SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100180001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 109
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 8, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 31, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SCIENTIFIC
INFORMATION REPORT
31 October 1958
Distributed Only By.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
OFFICE OF TECHNICAL SERVICES
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
PB 131891T-9
Issued Semi-monthly. Price: Per year $28.00; Single issue $2.75[''.4) JI91} 4. f
/\nnl'~icrn f' ~~_~Jr?t~Ain^t CJ.'? 1 crorr~a C.cn~c~
imrnrJi 1,360
and . 1.405 is found. Because of the high volatility of A1F3, phase V was
not fully investigated. Six ternary eutectic points were discovered:
- 24 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 ACPYRGHT proved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
(1) 22 BaF2, 43.2 Air3, 20.6 NaF, 14.2 CaF2, 652?; (2) 22 BaF21
46.3 A1F3, 10.5 NaF, 21.2 caF2, 660?; (3) 27.0 BaF2, 38.2 A1F3,
19.0 NaF, 15.8 Cal~2; 6200,? (4) 27.0 BaF2, 42.0 Allr
'3 , 4.9 NaF, 26.1 CaF2,
685?; (5) 32.0 BaF2, 32.0 AlF31 17.0 Na.F, 19.0 CaJ2, 660?; and
(6) 32.0 BaF2, 39.7 A1F3, 7.6 NaF, 20.7 caF2, 678?.
Miscellaneous
18. Measures Adopted to Expand Soviet Research in Organic Synthesis
"Expand Scientific Research in Field of Organic Synthesis,"
by Academician A. V. Topchiyev, chief scientific secretary,
Presidium of Academy of Sciences USSR; Moscow, Pravda, 6 Jun
58, p 2
In this article the author points out that certain institutes and
scholars of the Academy of Sciences USSR are still insufficiently inte-
grated with industry; they are not clearly aware of the requirements or
the needs of industry and thus are not able to contribute adequately in
the development of new technological processes.
The Academy of Sciences USSR has adopted a series of measures for
the expansion in the work of its chemical institutes and in the concen-
tration of efforts by its scholars for the solution of important scientific-
technical problems.
The Institute of High-Molecular Compounds in Leningrad will expand its
work in the search for new heat-resistant polymers, methods for their sta-
bilization, and the study of physicomechanical characteristics.
A new laboratory for the study of the theoretical basis of new methods
for obtaining polymer products and the study of their characteristics will
be established in the Institute of Chemical. Physics, Academy of Sciences
USSR.
Elsewhere, work will be expanded on the chemical conversion of petro-
leum and gases for obtaining semifinished materials of polymer compositions,
on radiatl.uu chemistry, and on the production of new elementoorganic
monomers and polymers.
25
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The Academy of Sciences USSR and the Ministry of Chemical Industry
USSR has organized a Scientific-Technical Council, on Polymers in which
will be included a number of important scholars and engineers. The
council will direct and coordinate theoretical and applied research in
the field of polymers.
The Academy of Sciences USSR proposes to establish an Institute of
Petroleum-Technological Synthesis, new institutes, divisions, and labora-
tories in Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Kazan', and other major industrial centers.
New institutes will also be established in the Ukraine, in Uzbekistan, in
Azerbaydzhan, and in other union republics. In addition, the following
institutes will be called on to contribute to this new program: Institute
of Automatics and Telemechanics, Institute of Radio Engineering and Elec-
tronics, Physicotechnical Institute, and a number of other institutes of
the Academy of Sciences USSR and the academies of sciences of the union
republics.
Finally, the Academy of Sciences USSR will soon conduct a session
where a discussion will be held concerning the strengthening of the bonds
between institutes of the Academy of Sciences USSR, sovnarkhozes (councils
of national economy) of the country, and other scientific research organi-
zations in order to assist industry in the development of chemical products.
19. New Chemical Institutes Formed Throughout USSR
"The Network of Scientific Research Chemical Establishments
Is Being Expanded" (unsigned article); Moscow, Promyshlenno-
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, No 101, 24 Aug 58, p 1
A new Scientific Research Institute is being o:;ganized in Yaroslav.
The institute will conduct research or. the production of raw materials --
monomers for synthetic rubber.
A new Institute of the Petroleum and. Chemical Industry will soon begin
work on the development of a new process of obtaining semiprocessed petro-
leum products for polymer materials.
Branches of the Leningrad and Moscow scientific research institutes
of plastics are being formed in Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, a branch of the
Moscow Paint and Varnish Institute is being formed in Chelyabinsk, and a
branch of the Leningrad Institute of Synthetic Rubber is being formed in
Yerevan. In both Kiev and Krasnoyarsk, branches of the Institute of
Artificial Fibers will be formed.
At the same time in all the important centers of chemical industry
branches of the Moscow Experimental-Design Bureau of Automatics will be
formed.
- 26 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
20. Status of Chemical Research in Leningrad Area
"The People of Leningrad Will. Introduce Worthy Contributions,"
by M. Sidorov, head, Industrial Division of Leningradskaya
Oblast Party Committee; Moscow, Izvestiya, 24 Jun 58, p 2
The Adminstration of the Chemical Industry, Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz,
has at present no planning, design, or scientific research organization
under its jurisdiction, although these organizations exist in the Leningrad
area. To correlate and coordinate chemical research, especially in the
field of polymers, part if not all of the chemical organizations in the
Leningrad area are scheduled to be placed under the administrative juris-
diction of the Leningradskiy Sovnarkhoz. Many of these organizations are
currently subordinate to the State Committee of the Council of Ministers
USSR on Chen...stry.
The following institutions, located in Leningrad, are currently con-
ducting research on problems concerning the synthesis of new polymers and
tug structure of the high-molecular compounds which determine their proper-
ties: Institute of High-Molecular Compounds, Academy of Sciences USSR;
Institute of Applied Chemistry; Scientific Research Institute of Polymer-
ized Plastics; Scientific Research Institute of Synthetic Rubber; Scien-
tific Research Institute for Petroleum Processing; Leningrad Branch of the
Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Machine Building; and planning
and design institutes and bureaus.
21. Specialists in Polymer Materials To Be Trained in Irkutsk
"On the Shores of Lake Baykal," by N. Yaropolov, deputy chairman,
Irkutskiy Sovnarkhoz; Moscow, Trud, No 141, 18 Jun 58, p 2
Since the chemical industry is greatly expanding in Irkutskaya Oblast,
a large number of specialists with both secondary and higher educations
are needed. To meet this requirement a number of secondary educational
establishments of the Irkutskiy Sovnarkhoz will begin training technicians
in polymer materials in 1959. In addition, an evening technological insti-
tute will be opened which will train engineers-technicians and mechanics
for the chemical industry.
In Irkutsk State University a special course has been organized which
will turn out specialists in the chemistry and physics of polymer products.
- 27 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
22. New Chemical Research Facilities To Be Organized in Bshkirskaya ASSR
"On the Path Toward More Chemistry," by V. Fedorov, chairman,
Bashkirskiy Sovnarkhoz; Moscow, Izvestiya, 18 Jun 58, p 2
Nw,,erous chemical establishments in the Bashkirskaya ASSR will soon
organize bases for scientific research in chemistry. Taking the initia-
tive in this will be the Bashkir Affiliate of the Academy of Sciences USSR,
which will shortly establish an Institute of Chemistry and a series of
laboratories and cabinets.
The Bashkirskaya ASSR is planning to establish a sufficient number of
chemical research facilities to entice large numbers of highly qualified
chemists from Moscow and other large centers of the USSR. In addition, a
branch of the Institute "Giprokauchuk" is planned for the Bashkirskaya
ASSR.
- 28 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08: CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
III. EARTH SCIENCES
23. Earth's Gravitational Field
"Gravimetry," Soobshch. o nauchn. rabotakh o eod. (Reports
of Scientific Work in Geodesy), 1957, pp 2 -29 from Refera-
tivnyy Zhurnal -- Astronomiya i Geodeziya, No 8, Aug 58
CPYRGHT Abstract No
54+3
"Work on gravimetry, based on materials published in the USSR during
the years 1934-1956, is briefly reviewed. The review concerns absolute
determinations of the force of gravity, the establishment of g values in
initial points and in the reference network of the Soviet Union, evalua-
tion of accuracy of measurements, unification of field gravimetry work,
theory, analysis and test of pendulum devices and gravimeters, calibration
of gravimeters and processing of observations, and investigations of the
vertical gradient of the force of gravity."
24. Earth's Fi ure and Gravity
"Determination of the Figure, Dimensions, and Gravitational Field
of the Earth," Soobshch. o nauchn. rabotakh o eodezii (Reports
of Scientific Work in Geodesy), Moscow 1957, pp 30-37 (from Re fera-
tivn Zhurnal -- Astronomiya i Geodezi , No 8, Aug 58, Abstract
CPYRGHT No 5 17
"In a review of scientific problems connected with practical require-
ments of geodesic work, basic principles are reported by F. N. Krasovskiy for
the determination of the ellipsoid and its orientation and on research by
I. D. Zhongolovich concerning the gravitational field, the flattening of the
ellipsoid, and the figure of the geoid by expanding the anomalies of the
force of gravity into spherical functions. Research by M. S. Molodenskiy
and his students concerning geodesic gravimetry and the theory of the Earth's
shape is described."
25. Figure of the Earth
"Solution of the Integral Equation Determining the Figure of the
East},," by M. I. Yurkina. Tr. Tsentr. n.-i. in-ta geod., aeros'-
CPYRGHT ye'mki i kartogr., 1957, No 121, pp 41-42 (from Referativny r
Zhurnal -- Astronomiya i Geodeziya, No 8, Aug 56, Abstract No 5427)
"It is suggested, in the numerical integration of the Molodenskiy equa-
tion determining the Earth's figure, to determine the first approximation by
plotting the simple density layer oos g- on the auxiliary sphere of
- 29 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
CPYRGHT
radius R +Ho, where R is the terrestrial radius, Ho the normal altitude
of the investigated point, and g - ~' the anomalies at the points of the
physical surface of the Earth. Remark by the Editor: This method holds
only in the particular case, when the normal altitude' of the investigated
point is not over the normal altitudes of other points of the environment."
26. Uzbek Branch of All-Union Petroleum Scientific Research Geologico-
prospecting Institute Established in Tashkent
"Research Center of Petroleum Industry in Uzbekistan:' (un-
signed article); Moscow, P.romyrahlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
No 102, 27 Aug 58, p 1
An Uzbek Branch of the All-Union Petroleum Scientific Research
Geologicoprospecting Institute (Uzbekskiy Filial, Vsesoyuznyy Neftyanyy
Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Geologo-razvedochnyy Institut) has been estab-
lished in Tashkent; its director is A. M. Akram-Khodzhayev. The branch
institute is scheduled to conduct research on improving methods used in
the Uzbek SSR for industrial processing of deposits. To do this research,
the institute has organized ten special laboratories equipped with the
latest equipment.
27. Soviet Scientist Visits Czechoslovakia
"Local and Foreign News" (unsigned article); Prague, Obrana
Lidu, 20 Sep 58, p 2
I. E. Starik, Corresponding Member of Academy of Sciences USSR and
chairman of the Commission for Determining the Absolute Age of Geological
Formations, Geological-geographical Section of Academy of Sciences USSR,
recently visited the Czechoslovak Institute of Nuclear Physics, Czecho"
slovak Academy of Sciences.
28. New Chinese Periodical
Title: Ts'e-liang Chi-t'u Hsueh-pao (Acts Geodetica et Cartographica
Sinica) ~.-'-- -'
Periodicity: Quarterly
Editor: Geodetic and Cartographic Society of China Preparatory Com-
mittee -$.1 i~+.l 'L It- i~ 'I , A- A
Editorial board includes Fang Chun chairman; Yeh Hsueh-an
( v l- ) and Ning Tu-i ( rT. ), vice-chairmen; and
others.
30
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Publisher: K'o-hsueh Ch'u-pan-she, Peiping.
Contents of Vol 2, No 2, April 1958: The journal's purpose, as
stated in this issue, is "to publish articles on geodesy and cartography,
including original works, reviews of major achievements in foreign re-
search, and critiques of Chinese publications." Authors are instructed
to indicate on their manuscripts their respective organizational affili-
ations and current occupations. However, published articles do not all
give this information.
Vol 2, No 2, contains four original articles: three with Russian
abstracts and one with an English abstract. Titles and authors include
CPYRGHT the following:
"Conversion of Khristov's Formula for Gauss Conformal Projection
With a Constant Coefficient to I. T. Letoval'tseva's Formula and Expan-
sion," by Shih Shu-sen Wuhan Institute of Geodesy and
Cartography.
"Formula for the Conversion of Coordinates From a Gauss Projection
Zone to an Adjacent Zone and From Lambert's Secant-Cone Projection to Gauss
Projection by the Method of Supplementary Points at Any Position," by Yeh
Hsueh-an (a-t ), Wuhan Institute of Geodesy and Cartography.
"Preliminary Report on the Investigation of Wooden Towers of
Triangulation, " by Lin Ming-i Wang Kuang-yun
and Wang Hua-chun ( 4 ), Laboratory
of Geodesy and Cartography, Academia Sinica.
"Preliminary Report on the Investigation of the Accuracy of Con-
centrating Control Points by Pencil Reduction With an A5 Plotting Apparatus
and by the Use of No-Warpage Model (a)," by Chen Hsien-k'eng
- 31 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
IV. ELECTRONICS
Communications
29. New Leningrad TV Tower
"New TV Tower for Leningrad TV Center," by 0. I. Shumitskiy
and L. G. Dmitriyev; Leningrad, Byulleten' Tekhnicheskoy
Informatsii (po stroitel'stvu), No ?Jul 5 , pp 14-17
Lenproyekt and Kiev " Proyektstal'konstruktsiya" have completed the
design of a 316-m television tower for the new Leningrad TV broadcasting
center. The tower will be a hexagonal lattice-type all-welded prestressed
structure utilizing rolled thick-walled tubes. The antenna on this tower
will be capable of transmitting several black-and-white and one color
broadcasting program. It is expected that such a tower can be erected in
6 monthri.
Electromagnetic Wave Pro agation
30. Radipwdve Absorption in Ionosphere
"Absorption of Radiowaves in the Ionosphere According to Radio Obser-
vations of Artificial Earth Satellites," by A. N. Kazantsev, T. S. Romanova,
and A. Ya. Klementenko; Moscow, Radiotekhnika i Elektronika, No 9, Sep 58
pp 1107-1121
The article describes a method for determination of absorption coef-
ficient of radio waves in the ionosphere by measuring the electric field
intensity. By comparing the integral absorption coefficient at various
altitudes of the satellite with respect to the maximum of electron concen-
tration in the F2 layer, the radiowave absorption was determined over the
whole thickness of the F2 layer, as well as for layers below.
To measure field intensity from the satellite-borne transmitters,'
radio-comparator stations of the Ministry of Communications USSR located
at various points in the Soviet Union were utilized. These stations were
equipped with type VINP and THE-18 automatic recording field intensity me-
ters. The Moscow and Khabarovsk comparator points processed the data.
The data from the first satellite for 5, 6, and 7 October 1957 and data
from the second satellite for 3, 7, and?8 November 1957 'were carefully
analyzed. In this analysis three separate ranges were studied: the range
of direct visibility, the. medium-distance range,and great-distance range
(6,000-8,000 km).
- 32 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Preliminary investigation has shown that integral absorption in the
F2 layer as determined from the experiment agreed well with theoretical
calculations. For great distances, i.e., from 6,000 km, the actual field
-Intensity exceeded the calculated values for conditions of ideal propa-
gation. This points to the fact that for great distances the electromag-
netic propagation was along ionospheric radioducts. Under these conditions
the signals from the satellite could be heard as far as 16,000 km.
Computers and Automation
31. Systems of 400 Unknowns Solved by New Computer
"SESNt' (unsigned article); Moscow, Nauka i Zhizn', No 9, Sep 58,
p 66.
The electronic computer constructed at the Computation Center of the
Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR is known by the designation "SESM."
Large numbers of ferrite elements, electron tubes, and semiconductor ele-
ments are employed within it. Its area is not great; in all, 8 square
meters; in addition, it is simple in control. During one shift the
machine does the work which would require 20 individuals a month to do
using ordinary calculators. According to the article, the "SESt' is the
first machine of its type in the USSR and Europe which can solve a system
of linear algebraic equations having up to 100 unknowns. The "SESM" per-
mits one to solve a series of complex problems concerning the construction
of hydrotechnical installations, geodetics, and mathematical physics. With
the help of this machine independent practical problems and problems of
mathematical research have already been solved.
The new computer was developed by a group of scientists and engineers
under the direction of S. A. Lebedev, Active Member, of the Academy of
Sciences Ukrainian SSR, and E. L. Rabinovich, Candidate of Technical Sciences.
[For additional information on computers, see [Item No 121.]
- 33 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Instruments and Equipment
32. Precision Angular Velocity Measurement
"Heterodyne Device for Precise Measurement 'of" Angular
Velocity," by R. I. Utyamyshev; Mowcow, Pribory i Tekhnika
Eksnertmenta, No li., Jul/Aug 58, pp 66-68
The article describes an instrument for precision measurement of
angular velocity based on heterodyne comparison of transducer voltage fre--
quency with the frequency of a quartz oscillator. The device, operates in
conjunction with photoelectric and induction transducers. The detection
range of the device is from 110 to 11,100 rpm with a precision of 4 0.25 rpm.
The photoelectric-transducer consists of an illuminator, photocell
FSA-1, and a disk with two rows of calibrated holes; the disk is attached to
the rotating shaft. The working range of the device is divided into two
bands: the lower for 110-1,100,rpm, and the upper for 1100-11,100 rpm.
Each band is further subdivided into 20 subbands, which is accomplished by
the use of 20 quartz resonators. These resonators maintain the frequency
stability within 0.01%.
The circuit of the device is made - of two quartz oscillators, mixing
stage, discriminator amplifier, photoelectric transducer voltage, amplifier,
phase shifter, and a terminal stage connected to the winding of a synchronous
motor diving the magnetic tachometer. On the instrument board are mounted
two magnetic tachometers, one for measurement of the difference of frequencies
and the other for continuous rough reading (# 0.5%).
33. Hi h-Speed Oscilloscope
"High-.Speed Pulse Oscilloscope," by L. S. Bartenev G., V. Glebo-
vich, L. V. Goryachev, and Yu..A. Sharov, Scientific Research
Radiophysics Institute; Moscow, Pribory is Tekhnika Eksperimenta,
No 4, Jul/Aug 58, pp 63-65
:inthisoscilloscope the high-speed sweep voltage is obtained by utilizing
? ionizat
h
jon c
aracteristics of a pulse thyratron. The maximum speed of sweep
is 2X10 cm/sec, which permits examination of pulses with minimum duration
of 5X10-10sec. The oscilloscope uses a deflection system buil'tS in the
form of a transmission line.
- 34 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The oscilloscope has two sweep units: a high-speed sweep unit with
0.1-, 0.05-, and 0.015-microsec-duration sweep and a superhigh-speed sweep unit
with 0.004- to 0.005-micros ec-duration sweep. To calibrate the investi-
gated pulse, two sinusoidal wave oscillators operating at 200 or 500 Mc are
provided. The trigger system consists of external trigger pulse amplifier,
a blocking oscillator, and two cathode followers. For undistorted reproduc-
tion of short-duration pulses a special ccathode.rray' tube: was used; its
vertical deflection system was built in the form of a simple transmission
line and each plate of the tube had a rigid outlet through the bulb. To
one end of such a!.line the examined pulse is fed through a matched cable;
the other end of the line is terminated with a resistance equal to its
characteristic impedance. The thus-matched deflection system permits the
passage of 1,000-Mc band. The accelerating voltage in the tube might be as
high as 3 kv and the deflection sensitivity up to 9 v/mm.
The oscilloscope has provisions for measurement of pulse duration by
means of comparison with a sinusoidal voltage; the pulse amplitude can be
measured by comparison with dc voltage.
34. Pulse-"Height Analyzer with Cathode-Ray Tube
"Amplitude Analyzer, With Ca,tho'de.Ray Tube,"' by A; P., Tsitovich;
Moscow, ' Pribory, ' i' Tekhnika Eks p erimenta, " No 4.1 ' Jul/Aug 58,
pp: 40-50. .,
The article describes a 49-channel pulse-height analyzer with a stor-
age cathode-ray tube on the screen of which the examined spectrum is re-
corded. and observed in linear coordinates. The analyzer has 147 "binary"
channels and a storage capacity of 213.,
The device is built in two units: the storage unit, which acts as a
registering device, add the input unit, which converts the pulse amplitude
into pulse width. All the time relationships :area formed in a master
timing oscillator of the storage unit. The operating cycle of this timing
oscillator is 20 microsec; during this period of time the beam scans the
dotted raster of the screen. The examined pulse is first admitted to.-the
input unit where it is stored until the beginning of a ne$i'fr#me, after
which the pulse amplitude is converted into the width of the-pulse, i.e.,
a pulse is formed which is delayed with respect to the beginning of a
frame by a time interval proportional 'l.to the amplitude of the pulse.
The storage system is based on representation with rings and dots.
This analyzer was used to examine radioactive isotopes (U238, Pu239,
Am241) with the aid of an ionisation chamber developed in the Laboratory
of S. A. Baranov. The experiment revealed that this analyzer permits ob-
taining the measured spectrum directly. The instrument is a table model
and incorporates 60 tubes. The power consumption is about 750 w.
- 35 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The resolving power of this analyzer can be considerably increased if the
storage of the signals is carried out in an interlaced manner. The 31L033
cathode-ray tubes with white phosphor screen were specially made at the
laboratory of Tsekhanovich. The author thanks S. A. Baranov, V. I. Mosto-
voy, and H. I. Pevzner for assistance.
35. New Powerful Electron Microscope
" Mag'ietic Electron Microscope UEMB-100,"' by P. A..Stoyanov,
V. V. Polivanov, and G. A. Mikhaylovskiy; Mowccw, Pribory i
Tekhnika Ekeperimenta, No 4, Jul/Aug 58, pp 51-60
The new magnetic electron microscope UEMB-100 is a multipurpose instru-
ment with improved electronic-optical parameters. G.A. .Mikhaylovskiy,
P. A. Stoyanov, and V. V. Moseyev are the. designers 'of. the UEMB-100 micro-
scope. Its electronic -opticalsystem consists of an electron gun to which
a high voltage is fed through an armored feeder, and of a condense; objective
intermediate, and projection lensec.
The UEMB-100 has a greater resolving power (up to. 20 A) .and a wider
field of application than b-ther Soviet electron microscopes. The instrument
permits investigations with smooth changes in magnification ;'from 250 to
150,000. The accelerating potential of the microscope can be set at 50, 75,
or 100 kv, depending on the thickness and density of the specimen. With the
aid of attachments the microscope can secure images from reflected surfaces;
it can also produce diffraction patterns from powdered material.
The lighting system consists of a three-electrode gun and a condenser
lens. The electron gun has a V-shaped tungsten cathode and anode. The con-
denser lens acts as a magnetic lens with long focal. distance. The objective
lens is the most complex and responsible-component of the whole microscope.
The intermediate and projection lenses are combined into a single. projection
unit. The photographic camera holds twelve 6X9 cm plates or thirty-six
2.4X3.6cm film frames. Rotary and diffusion pumps produce a. vacuum of 3X10-4
.mm Hg. The cathode of the electron gun is heated by a high-frequency current
of about 55 kc; such current can be regulated [from .1.5 to 3 a. The lens
current can be smoothly regulated in the range from 75 to 225 milliamperes.
The lense winding is made of 20,000 turns divided into two sections (15,000'
and 5,000 turns). ,
Maximum magnification is obtained when all lenses are engaged, and a
"pole trip is mounted in the projection lens. Diffraction patterns are
obtained by using the condenser lens alone. Three such ;microscopes have
been built thus far.
- 36 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
36. New High-Voltage Electron Microscope
",Rovibet ; Electron,.. Microscopes,", By Yu.. M.: Kushnir; ; Moscow,
Pribory i Technika Eksperimenta, P'No' 1, Jul/Aug 58, pp 3-18
A high-voltage (400-kv) electron microscope was developed in 1957 by
N. M. Popov. Utilization of such a high voltage in electron microscopes
permits examination of objects much thicker than is possible with other
types of microscopes. The 100-kv microscope !,has two interchangeable
columns, one being the electron microscope proper with attachment for
taking diffraction patterns and the other a common lensless electronograph
with a universal crystal holder. The microscope consists of a multi-stage
electron gun, and of condenser, objective, 'intermediate, and projection
lenses fed from a storage battery. The high-voltage power supply consists
of a four-stage voltage multiplier built with kenotrons and R-C filters.
The microscope is mounted on an earthquake-proof foundation.
The resolving power of the microscope is 20 X and it develops magni-
fication up to 80,000. The first examinations .with' this new instrument
have revealed its;great. possibilities in the field.of examination of
minerals, metals, and biological objects.
Patents
37. Soviet Patents in Field of Electronics
"Clasb,;21.,- Electrical'.. Enginberiner '(unsigned .. article
B ulleten! ! IzobreteMiy, ,. No.. 6P.,1958, PP 34-54+
Class 21a) 108. No 113971 -- 'G. M. Utkin; Device for
Stabilization in Radio Frequency Range
Class 21a, 355o- No 113901 -- 0. A. Aleksandrov and N.
Synchronization Method for Mobile Transmitting TV Camera
Class 21a 1, 3+31. No 113909 -- V. L. Kreytser, System
Color Television
Moscow,
Frequency
N. Stepanov;
of Compatible
Class 21a 1, 3510. No 113808 -- R. A. Kudryavtsev and A. D. Kirpi
cheva; Method of Video Signal Stabilization in Facsimile Devices
Class 21a2, 1808. No 1138+0 -- I. M. Stolyarov; Three-Phase Magnetic
Amplifier.
Class 21a4' 802. No 113613 -- A. A. Timofeyev; Method for Obtaining
High-Frequency Voltage for Continuous Range
- 37 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Class 21a1, 2206. No 113636 -- Ye. K. Aukhimovich; Method for Adding
Signals in Reception on Two Mutually Perpendicular Antennas
Class 21a11.' 21. No 113877'-- G. N. Kalinin; Device for Investigating
Electromagnetic Field Near the Inner Surface of Waveguide
Class 21a11, 21., No 113982..-- B. Ye. Kinber; Commutator and Uni-
directional Circuldtor for Superhigh Frequencies
Class 21a4, 24i. No 113494 -- B. Ski. Kissel'gof; Transistorized
Frequency Converter
Class 21a1i, 2904' No 113624 -- V.'F. Shmatchenko; Magnetostrictive
Filter
Clasr, 2la4,46o6. No11393L-- Yu, V. Khodatayev; High-Frequency Cutoff
Filter
Class 21a4, 6601. No 113586 -- N. V. Ryzhkov; Air-Borne Stiff Col-
lapsible Antenna
Class 21a4, 71. No 113390 -- A. I. Tereshchenko; Method for Measure-
ment of Dielectric Constant
Class 21a4, 71. No 113565 -- T. L. Ya. Ulanovskaya and A. A. Verkho-
vin; Method for Measuring delay Time of Delay Lines,
Class 21a4, 71. No 113757 -- B. B. Burenin and I. K. Kupriyanov; De-
vice for Determination of High-Frequency Characteristics of Ferrites
Class 21c, 2602. No 113448. R. K. Pamfilov -- Contactless System
of Synchro Transmission of Angle of Rotation and Rotation of Shaft With
Aid of AC
Class 21c,.4602. No 113778 -- R. Sh, Shafeyev. Device for Remote-
Control Transmission of Angle of Rotation by Selsyn
Class 21c, 5405. No 113842 -- N. I. Voronin, R. I. Bresker, and
B. Ye. Benenson. Compound for Preparation of Temperature Compensating
Electric Resistors,
Class 21d2, 4201? No 113922 -- P. V. Chebyshev; Ferroresonant Volt-
age Regulator
Class 21e, 12. No 113411 -- A. M. Agafonnikov; Method for Changing
the Magnitude of Magnetic Field Component in Assigned Direction
Class 21e, 36. No 113350 -- I. S. Kisel'gof Phase Discriminator
Class 21g, 131. No 113403 -- V. I. Fistul' and G. E. Pines; Method
of Manufacturing Superhigh.-Frequency Detector Crystals
- 38 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
V. ENGINEERING
38. Calculation of Stresses in Delta Wings
"Method for Calculating the Strength of a Triangular Wing
With Consideration of the Elastic Butt," by V. F. Kiselev;
Moscow, Trudy Tsentrallnogo Aero-Gidrodinamicheskogo Instituta
imeni Prof N. Ye. Zhukovskogo, No 703771-9-5-7-77 pp
A method is presented for determining stresses in a triangular wing
in which the theory of Castigliano is applied in calculations ' of the
effect of an elastic butt.
Equations are developed and calculations are performed for stresses
in sections of a conical shell without taking into account the effect of
the butt end, in the region of an elastic butt, in a multispar triangular
wing, and in a swept wing with ribs parallel to lines of flow. A numeri-
cal example for a conical shell with rectangular cross sections is.
processed.
The author presents the following conclusions:
1. The theory for calculations of butt regions of conical shells is
in principle analogous to the theory for calculations of cylindrical
shells. Differential equations for the boundary problem of - a conical
shell are Euler-type equations instead of equations of the hyperbolic
type which are applied in calculations of cylindrical shells.
2. Calculation of a swept shell with ribs parallel to li'iias of flow
is reduced to the solution of differential equations of the, hyperbolic
type as in shells with normally placed ribs.
3. Calculation of stresses according to the approximated beam theory.
with reduced areas of cross sections is acceptable for all sections except
those located in end regions of the shell. Stresses calculated for root
sections according to the beam theory and those with consideration of
the boundary effect may differ by 10-20%.
This issue (i.e., of the Trudy) is designed for engineering-technical
workers of aviation design bureaus and for instructors and students in
higher schools of aviation.
- 39 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
39. Hall Effect Relays
"Relays Based on Hall Effect," by I. M. Sirota; Moscow, Vestnik
Elektro-promyshlennosti, No 9, Sep 58, pp 9-14 The article describes a method for calculation of semiconductor trans-
ducer based on the Hall effect. Such transducers are generally made of
materials possessing high carrier mobility.
Electron-type semiconductors most suitable for construction of pro-
tective relays are indium arsenide (InAs), indium antimonide (InSb), and
germanium. These materials, when highly refined, possess high carrier mo-
bility and high Hall coefficient. Investigation has shown that the greatest
power output can be obtained with.InAs. However, InSb has an.advantage of
simpler technology. At present difficulties are still experienced in
preparation of InSb and InAs plates possessing preassigned parameters.
The Hall effect can be most advantageously utilized in directional re-
lays. If such a relay is restricted to operations near normal,- then. the
InAs and InSb transducers can be connected directly to magnetoelectric or
polarized.relays without further signal amplification.
The power output of a circuit utilizing Hall effect is proportional
to the ratio of Hall coefficient to that of the specific resistance of the
plate material at given temperature and magnetic induction, and to the
ratio of the power consumed in building the magnetic field and heating to
that of the plate volume.
The author concludes that the data and equations presented in this
article will serve well for future calculations of relays .based on- the
Hall effect.
40. Successive Method of Floor Lifting in Construction of Multistory
Buildings
".Construction of Residential Buildings by Method of Successive
Lifting of Floors," by L. Yu. Gal'perin; Leningrad, Byulleten'
Tekhnicheskoy Informatsii (po stroitel'stvu , No 7, Jul 5Z,
pp 3-
The Lengiprokommuns troy Institute has developed a method for multi-
story building construction in which each successive floor (up to.500 sgmin
area) with walls is lifted by means of special hydraulic jacks' (of V. A.
Kuznetsov's design) to the desired height.
- 40 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The actual construction is done in three stages: the first stage con-
sists in construction of foundation and ground floor slab; the second stage
consists in erecting of a number of properly spaced concrete columns (about
40 X 40 cm) having the height of the whole building. On each column are
placed metallic collars depending on the number of floors. Each successive
floor slab is made on the ground-floor slab as follows: the ground-floor
slab is covered with a separating layer of paraffin, and the reinforcing
bars for the next floor slab are laid on the ground slab and are welded to
the collars; the concrete is then poured. When the concrete hardens, the
floor slab with the walls mounted on it are lifted into place by means of a
number of hydraulic jacks attached to each column.
The economic feasibility of this method can be fully evaluated only
after experimental constructions have been completed.
41. Activities of Scientific Research Institute of Electrography, Lithu-
anian SSR
"A Year of Fruitful Labor" (unsigned article); Vil'nyus Sovet-
sk_ aya Litva, No 162, 11 Jul 58, p 3
The Scientific Research Institute of Electrography, which is under
the Instrument Building Administration of the Lithuanian SSR Sovnarkhoz,
recently celebrated its first anniversary. The institute's director is
I. Zhilevich.
At present the institute consists of six laboratories, a design
bureau, experimental shops, and a division of information. Nearly 70 per-
sons are employed, who work on problems of contactless printing, electro-
photography, and high-speed X-ray photography.
During the past year the institute has developed a device for mag-
netic image recording, a ferromagnetic printing press, a photos emiconduc-
tor multiplying machine, an electrographic magnifier for oscillograms and
electrocardiograms, an electrophotocamera, a high-speed X-ray assembly, a
special machine for applying a photosemiconductor layer on cotton cloth,.
and a number of other instruments.
The -institute maintains close contact with many institutes of the
Academy of Sciences USSR and other institutes under the various sovnar-
khozes of the USSR.
-41 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
42. New Method for Solving Linear and Nonlinear Differential Equations
"New Method fdr Solving Nonlinear and Linear Equations Having
Variable Coefficients in Total Derivatives. The Finding of
Periodic Solutions," by N. K. Kulikov, Stalingrad Mechanics
Institute; Kazan', Izvesti a V sshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeni
Matematika No 4 (5), Jul/Au g 58, pp 140-152
An account of a new method is given for solving and finding periodic
solutions of differential equations in total derivatives. The essence of
the method consists of the following:
According to the method, a special form for the general solution of
all the equations is found one by one. The general solution and there-
after the periodic solutions are not sought in explicit form,
x - f(t),
as usual, but in the implicit form
'r(x,t) a 0 or y(x) = f(t).
The general solution is shown dependent on the definite number of unknown
functions, or on the order of the equation. A system of special differen-
tial equations is obtained for determination of these unknown functions.
By solving the system of auxiliary differential. equations (in some cases
exactly and in others approximately), the solution of the presented problem
is obtained. It is''extremely important that the solution of the problem
in the zero approximation is often more exact '.than' the ordinary first
approximation and that solution of the system of auxiliary equations is
not necessary.
- 42 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
43. Solution for Differential Equation Studied for Large Values of the
rgumen
"Concerning the Properties of the Solutir,ns for 'the Differ-
. n n-1 n-2
ential Equation d y N p(x) d?_,,~y 1+ q(x) L _y t f(x) ya 0
dx df - dxn - 2
and Their Derivatives for Large Values of the Argument," by
1. Ya, Gofman; Kazan', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebn kh Zavedeni
Mated ika, No 4 (5 ), Jul Aug 5d, pp 54-59
In tlis work the behavior of the solutions of the differential equa-
tion y (n + p(x) y (n - 1) ~ q(x) y(n-2) + f(x) y m 0
and the behavior of their derivatives for large values of the argument is
investigated, that is, for values of the argument lying as far as desired
beyond large positive fixed values of x.
44. Nonholonomic Geometries
"Algebraic Theory of Coordinate Structures and Geometrical Ob-
jects," by M. A. Spivak, Seratov State University imeni N. G.
Chernyshevsky Kazan'; Izvesti a V ss,hikh.Ucheb kh Zavedeni ,,
Matematika, No 4(5), Jul Aug 58) pp 236-247
In differential geometry the coordinate structures (in the sense of
Bourbaki) are the fundamental type of structure, which are determined by
a certain set of coordinate systems, that is, of partially, one-to-one,
single-valued mappings of the considered geometrical space into an arith-
metical space. Differing from the? coordinate system the partially,
one-to-one,. single-valued mappings of an arbitrary set A into an arbitrary
set B will e called partial maps, and the sets of partial maps will be
called atlases. In this work approximating theories for several types of
atlases are constructed. The axioms of these atlases represent certain
theoretical set properties of the coordinate structures of the Veblen and
Whitehead spaces, the spaces of Klein, and of tangential composite mani-
folds. In the article it is proved that the fundamental properties arise
from the corresponding coordinates of the structure chosen by the axiom
and for that reason, because of the generality, the derivation of these
'properties are significantly simplified, In addition, the partial maps
are considered as special binary relations making it possible to apply
the algebra of binary reiations,to the study of atlases.
- 43 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
45. Solution of Singular Integral Equations by Theory of Approximation
"Several Properties of Singular Integrals," by V. V. Ivanov,
Rostov Institute of Agricultural Machine Building: Kazan',
Izves _ vsshi v ,kY.
Uchebnh Zavedeniy. Matematika, No 4
5), Jul Aug 58, pp 89-95
The questions, considered in this work, are those which naturally
arise during the investigation of singular, integral equations by approxi-
mation theory. Two fundamental theorems were stated and proved.,
46. Nilpotent Algebras of Lie Classified
"Classification of the Nilpotent Algebras of Lie of the
Sixth Order," by V. V. Morozov, Kazan' . State University,
imeni V. I. Ul' yanov.-Lenin; Kazan', Izvestiya V1 sy e.hikh
Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Matematika, No 4 (5), JulAug 58 pp
1
A classification of the exact representations of the algebras of Lie
by nilpotent matrices of the fourth order was presented. From this a
classification of the nilpotent algebras of Lie of the sixth order was ob-
tained over an arbitrary field of the zero characteristic.
47. Approximation of Functions by Polynomials
"Concerning the Approximation of Functions by Polynomials
With Whole Number Coefficients," by G. A.. Zhirnov, Moscow
Aviation Institute imeni Scrgo Ordzhonikidze; Kazan',
Izvesti a V sshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Matematika. No It
Jul Aug 5b, PP 80-88
As is known, one of the important problems of contemporary mathemati-
cal analysis is the expansion of functions of one or the other class in
series of polynomials as functions of simpler classes. If the coefficients
of the polynomials are taken not only as rationale, but as whole number
rationale, the series of polynomials in which the given function is-expanded
becomes simpler. But whole number coefficients impose restrictions on the
function and on the character of that set over which approximation is con-
ducted.
In the existing literature approximations of functions were-considered
over the following sets: a segment of the real axis, and a closed bounded,
nowhere dense set which does not split the plane. However; up to the
present sets of the n-dimensional space have not been considered.
The purpose of this work is to find those conditions for the n-dimen-
sional space which would make it possible to approximate a uniform func-
tion by polynomials with whole number rational coefficients.
- 44 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
48. Galerkin's Method Generalized
"Concerning a Generalization of the Method of Galerkin," by
A. D. Lyashko, Kazan' State University imeni V. I. Ul'yanov-
Lenin; Kazan', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeni Mate-
matika, No 4(5), Jul Aug 58, pp 153-159
In this article the general theory of approximate methods was em-
ployed for an investigation of the method of .Galerkin and its modifi-
cations. Herein, in addition to a theorem concerning convergence, the
order of error of the approximation method: for a series of concrete
problems was established. Concerning the conditions of convergence, they
in one way or the other replace the condition of N. I. Pol'skiy, and thus
as a rule, appear comparatively simply.
It was noted that the theorems of convergence, presented in the work,
envelop the earlier known results of the Hilbert space.
49. Asymptotic Integration of Nonlinear Systems Generalized
"Concerning the Problem of Asymptotic Integration of Nonlinear
Systems With Many Degrees of Freedom," by N. G. Bulgakov, Ural
State University imeniA. N..Gor'kiy, Kazan', Izvestiya Vyssikh
Uchebnykh Zavedeni,4aternatika. No 4 (5), Jul Aug 58, pp 36-V0
In his work of 1949 N. N. Bogolyubov worked out a method of asymp-
totic integration of quasilinear autonomous systems having many degrees
of freedom, which enables one to study not only stationary periodic con-
ditions, but also the transitional processes or the processes of deter-
mination. N. N. Bogolyubov limited himself, however, to consideration of
the partial case when the characteristic equation of the generating
system has only one pair of critical (pure imaginary)
In this paper the results of N. N. Bogolyubov are generalized for the
case of an arbitrary number of critical roots. and the method of calcula-
ting the periodic solutions is indicated.
50. Orthogonal Polynomials in the Complex Case
"On Certain Properties of Orthogonal Polynomials
" by Ye
A
,
.
.
Sinyev; Kazan', IzvF~ stl a V,ysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy, Mathe-
matika
No 4(
) J
$
'p
,
5
ul/
ug 5
, pp 222-23
In this work several properties of polynomials, orthogonal to a con-
tour or to the area of a region lying in the complex plane, are considered.
In Section 1 the necessary and sufficient conditions are sought for
orthogonal polynomials to vanish at one and the same point.
45 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
In Section 2 the necessary and sufficient conditions are sought for
orthogonal polynomials to have a uniformly bounded number of terms
In Section 3 the asymptotic formula is considered for polynomials
orthogonal to the area of a region.
In Section 4 the problem concerning the simultaneous orthogonality
of polynomials to the contour and area of a region is considered.
51. Problem of Optimum Control Clarified
"Concerning the Correctness of Presenting a Problem of Optimum
Control," by F. N. Kirillova, Ural Polytechnic Institute imeni
S. M. Kirov; Kazan', Izves i a V sshikh Uch bn kh Zav,
n ,
Matematika, No 4 (5), Jul Aug 58, pp 113-126
In this work the continuous dependence of the solution,
uk(xlO) ., xn0, to, cl, . ,T(x10, . . , xn0,t0,c1, . . ,ce),
of the control system described by the differential equations:
n
dxi/dt - alk(t, cl, ? ? , ce) xk (t) +
kal
n b
+21 ik (t, cl, ? ? , ce ) uk, (-t) (i = 1,, . . ,
n),
where ul (t), . . , ur(t) are controlling functions, on the initial
data x10, . , xn0 and on the parameters cl, . . , ce (under certain
suppositions) is indicated. In other wgrds, the question concerning the
correctness of presenting the problem of optimum control is clari-
fied.
52. Reducibility of Infinite Groups of Cartan Transformations
"Concerning the Reducibility of Infinite Groups of Cartan
Transformations," by Ku Chao-k'ao, Moscow State University
imeni M. V. Lomonosov; Kazan', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebn kh
Zavedeniy, Matematika, No 4(5), Jul Aug 58, pp 60-66
work is dedicated to the reducibility of infinite groups of Car-
tan transformations. The transitive groups defined by differential equa-
tions of the first order are considered.
- 46 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Let G be an infinite transitive group of transformations defined by
equations of the first order in the n-dimensional space mn. It is known
that there exist invariant forms of the group wl, w2, . . . , wn satisfy-
ing the following relations:
dwi Cijk (wj wk] 1 ai jp (wj 0)
i - 1, . . . , n,
fil ( xl, . . . , xq) ( i1 s 1, 2, . . . , q),
(Ci jk . - Ci kj
where w .P are r new independent forms and wi, Cijk, and aijp are constants.
Moreover these constants are satisfied by the following conditions:
1. The system'. i i
a jp ajk< - a j ajkp rP0,-a k)~,
akA t Zt mp - akm ZRp ? Cl,Qm akkp ?+ c2 amp
k
a,Qt Ymr1 ak ~y j a m k
'y ~m - Cin C in
2. jaQ
generates the involute system.
Equation (2) indicates that the symbol
Xpf=ai xi d
p ax
(1)
(3)
C k
im (4)
(5)
n
Cif
produces a linear group, which consists of transformations of the tangent
vectors at any point p during transformations of the group, fixing the
point p. This linear group is called the adjoint linear group.
The group G is called reduced if it is possible to find such a system
of coordinates in the manifold mn (xl, x2, . . . , xn)s
such trie,t the general finite equations of G have the form
xil =
xi2 .
(6)
f12 (xq ? 1 , . .
, xn) ( i2 a q 4 1, q j 2, . , n),
where fil and fit do not depend on each other.
The following result was obtained: if the adjoint linear group L does
not have a fixed contravariant or covariant vector and is broken down to the
direct product of two linear groups L' and L' I I where L' and L'' act in subspaces
Eq and En - q, not possessing a general direction, the group G is reduced.
- 47 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
VII.. MEDICINE
Bacteriology
53. Effects of Methyl Bromide on B. pestis Studied
"Action of Methyl Bromide on B. pestis Under Experimental Con-
ditions," by S. K. Gizatullina, Tr. Rostovsk.-na-D. Gos. N.-I.
Protivochumn. In-ta (Works of the Rostov-on-Don State Scientific
Research Antiplague Institute), Vol 11, 1956, pp 59-64 (from
.Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Biolo i No 7, 10 Apr 58, Abstract No
2 999, by M. A. Gruzman
"The plague pathogen died in agar cultur-, in mucus, and in blood
following 24-hour exposure to a dose of methyl bromiie of 1.2 ml per 8 dm3
of air (150 ml per m3). Since methyl bromide does nct damage products and
objects customarily used [in culturing], is a relatively harmless poison,
and its transport, preservation, and use do not require special precautions,
it is entirely expedient, in the author's opinion, to raise the question
of replacing chloropicrin with it. For this operation, its action on ro-
dents and ectoparasites in houses must be established in advance."
54. Effects of Ultrahigh Frequency on- Microorganisms
"The Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Fields on Microorganisms,"
by P. I. Schastnaya, Tr. Khar'kovsk. Med. In-ta (Works of the
Kharkov Medical Institute), No 3 , 19552 PP 170-178 (from
Referativnyy Zhurnal --.Biolo i No 7, 10 Apr 58, Abstract
CPYRGHT No 2 97, by Ye. N. Sokurova
"The effect of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields (waves of
centimeter range) on microbial suspensions of B. coli, Staphylococcus
aureus, and Friedlander's bacillus was studied. The high-frequency fields
affected the bacteria not only by means of the thermal action of the medium,
but also by some other means. The author suggests that this specific ac-
tion is connected with increased temperature inside the bacterial cells.
The bacteriostatic action was not observed on irradiation at low tempera-
tures."
- 48 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
55.
Staining of Bacterial Spores
"Tinctorial Characteristics of Spores of Bacteria," by K. N.
Sherstoboyev, Nauch. Zap. Belotserkovsk. S.-Kh. In-t (Scien-
tific Notes of the Belotserkovskiy Agricultural Institute),
No 4, 1956, pp 119-125 (from Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Bi olo i
No 7, 10 Apr 58, Abstract No H815, by V. I. Biryuzova
"Six different shades of staining in spores of the same species of
microorganism in the same culture after using the same method of staining
were observed: azure, faintly stained, normally stained, and. intensively
stained, violet, and blue. The presence of different tinctorial types
indicates a difference in the organic composition of the spores. By in-
vestigation of preparations produced from cultures grown on a liquid
medium, which had been put into the capillary part of Pasteur pipettes
sealed at the bottom and through the upper part of which air had been
blown, it was established that this depended not on the age of the spores
but on the extent of aeration of the medium, which affects the character
of nutrition of the microorganisms. 'The greatest number of faintly stained
azure Bacillus pseudoanthracis and B. subtilis spores were observed in the
well aerated part of the medium. The greatest number of moderately stained
and blue spores were encountered in media with decreased aeration. The
spores were stained intensively in poorly aerated parts of the medium."
Epidemiology
56. Epidemiology of Tularemia, Brucellosis, and Tick-Borne Encephalitis
in the Urals Siberia and the Far East
"Interoblast Scientific-Practical Conference on Regional
Epidemiology of Natural Foci Diseases of the UralU Siberia,
and the Far East," by F. V. Krasovskiy, Moscow, ZdravooKnran-
eniye Rossiysko Federatsii, No 5, May 58, pp 40-45
The above-mentioned conference was held in 1958 [month not specified]
in Krasnoyarsk and was attended by more than 250 practical and scientific
workers of the Urals, Siberia., and the Far East. Thirty-five reports were
presented on problems of the prophylaxis of tularemia, brucellosis, and
tick encephalitis.
- 49 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The keynote address was given by M. A. Buslayev. deputy chief, Main
Sanitation-Epidemiological Administration of the Ministry of Health RSFSR.
He pointed out that tularemia is widespread in the RSFSR; the number of
epidemics increased in 1957 over 1956. The epidemics occurred in Sverd-
lovskaya, Vladimirskaya, Kirovskaya, Arkhangel'skaya, Ivanovskaya, Bryan-
skaya, and Astrakhanskaya oblasts and in the Komi. ASSR. In these areas
85.3 percent of all illnesses were attributed to tularemia.
The reasons for these epidemics were the complacency of organs of
public health, c;zrtailment of the scope of prophylactic work, unsatis-
factory training of medical cadre in the diagnosis of tularemia, and in-
sufficient attention to vaccinations.
The number of brucellosis cases, on the other hand, decreased during
the same period, but not in the Checheno-Ingushskaya ASSR, Krarisoyarskiy
? Kray, and Ori.ovskaya Oblast where the number of new cases increased.
Since 1952 the number of tick encephalitis cases has increased in
the RSFSR. The greatest number of cases was reported in 1956. Duri,z
1957, however, the number of cases decreased in Kemerovskaya and Tomskaya
oblasts, the Udmurskaya ASSR, and Altayskiy and Krasnoyarskiy Yxays; this
lowered the over-all number of tick encephalitis cases for the RSFSR by
21 percent under 1956.
57. Organization of Sanitation and Antiepidemiology Work in Uzbekistan
"The Organization of Sanitary-Antiepidemiological Work in
Uzbekistan," by K. S. Zairov, Med. Zhurn. Uzbekistana (Medical
Zhurnal of Uzbekistan) 1957, No ll, 17-25 (from Meditsinsk
Referativnyy Zhurnal, No 7, Jun 58, pp 1+-5)
"The Uzbek Scientific Research Sanitation Institute was organized in
193--1935, The Uzbek Tropical Institute, which investigated parasites and
malaria, was opened in Bukhara in 19211..? The first Antimalaria Stat ons
were opened in Tashkent and MLrzachul'skiy Rayon in 1921. Subsequently
they undertook the study of lelsbmaniasis, tick-borne spirochetosis and
leprosy; in 19511. they were combined with the sanitary-epidemic7.ogical
station. The number of the latter was 188 in 1956, 160 bacteriological
laboratories and 33 pasteurization stations. In 1932 there were 717,000
registered cases of malaria in the republic; in 1950, 121,000and in
, 1956, 659. Smallpox was liquidated in 1936. In 1956 there were 3,902
infectious rooms available for adults, and 1,236 for children. Temporary
infectious disease stations were organized in the foci of infections.
Between 1935 and 1956 the Sanitary-Hygiene Faculty of the Tashkent Medical
-50-
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
CPYRGHT
Institute graduated 1,401 physicians with a sanitary-hygiene profile. At
present, there are in Uzbekistan 368 sanitary physicians, 228 epidemiologists,
(61 of these are epidemiological parasitologists), 196 bacteriologists, 24
physicians concerned with the sanitary education, 7 disinfectionists, 262
infectionists and 547 people who aid the sanitary physicians."
Hematology
58. Refrigerated Blood Proves Superior for Antishock Transfusions
"Transfusion of Stored Refrigerated Blood," by Docent N. G.
Kartashevskiy, Clinic of General Surgery No 2 (head, Prof M. S.
Lisitsyn), of the Military-Medical Order of Lenin Academy
imeni S. M. Kirov andt.of the Leningrad Order of Red Banner
of Labor Scientific Research Institute for Blood Transfusion
(director, Docent A. D. Belyakov; scientific director, Prof
A. N. Filatov); Moscow, Vestnik Khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekov,
Vol 81, No 8, Aug 58, pp 7-10
Clinical observations were made on the transfusion effects of refriger-
ated blood stored at *4 to -15?C for periods varying between 7 and 73 days.
The medical history and the outcome of such transfusions are discussed and
the data are presented in the form of a table.
Results indicate that refrigerated blood stored at t4 to -15?C for
up to 73 days and then used for the treatment of traumatic and surgical
shock, anemias, and during pre- and post-operative periods in amounts of
300, 750, 1,000, and 1,250 ml is superior to blood stored according to
the usual methods.
The author recm,;mends the use of stored refrigerated blood for ex-
tensive use because it rc"a.:Lts its biological properties and possesses an
antishock effect.
-'51-
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
59. Aminop ides Recommended as Plasma Substitutes in Blood Loss
"Concerning the Use of Aminopeptides in Blood Loss," (Experi-
mental Research) by T. Ye. Kudritskaya, Candidate of Medical
Sciences, and D. Ya. Shurygin, Candidate of Medical :sciences,
Chair of Pathophysiology (head, Prof I. R. Petrov) and ruculty
of Therapeutic Clinic No 3. (head, Prof V. A. Beyyer), MLl:i.tery-
Medica?. Order of Lenin Academy imeni S. M. Kirov; Moscow, Vest-
nik Khi:~urgii ?meni.:# 1. Crekov, Vol 81, No 8, Aug 58, pp
T.he aim of the investigation was to study the use of aminopeptides as
plasma substitute solutions in treating acute blood loss of various degrees.
Aminopeptide effectiveness was judged by changes in arterial blood pressure,
frequency and depth of respiration, life duration of the experimental dogs,
and the rate of blood restoration in surviving animals.
The author makes the following conclusions:
"I. Aminopeptides exerted a sufficiently favorable therapeutic effect
in experimental blood loss of medium severity, and in a number of cases of
grave severity.
"2. Experimental research indicates that the best therapeutic effect
is obtained when the aminopeptide solution has the maximum protein concen-
tration (5.33-5.45%), maximum salt concentration (0.68-0.85%), and minimum
percent of total amino nitrogen."
60. Intraosseous Transfusion of Blood and Plasma Highly Recommended
"Intraosseous Transfusion of Blood and Plasma in Children,"
by N. P. 3 .pshina, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Clinic of
Pediatric Surgery (head, Prof A. F. Zverev) of the Svera-, ovsk
Medical Institute; Moscow, Vestnik Khirur.ii lineal 1. 1.
C,reko?v . 'Vol 81, No 8, Aug 58, pp 42-44
Because of the unavoidable difficulties connected with blood and plasma
transfusion in infants and children, the author investigated the little-
studied field of {ntraosseous transfusion in serious operations and severe
blood loss. In children. A total of 157 transfusions on 77 infants and 1.l
children were performed. The amount of blood and plasma used varied from
30 to 200 m3.. Transfusion sites were the superior metaphysis of the tibia,
the menial aspect of the malleolus, and the lateral condyle of the femur.
- 52 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The author concludes that intraosseous transfusion of blood and plasma
is very effective, simple, and successful as an antishock measure, and he
highly recommends it as the method of choice, especially in infants and
children.
61. Blood Serum Cholinesterase Activity During Pathological Processes
"Blood Serum Cholinesterase Activity During Certain Pathologi?.
cal Processes," by V. N. Salyayev, A. A. Stolyerchuk, and G. K.
Ushakov, Chair of Psychiatry and Chair of Pharmacology of the
Yaroslav Medical Institute; Vrachebnoye Delo, No 9, Sep 58, pp
903-906
The blood of 304 patients suffering various diseases (118 mental pa-
tients, 80 patients with Q fever, 62 with Botkins disease, and 44 patients
witi. cardiovascular insufficiencies) was investigated for blood serum cho-
linesterase activity bya method described by P. I. Borisov and V. I., Rozengart.
As a result of the experiments it was determined that:
"`
.L ? During the course of many ng pathological processes in the body, in-
cluding psychiatric, various depressions in the blood serum cholinesterase
activity can be observed.
"2. A comparison of the degree of depression in enzyme activity
associated with various diseases and pathological conditions did not re-
veal the nosological specificity of the established disturbances. The
cholinesterase depression depends primarily on the gravity, depth,, and
duration of the pathological process and reflects the changes in the
immunobiological reactivity of the body.
"3. The results of the investigations testify to the leading role
of liver function disturbances in depressing cholinesterase activity.
"4. Disturbances in cholinesterase activity and changes in sympathetic
conductivity associated with these disturbances should be considered second-
ary and not as pathological components of the pathological process."
- 53 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
62. Intensity and Duration of Glycogenolysis in Hypothermia
"Shifts in Certain Biochemical Blood Elements During Artifi-
cial Hypothermia," by G. B. Allakhverdibekov, S. N. Bagirov,
and D. G. Tagdisi, Chair of Pharmacology (head, Docent G. B.
Allakhverdibekov), Azerbaydzhan State Medical Institute .Lmeni
N. Narimanov (Director., Prof B. A. Eyvazov, Honorary Worker
of Science); Baku, Azerbaydzhanskiy Meditsinskiy Zhurna]., No
6, Jun 58, pp 75 -77
Tests were conducted on rats and rabbits to show shifts in blood sugar,
calcium, and potassium content, erythrocyte count, and glutathione fraction
under normal conditions and during hypothermia (cooling to 5-6?C).
Results indicate that the blood sugar level is increased in hypothermia
by 73 mg %, and that the potassium level is increased by 6.3 mg %, but that
the calcium concentration and glutathione fraction are slightly decreased.
There is a slight rise in the erythrocyte count.
The author makes the following conclusions:
1. The intensity and duration of glycogenolysis in hypothermia depend
on the functional condition of the sympathetic branch of the nervous system.
2. The results of this research are preparatory steps to further
studies on cold trauma and the effects of the central nervous system on
carbohydrate metabolism in hypothermia.
63. Immunological Shifts in Anemias, and Rhesus Nagativity Correlated
"Immunological Shifts in Patients With Hemolytic, Aplastic,
and Hypoplastic Anemia;," by M. A. Umnova, Yu. I. Loriye,
and F. E. Fa;y-~~shteyn, Central Order of Lenin '.Institute of
Hematology and Blood Transfusion, (director, Prof A. A.
Bagdasarov, Active Member of Academy of Medical Sciences
USSR), Ministry of Health USSR; Moscow, ProblleemGematologii
i Pe:. el.iva:aiy Krovi, Vol 3, No 4, Jul/Aug 5P. 16-23
To study immunological shifts in diseases of the blood system, the
authors analyzed the blood of 115 patients suffering from various forms
of hemolytic, hypoplastic, and aplastic anemias. Tests were run for heter-
oagglutinins, isoagglutlu ns, and isohemolysins for erythrocytes, and
rhesus factor for all patients. The direct and indirect Coombs test was
also run.
- 54 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Results indicate significant immunological shifts, i.e., presence of
immune antibodies and of autoantibodies both fixed in the serum and erythro-
cytes., and titer increase of both normal, iso-, and hetero-antibodies in
patients with acquired hemolytic anemia. The authors also revealed the
prevalence of Rh negative factors in patients with congenital hemolytic
anemia and with Marchiafava-.Michell syndrome.
The authors. present two possible explanations for these facts:
Rh negativity, to a certain degree, predisposes people to the
development of certain diseases.
2. Pathogenic factors which have caused certain diseases also affect
the antigenic structure of the erythrocytes of these patients. The authors
think the second explanation is the more probable one.
The authors conclude that the pathogenic factors which bring about
deficient erythrocytes during the process of the latter's development also
affect the development of the antigenic structure of erythrocytes, as a
result of which Rhesus receptors are either not formed or are inadequately
developed. Further research is necessary to confirm this explanation, the
authors conclude.
61.. Study of Blood Coagulation System Urged
"The Problem of.Thrombosis and Emboli," by Prof A. Filatov,
Corresponding Member of Academy of Medical Sciences USSR
Leningrad); Moscow, Med?.tsinskiy Rabotnik, No 61, Aug
p 2
The author reviews the causes for the onset of thrombosis and emboli,
and the prophylaxis and therapy used. Prevention and treatment of thrombosis
and emboli include the use of antispastic agents, anticoagulants, especially
"pheny;!in" !a drug recently synthesized at the Academy of Sciences Latvian,
SSR, and tested at the Leningrad Institute for Blood Transfusion, this prep-
a.^ation has been proved ide:utiocal to the non-Soviet phenylindandione),
novocain, papaverine; heparin, antivitamin K, and surgical intervention.
The author stresses the need for the standardization of thromboplastin
to accurately determine prothrombin time. It is mentioned that the Leningrad
Institute for Blood Transfusion has already prepared, according to the method
of V. N. Tugolukov, tens of thousands of batches of dry thromboplastin. How-
ever, there is still the necessity of preparing thromboplastin on a commercial
scale, standardizing it, accurately determining prothrombin time, and making
it more accessible to physicians.
- 55 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Professor Filatov is convinced that the study of blood coagulation
system is vital, and suggests that groups of physicians, and special labo-
ratories at various institutes for blood transfusion devote their attention
to the study of the blood coagulation system and the diagnosis and theri~py
of thromboembolic diseases.
65. New Anticoagulants for Conserving Blood
"The Conservation of Blood With New Anticoagulants," by Ye. P.
Mikhnovich, Aktual'n. Yo pro. Pereliv. Krovi. (Actual Problems
in Blood Transfusion , No 5, Leningrad., 1957, 89-911.; (from
Referativn Zhurnal -- Khimiya, Biolo icheska a Khimiya, No
CPYRG . 25 Sep 5 do Abstract No 23925, by E. Larskiy)
"Angerin (the sodium salt of sulfonated dextran, mol. wt. 11,000, con-
taining 12.11% sulfur, pH 6.5 -- 7.0) was added to conserved blood in amounts
of, 2.5 gm per 10,000 ml of blood. The ESR of the conserved blood remained
normal. During tests on transfused rabbit's blood, which was stored for
9 days, no changes were noted; however, rabbits transfused from blood pre-
served for 9-15 days perished. The preparation possessed no pyrogenic
action. After transfusion into circulating blood, the thrombocytes de-
creased from 18 - 85%; the coagulation time increased from 311. to 207 secs.
After transfusing freshly preserved angerin treated blood to two patients,
the appearance of headaches and vomiting was noted and further tests in
the clinic were abandoned. According to the author, the unfortunate re-
sults of the transfusion were caused by the presence of high-molecular
admixtures which formed insoluable complexes with the fibrinogen of the
blood serum."
- 56 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
66. New Anticoa llaut, Phenylirdandione, Synthesized in Latvian SSR Proves
Identical With Non-Soviet Phenylindandione
"Experimental and Clinical Study of a New Anticoagulant,
Ph.exyliridan_dione," by Z. D. Bleksmit Candidate of Medical
Sciences, M. A. Kotovshchikova, Candidate of Biological
Sciences, and N. V. Martynova, Candidate of Medical Sciences,
Laboratory of Dry Preparations (head, Prof L. G. Bogomolova),
Leningrad :snstitute of Blood Transfusion and the Clinic of
General Surgery (head, Prof I. M. Tal'man), Leningrad Sanitary
Hygienic Medical Institute; Moscow, Vestnik Khirurgii imeni
1, I. G'rekov, Vol 81, No 8, Aug 58, pp 94Z
The authors studied, under experimental and clinical conditions, a
new anticoagulant called pheny:Undandione, synthesized at the Chemical
Institute of the Academy of Sciences Latvian SSR (Prof G. Ya. Vanag). The
preparation, administered _,n daily doses of 0.03-0.1 mg/kg produces hypo-
prothromb7nemia, and therefore can be used for the therapy and prophylaxis
of thromboembolic diseases.
The authors present diagrams illustrating changes in the leukocyte
count, prothrombin time, and indexes of blood coagulation after the admin-
istration of 5 mg phenylinndanciione per kg body weight, and 10 mg phenylin-
d
d
an
ione per kg body we:' g .t. The authorst make the following conclusions:
"1. Good resull:ts were obtained by administering phenylindanaione
both to treat patients with thrombophlebitis and to prevent thromboemboli
after surgery.
"2. To attain a therapeutic effect in treating thrombophlebitis, it
was necessary to lower the prothrombin level by 35-40%. To prevent throm-
bosis, it was necessary to lower the prothrombin level by 60.70%.
"3. It was necessary to maintain systematic control over the plasma
prothrombin level wlien pzescribing phenylindandione.
"4. Pber).y:' n.dand_,o;ae is less toxic than dicoumarin, it acts faster,
and does not have a cumulative effect."
- 57 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Immunology and Therapeutics
67. Reactions in Persons Inoculated With Antiplague Vaccine
"Ob,;ervation for Reactions in Persons Inoculated With Anti-
plague Vaccine 1.17," by Ye. I. Novikova, A. A. Rozhkov, A.F.
Optyakova,' F.' V.' Corbupoy, A. F.i Aleksentseva, E. M.
]3arr3unova, onii C. G. Chivlleva, Tr. Rostovsk. -na/D.? Gos.
,44#1 .41 Pr&UiQoCbUOin ~, ?' 1"fi'.itd (Works of - the , Rostov-on-Don State
Scien c 2esearc Institute) iJo 11, 1956, pp 69-79 (from
Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Biolo i a, No 7, 10 Apr 58, Abstract
CPYRGHTNo 29004y by A. S. Shevelev)
"The intracutaneous introduction of bivalent antiplague vaccine 1.17
caused fever, chills, headaches and muscular pains in all inoculated persons
during the first day after introduction (at night). Local reaction developed
within 4-6-8 hours after introduction of the vaccine (hyperemia, infil
trate, ;paiiifulipes,e') and achieved a maximum within 36-40 hours after inocula-
tion. Lymphangitis was noted in 29%, and lymphadenitis, in 34% of '? the
inoculated persons. Local and general reactions began to recede within
40-48 hours after vaccination in 80% of the inoculated persons. Severe
disease also developed in inoculated persons in certain cases. The vaccine
process was very mild following cutaneous application. No new local re-
action developed in 12.3% of inoculated persons. General reactions were
not observed. The complexity of the intracutaneous method of vaccination
and the expediency of cutaneous application are emphasized."
68. Bivalent Antiplague Vaccine
"Reactogenicity of Bivalent Antiplague Vaccine," by G. I.
Demina, R. B. Krivtsova, V. M. L' '.tsyna, L. V. Filimonova,
E, F. Gorbunova, and V. K. Vole, :va, Tr,.- Rostovsk na-D-.'
Gos; Ne=S; PrOtl:vgchumrn; In-ta':,..,)rks of the Rostov-on-Don
a e bcien ific Research Antiplague Institute), No 11, 1956,
pp 65-67 (from Referatiyn=-Zhurnal . -Biolop iga, No 7,
CPYRGH--0 Apr 58, Abstract No 29005, by A. S. Shevelev)
"Local reactions developed in almost a]l,and general reactions in some,
inoculated persons following intracutaneous introduction of bivalent anti-
plague vaccine. Local react-ions were observed in 98.4% of persons inoculated
for the first time, and general reactions, in 74.2%. In persons inoculated
for the second time, local reaction's were observed in 94.1%; general re-
actions, in 33.8%. The authors consider that it is expedient to vaccinate
not intracutaneously but cutaneously under epidemically favorable conditions."
- 58 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
69. Antibiotic Therapy of Experimental Plague
"Therapy of Experimental Plague With Antibiotics," by L. N.
Makarovskaya, Antibiotiki Eks erim,-Klinich. Izuch, (Anti-
biotics, Experimental-Clinical Study). Medgiz, 1956, pp 199-
202 (from Referativny r Zhurnal -- Biolo i a No 7, '10 Apr
CPYRG H 8, Abstract No 29003, by M,.A. Gruzman)
"Experiments were performed on 2,029 guinea pigs. It was demonstrated
that therapy with streptomycin (I') ,up to the occurrence of generalization
or in its initial stages''(up to. 3' days after infection) led to complete re-
covery of all animals when sufficiently high doses were administered (20,000-
40,000-80,000;units). When the dosage-was decreased to 5,000-10,000 units,
some of the animals died even following early therapy. Therapy 'in the
generalization stage (.4th-5th day.) was only slightly effective even when
very high doses, of (I) were admini's.tered. It *was shown that doses of
20,000 units and higher, established the maximum concentration (19.96 units)
and caused (I) to remain in'the blood longer (12.18 hours); lower doses
gave a concentration of not more'than 7.5-8.5 units. The administration
of lower doses of antibiotics, in addition, established conditions for
streptomycin-resistant variants to',be developed. Therefore, only optimum
doses which provide a high concentration of (I) in the blood should be
administered The,introduction?of an aerosol'of (I) 30 minutes after
intranasal:'infection gives very good results; its testing is thus promising
for emergency therapy of pulmonary plague. Combination with ecmoline con-
siderably augmented 'the therapeutic effect and permitted a decrease in the
dose of Virulent strains are:'more sensitive to levomycetin or synthomycin,
and avirulent strains, to biomycin. All the antibiotics tested were consider-
ably more active with respect to young., growing cells, causing pronounced
morphological changes in:them and cessation of normal therapy. Levomycetin
and synthomycin impeded the development of infection but did not completely
rid the organism of the-pathogen, Biomycin (in mice) showed high prophylactic
but insufficient therapeutic action."
70. Action of Stre
in Experimental Plague of Guinea Pigs
"The Prophylactic and Therapeutic. Action of Streptomycin in
Experimental Plague of Guinea Pigs," by L. N. Makarovskaya,
Tr. Rostovsk, n/D Gos, N,-I, Protivochumn In-ta, (Works of
the R
t
os
ov-on-Don State Scientific Research Antiplague In-
stitate), Vol 10, 1956, pp 3-16 (from Referati
Zh
vnyy
urnal --
Biologi a',?. No 7, , 10": Apr 58,, Abstract No 29000, by M. A.
CPYRGI. uzman
"The experiments were performed on 11,314 guinea pigs; infection was done
with virulent'Pasteurella pestis strains 177) 545, and 546. In all methods
of infection, the intramuscular :,.i4troduction of . the optimum dose 'of
- 59 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Apmved For Release 1999/09/08: CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
streptomycin (20,000-40,000 units) and sufficient duration of therapy
(7 days) is most effective. Of eight animals whose therapy was begun in
the stage of-pronounced generalization of the process, seven survived ail'd
one died on the 10th day. In cases in which therapy was begun earlier,
all the pigs survived. Preventive therapy begun 30 minutes after intranasal
infection of the pigs was most effective on use of the aerosol method. .1.
Intramuscular introduction of the antibiotic yielded better results at a'
later time. The author considers it promising to test the aerosol method
in cases of emergency prophylaxis of pulmonary plague (laboratory or hospital
infection) immediately after possible infection; the more so because use
of this method a considerably higher concentration of streptomycin is
obtained in human blood than in guinea pig blood."
71. Nonspecific Substances for Increasing the Efficacy of Antiplague Serum
"The Role of Certain Nonspecific Substances in Increasing the
Quality of Antiplague Serum," by. Ye. D. Shkutko and, L..Ye.
Khundanov, Izv. Irkutskogo n.-i. Protivochumn. In-ta. Sibiri
i Dal'n. Vost-. Herald of the Irkutsk Scientific Research Anti-
plague Institute of Siberia and the Far East), 57, 15, pp 149-
155; (from Referativnyy Zhurnal'-- Ehirdya, Biolo icheska a
YRG imi a, No 16, 25 Aug 58.. Abstract No 20765)
UThe,simultaneous subcutaneous utilization of CaC12 and starch with
EV vaccine during the immunization of producers increases the effective-
ness of antiplague serum by 15%. The subcutaneous administration of non-
specific aloe irritants and extracts from the internal organs of cattle
during the :immunization of animals with the plague bivaccine increases
the effectiveness of the antiplague serum. Sera, obtained' by the immuniza-
tion of animals by plague. antigens with the use of CaC12, starch, aloe
and extract from internal organs, according to their agglutination prop-
erties,, are superior to ordinary antiplague sera."
6o
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
72. Increased Production of Diagnostic Preparations Advocated
"The Status of the Production of Diagnostic Preparations," by
A. N. Meshalova, Main Administration of Institutes of Vaccines
and Sera, Ministry of Health USSR; Moscow, Zhurnal Mikrobiolo-'
ii E idemiologii i Immunobiologii, Vol 29, No 7, Jul 58, pp 126-l30
This article presents data to characterize the general status of
diagnosticum production in Soviet institutes which manufacture bacterial
preparations (institutes of vaccines and sera, institutes of epidemiology
and microbiology, and the Institute imeni'Gamaleya). The statistics col-
lected for this report indicate that a large quantity of different diag-
nosticums are being produced at present, but that on the whole, preparations
for diagnosing intestinal and especially dangerous infections (brucellosis
and tularemia), viral and rickettsia) diseases, and children's infections
are produced in limited amounts. These data are summarized in the first
of two tables included in the article; the second table shows that the in-
stitutes supply not only a large assortment but also large quantities of
diagnosticums.
A survey carried out by the author showed that out of 170 reports on
the subject "Scientific Bases of the Production of Bacterial Preparations"
in 1957, the institutes of vaccines and sera devoted only 15 to the question
of diagnosticums; and out of 190 in 1958, only 16. It was not possible to
present concrete work plans for other institutes, but their features are
contained in a resolution adopted in December 1957 by the Inter-Institute
Scientific Conference on Strains, Standards, and Diagnostic Preparations.
The need for producing and introducing into practice larger quantities of
certain types of diagnosticums is pointed out, and it is emphasized that
their sensitivity should be augmented to facilitate diagnosis of atypical
forms of diseases. The resolution points out certain production deficiencies
and suggests that various preparations be manufactured in larger quantities.
Poliomyelitis research in progress at the following three institutes
is discussed briefly: Leningrad Institute of Experimental Medicine, the
Institute for the Study of Poliomyelitis, and the Institute for the Pro-
duction of Preparations Against Poliomyelitis.
Differential diagnosis of various forms of encephalitis is noted as
a subject of importance to Soviet '.investigators. In connection' with
rickettsia) diseases, it is stated that two antigens Prowazeki and Mooseri,
are widely used, and that two other antigens for diagnosing Q fever and
rickettsial-pox have been developed experimentally but have not been in-
troduced into practice. In general, however, laboratories do not have prep-
arations for detection and differential diagnosis of these diseases at
their disposal and the problem remains unresolved. It is noted that the
lack of cadres of specialists on rickettsioses in the institutes of the
Ministry of Health USSR further complicates the task.
- 61 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
It is pointed out that immunological methods cannot be limited only
to the problem of diagnosis; immunological reactions, microbiological and
serological methods, determination of the source of inf'ecti3n, factors
affecting its distribution, and establishment of immune contingents among
the population assume great significance in considering such diseases as
brucellosis, -tularemia, anthrax, and botulism. Methods of diagnosing
brucellosis and tularemia are further discussed. According to this report,
the Tbilisi Institute of Vaccines and Sera has developed an experimental
series of brucell,ar bacteriophages with which it is possible to differenti-
ate species of-Brucella. The Moldavian Institute of Epidemiology and
Microbiology is reported to have obtained anthrax allergen which is harm-
less and completely specific under experimental conditions. With respect
to especially dangerous infections and botulism, the primary problem is
considered to be improvement of existing preparations.
CPYRGHT Tne article concludes with the following list of tasks confronting
the various institutes in the field of diagnosing infectious diseases:
"l. To radically change the attitude of production institutes toward
the problem of improving existing methods and searching for new methods
for laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases.
"2. To reconsider the nomenclature of diagnostic preparations which
are produced at present, determining which among them are of high quality
and should be produced for extensive practical use.
"3. To expand production of viral and rickettsial diagnostic prep-
arations by organizing production laboratories in 2-3 institutes which
have viral and rickettsial departments.
"1. To re-examine and improve the system of providing clinical in-
stitutions with diagnostic preparations and to test a method of free sale
of these preparations. in the pharmacy network.
"5. To provide clinical workers with specially developed, methodical
instructions for the use of diagnostic preparations."
73.
Transparent Therapeutic Film Sprayed on Burns Proved Effective
"Equipment for Burn Therapy" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, No 71, 5 Sep 58, p 4
"New equipment for the treatment of burns has been developed by the
Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Surgical Apparatus and In-
struments of the Ministry of Health USSR. The equipment was constructed
- 62 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
and developed at the Laboratory for Bone Splicing. It consists of a turn-
ing bed with two detachable racks supplied with rubberized belts. These
racks can also be used as stretchers. With this bed it is possible to turn
a patient over and treat any part of his bcdy. The bed has a special basin-
like attachment for holding liquids such as water and antiseptics, and a
drain pipe. This appliance has been included in the production plans of
the Lvov medical equipment plant.
"Another apparatus for the direct treatment of burns has been con-
structed at the Laboratory of General Surgical Instruments. This is an
electrodermatome for the removal of skin from donors and its application
to an injured body surface with second to fourth degree burns. This ap4a-
ratus consists of an electromotor in the form of a pistol with detachable
fittings, blades, and thickness gauges, making it possible to graft skin
flaps with thicknesses ranging from 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, and 5-10 cm in width.
The electrodermatome can be connected to an alternating current outlet,
and due to special grounding it is harmless to the donor and the surgeon.
This new apparatus has been approved by the Scientific Council of the in-
stitute and has been accepted for production by one of the plants of the
medical industry.
"A spraying apparatus for applying drugs to a burn surface teas con-
structed on the principle of an atomizer. Blood plasma containing vitamin
A. thrombin, and a solution of antibiotics is poured into a glass jar, and
connected to an oxygen cylinder. The medication is then sprayed on the sur-
face of the wound or the burn and in a short time forms a transparent film,
like a fibrin film. Such a film, consisting of drugs enriched with oxygen,
creates favorable conditions for tissue regeneration and protects the patient
from infections. The transparency of the film makes it possible to observe
the process of wound healing, and the elasticity of the film makes early
movement of the extremities possible, thus preventing the development of
cicatrization. After the wound is healed, the biological film sloughs off
or can be easily removed with physiological saline solution.
"The spraying apparatus can be used for the initial treatment of burns,
after which the patient may be 'tra.nsported to special therapeutic institu-
tions.
"These items have passed clinical tests and are ready for series pro-
duction."
- 63 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Internal Medicine
74. Chinese Describe Kaschin-Beck's Disease Versus K'o-shan Disease
[SIR Note: Several articles in recent issues of Chinese medical
periodicals give information on two endemic diseases, K'o-shan disease
and Kaschin-Beck's disease, both of which are major topics in China's
medical research program. Although one sounds like the transliteration
of the other, the articles definitely distinguish them as different dis-
eases.
Both are reportedly endemic in the same areas in China, namely, Kirin,
Heilungkiang, Hopeh, Honan, Inner Mongolia, Shensi, Shansi, Kansu, and
Liaoning provinces. However, Kaschin-Beck's disease, also known in China
as "disease of the big joints" (5k- ;' ri rk ) "is 'characterized by early
fusion of the epiphyses, associated with Idisturbances in longitudinal
growth of tubular bones"; whereas K'o-shan disease, so named by Japanese
physicians because they first observed a case in K'o-shan, Heilungkiang
Province, is a heart disease associated with morbid changes in the myo-
cardium."]
"Disease of the Big Joints," Chang Kuo-chu IChinese
Academy of Medical Sciences; Peiping, Chung-chi I-k'an (Inter-
mediate Medical Journal), No 12, 1957, pp 10-11
Following a general description of Kaschin-Beck's disease, the author
reviews the state of research on its etiology. He states that Chinese re-
search on this disease is largely based on the theory that its direct cause
is "food mycotoxication" and that they are following the steps of he Soviets
in studying the microorganism, Fusarium sporotrichiella, (C ';U I literally,
sickle microorganism) as the probable pathogen. It was four,. that cereals
in endemic areas are seriously infested with F. sporotrichiella. Further-
more, Soviet scientists have isolated the microorganl-!m and used it in
animal experiments to produce disturbances simulating those manifested in
Kaschin-Beck,'s disease. Present control-measures in China are centered
in the acceptance of the food mycotoxication theory.
With respect to the incidence of the disease, the author states that
over 90 percent of the population of Fu-sung Hsien, Kirin Province, had
deformities due to Kaschin-Beck's disease and were only about "one meter
tall."
- 64 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
"Summary of acute 'o-shan Disease," by Ch'i Wei -)
and Wu Hui ( ~\ ~v ), K'.o-shan Disease Control Command Sac-
Lion, Kan-man, Heil ngkiang Province; Peiping, Chung-chi 1-k'an
(Intermediate Medical Journal), No 3, 1958, pp 3-5
This article, presenting a general review of acute K'o-shan disease,
is developed under nine subheadings: etiology, exciting causes, endemiology,
morbid anatomy, symptoms, physical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and preven-
tion. The information includes the following.
There are three forms of K'o-shan disease, classified according to the
degree of myocardiac involvement. The acute and most severe form is charac-
terized by acute myocardiac disturbance manifested in acute circulatory
failure. In the consumptive form, there is chronic compensatory myocardiac
disturbance with symptoms of congestive heart failure. In the latent form,
there is compensatory myocardiac disturbance without subjective symptoms.
The interrelationship between the three forms may be represented as follows:
Cause of disease-_j latent K' o-shan disease - comp? ication and death.
acute K'o-shan Kiease -,F:~consumptive form
death
Epidemiology
Every year in endemic areas there are serious outbreaks resulting
in many deaths. Statistics show that during October 1955-MaY 1956 there
were almost 3,000 cases with 29 percent mortality in a Heilungkiang district
covering one municipality, 31 hsiens, and 478 t'urs. The endemic areas
are mostly low temperature hills, pasturelands, and rural sections, rarely
large cities or places near the shore. K'o-shan disease occurs all year
round with an incidence peak in December-January. The ratio of female to
male victims is,3:1, mostly between 21 and 40 years of age. A survey of
14+5 cases showed that most of them had migrated from nonendemic to endemic
areas and lived there 1-5 years. However, the disease is also found among
natives of endemic areas. Often several members of the same household
are affected. Current mortality is 10 percent as compared with 50 percent
? before liberation.
Etiology
The etiology -of K'o-shan disease is still undetermined. Sino-
Soviet studies since 1952 have evolved theories that the disease is associ-
ated with trace carbon monoxide poisoning, infection transmitted by insect
vectors of a pathogenic organism of which rodents may be the reservoir hosts,
bad water, vitamin deficiency, food fungus poisoning (i .e., poisoning from
fungus growth found in foods), etc.
- 65 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Exciting Causes
Tae exciting cause may be one or a combination of the following:
cold stimulus, nervous excitement, fatigue, overindulgence in food and
drink, a cold, exposure to smoke and fumes, etc.
Morbid Anatomy
K'o-shan disease is a systemic disease which strikes hardest at
the heart. Morbid changes appear in the left ventricle, the musculi pap-
illares, and more noticeably in the septum of the ventricles (particularly
the myocardium near the endocardium). Changes which occur in the right
ventricle are slight; in the auricles, less frequent or not at all. The
course of pathological changes is cardiomyoliposis, degeneration, degenera-
tive and necrotic "fibrotic myocardosis, interstitial myocarditis and
cicatrization. Sometimes all these changes are found in the same patient.
Changes seen with the naked-eye include heart color grayish-
yellow or grayish-white, increased heart weight due to compensatory dilation
or hypertrophy, ventricles gorged (if heart stopped beating during stage
of dilatation) with blood in fluid state and pieces of coagulated blood,
and scarred myocardial tissue.
Under the microscope varying degrees of' myyocardiac degeneration
may be seen along with effusion of interstitial cells and scarred tissue.
However, there are no noticeable changes in the endocarditutt, epicard'um,
valves, coronary artery, or aorta. Besides these changes, there is also
congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidneys.
Symptoms and Signs
The onset is sudden. Initial general discomfort is followed by
dizziness, headache, great discomfort in the heart region, and pain in
upper abdomen due to congestion of the liver. Thenf ollow nausea anc7 per-
sistent vomiting. The patient may be very thirsty, but drinking-induces
more vomiting. He shows signs of anxiety, his breathing is labored; limbs
are cold and convulsive; extremities are purple; but he remains conscious
throughout his illness.
Changes in temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure
vary according to severity and length of illness. When the disease is
progressing rapidly, temperature is below 35 degrees centigrade; pulse is
quick, weak or undetectable, and allorhythmic. However, the heartbeat
rate may be as slow as 40-60 per minute. Respiration is fast and sometimes
tidal; blood pressure, depressed.
- 66 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Physical signs include pallor, cold and clammy skin, visible pulsa-
tion of neck veins, apex beat not clear, feeble heartbeat accompanied with
mid-systolic blowing murmurs, diastolic gallop rhytimi in some patients,
pain upon pressure on liver region but neither liver nor spleen palpable;
cold, convulsive limbs, and purple extremities.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of acute K'o-shan disease is to be considered if the
patient resides in an endemic area, has a typical history, and shows the
signs and symptoms of the disease. Blood and urine analyses, roentgeno-
graphy, and electrocardiography are helpful. For in K'o-shan disease there
is leukocytosis as well as mild albuminuria, general hypertrophy of the
heart, feeble pulse, and pulmonary congestion. The electrocardiogram shows
? heart block (including right bundle-branch heart block and complete or in-
complete auriculoventricular heart block). These are usually associated
with a prolonged Q-T interval and changes in the S-T section. Depressed
arterial and venous pressures and normal or prolonged circulation time
alto aid positive diagnosis.
Differentiation must be made between K'o-shan disease and angina
pectoris, neurocirculatory asthenia, acute gastritis, food poisoning, acute
abdomen, etc. Other heart diseases should be eliminated.
Ab yet there is no specific therapy for K'o-shan disease. The
patient is treated symptomatically with cardiants and other drugs. Nervous
stimulants recommended include camphor water, camphor oil, vitacamphor,
oxycamphor, Coramine, and Anacardone. K-strophanthin is recommended as a
cardiac stimulant instead of digitalis, which reported y is not as effective.
Atropine, luminal, and morphine are recommended for sedation. [Dosage
schedules are given for these drugs.] In addition certain traditional
drugs, acupuncture and moxibustion, and popular remedies have been used
effectively.
"Memoranda on K'o-shan Disease Conference" (unsigned article),
Chung-hua I-hsueh Tsa-chih (National Medical Journal of China),
No 1, 195 , p 103
This news item reports highlights of a K'o-shan Disease Conference
which was held in Pei-an, Hci'_ungkiang Province, 28 October-4. November 1957.
The meeting was called by the K'o-shan Disease Committee to secure infor-
mation from the standpoints of community hygiene, pathogenicity, microbiology,
parasitology, and sitology which will aid further studies on the etiology
of the disease.. Specialists attended from Harbin Medical College, Peking
Medical College, Mukden Medical College, Shanghai First Medical College,
and the First Military University. The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
and the Committee on Medical Research, both of the Ministry of Health,
were also represented.
- 67 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
In reviewing the results of research i.n 1955 and 1956 It was pointed
out that pathological studies Indicated that K' o-sha:n disease is a toxic
cardiopathy which produces cardiolyais and cicatrization. Impairment of
the heart, occurrlnL:, In definite stages, becomes chronic, but the attacks
are acute.
Established by Hei l ungkiarg authorities , the K' o-span Disease Research
Committee has held two previous scientific conferences -- one in Harbin
Medical College in 1955 and the last in the Ministry of Health in 1956.
The committee hopes to determine within a year or two whether the disease
is infectious.
Pharmacology and Toxico;t2R
75. Effect of Caffeine and Chloral Hydrate on Certain Phosphostits Compounds
in Mice
"The Effect of Caffeine and Chloral Hydrate on the Content of
Total Acid So:.uable Phosphorus and Phosphopyroracemic Acid in
the Tissues of White Rats," by M. Aku.ova, Naizchra. Raboty Stud.
Mosk. Farmatsevtich. l;j..ta, (Scientific Works of the Students
of the Moscow Pk'a:cma(Mutica2. 1:;,st?ttu,te) (from Referattv?_;,.rz
Zhurr-a.? .?- Khjln :va, A:Lc~la cheska,~a K :1-22,-y-a No :3 6 25 Sep 58,
Abstract No 2?41O 4 ~~-
"Some 5-7 weeks after the admjnIstra?tioi,. of caffeine into the brain
and liver tissue of rats ?thc: acId so_ozab'le phosphorus and phosphopyroracemic
acid content increases 'in all tissues except the muscles and lungs, The
administration of chloral b rdra;te produces a lowe:rir. g of the phosphorus
content in all tissues except the brain and spleen, wh~lle the content of
phophopyroracemic a.c:?;.d is lowered. In all the tissues."
- 68 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
76. Pharmacological Properties of Phenoxydiethylaminopropanol Derivatives
"Concerning the Pharmacological Properties of Phenoxydiethy-
laminopropanol Derivaties," by L. A. Yakimovich, Sb. Nauchn.
Rabot. Minski Med. In-t. (Collected Works of the Minsk Medi-
cal Institute), 1957, No 18, 64-77; (from Referativnyy
Z
hurnal Khimi a Biologic he s kaa Khimi a, No 16, 25 Aug 8,
Al,
CPYRGH stract No 21504, by I. Chertkov)
"The pharmacological properties of phenoxydie1hylaminopropanol de-
rivatives chlorhydrates (I), iodoethylates (II) and nitro-derivatives
(III). In experiments on mice, the LD50 varied from 75 to 275 mg/kg;
the toxicity increased as follows, II , III I. Type (t1) compounds,
in doses of one to 30 mg/kg, possessed the strongest hypotensive action
in acute experiments on dogs and in chronic experiments on rabbits. Pe-
ripheral vascular dilatiornwas* not observed with the compounds studied.
On the isolated stomuch.of the rabbit and isolated heart of the frog, re-
actions were observed with high, however, not 'physiological, concentrations."
- 69 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Physiology
77s Exposure to Ultrasonic Vibrations Depresses Brain Tissue Respiration
and Glycolysis
"The Effect of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Tissue Respiration and
on Giycolysis in the Brain of White Rats," by N. F. Svadkovskaya,
Experimental Division of the Scientific Research Institute of
Physiotherapy, Ministry of Health RSFSR (Moscow); Kiev, Ukrain-
skiy Biokhimicheskiy Zhurnal, Vol 30, No 3, 1958, pp 384-391
The aim of this research was to study the effect of ultrasonic vibra-
tions of various magnitudes on tissue respiration and glycolysis (Warburg's
method) in the brain tissue of rats.
Tests were conducted on 59 white rats, 12 of which were controls.
The rats were subjected to single or repeated ultrasonic vibrations of the
following magnitudes: 2 watts per cm2, 0.85 watt per cm2, and 0.11+ watt
per cm2. The level of rat brain tissue respiration and glycolysis was
tested immediately after exposure to ultrasonic vibrations, and then 10
minutes, 2 hours, and 55 days later.
Results indicate the following:
"l. Ultrasonic vibrations of a 2 wattpe, cm2 magnitude, 10 minutes
after their single application, caused decreased tissue respiration; in the
cortex and lower divisions of the brain. This decrease became more pro-
nounced 2 hours after exposure. Glycolysis was also decreased, but to a
lesser degree than tissue respiration.
"2. Ten minutes after a single exposure to ultrasonic vibrations of
0.85 watt per cm magnitude a decrease in tissue respiration and in gly-
colysis was noted in all the specimens of the brain tissue tested. Two
hours after the exposure, there was almost complete restoration of tissue
respiration. Glycolysis also tended to be restored in all divisions of
the brain except in the posterior corpera quadrigemina and cortex.
"3. Single exposure to ultrasonic vibrations of 0.14 watt per cm2
magnitude revealed slight fluctuations (both rise and fall) in tissue res-
piration and in glycolysis immediately after the exposure.
- 70 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
"4. Repeated exposure to ultrasonic vibrations of 0.11E watt per cm2
magnitude 10 minutes after the last exposure caused increased tissue res-
piration in the cerebral cortex, and thalamic region: however, after a 2-
hour interval there was a decrease in tissue respiration in all the divi-
sionsicf''Jhe brain except in the posterior corpera quadrigemina. Glycolysis
in the cortex and underlying divisions of the brain also was significantly
decreased.
"5. Research on oxidation processes, conducted 55 days after the last
exposure to ultrasonic vibrations, revealed an acute depression of tissue
respiration and glycolysis in all areas of the brain tested; depression of
glycolysis was greater than that of respiration."
78. Chaff inn Respiration and Basal Metabolism During Artificial Hiber-
nation ~~ - -'
"Changes in Total Gas-Exchange and Basal Metabolism tinder Con-
ditions of Artificial (Phar.aacological) Hibernation," by B. A.
Agayev and G. D. Chesnokova, Clinic of Hospital Surgery of Pedi-
atric Faculty (head, Prof A. V. Gulyayev) of the Second Moscow
State Medical Institute imeni N. 1. Fir ogaT; Baku, A_zerbayytizhan-
skiy Meditsinskiy Zh?,;rnal, No 6, Jiun 58, pp 6,;-70
The aim of this research was to study the changes in total gas exchange
(oxygen absorbed, minute volume of respiration, C02 content of exhaled air,
and respiratory coefficient and to determine whether basal metabolism was
decreased during artificial hibernation or whether this decrease depended
on the dose of n,Yu?oplegic pt-eparations.
Observations and tests were conducted on 41 patients suffering from
toxic goiter (30), and ulcers or gastric cancer (11).
Results indicate that under artificial (pharmacological hibernation
conditions, the majority of patients with toxic goiter showed a significant
decrease in the quantity of oxygen absorbed in the minute volume of res-
piration, and in basal metabolism. The decrease is basal metabolism and
in the intensity or rate of total gas exchange, under conditions of phar-
macological hibernation, are in direct ratio to the initial functional
condition of the central nervous system, to the level of basal metabolism,
and to the nature of the sickness. No direct quantitative relationship was
evident between decrease in basal metabolism and dose of neuroplegic drug.
Decrease in basal metabolism due to neuroplegic preparations was much less
in patients with ulcerous diseases and gastric cancer than in those with
thyroid toxicosis.
- 71 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
79. Novocain Hypothermia Proves Significant Role of Thyroid Gland in
Temperature Regulation
"Concerning the Problem of the Participation of the Thyroid
Gland in the Mechanism oi' the Development of Novocaine
Hypothermia," by L. I. A'baskuliyeva, Chair of Pathophy3iology
(head of chair, Prof M. M. Mir-Silimov (deceased), Honorary
Worker of Science), Azeabaydzhan Institute of Advanced Train-
ing for Physicians (director, M. I. A.liyev); Baku, Azerbaydzhan-
skiy Meditsinskiy ZhurnalL No 6, Yun 58, pp 71-74
The present research was conducted on 84 rats which received a 2%
solution of novocain subcutaneously at the rate of 250 mg per kg body
weight. Results indicate that the novocain decreased body tempperatuxe
by 1.5?C in 92.4% of the cases. Thyroid deficiency, produced by thyroid-
ectomy or by the administration of thiouracil, caused a grea-;,er decrease
in body temperature with?the administration of novocain than, when the novo-
cain was administered to rats with sound thyroid glands. Hyperthyroidism
hindered the onset of novocain reaction i.e., temperature fall. The func-
tional condition of the thyroid gland plays a significant role in the mech-
anism for developing novocain hypothermia."
80. Starvation Effects on aiosovus and NI trogen Compound Metabolism and
on Pepsin Activity in Gastric Mucosa
"A study of the Metabolism of the Gastric Mucusa During Pro-
longed Starvation," by L. 1. Volokhonskaya, Institut~e of Bio-
chemistry of Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR; K.i ev, Ukrain-
ski Biokhimicheskiy Zhurnal, Vol 30, No 3, 1958, pp 4 1-l+;0
Ul ainian sLxmmary in Russian and in English)
The aim of this research was to study phosphorus and nitrogen com-
pound metabolism and the activity of pepsin in the mucous membrane of
the stomach during prolonged starvation periods.
Results prove that during prolonged starvation, the following changes
occur:
"I. The content of acid-soluble phosphorus; and easily hydrolyzable
ATP phosphorus in the gastric mucous membrane is decreased. Total inor-
ganic phosphatide phosphorus, phosphorus of nucleic acids, and phosphorus
of phosphoproteins remains within normal limits
- 72 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
"2. The rate of restoration of acid-soluble phosphorus of nucleic
acid, phosphoproteins, and ATP in the mucous membrane is increased. There
is a rise in the content of glutamine, but the ammonia level is decreased.
"3. The pepsin activity in the gastric mucosa is decreased during
prolonged starvations periods."
81. Quantity and Distribution of Adenosine Triphosphoric Acid and Its
Decomposition Products Studied by Paper Chromatogra Ley.
"The Use of Distributive Paper Chromatography for Determining
Adenosine Triphosphoric Acid and Its Decomposition Products,"
by Z. Yu. Nechiporenko, Institute of Biochemistry, Academy of
Sciences Ukrainian SSR; Kiev, U1 ainsltiy Bickhimic"hesk iy Zhurnal,
Vol 30, No 3, 19589 pp x+02-415-l ainian, summary in :cussian
and English)
A method is described for determining adenosine triphosphoric acid
and the products of its decomposition by two-dimensional paper chromato-
graphy. Tables and microphotographs accompany the article.
Determinations conducted on rabbit skeletal muscles showed the presence
of 41 mg% of adenosine triposphoric acid, 13 mg% of adenosine diphosphoric
acid, and 75 mg% of total inorganic and creatine phosphoric acid phosphorus.
82. Effect of Sodium and Chlorine Deficiency in Animals
"The Effect of Sodium and Chlorine Deficiency on the intensity
of Tissue Respiration," by N. G. Litovchenko, t aycb-n. Ezhegodnik.
Chernovitsk. Un,-ta. (Scientific Yearbook of Che: novitsk Univer-
sity) 1956Y ? 1957), 1, No 2, 24-27; (from Re: eratiar, - Zhurnal--
Knimi , Biologichesisaya 10iimiya No 18, 25 Sep 5ti, Abstract
No 24039, by I. El' man )
"Experiments were conducted on white mice from whose rations sodiaam
and chlorine were excluded for a period of 3 months; the animals were then
killed and the intensity of respiration determined in the muscle, kidney
and liver tissues. The intensity of respiration in the liver tissue was
2.7 times less than in the control animals, in the muscles, ;.3 times less;
and in tr- kidneys, 2.3 times less."
- 73 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
83. Effects of Light on EEG During Hy2noais
"Changes in Potentials of the Brain, Caused by Stimulating
Irritants, During Various Stages of Hypnosis," by A. I.
Marenina, Laboratory of Physiology and Pathology of the
Higher Nervous Activity (chief, P. Mayorov), Trudy In-
stituta Fiziologii imeni, I. P. Pavlov, Tom VI, Voprosy
Fizo ogii Nervnoy De tel'nosti (Works of the Institute 'f
Physiology imeni 1. P. Pavlov, Volume VI, Questions of
Physiology and Pathology of Nervous Activity), Publication
of Academy of Sciences USSR, Moscow-Leningrad, 1957, pp 330-
334
The author of this article reports the results of experiments con-
ducted on 24 healthy and 67 sick people to determine the effect of light
on the electrical activity of the brain of man both when he; is awake and
when subjected to various phases of hypnotic sleep. It was found that
light exerted the same effect on the electric activity of the brain during
the initial phase of hypnosis of an individual as it did when he was awake.
The effect of light during the second phase of hypnotic sleep for the most
part was different. During the third phase of hypnotic sleep, light for
the most part did not exert any substantial effect on electroencephalogram
pattern; in some cases it was possible also to see the effect of light on
the brain potential during the somnambulistic phase of hypnosis when the
cortex was inhibited superficially. The effect of stimulation with light
during natural sleep appeared on the electroencephalogram in the form of
changes that looked like a transition to the stage that preceded it.
A 100-volt electric bulb was used in the experiments. Exposure to
light was equal to 20. luxes. Elect:.roencepaalographic recordings were made
on a film by means. of cathodal oscillograph.
84. Neuroph iological Effects of Vibrations
"Vibration as an Irritant of Receptors of Internal Organs,"
Reflektorno a Vzaimode stvi e Lokomotornor i Vistsera1'noy
Sistem (Reflex Interaction Between Locomotor and. Visceral
Systems), by Mokhail Romanovich Mogendovich, State Publishing
House of Medical Literature,, Leningrad Section, 1957, Chapter
3, pp 108-119
The author describes physiological experiments on frogs, dogs, and
humans to determine the significance of vibratic-tn, as an irritant of re-
ceptors of internal organs. Besides confirming the importance of vibration
in occupational pathology and physiotherapy, these experiments made it
possible to discover a number of new facts and offered the possibility of
entertaining the idea that physicians could turn this unique physical factor
- 74 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
to act directly and by reflex action. not only on many internal organs that
are inaccessible to direct effect of other, therapeutic factorss, but also
on the central nervous system. Experiments were conducted both in the
laboratory and under clinical conditions.
Results of series of experiments, conducted with the isolated heart
of a frog, revealed that application of vibration to the hear-c ventricles
evoked, mainly, a change in the amplitude of contractions. The change was
recorded on the drum of a kymograph. in the majority of experiments these
changes had a two-phase character: decrease in amplitude, noted at first,
followed by an increase in amplitude above the initial value. The frequency
of heart beats, in most cases, remained the same; in 34% of cases, it de-
creased. The reaction of heart to the direct action of vibration did not
appear to be well defined.
Vibration had a more distinct effect on the venous sinus of the
isolated heart. A two-phase change in the frequency of heart contractions
was noted in addition to changes in amplitude of contractions similar to
those stated above.
Effectsof vibration on the stomach of a frog were also investigated
under conditions similar to those described above. Results of 54 experi-
ments showed that in 45 (85% of frogs, vibration stimulated the motor
activity of the stomach. With the aid of a gays tw ograph it was established
that tonus of the stomach increased and peristalsis became more frequent
and more energetic.
Experiments by V. P, Ryumin attempted to determine the least amount
of time needed for vibration to cause a reaction in the smooth muscles of
the stomach; 100 such experiments were conducted. The magnitude of thresh-
old time was 0.02-2.0 seconds it 77% of the Cases; in 23% of the cases it
was higher.
Having established the principal facts concerning the action of vibra-
tion on the stomach of cold-blooded animals, experimentation was switched
to warm-blooded animals. A dog with a gastric fistula was 'used, The
vibrator was applied to the fistula: tube which transmitted vibration to
the stomach. The amplitude of vibration was equal to 0,3Ma. Experiments
were conducted 16-18 hours after feeding. A gastrograph was used to make
recordings of stomach activity during the period of b.-tznger. Vibration was
applied both during periodic contractions and during periods when the stom-
ach was at rest. A total of 25 experimentswes conducted. It was observed
that vibration, during periodic co:utsactions of the sttomach, caused some
increase in the force of these contractions and caused an increase in the
tonus of muetcles. Furthermore, repetition of contractions was ncted in iso-
lated instances. Contractions also appeared and the tonus of muscles in-
creased when vibration was applied to the stomach while it was at rest.
But these contractions did not resemble those usually observed during "a
period of hu,ager" : their amplitude was considerably smaller;, pauses be-
tween them were almost imperceptible, and their duration was from 2 to 30
minutes.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82 0141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Thus, the experiments on a dog confirmed the conclusion reached as a
result of experiments on frogs -- t2ht vibL4at:.c'n is a factor which directly
stimulates the motor activity of the stomach.
The above experiments, however, did not help to determine whether
vibration exerts any effect on the visceral receptors. 'Lo clarify that
point it was necessary to make use of the gastrocardiac reflex. The method
used was the same as that used in experiments on frogs; the only difference
was that the activity of both the heart and the stomach was corded on the
drum of the kymograph simultaneously. The surface of the serous membrane
of the stomach was subjected to vibration (amplitude 0,1 mm),, In half of
the experiments the heart reaction obtained was of an unusual character:
the effect was not of parasympathetic character, but of a sympathetic char-
acter; an increase in pulse rate was noted. The latent period of this
reaction lasted 30 seconds and longer. A special series of experiments
was conducted in which vibration of a single frequency (100 cycles), but
of two different amplitudes (very low 0.1 mm and high 105 mm), was applied
to the stoomcho The first produced either an increase in frequency of
heart rhythm or produced no effect at all. The second, however, caused
the heart to stop, which came about very rapidly.
in some experiments it was observed that application either of weak
or strong vibrations to the cardiac part of the stomach and lower terminal
portion of the esophagus produced an i:rk.ibi Bing effect on the heart o Ap-
plication either of weak or strong vibrations upon any other part of the
stomach produced a stimulating effect on the heart.
The .possibility of obtaining a stimulating effect on heart activity
from the stomach seemed'to be so significant that attempts were made to
apply it to people o Observations were made in one series of experiments
with people in a reclining position. After establishing the uniformity
of pulse beats a vibrator (of 3.00 cl-tles and amp:?itrlde ;,,f 0.2 mm, was ap-
plied in the region of the stomach for a period of 10 minutes 0 The average
pulse rate during the last 3-5 minutes' prior to the application of vibra-
tion was taken as the initial pulse rate. Calculation of pulse rate con-
tinued without interruption every 30 seconds during the entire 10 minutes
and for 10-15 minutes after application of vibration in the region of the
stomachs Sphygmographic recordings were made in some experimentss
There experiments were conducted with 13 heal,';'h.y~ men anal. women 20-25
years of age Twenty-;c'ne,observatio s were made in, t1his series of experi-
ments Since results obtained were contradictory and vagae, usually in the
form of changes between 2-3. pulse beats one way or t'ce other, it was decided
to conduct experiments on people in a sitting position., instead of a reclining
positions Fifty-seven observations were made in experiments an 14 people
in this series of experiments. The results of this series of experiments
were clearer.
- 6 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Increase in pulse rate was observed in 50 observations out of 57 (in
88% of cases) when vibration was applied in the region of the stomach. No
clear-cut changes were observed in five observations, and retardation in
pulse rate was noted in two observations. In the majority of observations,
an increase of from 6 to 16 beats per minute was noted in pulse rate. This
usually developed 1-2 minutes after vibration was applied and reached its
maximum level within 24. minutes after the increase in the rate was noted.
The rate did not remain at that level all the time. It decreased gradually
even when vibration was still present. The pulse rate even dropped below
the initial level at this time. This was follcxwed by a new rise in. the
rate. ' Such alternation in pulsation recurred several times d*Lzing vibra-
tion. However, in the majority of observations the increase in pulse rate
continued even after cessation of vibration and lasted for a period of 10-
15 minutes, sometimes even longer.
For control purposes, one more series of observations was conducted
in experiments where vibration was used on the skin of a man. This was
necessary to find out whether an increase in pulse frequency takes place
by means of reflex action from the stomach when vibration is applied to
any area of the skin.
Observations were made of the effects of vibration in the area of the
shoulder and on the left side of the forearm, other condit:l.ons being the
same. In 12 observations on seven people experimented with, no noticeable
change in pulse rate was noted. Special studies were then made or, the re-
sults of the action of vibration on the right half of the abdomen, in the
same segment of the spinal cord as the stomach. Any change observed in
pulse rate was insignificant; either a-a increase or a decrease of 3-5 beats
per minute was noted.
Thus, all observations of control groups offer a basis for thinking
that the increase in pulse rate, arising as result of the application of
weak vibration in the area of the stomach of a man, is a reflex action
from the stomach and not from the skin. Thera is sufficient basis for
thinking that i.rcensification of vibratirn:n, would produce not stimulation,
but irihiibition of cardiac activity. Thu,3, it is quite probable ? that there
is a two-phase character to the action from the :atomaeh to t? e heart in
man. It is interesting to note that the two-phase characte:ti of the action
was also detected when a study was made of the effect on the pl,thysmogram
of the hand of temperature stimuli applied to th:. stomach.
Clinical and physiological observation found in the l ,ec. atu:~re dis-
cussing morphological and. experimental data shh.urec, long ago that the heart
was able to receive irritations. On the basis of this and On the basis of
data published by the author of this article in 19+21. it c:ax. now be stated
(as it was stated then) that the heart is a powe:~i'ul afferent system, pos-
sessing unique irritability and, therefore, acts as a refle:ogenic zone,
exerting an influence on a multitude of internal organs.
- 77 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
It can be considered an established fact at present that the heart,
with vessels contiguous to it, possesses the ability to act as an active
afferent apparatus which is part of the visceral analysor system and, con-
sequently, possesses the capacity to send its impulses to the brain and to
the spinal cord, coming thereby into relationship with other organs.
Despite the fact that the gastrocardiac reflex is a well-known viscero-
visceral reflex, and has been known for a long time, the idea somehow arose
that this was a one-sided reflex, i.e., the stomach influences the heart,
but not vice versa. The reverse effect, from the heart to the stomach, has
not been thoroughly studied in physiological experiments.
Proceeding, on the one hand, from the principle of reflex interaction
of organs and, on the other hand, from the secondary effects of vibration
on the heart of a frog, attempts were made to investigate whether there
exists any reflex action from the heart to the stomach.
A series of experiments was conducted by V. P. Ryumin on frogs .in
which recordings of the movements of the stomach and of heart beats were
made on a kymograph simultaneously. An electromagnetic vibrator with a
frequency of 100 cycles and an amplitude of 0.3 mm was used to irritate
the heart. Vibration lasted 1-3 minutes. Results of 67 experiments, in
which vibration was used to irritate the heart, showed that ;.pore frequent
and energetic contraction of the stomach took place. this was observed
in 54 experiments (80%); peristalsis remained the same, but the tones of
the stomach increased in 11 experiments (17%). Retardation in peristalsis
was observed in two experiments.
To verify that any change in, the movements of the stomach, during
action on the heart, was a reflex,, action, 40 experiments were conducted by
applying vibration to the heart with successive disintegration of various
branches of the nervous system in each frog. These experiments showy( that
when the area above the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord have been
disintegrated, the effect or. the stomach remains the same. It disappears
during disintegration of the medulla oblongata alone. In this manner, the
presence of cardiogastric reflex and existence of a central link in the
medulla oblongata was established.
This was verified on warm-blooded animals. Thirty experiments were
carried out on a dog with a gastric fistula.
(8 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Experimentation began with recording of the periodic contractions of
the stomach in a hungry dog by means of a gastrograph. The purpose of this
was to carefully detect the individual peculiarities, duration, and char-
acter of the stomach action during periods of work and rest. Vibration
(frequency 100 cycles, amplitude 0.3mm) was applied after that in the area
of the heart fora period of 2-10 minutes. Vibration was applied when the
stomach was at rest and at the beginning and at the end of the period when
the stomach was working. It seems, therefore, that the reaction of the
stomach to a given irritation depends to considerable degree on its func-
tional condition. So, during the period of complete rest the stomach seems
to be refractory to vibration applied to the area of the heart. Clear-cut
results were also produced when vibration was applied at the moment when
periodic contractions of the stomach began. However, when vibration was
applied at the end of the work period, that is within 4-8 minutes after
cessation of work, a brief resumption of contractions of the stomach
similar to the periodic ones, was observed in nine experiments out of ten.
These conditions appeared when vibration was first applied and subsequently
disappeared despite the continued application of vibration.
Additional experiments were conducted for control purposes. Vibration
was applied in the area of the stomach and other parts of the body of an
animal. Results obtained in the experiments in which vibration was applied
in the area of the stomach did not resemble the results observed when vibra-
tion was applied in the area of the heart. Comtzaction of the stomach was
produced even during the period of profound sleep, within 20- 0 minutes
after work, But these contractions were not identical with the usual
periodic contractions of a "hungry stomach." it was possible to observe
frequent changes in the character of contractions even at the very begin-
ning of work of the stomach. This did not obtain. when irritation was ap-
plied in the area around the heart.
To differentiate the possible effect o.' irritation of the skin on the
stomach, experiments were carried out in which vibration was applied on the
right side of the chest (in the area of the heart) that corresponds to--
spinal cord segments of the skiff?. These experiments, however, did not
produce any clear-cut reactions of the stomach. Experiments of this series,
therefore, correspond to data obtained in cold-blooded animals, i.e., re-
flex action from the heart on the stomach can also be obtained in warm-
blooded animals.
- 79 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
It must be assumed that the reflex effect which arises when vibration
is applied to irritate the heart: is not limited to the stomach alone, but
applies: also to other viscero-viLiceral and viscero-motor reflexes. in any
case ;,his question is not only of theoretical interest, but also of prac-
tical interest. For that reason it can be claimed that significant results
have been obtained if the laboratory studies made so far, establishing the
existence of a cardiogastric reflex, will serve to stimulate further exper-
imental and clinical research in that direction.
L. Mikheyeva conducted experiments to find out the effects of local
vibration on motor conditioned reflexes in dogs. She clamed that local
action of vibration has a widespread functional effect. Conditioned re-
flexes, in the form of lifting paws, were developed to light at~d sound
signals during electrocutaneous reinforcement. Kymographic recordings and
measurements were made of a latent period with precision -of up to a
hundredth of a second. Experiments were conducted with two dogs of dif-
ferent types: an excited type and a calm type. Conditioned reflexes and
differentiations were developed and 83 experiments were conducted. Various
areas of the skin, particularly the back, were subjected to vibrations. A
100-cycle electromagnetic vibrator was used for 10-15 minutes. The effect
of the sound component was excluded. The follcming results were obtained
by Mikheyeva (1955): (1) Local irritation with vibration applied in order
of consequences produced an effect on the motor ?analysThis effect is
different in itself. (2) In the calm dog,, the effect of vibration: appeared
during a brief extension of the latent period; an increase in the condi-
tioned motor reaction was noted. However, these changes were nctied only'
during the initial experiments, after which adaptation appeared. Subse-
quently, vibration produced no shifts of any kind in the conditioned re-
flex action. (3) Vibration produced changes in the higher nervous activity
which were much more profound and lasting. These changes in the nervous
activity manifested themselves in disruption of the balance between inhibi-
tion and excitation of the motor analysor. In addition to this, excitation
prevailed during the first period of experimentation; during the s::"ond
period, inhibition prevailed. (4) Discovery of dependence of effects of
vibration on individual peculiarities of the nervous system places a number
of new questions before the physiology of work and occupational pathology,
80
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Public 'Hea1~,Y:y Hygiene, and Sanitation
85. Facts on .Pblic Health in Uzbek SSR
"Congress of Public Health. Workers of Uzbekistan," by N.
Golovir: Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, No 77, 26 Sep 58,
p3
R. S. Sagatov, Minister of Health Uzbek SSR, in his address at the
recently concluded Fovx?th Cong-ress of Public Health Workers of the Uzbek
SSR, reported that the network of therapeutic establishments in Uzbekistan
has increased to 1.2 times the prerevolutionary number and there are '45'
times as' many hospital beds in these establishments. At prE.sent9 the re-
public has 8,560 physician;, 1,737 pharmacists, anc: over 27,000 medical
workers. During the same period the death rate is one fifth the prerevolu-
tionary rate, and the birth rate greatly increased.
Other speakers at the congress pointed out that within the next 10-15
years tuberculosis will be completely wiped out in the republic and that
the st:7uggle for the ei .mibl..atio;? of malaria has progressed considerably.
86. Advancement of Pub=+.. c Health in Uzbekistan,
"The Advancement of Public Health. in Uzbekistan," by R. S.
Sagatov, Med. Zhu_~. Uzbekistaraa (Medical d'c Xnal of U ^beki-
stan), No Illy 1957 -1.7; (f om Medii;siaaski Referativnyy
Zhu_rnal, Wo 7v .dun 58, p 4)
"During the pre ^evolutionary days in Uzbekistan, there were one
physician, one feldsher, 2-3 midwives, and 3-4 people capable of giving
vaccinations in the er,%tire country. The sanitary organization, consisting
of two physicians, had one bacteriological laboratory and one pasteuriza-
tion station. In 1.892, 21,858 people died from cholera. During the first
year of life, 30 out of every 100 infants born died,, in some years the,-
ratio was 60 out of ever-.Y 70. in 1914 only 14 kopecks per person per year
was spent on pui:)lIc health. At present, there are in the republic 40,873
hospital rooms or one _^oom per 180 people. Appropriations for public health
in 1957 amounted to 145 rubles per person. There are 124 specialized dis-
pensaries, 360 female and ciiildvenss consultation offices '(approximately
half cf which are in villages) , 1, 528 permanent nurseries with a capacity
of 50,822, and 8,703 sewGa Ia rairsei ies with a capacity of 168,000. The
medical network consists of 772 un fied hospitals and dispensaries. Twenty-
six stations and rooms were organized for tranfusing blood, as well as 211
physician-manned and 427 feldsher mani2ed, health stations in industrial
enterprises, and 31 medical -sanity:`,ion units. Uzbekistan has the following
- 81 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
number of physicians in the following specialties: 197 physicians engaged
in therapeutics, 1,130 pediatricians, 606 surgeons, 588 obstetrician-
gynecologists, 414 phthisiologists, 358 sanitation physicians, 364 derma
tologists and venerologists, 237 oculists, 262 infectionists, and '528
dentists. There are a chemopharmaceutical plant, 317 pharmacies, and 1,654
pharmacy points. Some 2,427 people are engaged by the pharmaceutical ad-
ministration?
Parasitic worms were liquidated in 1932; In 1955, quartan malaria was
liquidated as a massive disease: the mean intensity index was lowered in
1956 to 0.9. Infant mortality rate in 1956 was one tenth that in 1914;
the ratio of births to deaths was 6:1.
Radiology
87. Acceleration and Inhibition of Ascorbic Acid Oxidation Due to Various
Types of Ionizing Radiation
"The Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid by Certain Types of Ionizing
Radiation," by B. I. Pukhov, Tr. Kirg. Med. In-ta (Works of
the Kirgiz Medical Institute), 1957, 9, 119-123; (from Refera-
tivnyy Zhurnal -- Khim Biolo icheska Khim _,No UT,
25 Aug 58, Abstract No 20497, by A:'Trufanov
"The oxidation of a 0.05% solution of ascorbic acid proceeds at a
faster rate due to the *effect of H202 than due to 02. The oxidation of
ascorbic acid is speeded up by a factor of 8.5 after a single ultraviolet
irradiation, while after irradiation by roentgen rays, ascorbic acid oxida-
tion is speeded by a factor of 2. The oxidation of ascorbic-acid, after a
single roentgen irradiation (without H202), proceeds at the same rate in
the 200-800 roentgen range, but with doses of 1,000 roentgens, oxidation
is inhibited.
- 82 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
Miscellaneous
88. EstablisYnnen;t of Republic Affiliates of Academy of Medical Sciences
USSR Urged "The Problem of the Means for Reorganizing the Medical Sciences,"
by Prof E. 1.Atakhanov, chairman, Scientific Medical Council,
Ministry of Health Uzbek SSR; Moscow, Vestnik Akademii Medit-
sinskikh Nauk SSSF, No 6, Jun 58, pp 8,-5_88
In the Uzbek SSR considerable progress has been made in the medical
field. At present the republic has five medical ;Hazes (higiher educational
institutions) and nine scientific research institutes, but one of thgPYRGHT
greatest shortcomings in the scientific medical research program of the
republic is the planning and organization of research. The author there-
fore states that: Mile c . ? M AwIrGIOMONA
of medical science , country IF y,. a5 or goc organization in the
planning of scientific research and the coordination of the work of medical
scientists.... Since the ftLiction of planning all important medical prob-
lems and the coordination of work is now the responsibility of the Academy
of Medical Sciences USSR, it is uzp to the academy to establish the planning
and coordination operation and to krorY closely with scientific medical
councils of the union :republics.... Th.s type of operation*. is most dif-
ficult for one body to handle; we believe that the solution to this is to
establish in each union. republic an affiliate of the Academy of Medical
Sciences USSR. The organization of such affiliates would serve to in-
tensify the study of occupational diseases, morbidity, and mortality of
the population. of individual kV?sys and would indicate concrete preventive
measures. All republic scientific research institutes of the republic's
academy of sciences and medical hazes s could be tra?2sferred to the ad-
ministration of the republic's affiliate of the Academy of Medical Sciences
USSR.... The affiliate would then be responsible for all planning and
coordination of medical research in the republic."
89. Current Status of Soviet Medical Institutes
"For the Future I .p_^ovement of the Work of Medical Institutes,"
by M. G. Sirotkina. (Moscow)-, Mcacow9 SLce-t_kB, Meditslna No 6~
Jon 58, pp 131-135
Since 1952 four new medical 1.n?tJ.t;;ates have been opened in Siberia
and the Far East. At the same time the au be:.- of students adrsitted to
medical vuzes of the Urals, Siberia, and Far East has greatly increased.
The number of students in these -razes in 19 7' was more than double the
1940 number: there were nearly 29,000 students in. 1951.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
At the same time the number of students admitted to medical vuzes of
the central and southern RSFSR has decreased. There are at present 44
medical institutes in the RSFSR, and the number of graduates is "sufficient
for the public health needs of the RSFSR; thus no new medical vuzes are
being established."
During the Fifth Five-Year Plan, 47,300,000 rubles was spent on the
construction of classroom buildings and dormitories, while, during 1956-
1957, 65,300,000 rubles was spent. Five new classroom buildings and eight
dormitories for 3,000 students have been completed. These dormitories were
built at the Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Kursk, Ryazan, Che-
lyabinsk, Stalingrad, and Second Moscow Medical Institutes.
During 1958, fifteen classroom buildings and 14 dormitories will be
built; of these,6 classroom buildings and 8 dormitories will be located in
the medical vuzes of the Urals, Siberia, and Far East.
To improve the quality of graduates from medical institutes, especially
in clinical experience, 20 new therapeutic establishments are now being
built in. cities where medical vuzes are established.
In 1957, 40,200,000 rubles was appropriated for the educational and
scientific activities of medical vuzes; this appropriation is four times
greater than that of 1951.
90. New Medical Institute in Vladivostok
"Medical Institute in Vladivostok" (unsigned article); Moscow.,
Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, 19 Sep 58, p 1
By decree of the Council-of Ministers RSFSR, the Medical Faculty of
Vladivostok Stdte University has been disbanded, and in its place there
has been established the Vladivostok Medical Institute. All former stu-
dents of the Medical Faculty will be transferred to the new institute.
During the 1958-59 academic year the new institute will admit 100
students in the.first-year class. Classes are to begin on 1 October 1958.
- 84 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
91. North-Osetian Medical Institute To Be Ex anded
"Medical Vuzes in the Eastern Part of the Country" (unsigned
article); Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, 26 Sep 58, p 2
The North-Osetian Medical Institute, which has been scheduled to be
transferred to Vladivostok to become the Vladivostok Medical Institute, has
been allowed to continue functioning in the city of Ordzhonikidze. Plans
have been made to expand the institute; a complete renovation of the insti-
tute's buildings will be made and new equipment will be installed.
The institute will continue to graduate medics for work in -North-
Osetia and the neighboi=ing Checheno-Ingushskaya and Kabardino-Balkarskaya
A.SSRs.
92. New Faculty Established at Yerevan Medical Institute
"Short News" (unsigned article); Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik,
19 Sep 58, p 2
A Faculty for the Advanced Training of Physicians (Fakul'tet Usover-
shenstvovaniya Vrachey) has been established at the Yerevan Medical Insti-
tute. The faculty will consist of the Chairs of Therapy, Pediatrics';
General Hygiene, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and others.
93, New Laboratory for Experimental Cancer Therapy
CPYRGHT
"Khronika," Vrachebnoye Delo, No 9, 1958, p 1008
"A Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Therapy is being organized at
the Kiev Roentgen Radiological and Oncological Institute. Prof. R. Ye.
ic.vetskiy, an academician of the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR, has
been designated director of the laboratory. It is contemplated that the
following areas will be covered: radioisotope therapy, chemotherapy,
biotherapy, and morphology,
"The laboratory has been presented with the task of developing and
introducing new methods and improving existing methods for treating malig-
nant tumors mainly by searching for new preparations such as antibiotics,
antimetabolites, and synthetic antitumor substances.
- 85 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
"The new laboratory will have close contact with the [Institute of
Organic Chemistry; the Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sci-
ences Ukrainian SSR; the Sanitary Chemical institute; the Institute of
Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR; the
hhar'kov Radiological Institute, Ministry of Health Ukrainian SSR; other
institutes which will be able to obtain new substances having antitumor
action; and clinics which have been approved for conducting experiments
with the preparations.
"Although there have been notable successes in anticancer endeavors,
it is still necessary to develop new methods of treating those forms of
the disease for which surgery and radiation therapy are not practical.
"The new laboratory will be the coordination center for this type
of experimentation."
94o All-Union Conference of Surgeons
"All-Union Conference of Surgeons" (unsigned article); Moscow,
Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, 23 Sep 58, p 4
The Ministry of Health USSR and the All-Union Society of Surgeons
will convoke an All- Jnion Conference of Surgeons on 25 September 1958 in
Kazan!. The conference is to last 6 days. The program will include re-
ports on the problems of an esthesiology, tumors of the colon, compound
fractures, and the treatment of trauanatismo Over 70 reports will be given
on these problems
950 International Parasitology Conference in Budapest
"International Parasitology C`otrLfi 1 nee in 2udapest," by Acad -
emician Sandor Kotlan; Budapest, .Nepszabadsag, 14 Sep 58,
p 10
The international parasitology conference organized by the Fourth
Department (Agricultural Sciences) of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
-gill begin on 15 September 1958. Experts from the Soviet Union, the
People's Democracies, and several Western countries ?Vill participates
The conference which will last until 18 September, will include discussion
of public health and veterinarian parasitology problems; including pre-
vention of liver fluke disease in domestic animals and prevention of lung
wo?ms
- 86 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
From the public health viewpoint there will be an exchange of ideas
concerning enterobiosis and entamoebiosis.
Foreign guests will i:t.clude K. 1. Skryabin, Soviet academician; W. Stelanski, Polish academician; 0. J'irovec, Czech academician; Hovorka,
Slovak academician; Matoff and Pavlov, Bulgarian professors; Enigk, West
German professor; K,endaL1, English doctor and chief of the Parasitology
Department of the Veterinarian Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, and
Petrovich, Yugoslav docent.
96. Congress of Public Health Workers of Armenian SSR
"Congress of Public Health Workers of Armenia" (unsigned arti-
cle); Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnik, 19 Sep 58, p 1
The First Congress of Medical Workers of the Armenian SSR, attended
by nearly 1,200 sbholars, physicians, nurses, feldshers, sanitation workers,
and party members, was convened on 19 September 1958 in Yerevan. The key-
note address was given by A. I. Khrimlyan, Minister of Health Armenian SSR.
In his address, he pointed out that the republic now has 3,500 physicians
compared with 73 in 1913. The current annual budget for medical public
health in the republic is 311 million rubles; during the past 15 years the
budget has tripled.
Malaria is considered completely liquidated in the republic and the
spread of infectious diseases greatly reduced.
The congress heard reports on measures for controlling enteric infec-
tions, on the medical-sanitation service for industrial workers, and on
tasks in sanitation education.
97. Third Congress of Phthisiologists of Ukraine To Be Held in Late October
"Third Congress of Phthisiologists of the Ukraine" (unsigned
article); Moscow, Meditsinskiy Rabotnikk 26 Sep 58, p 1+
The Organizational Committee of the Third Congress of Phthisiologists
of the Ukraine announces that the congress will be held in Kiev from 20 to
23 October 1958.
- 87 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
The program will include (1) the epidemiology and prophylaxis of tu-
berculosis and the organization of its control, (2) recovery from various
forms of tuberculosis, (3) current indications of the various methods of
surgical treatment of cavernous tuberculosis, and (4) compensating proc-
CPYRGHT ewes in the organism following surgical intervention as a result of tu-
berculosis.
"All questions concerning the congress should be addressed to the
following: Kiev, Baykova gora, Klinicheskaya, 4, Ukrainian Scientific
Research Institute of Tuberculosis imeni Academician F. G. Yanovskiy;
telephone, 4-25-82, 5-41-33."
98. Czechoslovak Psychiatrists Hold First National Congress
"Local and Foreign News" (unsigned article); Prague, Obrana
Lidu, 21 Sep 58, p 2
From 22 to 27 September 1958, the Czechoslovak Psychiatric Society
(Ceskoslovenska psychiatrick'a spolecnost) will hold its first national
congress in Marianske Lazne. The psychiatric society is a section of
the "J. E. Purkyne" Medical Society (Lei: . Y,a spolecnost J. E. Purkyne).
About 300 Czechoslovak psychiatrists and other specialists will be present
at the congress to discuss neuroses.
99. Prof I. R. Braude, Ukrainian Infectionist, Dies
"Il'ya Rafailovich Braude" (unsigned article); Kiev, Vrachebnoye
Delo, No 9, Sep 58, p 999
Prof Ilya Rafailovich Braude, one of the outstanding Soviet-Ukrainian
infectionists, Doctor of Medical Sciences and head of the Clinic of Infec-
tious Diseases of Kharkov Medical Institute, died recently. He was born
in 1890 and graduated from the Medical Faculty, Kharkov Universit:y, in
1914. In 1932 he was elected head of the Clinic of Infectious Diseases,
.s1sr'kov Medical Institute, which he headed until his death.
Braude is the author of 65 scientific works, including a textbook on
the diagnosis of infectious diseases. His major studies concerned the
pathology, diagnosis, and therapy of dysentery, typhoid fever, typhus,
malaria, and influenza. '
- 88 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141R000100180001-4 ,
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08: CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
100. Prof D. N. Nasonov, Soviet C~ t o : i L t ,, Dies
"Dmitriy Nikolayevich Nasonov (1895-1957) Y" by A. V. Zhirmu-
_,kiy and V. P. Mikhaylov; Moscow, Vest:,.ik Akademii Meditsin-
skikh Nauk No 5, May 58, pp 85-86
Prof Dmitriy Nikolayevich Nasoz ov, Astive Member of the Academy of
Medical Sciences USSR Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences USSR,
and one of the most outstanding Soviet specialists in cytology, died on
21 December 1957.
Nasonov was born on 10 July 1895 in Warsaw and ? graduated in 1919 from
the Natural Sciences Department, Phis i: om thematical Faculty, of Petrograd
University. In 1933, he became head of the Cytology Laboratory, All-Union
Tnstitute of Experimental Medicine; in 1935 he joined the Laboratory of
Cell Physiology, Physiology Instituter of Leningrad State University. Dur-
ing 1939-1940 he was dean of the Biology Faculty, Leningrad State University,
ax.d from 1945 to 1950 was head of the Division of General Morphology. From
190 to 1950 he was director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine,
A.c:ademy of Medical Sciences USSR. In 1957y, he was elected director of the
Institute of Cytology, Academy of Sciences USSR, which like had helped
_nganize.
He was the author of over 100 scientific works dealing with various
aspects of the synthesis of morphological ,nd physiological investigations.
:'..0..'.. Prof A. I. Dobrokhotova, Soviet Pediatrician, Dies
"Aleksandra Ivanovna Dobrokhotova (1884-1958)" (unsigned? arti-
cle); Moscow, Vestnik Akadem?ii Meditsinskikh Nauk, No 5, May 58,
pp 86-87.
Prof Aleksandra Ivano?vnna Dobrokhotova, Corresponding Member of the
A adeny of Medical Sciences USSR, died on 13 February 1958. She was born
in Kineshma in 1884 and graduated from the Medical Faculty of the Moscow
Higher Women's Courses in 1913. In 1921 she joined the staff of the In-
etitute of Pediatrics, Academy of Medical Sciences USSR, and for the past
2) years was head of its Division of Acut9 Children's Infections.
For her work in the field of childre.' e public health, she was awarded
the Order of Lenin and Order of Labc Red B ,nn.er and other medals. She was
the author of over 150 scientific and popular works concerning important
p=blems of children's infections.
- 89 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000100180001-4
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R0001 00180001-4
.1T>~n.nile ;strength-H!)xdne;so R,E.:latio.n hips EEL Co r toys at h
"Tr1ati onship Dt t ween Tensile Strength and Hardness of Cer-
t
' .ain Copper Alloys at High Temperatures," by M. V. Zaakharov,
s I. .rCnrpenko, and M. V. Stepanova,; Mosn^.ow, Tsvetne
NIA i1:L~, No 8, Aug 58, pp 64-67
7:n:oa^,ti.pa.tioris were conducted on binary (Cu-Al, Cu-Mn, Cu-Cr, Cu.-Zr),
to (Cu-NI2Si, Cu-NiAI, Cu-C.r.-Zr, Cu-NI.-Be), and quaternary (Cu-Ni-
B..-Zr,, C.u-Ni -Be - Cd) copper alloys at 600 and 800?C in an attempt to deter-
mine thn. ;r:::l..ationship of tensile etrength and hardness in nonferrous al-
Data and graphs are pr'ssented for tests on 70 alloy specimens whirh
w : i rNp:fxn_d in high- temperature resistance furnaces.
Graphic comparison of tensile strength arid hardness gives an almost
g:ht- 'Line relationship. In the case of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, the largest
d