GOVERNMENT AND CONTROL OF THE PEOPLE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00047R000400660006-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 27, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 15, 2013
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: August 16, 1954
• Content Type: REPORT

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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release a 50-Yr2013/05/16 : CIA-RDP82-00047R000400660006-8
COUNTRY
(Cal
ULMa011ItdneENdoN
ina/Inner
50X1 SUBJECT vernment
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
INFORMATION REPORT
11.0
lia
Control of the Teople
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTIrC THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE lEYE SECTIONS 793
AND 794, OF 'THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION ON REVE-
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO DR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIEED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED SY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM IS PROHIBITED.
NO 0
*not specified source
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION 50X1
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19
the Physical Loppearance of
ical Changes that took
area. As an individual forel
cit of nalY1'24" and. its ea romol,
place after the agmmutialir?m urur?t1.4
liv)14 in the axe& 'EO
of it in late 1953
of dea1.1_1_,,t, wfith the pegple.
iismal.
mist methods
lib n, with:. prior to the arriwlofe Commistss the alma was
opled by Chinese who were either faomers or merchmits deal. tne
?.of uliie farms or supplies to the farmers. 1iie L.imers thw, lves
were
1zolci.,,20)ent operators and ralec4t ever7thlze
e merchants processed mow of these rproduotS.- For examtple9 co
good were locally kiie out of the local wool. Iimdividaal families
ii.ght love a lam Yebooe PrQdVtrtg were bought up by a merchant and
11.10,0c4 out to his =stoma's. Priva?te enterprise VW the watchword
exc 'tot for Noctions such as educationiitftic..ta the government 1,- ti
say. J?iere wa,s c@DALaste freedom of action and of movement. A man got
for his products whatcever he couldp and prices an the market were each
nowt Pe?Fle coed afford to pay. Goods amd services were themselves
plentiful. alder the new Comgmnist means this entire pictuvi chal ed.
the Catholic Nospita.1
ere pretty good example of how thorougly the Communist
siteicoa-Q.1 to ran tIi fixst thing they dill in 19, lem to
replace7?p.irectorp who was rea priest es, with
16 nure'r4;? siaterss, left the country to 1)5O. Mg director was
tot1J ylac in training for the jobs, havfog prev.ously been a,
laborers, but h.e VQS a god. Communist wad evidently? tut was -,ufficient.
CLASSIFICATION WMPITAKIni
DISTRIBUTION
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CAMPIERATInb
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50X1 ctsceo much RJone for six nth s snd it vss
14-:'?1:5PtheY:lf,a1(e'4 to give orders.
k. e new philosophy vas one of deciding everytht at neatingso and Ji
eti vere interminable. Here in an e5mizole of a t deal day:
1114
-briaifast
- works, broken only by ly call ti i0 Mere
APO, =.41tv,ygloon
AIMtELs on the (tlay's work0 sire were filled with di
ea163/0418 of what went on, azd were filled by aceusatio
lodged bysmone wlito baanythit4 to say. It usually
involved a criticim by au ignorant worker about how a
doctor handled Tis patients? :81M the doctor had to
justify his treatment and procedure to .11 tamers who did
mot know whatheyas-talking about, On top,of olisp the
Atleg26int4z?i:te,..nakce itten.
8 via-eidaigpt
-2,1! ,, ?
to thr
1146.1.Agi, With.difieratgO(l'aip4 on
416effirentAays? Nob they were all of the sane str4Pa-
da VOA Wt- t egeragng be
eetit- -InterrigEoted'the, too di to to ini7W
%_.7i.,A:f.ree'..time...
,
50X1 5 4ttaL:'?eargftsalsteAmeily. o:or thrie*iikS doneerning
50X1 tirea ta1 attitud4.4, ase zo forth. Ski@ the blospital
event ,forwarded toRtipik to the local authorities. Oiace a non
50X1 a; ganaral report for. the. hospital?. Adoich- was also sent ,to
2e 7 4kii*LFA 440 goitiantat k and Pdlitical-
asid*Agide4oitine_Wasai*daerirdp, theatere he got palL, 1P4!
tistimee'ji.,nuiNis -*re; teat obit ,t*.A .TA-that vA325,:si'liodith
head; doeitor in Our 1h04-ital- got tha iarnt @d113.$35 q', ?. vary
?ical MindeVdentist 'Qiemiected, witi the hovial got tThe'..tolgivalent
tiki,32 WE:Ain't-a good, dentist, either. It is lig! fetal1 that
he, whedmace 9f:..pr.,k ma, meet g,ttrpofxstil, largely intended 50X1
50X1miii? think, ',and.,1-ahter 50X1
. . . .
,
diPatilitUria44,1t4044.bt, se the' ordirmary pemon toad
fiteetka5L
to tk ttoa theY iffere
..tO.Rramote,..
LI
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50X1 6. Pilot ( rfo'i the ';qcoAriaith ??(q)ptOSSioal lat)01,:ttera akid'56
. .
020.4m.ed- 160til 'Connecteei ,theKm. 10,h,e7 also-ran a dunt? Lae of.ligrge
of'then,(forig.ppoii:304 boy to too city a.hd anOWer, to the
aboat:5 Ther lot-Rigel@ oathcompriaed. -a email
? ? . ?,1 ? ,
of
.1*.the. Tike ',peadah
10,2* megda %.144,* rce4siow tei4414
lotO , ,',E6Oher Is61e,n, the Ogiemwhist@ took q"),-.v,,;
.the opliestotilngi,;12the Aid. in 19W io aoto'matiol of the ,
U1,1:1?Th 'cii-mrtLiali.eiiieiti and *?Stera tbrongh- two maths'
izAontrinattom, UO': SZA, if- their oubstqw,nt emainatiow
-011.0/Ot )216:6.iiol to ka?deiBt
laWrgeictalog Wadtt 'fr they had to do TviAtil
thiarAltiely.,? athwc.4TAr,1:..iort do glot?,doubt-btt Vat -zany of to
ended,by,l)fr4ting:"Calimoinigto, 'It sholtIld. be :rrealenbertdi however p that
the Cammilap toto did lint, take 'it for .401Wateeth:st Lice people wad stay
Stri0Eledi ? OgIde they laectitcg 'the new dpttto Lory two Vat'ka
*maimed on cue amitentl..ifthe one (APcily paPertoftlyean:s,'
answer@ had to be acceptable. Zrx 1952, when the Comunists
comidered themselves atrong emUghy they had a real purge of the local
tuireliablen. SViynaTa they killeA 1k4 peoples, including three
priests, businese nen, rich ipple, KrAla alleged @pies. The invaled
50X1 phoepital twice, and during the night Ingely &t ed
and vent so for in their search for damning evidence a ey mode
50X1 irobo. At the @ant tines, evidently they mere pretty saxious to
,choo
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_prevent any sign of
as allowed to take
CONFIDENTIAL
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their work leaving the country,
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nothing whatever whether
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papers or other mementoes
,o brihg a
newspaper, but
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they even took that
away
7.
Physical control of
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people in Suiyuan was very close, freedom to
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move about the city,
always being stopped and asked
for identi-
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fication,
ear a taage that stated part of
the hospital?
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Nobody coui.a .ieave i?e
city without permission, and when he
wanted to go
anywhere he first had to explain why. Then, on arrival at his destination,
he had to report to the local Communist authority. This was easy because
every establishment of any kind was run by some Communist, It was not
a matter of going to
a police or party headquarters. As a matter of fact,
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suppose
everywhere else, had people in it who reported
who, in turn, doubtless reported
to party or
to the Communist bosses
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police higher upo
o evidence of a secret police hierarchy,
al-
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though it was well known
nurses had to make regular.reports
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about the doctors. ad armed guards standing around
in the
hospital, and the city itself was full of uniformed police? There were
armed guards all over -- Old City, New City, Station City, and Mongol
City. Every corner you could find a pair of them armed with rifles,
and their habit was to stop a pedestrian and demand to see papers.
Anyone could do that; even children got into the habit.
8. The Communist method of dealing with local farmers and industry was
simply to move in on them Everything anybody
did was for the state, Farm products were sold only to the government
at prices fixed by the government, and the same thing was true of local
?
manufacture and processing. This cut out the middleman and capitalist
entirely. What they did to make a living I do not know, although many
of them worked on construction gangs for building things like the new
Mongol City and the railroads. As for the method of handling the farmers,
one of the first things the Communists did was divide and fence in
land, and in the beginning the little farmers thought that was a pretty
good deal as it gave many of them more territory, However, the farmers
in that area, especially the herdsmen, are not the kind that take
fencing in easily, and they soon came to detest the arrangement.
They also disliked the economic curbs put on them, such as control of
their marketing procedures and prices. A farmer could not buy a horse
without proving that he needed one to the officials, nor could he sell
one without the government arranging that. Then, whatever the price
turned out to be, the government would want to know what he intended to
do with the money, and force him to bank most of it. The business of
buying and selling a horse -- once so simple -- became an involved
operation that took two or three months. The sum total result of this
kind of control was that the farmer very quickly learned that there was
no particular point in breaking his back to produce in the hope of
making a good living for his family, and he began to stop working so
hard. His one aim came to be to feed his own family, and although he
was supposed to bring all his crops to the controlled market he kept
what he could on the sly.
9. Produce extracted from the farmer was sold in the state stores, and
prices were usually so high that the non-farmers were hard put to it
to pay for food. Many tried to have little gardens of their own, but
the Communists stopped that on the excuse that gardens were the province
of the farmer; he would raise all the food needed and the government
would provide it. The result, of course, was that the rich got poor
and the poor lived on a diet that was barely at subsistence levels. It
appeared that the Communists purpose was to keep everybody at rock
bottom and dependent on the government for existence in any form.
Private cars disappeared, herders stopped raising horses, and all the
other elements that go to make city or country people want to work
disappeared. In their place is the constant propaganda hammering and
an effort to make everyone turn to the party for every idea and every
accomplishment.
CONFIDENTIAL
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e t?11414,' 1 -,. t4t0,4314,4rto:' the ' fanner benefitted le whole 'are ? ,
r! ?v, ti '.
10 . *It ,m
that ie the , eradication of,' opiulhe :, are irg:.poppies; for::opi ,,, 'wait one
of the pain:Aectiyities, 1.414 the, Suiyuan. area Between' the it. ,of. &dynast ,
and ,Pao-t?,?(:thgt,r.(0,1',1?T.V,P tWo; tolid miles of n*thing but poppie . Now
th t area is put to grain. Be ween 60-74 4 the people used i
before the C ,ts put a' atop ' to it* What the ( 4, it ,, 0,1 iist,i, did
fir t tselue,axpr, Ilinatio announcing th t anyone *wad * tO a, ho-pital
to be cured,: of, e, habAt c. TO litonttle Jdater -they, put, all the?
they c ,ght Into Jailo 3Atting;th.,., out after Et, eoviple of leeks. 'Later,
there was .a.no= leap projelamation,o, this, one , tooting that anyOne caUfght ,
*Xing i heMere,r,thlWguld(Ate, ehot, A ehelk 'lot of
,i.1+14
*ker , ere , shot', ,', Thrisv-,,p1440,, the -;b0rning egn e .pOPPY fields, Aid,
g*. deal, to, the) ;peal ',.413,, e ? tiOn," and there:'in no
50X1 none *,f,,it;'14n iyuali),. ,he,,....,,,,.,;.,(1,iints are elibereitely( `
raising 'At: aewhere?,;feripolipiticall wrposes, but .not in 'the are - of '
Buttnelne.' ,; 0-,' v,). :1". 11:,:ct 1(-) 0 :tau; ,
,,,',11 :nu-,:-:1.:.-.,:',-.,',", 4111' 11' .",-, ,
11. :with " , falOnex*tand,,, itytpebplerused *iiiele,,, 'Mae it pee le nany
117=0,k04; . 9. ",.1)4t the !,/ , pretenreti" to ,aiske 'a, soliti(v- 'and drink Iti; '
Mothers , would! :01; . Ek,t' itheir 'babies4 and IlieitiY, .iii]drin .
,,(4sed. , Youngsters oft iwtort 'even; o - ,I,,eked, it netCh us Illy' ted ,
Ti fio 0 4 1410104i it i lit qua( r:to cure- in ab ' ital. -Mien ,,thiey are
around 101 le le% ly.by Anna Of :greduail"withdrival. ,, a tter .f
facto king good, pium, does not np rpiallv alpk nnr doee it
. one pure dadeptible 11(9) d t 110616, disdat,Se ,a Valeta:Joni
tient ',who t mok had 7 tte be stillett. elPrit= (,,Nr ,eise me WOILLCC Olo. 50X1
50X1 fOlrma, another , thing, ' after a "rale against
50X1 it it effeety to:lode table,* hdepital for- n.o ' 50X1
OpptireMt re 31 ?:they Jt'' **VII ?t ?attor their ., 50X1
mothers been : oker awl 1 that it:tett-borne of: eking mothers ?neat :be
given.opi tt maket ,eato. l Fol,i, , rly the no ars 'Oda& Supply it '
tboraeires?but in the toe 4t. there ,i- s 'none ,givei[..,141 1,,,o ale. they
eeks .anaAarter 141e3 tne iltrarc eouad awry, (?,n, 3,4 1_ pn all't 1 it ;
50X1 n0 NIPPIT0' haft tit ,,,,,, L 4 pi 1 ,. , to e?le ani;lk tOr o u. le
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e 1484, !Vat Ufrainin a Wge h*ttlie -13x for the first; week
vain, the see.114 Week. , :Mat tePko :lout without it
12? 11,1474Pg :to Zavernsi Pti.ath% navt. Mongol,: ;City on=J.e northern. Me :CPI
0431,yuen ig,,tile gg, ..)0 941' I e?,,,,,-r imioN I9lian Autonnshous ' egion.: 50X1
do not' 'luicw too EtniP113 ,44eat, itr,or h reozh, territory , it will govern,.
50X1 litAerata,n4ing that, it ;Jill !taiga : ewe s . inhabited i, wetly, by
Mongols in Ningsia,o Ahab. ;11,suiynan, ..11, ,,Zrehol, 4 ee western part .of ,
Iffingatak1.-neX:tt. Ina: a c.ality of INingsta iitselfr "Allah .i I.'led.' by
g4ntWo4 .,'It Imitito NOMA 1 parate, area .1 fransui,=inoluding the
50X1 City at: Lanabow; -haaw=the = oat lth :Iav province,. lee
diviint ,,Ivere bet* :*et,"1/P'' ?The WAR began ,to ,function 50X1
aholitythe,baginming-Of'419531,0604 rePoxiwto'Relaingd its 50X1
relev RAP (ta? Petp i. 1 lisulike t =or -ithe Mkraine to Itbseow.
head fof,', ,,,,,e,,IMAR gotmernsient :Ms isofonger el' genie 1 141-,,,ii, d Linil Way
who 'o ce tserVedb-,under $the. J Pane to wife for tuber- 50X1
50X1 OLIOSis other officials of the
'0,:tvc,--, ,,,-.1,-LtC t;erl .'..t'Onl '1,1q.1 . ,' ..
13. TherSuiyueop Provtac,iail gdvar nt S in Veit Mosr,eity of Iva& 9 I a
tke gavel:more' ,e-,,,it:fTet-Iings,i, dame
fri. e ar ; -He was ?once a
teacher; an ie an entreinely dirtellige t man.; Prior to the, MAR, he
Uth the top offidial in the entiee' provinee' of Suiyuan:o but ii,1.1' the
e tabli Inherit or the 'WM ttiS power,-wasdrasticeill edUOLj alth
he Still has noininal co trbl, of that ',part' of Sulyuan, s ill co i
t
he Chine e. -lie 'eport; to' the, WAR gave nt now
not direct to TeiPing eta ,heay do' so fin purely
14. The Chief of '%%tie ffiFY r the Province lives in
Hie, nae t ./a2ang Ka-10134Pr .1.k
is, originally from peho as' are %any f ,the. Coannunist orricials.
".,lice J. lei' of, the city o Wu Te-mingo was also fres Kupeho 14 was
formerly a she erd and is a rouging Communist. We k.L. his wife in the
ThESTIAL
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Awarimmprg,
hospital a0 PAnentoz aisad Irequentlr when he visited!: her he,would,
e staff' into, her ran eve Forevidi,s talks ebont
150 extremely i iotarlt .man the, orea.Foo? i!bai Pe-te 2 are'et4
eiaigatinigt "eV of auUnar.1 EtV/F1110.0 Va0 7-61\08124 ?49?? .
50X1 sad, was .$31 iftt Dx.qipits,1 four or, five, ?times. .410 is
Mout. J)-i 111M6 f4 ?tI1eli10 Mtn and rpt s direcL1' to Peiping.
Indy was .afraid,'of 1b view the, -usual, Ocancushist clotheA of
jacket,. and Aen. he wow in the hospital alwaTa had '670 of aaa ?
cm 'guards in .attendance.
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C
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4(943 got on :becamse;;therdo: not ' anderstarst eosh other'o Ungufskiga-
? c:.Mougoas.in,.-the area:ore,noofly.:shepheris?, trot ,there wg40 never
rellasm, for tbmpp.',W;isof. oe,,comet-- thqty did not, caw into the city
learn* '.A word:of, the' .1 u.!gri... Rpm wo . , ,q.):);12Xsic w. ttat. m betwQe n ? tite
,09nbi?i;,(-!Mont01-.4ataents,., but over cyears of, ,medicine 50X1
;a
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gif, avernment'and*he faanese Provinicial, officials 50X1
preonwabalr'Uo' aineat,.:Toave to leargt 444ngolim if they Io not alreoAr
4Litrom. tb..,1 .x.gvspit. of-this 1aAuagef.ba-rritr9 Lioe 50X1
po4tL:.tendency ,:itt: Aare Vowawail,Nter Mongolia than toward ina.? a*
e.imilgence of,i1hrtn, is strawr :now i7.01,BoAr Ikngfala that it woo in
195.0.,-:.Maay, o the oftlelolvi.apparently cam fru% QI.Eter Mo olio in
1951,0 , ki? :there \!Pms a move? to ,brltn :all, witkrow of. pater Itigus?;.:19,ig into
the: ret* Order to isolant.MoD4olialm claltlw,(1..and dAveloro telatirm
50X1 betveen L,le tWb areas. r'otio .is why the tendency is to lean
It -that direction, ILAIStead'of ekmthearti. '
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19.
20.
IoRICk
shout Prince 'Eta.. into in the summer of 1953
he -wo 1ivin to the mountains in the Mongolian part of
tecoopO.,:ue. Mat' fran Suirkon, to ASO cAt 0?.9
it vas reloret. tbst thin were fltigg'..01tit 640313trAgAt inooTeh who woo
renectect:to wan, agar to. .4)-4,14,4',o1, 'from .tIte imgamttolms.'
thvt. ;he., ever actually -.14e mere were 0000,slons1. reports
y sei local'. roper, thalt lieh and,his foil:war:S. Wart andertaking..-egA0 Irina
atos,''such as agoiMt, the'.ral1rolds. vas
4,063* .).-mporgts of bits beizag In., the mOtKltains,,- .although
Da(M8` stworr eg, e. be hag ": ILIVARO,'.ray0XV17tS,Were not -new, and
'.3xte.m...aorrent.,evertsime the CoMUntists too.:over ,the- eZeg
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