviet agricultural program/ All
governmental orders and. instractionc aiming at an increase in cattle
breeding are directed towards the elimination of infectious and contagious
diseases in animals.
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6. There area number of reason vhieh have =Used emaciation and a larze
death rate among cattle, and horses. , Some of these reasons are: the
large concentration (collectivization) of cattle in Vvildings which were
unsuitable and bad not been properly equipped for the, purpose; the lack
of cooperation of farmers of the kolkhoz System; fodder Shortages; irregular
feedingivhich-vms insufficient in-auantity and poor logicality; long,
intervals between feeding caused by' shortages of fodder; and excessive
working, of horses in particular. This insufficient nourishment, emaciatiot,
and excessive work sapped the physicalresistance of the cattle to sicknesses.
Infectious diseases apread among the cattle ahd among the sheep and bogs.
The MAU, chaige of�the!kOlkhozes'and sovkhozes obtained their- positions
by chance and' bad. no knowledgewhatioeVer of animal husbandry. Instructions
on ways to improve the' living conditions of animals and orders concerning
sanitary measures were ignored. quarantine rules were not observed at all.
As a resultvthe_position of veterinary surgeons .became very difficult. They
were falsely accused and branded as enemies of the people" and "enemies of
the State". Thousands of them perished-tahind the walls of the secret
police and'as exiles in thesPar North!!
8. At veterinary training institutes prior to World War II,-the equipment for
newly opened veterinary training institutes was received. from Germany under
a trade agreement* Stidh equipment included microecopes, made by Zeiss, With
4 Magnifying capacity Of 4200, trichinoscopes with great 'magnifying capacity,
Stethoscopes,:ither.apparatus for histological research, and microphones.
At present theserfactories are in Soviet Zone of Germany*; The, dyes used in
the laboratory work of the institutes for coloring sensitive substances 'which
are being analyzediare aniline dyelgot,German manufacture. Dyes are also
uted for medicinal and Prophylactic perpopes. Photoddreens Used in lectures
on various sUbjects are not sufficiently perfected,,which'inconveniences the
students.- There is a. considerable shortage of microscopes of great magnifying
capacity and microtomesIfor physiological research. Experimental research
institutes Of iMPOrtande-to'the.State or' to the military are satisfactorily
equipped as regardLboth'quantity-and Oality of equipment; Among these are
the Experimental Inatitute in Moscow 'arid, the military acadecy,-Vetaeademiya
ffeteriallry Azademy.17, in Leningrad.
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The equipment of veterinary hospitals varies in accordance with the
geographical location,ot,the area in respect,to:m4itarY strategy, local
conditions, railroad-junction01:Pepulation centers. At the railroad .
junctions are located new hospitals which have standardized facilities,
as follows; an arena, Where sick animals are broUght; shelters for sick
animals, with an apparatu�or fixinvbrOken bones; A station for sick
animals left for treatment, especially horses, but also other animals,
with 15 to 20 speciallrequipped stalls; a pharmacy equipped to meet the
needs of the bospitalaualitatively and quantitatively. :A dispensary may
or may not exist, depSndiM0.0n the head of the hospital.:: Thf.1 veterinary
surgeon in,charge.replenishes his supplies by filling requisitions or
medicines, instruments, and surgical supplies with the nearest supply
center. He orders everything he needs to carry on his work, including
biotics and sundry equipment for the medical work the hospital. There
is also A room for visitora-or felt/siting room forldaitora and patients
with sick animals,Who,aweit their tuan. About 500. frau the:todpital
is a quarantine building for animals suffering from infectious. diseases
and also for those which are auspected of having a contagious disease. Such
a Ruarantine building may haveitammodationsior 20-30A)r7sven 50 si*
animals, depending on where it is located, with equipped stalls 'for 'large
animals, such as horses and. cattle, and for small animals like doge, sheep,
etc.
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10. In standard hoepitals provisions have. been made, for A doctor to office to
carry on business and work. The equipment depends on the doctor himself.
Usually within 50 meters from. the hospital proper is a building for the
personnel, the doctor and the veterinary technicians who assist him. There
are also rooms near the hospital for the orderlies, i.e., the men who take
care of the sick animals, who also maintair and clean the hospital
building, and feed, water, and clean the animals themselves.
11. The equipment of a hospital depends on the doctor in charge of the hospital.
Large hospitals have appliances for electrotherapy, hydrotherapy and.
electrical surgery. The preparation .or compounding of medicines or the
sick animala in the hospital and the out-patients is performed by a.technician
appointed by the surgeon. Large hospitals have a special pharmacist, who in
addition to a high school education has had special pharmaceutical training.
The personnel of the hospital depends on the density of Population in the area
and on the number of sick, animals brought in. In large population; centers,
the staff consists of two surgeons, two technicians, two orderlies, who also
do the cleaning, and a pharmacist. The personnel are all government employees.
Small hospitals are given a horse for necessary trips; large hospitals,bave �
a oar to call on the sick animals in the area serviced by the hospital..
Thvs, all the hospital buildings,torm a. small settlement, which is usually
surrounded by a palisade or a' fence.
14.. However, in sparsely populated areas, removed from railroads and cities,,
veterinary hospitals; are mostlylocated in houses which have been adapted to
this purpose and are poorlY:eqUipPed; sometimes such hospitals have no
surgeon and are run by a veterinary technician who has only the high school.
equivalent of ,a technical education, and is also a government employee. A
veterinary technician.haa either a high school or grammar. School education and
two years of specialized training. A veterinary surgeon who has graduated
from a veterinary institute as a doctor gets a job, and Whether be is a
bacteriologist in a bacteriological laboratory or works 'in the railroad trans-
port system, a slaughterhouse, or a hospital, his salary during the first
years amounts to OO, 450, and 500 rubles. After five years, he receives
a raise on a percentage basis. Thus, after having worked for seven Or eight
years, he may be able to earn up to 600 rubles; later the percentage of the
raise is increased. A veterinary technician earns 250 rubles; he also gets
percentage raise % as time goes by. Orderlies who do the cleaning and take
care of the animals receive 150 to 200 rubles.
00}EFIDENTIAL
SECURITY .11TORMATI0N
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OONRIp4NTIAL
SECTAIIIIIISVORMATION
13. Veteri ry institutions re established in Accordance with the political
divisi.no of the USSR to take care of sick animals. RepUblissare.divided
into ray, and each rayon inclUdes several rural soviets, not a.definite
�n Ater,. Sometime there are more and sometimes;less�-- on an average from
15 to 20. Each rayon 1r an appr priatiam In its budget for ,a veterinary
hospit 1 with the taff as,shown above. Some large rural eouncas have
appropriation for veterinary centers, and two or three rural councils may
have veterinary technicians :who act under the orders of the rayon veterinary
surgeon and a si,ethim:in supervising the sanitation conditt.n. of the cattle
in the are . A.nistratiVely, however, rural Vete11.31-41",LA, is under
the jurisdiction if the chairman of the rural council."
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14. Bacteriological static ix include a veterinary surgeon with a bent for
bacteriology, a laboratory technician, and an orderly. The,equipient,is
usually adequate for the necessary analyses and bacterio?ogiC 1 examinations.
U uallythe equipment consists of a microscope with a 1200 or Mord
magnifyi., capacity, a trichinoscope with a 250-500 magnifying-Capacity,
a Koch boiler for eterilizi 2 reparatus to keep alive bacteriological
cultures, the necessary dye:.for coloring microorganisms, various co Pnunds�
ves els, a t =stet, and a small ,number of labor tory anilals�'sUdh
rabbits, yhite mice and sometimes cats, depending on the needs. SU6h
stations are located in buildings which either have been specially erected
or adapted for the purpose.
15. Veterinary Institutes in tile.URSR exist,ingrad, Kharkov, Kazan!, 0Msk�
Kiev, Viteb k, Novocherkask, Saratov, and. Voronezh. In.recent:years; the
Veterinary Academy in *WOW has trained veterinary surgeons for the Army.
This last.!named institute graduated 1�.1* veNpOulariahs in 1948.
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OONFIDENTI4v,
�SECURITY INFORMATION
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