SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000100320001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 102
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 5, 1959
• Content Type: REPORT

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
SCIENTIFIC
INFORMATION REPORT
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PLEASE NOTii
Table of Contents
SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION REPORT
This report presents unevaluated information extracted from
recently received publications of the USSR, Eastern Europe, and
China. The information selected is intended to indicate aurent
scientific developments and activities in the USSR, in the Sino-
Soviet Orbit countries, and in Yugoslavia, and is disseminated
as an aid to United States Government research.
Page
I. Chemistry 1
Electrochemistry 1
Fuels and Propellants 1
Industrial Chemistry 2
Isotopes 6
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Construction Materials 7
Organic Chemistry 8
Physical Chemistry 12
Radiation Chemistry 15
Radiochemistry i6
Miscellaneous 17
Acoustics and Audio Frequency
Communications
Components
Computers
Instruments and Equipment
Materials
Radar
III. Engineering
Antibiotics
Bacteriology
Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Warfare
21
21
22
2`55
27
28
32
35
38
42
42
4+3
4+8
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Forensic Medicipe
Immunology and Therapy
Oncology
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Physiology
Public Health and Sanitation
Radiology
Surgery
Miscellaneous
VI. Metallurgy
VII. Physics
Atomic and Molecular Physics
Atomic Energy Development
Mechanics
Nuclear Physics
Solid State
Spectroscopy
Theoretical and Experimental. Physics
Page
50
51
57
61
64
67
68
76
77
79
80
80
80
82
85
88
89
91
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1. CHEMISTRY
Electrochemistry
1. Functioning of the Gas Diffusion Electrode in Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells
"The Mechanism of the Work of a Diffusion Electrode in Hydrogen-
Oxygen Fuel Cells," by I. G. Gurevich, Power Institute, Academy
of Sciences Belorussian SSR; Minsk, Inzhenerno?-Fizicheskiy Zhur-
nal, Vol 2, No 11, Apr 59 , pp 78-86
Starting from considerations based on A. W. Lykov's theory of material
transfer in bodies with capillary pores, a mechanism is proposed for the
functioning of as diffusion electrodes, on the basis of which electrodes
for gas fuel cells can be designed. After the assumption has been made
that the effective utilization of the inner surface of an electrode of
this type is determined by the kinetics of gas transfer, conditions are
defined which correspond to a maximum inner surface of an electrode with
a. unit visible surface
On the basis of the proposed mechanism., results obtained by F. T.
Bacon and E. Justi in regard to hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells are explained.
Fuels and Pro ep 1lants
2. The Explosive Conversion of Methane
"The Explosive Conversion of Methane; Part III ???M Processes
T--king Place in an Internal Combustion Engine During the Explo-
sive Conversion of Methane," by Ya. S. Kazarnovskiy, N. I.
Kobozev, A. I. St.zhinskiy, and B. S. Torban, Trudy Gosu.dar-
stvenogo Nauchno-Issledovatel'sko_?o i Pro ektnogo Institu.ta
Azotnoy Promyshlenosti, No $, 57, pp 10 123 (from Referativn
Zhurnal -- Khimiya, No 4, 25 Feb 59, Abstract No 13233, by
A.. Vavilova
The possibility has been studied of the development of an equilibrium
state during the incomplete oxidation of CHI1. in intermittently (periodi-
cally) acting equipment. It was established that the final condition of
the system upon explosive conversion of rich gas in an internal combustion
engine corresponds to the equilibrium of the water gas reaction at 1,1+000.
When an explosive conversion of coal gas is carried out in the same
engine, the final state corresponds to the equilibrium of the water gas
reaction at 1,5500. Equations are given for the power and material indices
of the explosive conversion of rich gas and coke gas in the range of d.
values from 0.39 to 1.00.
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Part 2 of this investigation has been abstracted in Referativnyy
Zhurnal -- Khimiya, 1958, Abstract No 75238
Industrial Chemistry
3. Some Current Developments and Trends in the Production of Rare and
Nonferrous Metals in Kazakhstan
"The 21st Congress of the CPSU and the Tasks of Science in
Kazakhstan," by K. I. Satpayev, President of the Academy of
Sciences Kazakh SSR; Alma-Ata, Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoy
SSR, Vol 15, No 3 (168), mar 59~ pp 3-23
Notwithstanding the fact that complete geological surveys have not
yet been carried out, it is known that Kazakhstan occupies one of the
foremost places in th' USSR and in the world as far as supplies of Chromium,
vanadium, copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, silver, iron, tungsten, molybdenum,
barite, phosphorites, and inorganic salts are concerned. Kazakhstan
also occupies a. foremost position with regard to supplies of manganese,
nickel, coal, asbestos, germanium, rhenium, and a number of other rare and
dispersed elements that are of importance in the new technology.
Among the more noteworthy investigations in the field of metallurgy
carried out by power specialists and metallurgists of the Academy of
Sciences Kazakh SSR is the fundamentally new cyclone method for the
smelting of copper ores and copper concentrates. It was established that
this process is very efficient in comparison with the ordinary process of
smelting in reverberatory furnaces., The specific output of an [egquivalent]
volume of a cyclone chamber is almost 30 times greater than the output of
the smelting space of a reverberatory furnace. When the heat of combus-
tion of sulfides is used in cyclone smelting, the amount of fuel needed
is lowered 'by 60-70%. The high content of sulfur trioxide in the combus-
tion products, which amounts to 8-10%, makes it possible to establish
concurrently a very efficient production of sulfuric acid. Introduction
of the cyclone method at the Balkhash Copper Smelting Plant made it pos-
sible to increase the productive capacity of the plant by a factor of
1.5-1.6. In the near future, the cyclone method will. be tried out in the
smelting of ferrous metals and also in the production of phosphate fer-
tilizers and cement.
After the cyclone method has been successfully introduced into ferrous
metallurgy, it will be possible to accomplish metallurgical conversion in
this branch of industry without the use of coke. As a result, an exten-
sive economy amounting to billions of rubles will be achieved in the
country.
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In connection with work related to the implementation of the current
Soren-Year Plan, important tasks will devolve on the Institute of Metal-
lurgy and Enrichment, Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR. This institute will
have to assist in every respect in the further development of nonferrous
metallurgy in the .Kazakh SSR and also aid in the development of new enter-
prises for the production of light and rare metals. Particular attention
must be paid to the subsequent development of the many-sided utilization
of ores of nonferrous, light, and rare metals. In this field processes
being applied at present must be improved. Furthermore, new technological
flow-sheets must be developed which will eliminate the losses of valuable
metals in tailings and slags. One must achieve more complete extraction
of dispersDd elements from intermediate products. This refers to the
extraction of indium, germanium, gallium, rhenium, cadmium, thallium, and
other metals., One must also develop rapidly new flow sheets on the basis
of which the conversion of ores of the Upper Kayrakty deposits and other
major deposits of rare metals will become possible.
The technological processes for the enrichment of ores of the
Dzhezkazgan, Tekeliysk, and other mines must be improved. Every effort
must be made to expedite developmental work on the many-sided conversion
by the cyclone method of copper ores and polymetal ores and also of inter-
mediate products derived from different Kazakhstan deposits. The same
applies to conversion in the suspended state, in electric furnaces, by
the methods of acid and salt leaching, and by other methods. It is very
important to establish the technical and economic advantages of using
every method mentioned for the treatment of specific ores. Of primary
importance are the development of efficient methods for the conversion of
raw material containing aluminum oxide and investigations on refractories
and silicate coatings required in the ferrous and nonferrous metallurgical
production of Kazakhstan.
At the Chemical Institute, Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR, research
has been conducted f.r a long time on. the electrolytic production. of zinc.
Although some results have been achieved in this field, the institute is
not taking appropriate measures to complete this work and transfrr the
new process to industrial application. Application of the process in
question will make it possible to greatly increase the production of
zinc and also to mechanize and make completely automatic the production
of the metal deposited electrolytically,,
4. The Cyclone Method of Smelting
"Reports of. Departments of the Academy of Sciences Kazakh SSR"
(unsigned article); Alma-Ata, Vestnik Akademii Nauk Kaza.khskoy
SSR, Vol 15, No 3 (168), Mar 59, Pp f - 1
During 1958 two institutes of the ALwdemy of Sciences Kazakh SSR
(the Power Institute and the Institute of Metallurgy and Enrichment) con-,
tinued work on the theory of cyclone processes. Smelting of copper
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concentrates was successfully carried out in the cyclone chamber of the
Balkhash Copper Smelting Plant. Laboratory research has been completed
on the cyclone smelting of the Tekeliysk intermediate product, Leningorsk
slag, Ust'-Kamenogorsk zinc conglomerate (kek), and Achisaysk oxidized
lead-zinc ore.
5. Method for the Recovery of Capron
"Recovery of Capron," by Engineers I. Bekin, S. Sinyev, and
I. Tseytlin, Omsk Scientific Research Designing and Technolo-
gical Institute of the Tire Industry; Moscow, Promyshlenno
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, Vol 4, No 30 (485), 11 Mar 59, p
At present, the quantity of capron cord waste amounts to 200-250
tons per year. The Omsk Scientific Research Designing and Technological
Institute of the Tire Industry has developed a method for the production
of capron powder from this waste. The essential steps of the method are
as follows:
The capron cord is melted in a liquid medium which does not react
with polyamide resins and has a boiling point of 240-300?. The voluminous
capron mass which has precipitated is washed with warm water, degreased,
and dried at a temperature of 125-140?. The residual moisture must not
exceed 0.3-0.35%. Parts made of capron which has been recovered from
cord waste are not inferior with regard to their physico-mechanical char-
acteristics to parts manufactured from capron wastes of the textile
industry.
6. Thermal Expansion of Polytetrafluorethylene
"Thermal Expansion of Ftoroplast IV Between Minus 190 and+325?
C," by I. Ye. Leksina and S. I. Novikova; Leningrad, Fizika
_
Tverdogo Tela, Vol I, No 3, Mar 59, pp 5-511
Measurements of the thermal expansion of Ftoroplast IV (polytetra-
fluorethylene) produced by the plastics industry were conducted. as a part
of a program for the investigation 'of technical materials.
7. Rotary Extractor of a New Design
"A Rotary Continuous Counter-Current Extractor," by Engineers
I. I. Salamatov and G. M. Veksler; Moscow, Khimicheskoye Mash-
inostroyeniye, No 1, Jan 59, pp 12-14
The design of a new rotary extractor developed at the Scientific
Research Institute of Chemical Machine Building is described. This
extractor is reported to be superior to that of the Podbielniak type,
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particularly as far as separation of the light from the heavy phase is
concerned. One of the differences between the Podbielniak extractor and
the new counter-current extractor is that the flow of liquids in the
latter is maintained without the use of pumps. The flow through the
rotor, the processes of extraction and separation, and discharge of the
separated phases from the rotor are brought about by centrifugal force.
Laboratory experiments with the new extractor were conducted on solutions
of nitric acid; tributyl phosphate was used as the extracting solvent and
also diisooctylpyrophosphate. The experiments described were carried out
at a velocity of rotation corresponding to 2.400 rpm. These experiments
showed that the rotary extractor, in which the time of contact between the
phases is short, can be used for efficient extraction (up to 6.5 theore-
tical plates) only when rapidly acting extracting agents are used. On
the basis of the tests conducted, the extractor is regarded as a reliable
automatic appliance which will be useful in the production of antibiotics,
rare elements, and other products which require a short time of extraction.
8. Treatment of Water by a Magnetic Method
"Treatment of Water by a Magnetic Method," by S. Malyith, Alma-
Ata; Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, Vol 4, No 15
(470), 1 Feb 59 pT_____________
Equipment for the treatment of hard water by a magnetic method has
been developed at the Alma-Ata Heavy Machine Building Plant. This equip-
ment was mounted inside the feed-water pipe of a boiler of the DICV-6.5-13
type producing 6.5 tons of steam per hour. It consists of several staggered
electromagnetic strips contained in a hermetically closed copper housing.
The windings of the magnet receive direct current from the electric net-
worlc after this current has been rectified.
After operation of the boiler equipped with the new water treatment
device has been continued for a. period of 3 months, no scale was detected
on the walls of the drums or the pipes. The collectors contained a layer
of soft precipitate which could be removed with facility.
"An Installation for the Electromagnetic Treatment of Water,"
by P. Galenko, Plant Director, and M. Vitnyy, Chief Engineer;
Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonornicheskaya Gazeta,, Vol 4, No 11.0 (495),
5 Apr 59, p i.
The essential part of the installation is an electric magnet. The
core of this magnet is machined out of a single piece of steel. Six
coils connected in series are wound around the core by means of PEL-1
wire having a diameter of 0.37 mm. Each coil consists of 1,500 windings.
The winding is designed for a potential of 100 volts and a current strength
of 0.3 amperes. The core together with the coils is contained in a
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hermetically closed housing to one of the ends of which a tube is welded.
Through this tube the terminals of the winding come out. The housing and
tube are made of copper, but any nonmagnetic material would be suitable.
The device is mounted into the water supply pipeline in frbnt of the
feed-water reservoir. Power is supplied to the device from a 220-volt
alternating current network. The current is passed through a transformer
and selenium rectifiers. The maximum output of the device is 15 cubic
meters of treated water per hour.
Laboratory testing of the process of treating water by exposure to
a magnetic field was begun in 1957. An experimental unit of the type
described was connected to a DYV-6.5-13 boiler. After a month's oper-
ation, no solid scale was found on the internal surfaces of the heated
parts of the boiler.
To acquire certainty in regard to the efficiency of the new method,
operations with the device were conducted for 3 months. There still was
no hard scale on the walls of the drums or tubes of the boiler. The
collectors contained a thin (up to 3 mm thick) layer of soft precipitate
which could be removed easily. A commission consisting of representatives
of the State Scientific-Technical Committee of the Kazakh SSR, the boiler
inspection authority, and plant officials approved the new method of water
purification, recommending its introduction.
Preliminary calculations show that the electromagnetic method of
water treatment is very effective. Its application makes it possible to
achieve an economy of 150,000-200,000 rubles per year at boiler instal-
lations of small capacity. Electromagnetic equipment of this type can
be constructed at any enterprise without outside help, The cost of a
unit does not exceed 3,000-3,500 rubles. No service personnel is required
for operation of the equipment.
Isotopes
9. Enrichment of c13 and 018 by the Distillation of Carbon Monoxide
"Separation of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes by the Distillation
of Carbon Monoxide in a 12-Meter High Column," by M. D. Tik-
homirov and N. X. Tunitskiy; Moscow, Zhurnal Prikladnoy Khimii,
Vol 32, No 3, Mar 59, pp 531-536
The design and operation of a packed column for the distillation of
carbon monoxide qre described. By using this column, a coefficient of
separation of C13 amounting to 67.8, and a coefficient of separation of
01 amounting to 23.6, were obtained.
-6 -
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The degrees of separation corresponding to these coefficients did not
represent the maximum enrichment that can be obtained with this column.
By operating the column no less than 82 grams of CO with a C13 content of
30-37% and an 018 content of 3.5-4.2% were obtained, as well as a consid-
erable quantity of CO with a C13 content of 10-20%.
It is pointed out that, at present, a considerable demand exists for
C13 to be used in investigations on the mechanism of the association of
molecules, research on reaction mechanisms, investigation of optical
spectra and of spectra in the radio frequency range, etc.
10. Separation of Isotopes by Diffusion in a Current of Vapor
"Separation of Heavy Isotopes of Carbon, Sulfur, Crypton, and
Neon by Diffusion in a Current of Vapor," by I. G. Gverdtsiteli
and V. K. Tskhakaya; Moscow, Atomnaya Liergiya, Vol 6, No 3,
Max 59, pp 323-330
An investigation was conducted on the separation of isotopes by dif-
.eusion in a current of vapor passed through a cascade consisting of 80
glass separation pumps. The diaphragm was a steel cylinder 50 mm high
with a diameter of 60 mm. The thickness of the diaphragm was 0.3 mm.
The number of orifices, which had a diameter of 0.4 mm, was 500. The
total length of the cascade was approximately 6 meters. Mercury was
used as the working liquid. The degrees of separation obtained in the
separation of isotopes in the systems
s34 02 - S32 02; S36 02 - S32 02; C13 H4 - C12 H4; Kr 86 - Kr84; and
Ne22 - Ne20
are indicated.
Nuclear Fuels and Reactor Constru;tion Materials
11. Uranium and Uranium Alloys
"Uranium and Its Alloys," by G. Ya. Sergeyev and V. V. Titova;
Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No 3, Mar 59, pp 253-260
On the basis of reports given at the Second International Conference
on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (Geneva, 1958) the results of inves-
tigations on the physico-mechanical properties of uranium and of its
alloys are reviewed briefly. The effects of irradiation on uranium are
discussed, specifically the phenomenon of gas swelling. Some examples of
oC -phase and >!-phase alloys of uranium are mentioned, including
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alloys of the fissium type. The temperature limits within which solid fuels
based on uranium can be used are given and commented upon. In conclusion,
some information is given on the technique of 'metal lographic investigation
of irradiated and nonirradiated uranium.
12. Reactor Fuel Elements
"Fuel Elements of Nuclear Reactors," by A. G. Samoylov and V. S.
Volkov; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No 3; Mar 59, pp 261-
276
On the basis of non-USSR reports presented at the Second International
Conference on Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy (Geneva, 1958) the designs
of fuel elements are discussed and the principal data concerning these
elements are given for individual reactors. These data are arranged in
the form of a table giving detailed information on 43 reactors. Problems
in regard to the selection of the fuel and of reactor construction mate-
rials and also technological procedures for the production of fuel ele-
ments of different types are subjected to a critical review.
13. Purification of Inert Gases Used to Protect and Sodium Potas-
sium Alloys From Oxidation
"An Installation for Removing Completely Traces of Oxygen and
Water Vapor From Inert Gases," by N. S. Grachev. and P. L. Kiril-
lov; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No 3, Mar 59, pp 327-329
An installation is described for the chemical purification of inert
gases from traces of oxygen and water vapor when the inert gases are
used to protect sodium and sodium-potassium alloys from oxidation.
Organic Chemistry
14. New Organophosphorus Research
"Acid Halide Esters of Phosphonocarboxylic Acids, II, C-Alkyl
Acid Dichloride Esters of Phosphonocarboxylic Acids," by K. A.
Petrov, F. L. Maklyayev and M. A. Korshunov; Moscow, Zhurnal
Obshchey Khimii, No 2, Feb 59, pp 585-588
The action of an excess of phosphorus pentachloride on triethyl esters
of phosphonoacetic and phosphonopropionic acids upon heating leads to the
formation of C-ethyl acid dichloride esters of these acids.
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C-ethyl acid dichloride esters of phosphonodichloroacetic acid,
whose phosphorus-carbon 'bond can be cleaved by hydrogen fluoride or
potassium bifluoride, can be synthesized by chlorinating a mixture of
the phosphonoacetic ester and phosphorus trichloride. '
The reactions are given as follows:
HO ~,O CL\ 40
RO'~; - (CH2 )n - C OR 2PCL -31. Cl' ~b (CH2 )n C\OR+ 2POCI + 2RCL
c2H50 P - CH2 - C~c + 2 PC13 + 4 cL2 --*
C2H50`b OC2H5
CL #0
--~- 'P - CCL2 - C + 2 POCL3 + 2C2H5CL+ 2HCL
CL' `b \ OC2H5.
CLPCCZ2 - C\O + 2HF .2H L F P - CCI2 - C\O --~
CL' p OC2H5 F b OC2H5
0
CHCT,2 - C\ + POF3
.OC2H5
0
CHCI,2 - C\ -f` POC:F2
OC2,15
"The Synthesis of Acid Esters of Dialkylaminoalkylphosphonic
Acids," by K. A. Petrov, F. - L. Malilyayev and N. K. Bliznyuk;
Moscow, Zhurnal Obshchey Khimii,-No 2, Feb 59, PP 588-591
The acid chlorides and acids fluorides of certain dialkyl esters of
dialkylaminomethylphosphonic acids were synthesized and their properties
studied.
A method was developed for synthesizing monoalkyl esters of
dialkylaminomethylphosphonic acid by the thermal decomposition of the
corresponding acid chlorides.
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"The Synthesis of Aminodiphosphonates and Aminotriphosphonates,"
by K. A. Petrov, F. L. Maklyayev and N. K. Bliznyuk; Moscow;
Zhu .-iial Obshchey IChimii, No 2, Feb 59, X) 591-591l.
Esters of aminodi.- and tri-(methylphosplionic) acids, eight compounds
in all, were synthesized by reacting dialkylphosphites with formaldehyde
and primary amines or ammonia. Free acids were obtained by the hydrolysis
of the esters.
15. New Organophosphorus Antioxidation Additives for Mineral Oil
"The Effect of the Thio-compounds of Unsaturated Phosphinic Acids
On the Antioxidation Properties of Mineral Oil," by K. K. Papok,
K. N. Anisimov, B. S. Zuseva and N. Ye. Kolobova; Leningrad,
Zhurnal Prikladnoy Khimii, Vol 32, No 3, Mar 59, pp 656-659
The authors had earlier studied the effect of complete esters,
tetraalkyldiamides and dipiperidides of unsaturated phosphinic acids on
the antioxidation properties of MS-20 oil..
In the course of the work on the effect of the derivatives of unsat-
urated phosphinic acids, research was conducted on the effect of the
dithioethyl esters of unsaturated phosphinic and thiophosphinic acids,
as well as the esters of alkylthiovinylphosphinic acids on the antioxida-
tion properties of MS-20 oil.
Compounds of the following types were synthesized for the purpose of
the experiments:
ROCH = CHPO(SR?2,
RCH = CHPO(((SR 2,
ROCH = CHPS(SR)2,
RSCH = CHPO(OR)2,
where R may be C2H5, C4H.9, CH3-O-CH2CH2, C2H5-O-CH2-CH2, C4H.9-0-CH2-CH2,
C6H5, or C6H13.
The properties of each compound are presented in a table.
As a result of this work on the effect oi' thioesters of unsaturated
phosphinic and thiophosphinic acids as well as complete esters of alkyl-
thiovinylphosphinic acids on the antioxidation properties of mineral oil,
the authors found that the thioesters of beta-alkoxy-(phenoxy)vinylphos-
phinic acids appear to be effective antioxidants; of these, the dithio-
ethyl ester of beta-ethoxyethoxyvinylphosphinic acid is the best anti-
oxidant.
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The introduction of sulfur Into esters of unsaturated phosphinic acids
sharply increases the antioxidation properties of the compounds.
The esters of alkylthiovinylphosphinic acids do not bring about an
increase in the thermo-oxidation stability nor decrease the formation of
resin.
16. New Hypotensive Agents Being Investigated
"Piperidine Derivatives as Possible Hypotensive Agents," by
Ye. S. Nikitskaya, B. S. Usovskyay and M. V. Rubtsov, All-
Union Scientific Research Chemical-Pharmaceutical Institute
imeni S. Ordzhonikidze; Leningrad, Zhurnal Obshchey Khimii,
Vol 29, No 2, Feb 59,-pp 472-6
The article describes the synthesis and characteristics of several
N-substitute derivatives of 2,6-d.imethyl piperidine and of the ethyl eater
of 6-methylpipecolinic acid (12 compounds in all).
The purpose of this investigation was to study the pharmacological
activity, namely ganglio-blocking activity, of these compounds. This
activity had previously been noted in work on secondary and tertiary
amines of the quinuclidine and piperidine seriesas reported by the
same scientists in an earlier publication Zhutnal Obshchey Khimii, Vol 26,
p 130, 1956.
No physiological data are given in the present report.
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Physical Chemistry
17. The Work of A. A. Zhukhovitskiy in the Fields of Surface Phenomena,
Chromathermography, Nuclear Chemistry, etc.
"A. A. Zhukhovitskiy (On the Occasion of his 50th Birthday),"
by K. A. Gol'bert and K. S. Ponomareva; Moscow, Zhurnal Fizich-
CPYRGHT eskoy Khimii, Vol 33, No 3, Mar 59, pp 738-739
"Prof A. A. Zhukhovitskiy's 50th birthday was observed in'September 1958.
On the occasion of his birthday, the 28th anniversary of his scientific
activity and activity as an instructor was also celebrated.
"After completing a course of study at the Chemical Faculty of the
Don Polytechnic Institute in 1930, Zhukhovitskiy received an aspirantship
at the Physico-Chemical Institute imeni L. Ya. Karpov, which he completed
in 1932.
"During 1932-1948 Zhukhovitskiy worked at the Physic:-Chemical Insti-
tute, occupying a number of positions there. In 1948, he was transferred
to the Moscow Steel Institute, where he is still actives being in charge
of the Chair of Physical Chemistry.
"Zhukhovitskiy is the author of more than 80 scientific publications.
Many of them laid the basis for new lines of research and initiated ex-
tended investigations both by USSR and non-USSR physical chemists.
"Zhukhovitskiy's research was carried out principally in three fields
of physical chemistry: that of surface phenomena, that of the structure
of matter and quantum chemistry, and that of the thermodynamics and veloci-
ties of processes occurring in actual solutions.
"Zhukhovitskiy has worked for a number of years on the formulation of
a theory of actual surface solutions. By considering the conditions of
equilibrium :between a surface solution and the volume phase from the stand-
point of the theory of activity, he derived a general theory of surface
tension and of a6,3orption from solutions. Specifically, he formulated
relationships which make it possible to calculate the surface tension of
solutions from the surface tension of components and the activities of
these components in three-dimensional solutions. SubsequeUtly, the cor-
rectness of the expressions formulated by him was confirmed completely in
great number of investigations dealing with aqueous and non-aqueous solu-
tions and also with alloys and/or melts. The formulas given by Zhukhovitskiy
were included in many monographs and textbooks.
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"In the solution of the problem of the dynamics of sorption, which is
Important from the practical standpoint, Zhukhovitskiy applied for the
first time in work in this field methods based on the theory of mass transfer.
Together with his co-workers (Ya. Zabezhinskiy and others) he carried out
an exhaustive analysis of the case arising when external diffusion is the
determining stage. On the basis of the concepts which were derived, he,
together with Tikhmov, gave a complete mathematical solution to the prob-
lem. After the expiration of several years, analogous investigations were
carried out outside of the USSR by Klotz, Hinsheiwood and others.
"Zhukhovitskiy's work on the theory and practical applications of
chromatography is closely related to his work on the dynamics of sorption.
On the basis of an analysis of the role played by the temperature in chro-
matography, Zhukhovitskiy and his co-workers developed ,iew'variationa of the
method of chromatographic analysis. The investigations in. questibnl?.culminated
in the design of chromatographic devices and the practical application cP these devices.
"Work by Zhukhovitskiy and A. Kh. Breger on the surface"condensation"
of different characteristics made it possible to calculate the surface ten-
sion of metals and predict the dependence of the heat capacity at low tem-
peratures on the magnitude of the specific surface.
"Zhukhovitskiy began quantum-chemical research already under the
direction of Heitler. In work published by Zhukhovitskiy, jointly with
Heitler, calculations were carried out on complex organic molecules and a
semi-classical method for the determination of bond energies was developed.
"Among other quantum-chemical papers by Zhukhovitskiy one may note a
report in which a new formulation is given to Pauli's principle. This
formulation makes it possible to reduce the problem of multiple-electron
motion to that of the motion of a single electron.
"The difference between the energies of the initial and transitional
states of adsorption at' an ionic lattice was calculated in one of Zhukho-
vitskiy's investigations on the quantum theory of catalysis.- Consideration
of this problem as applied to the simplest possible system was of basic
importance for the theory of catalysis.
"Throughout his scientific activity, Zhukhovitskiy concentrated on the
solution of the' most urgent problems of physical chemistry. It is under-
standable that the development of nuclear-physics and nuclear technology
induced him to conduct a number of investigations, the aim of which was
advancement of related fields of physical chemistry.
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"Utilizing the properties of radioactive tracers, Zhukhovitskiy and
his coworkers developed a number of ingenious methods for the determination
of thermodynamic and diffusion characteristics of solid and liquid alloys.
Among them the methods of the thin and thick layer for the determination of
coefficients of diffusion and self-diffusion are simple and precise.
"The replica method is rapid and shortens the time required for the
determination of diffusion coefficients by hundreds of times.
"A non-isothermic method on which a report was published recently makes
it possible to determine the temperature dependence of the coefficient of
diffusion in a single experiment.
"The diffusion and exchange methods, which have been applied in a
number of investigations for the determination of partial pressures of
vapors and of heats of the formation of solid solutions, expanded the
field in which radioactive ;;racers are applied. The methods that have been
developed made it possible to accumulate extensive experimental data and
to approach the making of theoretical generalizations concerning a number
of important problems of the theory of actual solutions.
"It was established that the effect of composition on the velocity of
diffusion is in 'many cases determined not by the thermodynamic properties
of the alloy, but by the specific characteristics of the transition stage.
By applying an analogy with electrical conductivity, a quantitative descrip-
tion of diffusion in inhomogeneous media could be given.
"Of great theoretical and practical importance is work published re-
cently by Zhukhovitskiy and his co-workers on the mechanism of reactive
diffusion. The theory which has been formulated on the basis of the work
in question applies to many phenomena associated with phase transformations.
"Measurements of the thermodynamic activity of sulfur irb liquid iron
made it possible to formulate a theory of the solution of non-metals in
metals. Instead of the simplified concept of an interstitial solution,
the problem was treated by applying the concept of a combined interstitial
and substitution solution, with the result that an interpretation corm-.
spondlng more closely to the liquid state was given.
"Zhukhovitskiy combined successfully his extensive activity in scien-
tific research with his activity as an instructor. He is a brilliant lec-
turer who is very popular with his students. Zhukhovitskiy devotes a lot
of time to the development of methods. He always seeks forms of expression
which are unconventional, very precise, and which convey the meaning in an
easily understood manner. He made many original conclusions and developed
a number of methods of exposition which have now been introduced into text-
books and are used by man lecturers. His lectures on physical chemistry
always correspond to the contemporary state of this science.
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"Being a many-sided scientist who works creatively in different fields
,)I' physical chemistry, Zhukhovitskiy maintains constant contacts with many'
;_cientif is institutions, collaborating with a great number of his students
Who are active at these institutions."
Radiation Chemistry
18. Nuclear Energy Research in Kazakhstan
"News Items USSR" (unsigned report); Moscow, Atomnaya
Energiya, Vol 6, No 4, Apr 59, p 496
The Institute of Nuclear Physics, Academy of Sciences, Kazakh SSR,
is being built in the vicinity of Alma-Ata.
At this institute a nuclear reactor will be constructed that is to
be used for the investigation of experimental loops, work on the interaction
of neutrons with matter, research on neutronography and changes in the struc-
ture of mattet ? under the action of neutrons, the production if isotopes of
different chemical elements exhibiting different activities, and research
on problems of nuclear power generation.
In addition to the reactor, a cyclotron will be constructed at the
institute and a radiochemical laboratory will be equipped. The cyclotron
will be used for the investigation of nuclear reactions and also for the
production of some isotopes needed in the national economy and in connection
with work done at specialized branch scientific research institutes.
It is intended to establish laboratories at the institute in which
methods will be developed for the application of penetrating radiation and
isotopes in geology, mining and smelting, metallurgy, chemistry, agriculture,
biology, and medicine. Equipment for the purposes indicated will be de-
veloped in the laboratories. A special scientific sector of applied physics'
is foreseen which will include a building for the laboratories mentioned and
another building for the radiochemical laboratory.
A scientific sector for the investigation of the structure of matter
is being organized. This sector will comprise laboratories for work on
nuclear reactions, cosmic rays, radiation emitted by radioactive substances,
and computer techniques, as well -as a division of theoretical physics.
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The scientific sector of technical physics will consist of the labo:o
:stories of the former Phys ico -Technical Institute (the laboratories of
metal physics, spectral analysis, and electronics and automatics) and
also new laboratories to be opened in which work will be done on semi-
conductors, X-ray methods of testing, and experimental devices. Further-
more, mechanical workshops, a designing bureau, and a cryogenic unit for
research in the field of low temperatures are being organized at the insti-
tute.
Radiochemistry
19. A Conference on the Application of Radioactive Isotopes in Automotive
Vehicle Testing
A Scientific-Technical Conference on the Application of Radio-
active Isotopes and of Radiation in Automobile and Tractor
Technology," by A. I. Nisnevch and D. I. Vysotskiy; Moscow,
Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No 3, Mar 59, pp 341-343
A Conference on the Application of Radioactive Isotopes and of Radi-
ation in Automobile and Tractor Technology was held at Moscow on Ploy 3215,1958.
The conference was called at the initiative of the Scientific Research Auto-
mobile and Automotive Engine Institute (NAMI), the Scientific Research Tractor
Institute (NATI), the Academy of Sciences USSR, and the Scientific Research
Society of the Machine Building Industry.
Twenty-three reports were given at the conference. The majority of
these reports dealt with the application of radioactive isotopes in the
investigation of the wear of parts of automotive engines. Papers were
presented on various aspects of the investigation of lubricants and lubri-
cation;. the effect of fuels on wear, the characteristics and quality of
construction materials, and the radiomc,;ric determination of the amount of
dust contained in the air, as well as the estimation of other conditions
which affect the operation of automobiles on the road. Applications of
scintillation counters for measuring radioactivity were described in several
papers.
20. Preparation of Artificial Radioactive Isotopes in China
"Brief News Items -- Chinese People's Republic" (unsigned item);
Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No 3, Mar 59, p 356
With the use of the first Chinese nuclear research reactor, which has
been constructed with the aid of the Soviet Union and recently started,
more than 30 kinds. of adioactive isotopes were produced in 1958. Among
these isotopes were Co 0, Na21+, p32, and Cad+5.
[For additional information on radiochemistry see Item No 18.1
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Miacellaneous
21. New Plastics Institute Established J.r, Ukruinc
"Scientific Ccnter of Chemical Industry in the Donbass" (un-
signed article); Moscow, Promyshle-,,no-Nkonomicheskaya Gazeta,
21i. Apr' 59
According to the Seven-Year Plan, new shops and enterprises, which
will produce special resins to be used in the production of plastics and
materials for developing synthetic fibers, are being established in the
Donbass area. In order to work out the problem of chemical development,
there has been established a Ukrainian Scientific Research of Plastics
(Ukrainskiy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Plasticheskikh Mass) in
Stalino. A branch of the A11-Union Scientific Research Institute of Chem-
ical Reagents (Vsesoyuznyy Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institut Khimicheskikh
Reaktivov) was also established in Stalino.
22. Ukrainian Chemical Research Outlined
"Resolutions of the Joint Meeting of the Department of Chemical
and Geological Sciences and the Department of Biological Sci-
ences and the Department of Biological Sciences Held on
17 October 1958 Dedicated to the Dei~F-lopment of the Chemistry
of Naturally Occurring and Biologically Active Compounds"
(unsigned article); Kiev, Ukrainskiy Khimicheskiy Zhurnal,
Vol 25, No 1, 1959, pp 141-717-2
A joint meeting of the two departments, which was dedicated to naturally
occurring and biologically active compounds, noted that research in this
field is one of the most essential in, modern organic chemistry.
The explanation of the chemical structure and properties of proteins,
nucleic acids, carbohydrates, hormones, and other naturally occurring sub-
stances will provide the path to a materialistic knowledge of living nature.
The practical importance of research on the chemistry of naturally occurring
and biologically active compounds is evident from the fact that the develop-
ment of synthetic and natural physiologically active substances is related
to this field. Among these can be included antituberculous, anl;icancev and
antiradiation substances, antibiotics, vitamins, and plant and animal
growth stimulants.
The basis for the broad development of scientific research in all these
areas comes immediately from the decisions of the May Plenum of the Central
Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and from N. S. Khrush-
chev's report to the 21st Communist Party Congress.
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Nevertheless, this most important section of i);.'';cZric ch(~Ini.:it'ry has
not been advanced to the extent raquired and is a shorl!ly 1O, -l penia
developing due to the effect of beta, r?adiation."
107 Glu:sose Tolerance Curve in IxTadiated Animals
"Con Morning the Problem of the Reactivity of t7^gr .isms After
Total X,-Ray -Irradiation (Data, Fs?oni a Study of Carbohydrate
Metabolism)by S. A. Akcrpyam any. T. G. Arutyunyan, Vopr.
Rentgenol. i 'hAol. t;t',Mah:S,ems of Rcen.tgenc-i'Lo r aid Cn.7 ogy),
'Vol ?_, Yer?svaxl 1.957, 201?-209 t(f:.,'om F.efea?atiirr.?,,yyr Zhu -.rba.1 -
CPYRGHTIedmiya. Bio1o cheskaya Ithimiya, Nor 1, 10 Jan 59, p 72, Abstr.'a,A
No 597)
"The administration of ansulin in small amounts 0.5 unit/kg body
?weight) to rabbits caused a s,.aaxp decrease in the blood sugar level rluring
the entire experimental period.. I?urthexma:r. e, the inty?odu,;:tion of insulin
in :reasc:l the Susreptibiyai' dana.is to .:i^:ra-l.ia.ti:; and'. _n ..sh o.-r'
ty of a,r t:eraet-2 life span. The administration of aid, not ir!,!rease the eser. itivity
of animals to irradiation. The administration of a xe.ualin. to irradiated..
animals (small doses) increased their blood sugar level. The administra-
tion of large doses of adrenalin caused scone decrease in blood sugar level
initially (for thc: first 15 minutes 9Itez? its injection) but then. blood
sugar :Level. rose. The s?.z:;?,s:utaneous itje;;ti.on of a. 40 % .sai,~tion Gf
.. g' e
at ,rate cf 3 mg/kg lxvi2. Several examples of applications are given.
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Nuclear Physics
125. (Gamma-p) Reaction Yield
"A Study of (Gamma-p) Reaction Yield on Different Cadmium
Isotopes," Ko Chi-ti and B. S. Ratner, Physics Institute
imeni Lebedev, Academy of Sciences USSR;, Moscow, Dokladyy
Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 125, No 4, Apr 59, pp 761-764
The study of the relation of the yield of the (lp) reaction to the
maximum energy of the incident gamma rays in the spectrum of bremsstrahlung
was carried out on several Cd isotopes 112, 113, 114, and 116 on the FLAN
30-Mev synchrotron. The results were plotted in grephs for various E t- x
. ma
A great difference was noticed in the yield of (~`, p) reaction one
various Cd isotopes depending on th,:! value of E Y' max. particularly at
low values of E Y max At E rmsx =16 Mev the (~",p)' HactLon yields forl;d isotopes
112, 113, 114, 116 are respectively 6 : 1.8 : 1.0 : 0.25.
126. Fission Cross Sections of U-233 and U-235
"The Fission Cross Section of U-233 and U-235 for Neutrons
of Energy Between 3 and 800 kev," by G. V. Gorlov, B. M.
Gokhberg, V. M. Morozov, G. A. Otroshchenko, and V. A.
Shigin;, Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No 4, Apr 59,
pp 453-)457.
The effective cross sections of U-233 and U-235 induced by neutrons
of energies from a few kev to about 1 Mev were measured. The neutrons
were produced on an electrostatic generator from the T(p,n)He3 reaction.
In measuring the neutron energy from 3.4 to 780 kev the fission cross
sections decrease from 7.5 to 1.9 barn for U-233 from 4.8 to 1.05 barns
for U-235-
127- Variation of Neutron Spectra
"Neutron Spectra Forming During Passing of 14 Mev Neutrons
Through Thick Layers of Iron, Lead, and Uranium," by Yu. S.
Zamayat_n, N. I. Ivanova, and I. N. Safina; Moscow, Atomnaya
Energiya, 'Vol 6, No 4, Apr 59, pp 466-463
The variation of 14 Mev neutron spectra after passing thick layers
of iron, lead, or uranium was studied. The variations are due to inelastic
collisions of secondary neutrons with matter. The comparison of the obtained
results with previously tabulated data by the author et al. (Ibid, Vol 3,
540 (1957); Vol 6, 33T (1958) indicated that, due to inelastic secondary
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neutron collisions, evaporation of neutrons from less excited nuclei
occurs and the spectrum is enhanced with low energy neutrons. The
effective temperature usually expressed as log N(E)/E appears to be
different for various sections of the spectrum.
128. Radioactive Analysis for Impurities
"Radioactive Analysis by the Use of 14 Mev Neutrons,'.' by
A. A. Lbov and I. I. Naumova; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya,
Vol 6, No 4, Apr 59, pp 468-470
14-Mev-neutron induced reactions were used for detecting impurities
of materials where other means failed. Beta radiation from N-16, obtained
from the reaction 016(n,p)N16, induced by 14 Mev neutrons, revealed small
oxygen impurities. The short half life of N?-16, equal to 7.3 sec prevents
radiochemical yield of nitrogen, while the high beta energy (up to 10 Mev)
secures the evaluation of the activity of the irradiated object.
129. Particle Acceleration by Plasma
"Particle Acceleration in a Plasma," by Ya. B. Faynberg;
Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No it, Apr 59, pp 431-446
Physical principles underlying a new method of linear particle accelera-
tion in which plasma wave guides play the role of the accelerating system
are described, as well as the use of noncompensated elecronic and ionic
beams. The propagation of electromagnetic waves in the case of a narrow
plasma wave guide is analyzed in a nonlinear approximation. 'The particle
acceleration by means of nonlinerar longitudinal waves in plasma and the
excitation of such waves is studied. The problem of adiabatic invariants
for wave motion in plasma in connection with acceleration is analyzed.
Brief results are mentioned, dealing with.amplification methods of high-
frequency electromagnetic fields., based on the. application of reflection
of electromagnetic fields, using the reflection of electromagnetic waves
from the moving plasma.
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130. Slow Waves in Plasma
"A Nonlinear Theory of Slow Waves in a Plasma," Ya. B.
Faynberg; Moscow, Atomnaya Energiya, Vol 6, No It, Apr 59,
pp 447-452
The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a narrow plasma wave
guide is analyzed in a nonlinear approximation. The relation of phase
velocity to amplitude was determined. The frequency multiplication was
studied. The amplitude of the second harmonic has been found. Because
of nonlinear effects a new possibility was revealed of varying the phase
velocity of the wave by means of varying the amplitude and of securing the
radial and phase stability in accelerators and also of some modification
of amplification methods and of generation of microwaves.
131. Saturation of Nuclear Forces
"On the Theory of the Saturation of Nuclear Forces," by
W. Brunner, Institute of Nuclear Physics, German Academy
of Sciences in Berlin, Zuetherl; Leipzig, Annalen der
Physik, Vol 3, No 3/4 1959, pp 137-154
A relatively simple nuclear model is used to calculate the binding
energy of nuclei. First, the nucleons are described-as a noninteracting
Fermi gas. The corresponding kinetic energy is given in accordance with
an interpolation formula given by London, with an additional component
caused by the hard cores of the nucleons also taken into account. The
potential energy is then computed by combining the totality .of the
nucleons with their meson fields into a system of coupled fields, the
source-(nucleon-) field and the meson field. Whereas the theory is
presented in general form, a Ritz apprcximation is used for the numerical
treatment of the equations. With a rational value for the nuclear radius,
a binding energy of about 7 mev pi.r nucleon is obtained.
The results indicate that, on the one hand, a stabilization of the
nuclear material at normal densities is possible only through the inter-
action of kinetic energy and mesic (two-particle) energy, and that, on
the other hand, a description of the totality of the,nucleons by means
of a system of coupled fields is logical, if shell properties are neglected.
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Solid State
132. Molecular Rotation in Smectic Phases
"Nuclear Resonance Studies On Crystalline Liquids: On the
Question of Molecular Rotation in Smectic Phases," by K. H.
Weber, VEB Vakutronik, Dresden; Leipzig, Annalen der Physik,
Vol 3, No 3/4, 1959, PP 125-136
The nuclear resonance experiments conducted on the crystalline-liquid
? phases of azoxyphenol-di-p-n-alkylether and azoxybenzoic acid-di-p'-ethyl
ester can be explained quantitatively, if it is assumed that the intermole-
cular nuclear magnetic dipole interactions between the protons in resonance
are small in comparison with the corresponding intramolecular components.
An approximation of the intermolecular contributions to the average second
moment shows that this assumption is valid only if the molecules of these
compounds, in both the nematic and the smectic phases, are able to rotate
freely, or with only slight hindrance, around their longitudinal axes.
133. Hall Effect in Nickel Ferrites
"Hall Effect Measurements in Magnetite and a Nickel Ferrite
With an Excess of Iron," by W. Mann, Physics Institute, Karl
Marx University, Leipzig; Leipzig, Annalen der Physik, Vol 3,
No 3/4, 1959, pp 122-124
Hall effect measurements were made at room temperature on polycrystal-
line ferrites with relatively low specific resistance. A simple DC method
was used, in which the Hall potential was determined by means of compensa-
tion. The results of measurements obtained on plate specimens magnetized
extraordinary the wThe used lect ordinary mobility of
'Fe3O4'is in satisfactory agreement with data given by Lavine (Bull.
Amer. Soc. Japan. (2) 1, 1956, p 23).
No measurement results for nickel ferrites of the examined composition
are known from the literature.
[For additional information on solid state physics, see Section II,
Electronics, Materials.]
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Spectroscopy
134. Joint Commission on Spectroscopy
Leningrad, Optika i Spektroskopiya, Vol 6, No 4, Apr 59
The April 1959 issue of Optika i Spektroskopiya (Vol 6, No 4) presents
a report on the Conference of the International Joint Commission on
Spectroscopy held in Moscow 12-15 August 1958.
Besides a discussion of current problems of organization, a number
of scientific reports was presented, including those of the American
scientists G. Herzberg, Dr W. F. Meggers, Dr Charlotte Sitterli-Moore,
and Prof R. S. Mulliken (all translated into Russian). B. Edlen sent
a report on fundamental spectral standards which had already been read
at the meeting of Commission 14 at the International Astronomical Con-
gress. It describes the decision taken at the International Committee
on Weights and Measures of acceflting a new fundamental spectral standard,
the line 6056 Kr-86, instead of the red cadmium line. This report will
be published in the Transactions of the International Astronomical
Congress.
The following reports and short communications by Soviet scientists
at the Joint Commission Conference are published in this issue:
Reports:
L. A. Vaynshteyn and I. I. Sobel'man: "Nonstationary Theory of Stark's
Broadening of Spectral Lines in the Plasma"
I. V. Orlova and I. N. Godnev: On the Connection Between the Larnaudie
Method and the Elyashevich-Stepanov Method of Zero Approximations
V. G. Veselago: Determination of the Structure and Dipole Moment
of the H17Se Molecule From Its Microwave Spectrum
V. I. Dianov-Klokov: On the Origin of the Spectrum of Liquid and
Compressed Oxygen (12,600-3000 A)
G. A. Khachkuruzov: Vibrational Constants of the Water Molecule
G. S. Denisov: On the Measurement of the Intensity of Strong Absorp-
tion Bands in the Infrared Spectra of Liquids
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M. S. Kozyreva: Application of Infrared Spectroscopy to the Investiga-
tion of Polymerization of Polyisobutylene
L. A. Lyzina and A. T. Vartanyan: Influence of Water Vapors on the
Absorptipn Spectra of Sublimated Layers of Dyes
Yu. V. Naboykin, B. A. Zadorozhnyy, and Ye. N. Pavlova: Some Peculiar-
ities of the Luminescence of Ortho-Disubstituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons. II
A. S. Cherkasov: On the Influence of Substituting Groups on the
Position Absorption and Luminescence Spectra of Anthracene Derivatives
A. S. Cherkasov and T. M. Vember: On the Influence of Oxygen on
Photochemical Transformations and Concentration Quenching of Certain
Anthracene Derivatives
Z. A. Trapeznikova: On the Interaction of "Blue" and "Samarium".
Centers in the Phosphor ZnS-Sm(Cl)
I. V. Obreimov and Ye. F. Yamshchikov: Dispersion Curves of Chloro-
form and Carbon Tetrachloride in a Wide Temperature Range
V. S. Sukhorukikh: Fresnel Diffractt_on From a Narrow Screen, a Slit,
and a Semiplane for a Nonspherical Wave
I. N. Shklyarevskiy, A. A. Avdeyenko, and V. G.'Padalka: Measurement
of' the Optical Constants of Antimony in the Infrared Spectral Region at
2900 and 1100 K
P. G. Kard: On the Influence of Thin Films on the Total Reflection
B. V. Bokut and F. I. Fedorov: On the Theory of the Optical Activity
of Crystals. III
B. P. Kozyrev and 0. Ye. Vershinin: Determination of Spectral
Coefficients of Diffuse Reflection of Infrared Radiation From Blackened
Surfaces
V. I. Malyshev and S. G. Rautian: Use of Echelettes at Large Angles
of Diffraction
A. 0. Sall': On the Sensitivity Threshold of Optico-Acoustic Receivers
of Radiation
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Short Communications:
V. K. Ablekov: On the Treatment of Spectrograms Obtained with a
Fabry-pe!rot Interferometer
1. Ya. Chernyak, N. N. Bubnov, L. S. Plyak, Yu- D. Tsvetkov, and
V. V. Voyevodskiy: On Cetain Regularities in Spectra of Electronic Para-
magnetic Resonance of Alkyl Radicals
N. N. Bubnov, V. V. Voyevodskiy, L. S. Polyak, and Yu. D. Tsvetkov:
On Spectra of Electronic Paramagetic Resonance of Hydrogen Atoms Stabilized
on Solid: Surfaces
Ya. S. Bobovich and T. P. Tulub: Temperature Dependence of the
Intensity'of Stokes Bands of Combination Scattering in the,Spectra of
Certain Solids
Ye. F. Gross, B. V. Novikov, B. S. Razbirin, and L. G. Suslina:
Absorption Spectra of Crystals of Some Gallium Chalcogenides
Theoretical and Experimental. Physics
135. New Contraction Phenomenon Yields High Temperatures
"Theory of the Electrical Discharge in a Moving Conducting
Medium," by V. N. Zhigulev, Central Aerohydrodynamics
Institute imeni N. Ye. Zhukovskiy; Moscow, Doklady
Akademii Nauk SSSR, Vol 124, No 6, 21 Feb 59, pp 1226-1228
A "new contraction phenomenon" of electrical discharges i.,i a moving
conducting medium is analyzed. It is noted that this phenomenon can be
used to obtain high temperatures. A theory of the phenomenon is developed
and an expression for the temperature is derived.
136. Transport Process in Secondary Electron Emission
"On the Theory. of the Secondary Electron Emission of Metals.
The Transport Process," by H. Stolz, Institute of Theoretical
Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin; Leipzig, AnnalBn der
Physik, Vol 3, No 3/4, 1959, PP 197-211
With the aid of the Boltzmann transport equation', the distribu-
tion function of internal secondary electrons in metals is computed
for a given excitation function. From this distribution function, the
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angular distribution of energy of the external secondary electrons is
obtained, which leads directly to the additional characteristic functions
for the secondary electron emission. These functions are determined for
a special model and compared with empirical values.
The theory of secondary electron emission formulated here and in the
preceding article of this issue (H. W. Streitwolf, Annalen der Physik, Vol 3,
1959, pp 183-196) fails with respect to the establishment. of the angular
distri~hi.tion [of excitation] and the angular distribution of energy. In
general, the energy spectrum and yield are in agreement with empirical
values. It is shown that the H +0 processes (exchange of momentum with
the lattice) are not without significance for the phenomenon. On the
other hand, it can be expected that the surface has no decisive influence
on the distribution of the internal S; thus the factors responsible for
the essentially observed cosine law of the energy distribution angle must
still be explained. Such an explanation would require more exact knowledge
of the angular distribution of energy and of - the excited H 4 0 electrons
and of the influence which the ultimate condition of the primary electrohs
has on the excitation function. To this end, the theory of excitation
and transport for the area of small-primary energies would have to be
refined.
137. New Equation in Relativistic Electrodynamics
"The Material Equations in Arbitrary Media," by M. Tischler,
DAMG Physical Technical Central Tnstitute,'Berlin, and S.
Hess, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Rostock University;
Leipzig, Annalen der Physik, Vol 3, No 3/4, 1959, pp 113-121
The t!~,~,-ee material equations. of thy: relativistic electrodynamics are
formulated in a homogeneous form in completely arbitrary media. From the
calculatim it then follows that, along with the known material equation;
for D and H and Ohm's law, a new equation can be derived for the "magnetic"
portion of the current pro:luced as a result of the mct'ior. of the medium.
'Until now, this equation has not appeared in relativistic electrodynamics.
It is further shown that the current tensor introduced corresponds
to that defined by Schlomka (Annalen der Physik, Vol 8, "X:951, p 246).
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Pavel Feliksovich Zdrodovskiy, Active Member, Academy of Medical
Sciences USSR, and Yelena Mikhaylova Golinevich,, Doctor of Medical Sciences
-- for their scientific work Ucheniye o rikketsiyakh I rikket,siozakh (The
Study of Rickettsia and Rickettsiosis) published in 195-~
6. Ivan Semenovich .Popov, Pr. ofessor., Moscow Agricultural Academy
imeni K. K. Timiryazev --.for his scientific work Kerml..eni se?.-skokhoz-
yaystvennykh zhivot.nykh (The Feeding of Agri cultural.?Animalsl; ninth
edition published in 1955.
7. Mikhail Petrovich Vukalovich Doctor of Technical Sciences;
Vladimir Alekseyevich Kirillin Corresponding Member, Academy of Sciences
USSR; and Aledsandr Yefimovich Sheyndiin,, Doctor of Technical. Sciencesy
professors of the Moscow Powe1. Engineering Institute -- for their
theoretical and experimental study of thermophysical properties of water
and steam under high pressures; published in 1956 and 1958.
The Committee on Lenin Prizes on Science and Engineering under the
Council of Ministers USSR announces the following winners of the 1959
Lenin prizes in. scientific and technical fields and'agriculture.
1,. Aleksandr Andreyevich Dubyanskiy,, Doctor of GeologIcomineralogical
Sciences; Mikhail Ivanovich Ka].ganov, senior scientific associate of the
Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geo-
chemistry, Academy of Scinces USSR; Semen Ivanovich Cha.ykin chief geologist
of the Belgorodskiy Iron Ore Expedition; Mikhail Nikolayevich Dobrokhotov,
chief of the expedition party; Ivan Alekseyevich Rusinovich., senior
geologist of the expedition party; Nikolay Genrikhovich Shmidt.;, chief
engineer of the Kursk Geophysical Expedition; Mikhail Ivanovich.Yakovler,
former geologist of the "Kurskgeologiya" Trust -- for their discovery of
and prospecting for rich iron ore deposits in the Belgorodskiy Rayon,
Kursk Magnetic Anomaly.
2,. Nikolay Filippovich BaDukhovski.yy, senior scientific associate.,
Institute of Geological Sciences, Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR;
Boris Semenovich , Vorob'yev, chief geologist of the Administration of
Gas and Petroleum Industry,, Kbar r kovskiy Scvr_arkhoz : Nikolay Alekseyevich
Gorev, former chief of the "Ukrneft" Union; Vladimir Rcmar..ovic~h Litvi nov,
chief geologist of the "Kharburneft?egas" Trust; Lecntiy Sergeyevich Palets
chief geologist; Mirgorcdskiy Office of Reconnaissance Drilling Samuil
Yevl'yevich Cherpah, chief geologist of the "Uk.rovstokn.ef~:?razvedka
Trust" -- for their discovery of and prospecting in the Shebelinskiy Ga&
Deposits of the Ukrainian SSR,
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3. Fedor Gr.igor'yevich Kirichenko, director, All-Union Selection
and Genetic Institute imeni T. D. Lysenko; Pavel Panteleymonovich Luk'yan-
enko, head of a division, Kr,zsnodarsk Scientific Research Institute of
Agriculture -- for working out methods of selection, and development and
wide use in kolkhoz and sovkhoz production of high-quality varieties of
winter wheat which yield rich flour.
4.- Vasiliy Stepanovich Pustovoyt, head of a division; All-Union
Scientific Reseurch Institute of Vegetable and Volatile Oil Crops -- for
working out methods of selection and seed growing, development, and wide
use of high oil content varieties and annual renewal varieties of sun-
flowers.
5. Nikolay Nikolayevich Kovalev, Corresponding Member, Academy of
Sciences USSR; Viktor Martovich Orgo, deputy chief designer; Yakov
Stepanovich Degtyerev, Abram Yudovich Kolton, and Zel'man Markovich Gamze,
chiefs of divisions of the Design Bureau, Leningrad Metallic Plant -- for
their development of powerful, variable pitch-type propeller hydraulic
turbine for the Volga Hydroelectric Station imeni V. I. Lenin.
6. Yakov Pavlovich Mezivetskiy, Boris L'vovich Ko.robochkin, Ivan
aleksandrovich, Rostovtsev, and Yevgeniy Filippovich Sokolov, designers
of the Moscow Tool Building Plant imeni Sergo Ordzhonikidze; Mikhail
Mikhaylovich, Berman, former chief engineer of the Moscow Tool Building
Plant imeni Sergo Ordzhonikidze-- for their development, series produc-
tion, and introduction into industry of a series of high-duty hydraulic
semiautomatic duplicating-milling machines.
7. Sergey Petrovich Mi.trofanov, Candidate of Technical Sciences --
for developing and broad application of a method for group production
in machine building.
8.. Mikhail Leont'yevich Novikov, -- for developing gear-drives with
a new type of meshing.
9. Stepan Mikhaylovich Adyasov, chief, Moscow District of the "Stal'-
mohtazh" Trust; Moisey Grigor'yevich Bass,, chief engineer, Administration
for the Construction of the Stadium in Luzhnikiy Rayon, Moscow, Aleksandr
Vasil'yevich Vlasov, vice-president, Academy of Construction and Architec-
ture USSR; Georgiy Alekseyevich Golodov, chief, Administration for the
Construction of the Stadium in Luzhnikiy Rayon, Moscow; Lev Vadimovich
Yeshchenko, chief, "Mosstroy No 4" Trust; Vsevolod Nikolayevich Nasonov;
member of the Presidium, Academy of Construction and Architecture USSR;
Vasiliy Petrovich Polikarpcv, head, Sector of Sports Construction, Central
Scientific Research Institute of Physical Culture; Nikolay Malakhiyevich
Reznikov, chief, Division of Capital Construction formerly under the.
Committee for Physical Culture and Sports of the Council of Ministers
USSR; Igor Yevgen'yevich Rozhin, head of Shop Number 14, Institute, "Mos-
proyekt"; Nikolay Nikvlayevich Ullas, chief architect, Institute oaf:' General
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Planning of the Architectural-Design Administration of the City of Moscow;
Aleksandr Fedorovich Khryakov, head, Shop No 15, Institute "Mosproyekt";
Boris Vladimirovich Shchepetov, chief engineer, Shop No 15, Institute
"Mostroyekt"; Ashot Arutyunovich Etmekdzhiyan, former deputy chief of G]amoastroy
-- for completing a major city construction task of an accelerated recon-
struction of the Luzhnikov area in the City of Moscow and the formation
of a complex sports structure of the Central Stadium imeni V. I. Lenin.
10. Vasiliy Georgeovich Kanishchev, chief engineer, State Planning
Institute "Pridneprovskiy Proms troyproyekt"; Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
Kaplin, head, "Uralstal'konstruktsiya" Trust; Sergey Pavlovich Kil'dishov,
brigade leader, "Donbasstal'konstruktsiya" Trust; Petr Petrovich Kononenko,
Deputy Minister of Construction Ukrainian SSR;' Klimenty Semenovich Kochanov,
head, "Vostok Metallurgmontazh" Trust; Petr, Vasil'yevich Safronov;, chief
engineer, State Planning Institute "Tyazhpromeliktroproyekt"; Aleksandr
Nikolayeuich Sirtstunov, head, "Orsk Metallurgstroy" Trust; Anatoliy
Nikoforovich Stovpov, head, "Metallurgmontazh" Trust -- for developing
basic improvement in the methods of building blast furnaces in the USSR.
139. State Committee on Automation and Machine Building Established Under
Council of Ministers USSR
"In the 'Presidium of the Supreme Soviet USSR" (unsigned
article); Moscow, Promyshlenno-Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta,
4 Mar 59
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet USSR,, on the recommendation of
the Council of Ministers USSR, has formed a State Committee on Automa-
tion and Machine Building under tho Council of Ministers USSR (Gosudar-
stvennyy Komitet Soveta Ministrov SSSR po Avtomatizatsii i Mashinostroyen-
iyu) and has named Ariatoliy Ivanovich Kostousov chairman of the committee.
The Presidium also, on the recommendation of the Council 'of Ministers
USSR, has formed a State Scientific-Economic Council of the Council of
Ministers USSR (Gosudarstvennyy Nauchno-Ekonomicheskiy Sovet Soveta Ministrov
SSSR).
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140. Two New Institutes Nstabl:'.shed, in St~tilin ~
New Scientific Research Institutes" (unsigned artic:le);
Moscow., Fromyshi.cnno-Nkonn)micheskaya G~z,eta., 6 May 59
To assist. tho various enterprises of the petroleum, gas., and chemistry
maach:ine building industries of the Stz:1,11.ngrad .--con_omi.c region, two institutes
d have been established in c!;a.lingrad. the Scientific Research Institute
of the Technology cf Machine Building (Nauchne-Issledovatel'skiy Institut
Tekhnolo3ii Niashinostroyeniya) and th S'cientific Research Institute
of the Petroleum and Gas Industries (Nauchno-Issledovatel'skiy Institute
Net'tyanoy i Gazovoy P.romyshlennosti) 0
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