SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION

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• Collection: General CIA Records
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• Release Decision: RIPPUB
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• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 13, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: February 21, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

504 I ET BLtM~ I NTERNAT I ANAL
GEOPHYSICAL YEAR'INFOR"RT'lo
1 OF -
 Appro
R"Er, ORD
COPY
PB 131632-2
SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFOR1 TION
February 21, 1958
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COIVlMERCE
Office of Technical Services
Washington 25, D. C.
Published Weekly from February 14, 1958 to January 2, 1959.
Subscription Price $1.0.00 for the Series.
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PLEASE NOTE
This report presents unevaluated information on
Soviet Bloc International Geophysical Year activi-
ties selected from foreign-language publications as
indicated in parentheses. It is published as an
aid to United States Government research.
SOVIET BLOC IPPR NATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
Table of Contents
I. General
II. Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites
III. Upper Atmosphere
IV. Meteorology
V. Oceanography
VI. Latitude
VII. Seismology
VIII. Glaciology
IX. Geomagnetism
X. Antarctic
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rt'
Soviets Continue to Popularize the IGY for the Masses
Mezhdunarodnyy Geofizicheskiy God (International Geophysical Year)
by V. P. Tsesevich, published by Gostekhizdat, was to have been released
during the fourth quarter of 1957, according to an announcement in a so-
viet book catalogue. The purpose of' the book, as stated in the announce-
ment, is to present in simple, readable form to a wide audience of readers
the problems facing scientists during the IGY and how they will be
solved. (Sovetskiye Knigi, No 163, 1957) p 32)
Polish Participation in IGY Program
An abstract of a Polish article describes measures undertaken by the
IGY Committee under the Polish Academy of Sciences for the organization
of the investigations which must be conducted by the Poles. The basic
problems which will be studied during the IGY are listed. The Commission
on Astronomy, Geodesy, and Gravity will investigate changes of geograph-
ical latitude and longitude associated with the shifting of the poles
and irregularities of the earth's rotation. The Meteorological Commis-
sion will study the over-all circulation of the atmosphere and the energy
balance system of the earth-atmosphere, and will conduct radiosonde mees-
urements of the temperature, pressure, and moisture content of the air,
and of the wind up to 30 kilometers. This commission will conduct oceano-
graphic investigations of the dynamic processes in the Bay of Danzig and
in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The commission's studies on
magnetism, atmospheric electricity, and the ionosphere will include varia-
tions of the Earth's magnetic field and the electromagnetic phenomena in
the Earth's atmosphere.
In the field of seismology, the Commission on Seismology will be
interested chiefly in the study of earthquakes in Poland and adjacent
territories.
The investigation of solar activity is of major importance to the
11cliophysics Commission. A subcommission on the organization of Polish
expeditions was formed. A map showing the arrangement of the network
of Polish geophysical stations was given. (Problemy, Issue 12, No 7,
1956, pp lr(9-4d0 [from Referativnyy Zhurnal -- Geofizika, No 3, Mar 57,
Abstract No 1629, by I. N. Leonardova])
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Soviets Distribute Preliminary Report on Sputnik I
According, to a 22 January 1958 press item, a preliminary scientific
report on launching of satellites had been prepared and was being sent
to IGY organizations in accordance with the obligations assLuned by the
Soviet Committee for the Conduct of the IGY.
The press item observed that on 11. January Sputnik I had ceased exist-
once and in 3 months had made approximately 1,11.00 revolutions around the
Earth and had traveled 60 million kilometers.
As told to a Taos correspondent by the Soviet Committee for the
Conduct of the IGY, the calculations of Soviet scientists on the life-
time of the satellite were completely confirmed. Careful observations
of the flight, the use of methods developed by Soviet mathematicians and
of the high-speed electronic computer made it possible to accurately pre-
dict the ephemeris of the satellite at any given moment.
Observations made during the flight of Sputnik I made it possible
to collect valuable scientific material on the density of the upper lay-
ers of the atmosphere, the structure of the ionosphere, and other geo-
physical phenomena. Signals of the satellite on the 15-meter band were
received at a very great distance exceeding, by far, the range of direct
visibility and in a number of cases reached a distance to 10,000 kilo-
meters. Investigations of the satellite signal.: revealed that in certain
layers of the ionosphere peculiar waveguides facilitating radiowave pro-
pagation to ,;:L-eat distances were formed.
It was established that meteor danger was in reality less than pre-
viously supposed. The satellite passed through meteor showers and, in
spite of this, survived without injury over a long period of time. The
temperature conditions which a satellite is subjected to were revealed.
The first results of obser?rat:ions of the flight of Sputnik I made it pos-
sible to :naive the parameters and orbit of Sputnik II more precise.
The Soviet IGY Cannittee took measures to provide complete informa-
tion to scientists and a wide circles of people of all countries on the
most important features of the experiment conducted with Sputnik I.
Before the launching of the satellite, numerous articles, in which
methods of investigations used in the flight of the satellite and the
appropriate instruments were described in detail, appeared in scientific
journals. In radio amateur journals data describing radio receiving de-
vices for reception of satellite signals were given in advance. Instruc-
tions on optical observations were given in astronomical publications.
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~e pro em:3 invo vecl in laune ng a sate. e were discussed in the
Soviet popular and scientific press. This made it possib:Le to organize
observations of the satellite throughout the country.
Much assistance in the collection of data, on Sputnik's flight were
given by observation stations and radio amateurs of many countries. Many
hundredo of letters and telegrams with reports on observations conducted
were received by the Soviet IGY Committee: Valuable information was
presented by c ientists of Czechoslovakia, China, Poland, East Germany,
and other People's Democracies.
Observatories and stations in Ireland, England, and some Latin Amer-
ican countries reported their observations.
The press item concludes with the observation that only casual re-
ports were received from the US, where there are a great number of ob-
servation stations. (Moscow, Izvestiya, 22 Jan 58)
Soviet Film on Sputniks I and II
A short newspaper notice indicates that Moscow cinematographers have
made a documentary entitled "First Soviet Earth Satellites." The film
is directed by M. Slavinskaya and N. Chigorin and is based on a script
by A. Sazonov. The first part of the movie acquaints one with the his-
tory of the mastery of the Cosmos by science. (Moscow, Izvestiya,
19 Dec 57)
Soviets Translate and Publish Brochure of US Satellite Articles
A. Buyanov, an engineer, has reviewed a Soviet brochure of translated
US articles on the artificial earth satellite. The 75-page brochure,
entitled Iskusstvennyy sputnik Zemli (Artificial Earth Satellite), was
published by the "Sovetskoye Radio" Publishing House in 1957 and sells
for 2 rubles 25 kopecks. Titles of the individual articles are given, but
tl aithcc's az not idr tii'Sed: the review says only that these articles were
papers read by US scientists before an audience of 2,000 radio engineers.
Yu. S. HIilebtsevich edited the brochure, which the reviewer says is of
great interest for the Soviet reader. (Tekhnika-Molodezhi, No 9, Sep 57,
pp 38-39)
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China Set, U1 I.2 flatej.l.ito Observation StatJ.onc
Under the sponuorship of the Academia Sinica Sciences, according to
a Peiping newspaper, 12 observation stations for the tracking of the So-
viet earth satel.l:Ltc are now 'bein3 established in various areas through-
out China, :LncJ.udin; Peiping, Nanking, Lan-chow, F un-ruing, Lhasa, Wuhan,
Cii'anC-ch'un, Canton, Sian, Ururuchi, Tientsin, and ShanL;ha:L. A total of
.1-20 wide-field (12 degrees) telescopes for use in the observation stations
rrill be supplied by the USSR. Radio sets capable of receiving signals
at frequencies of 20-1E0 rnebacycies arc now being installed in the various
u LaL' ioria . (Peiping, 1`uangr-rnirig Jih-pao, 1E Nov 5'( )
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III . UPPER AT'MOS P tE
First Results of Radar Observations of Meteor Activity Reported
G. A. Nasyrov of the Institute of Physics and Geophysics of the
Academy of Sciences Turkmen SSR submitted a report on 7 December. 1957
on radar determinations of meteor activity from July to September 1957
in Ashkhabad which indicates that a total of 1,760 reflections were re-
corded during this period. Nasyrov's report follows
In connection with the beginning of the IGY, the Astrophysics Lab-
oratory of the Institute of Physics and Geophysics of the Academy of
Sciences Turkmen SSR began the systematic registration of meteor activity
according to the IGY program on a 4.2-meter wave length. The antenna
used is a wave duct and is permanently directed toward the west. Maximum
power is 80 kilowatts at a frequency of 50 pulses per second. The receive-
transmit antenna consists of seven elements inclined at a 22.5 degree angle
to the horizontal plane and located at a height of two wave lengths (at a
height of three wave lengths until 18 July 1957). The station is equipped
with automatic control, an automatic calibrator, and a separate photograph-
ing device, which records meteor radio echoes and their duplication, thus
ensuring their reliable selection from among the usual disturbances. Re-
cording is made on a movie film by which slant range scanning is fixed
through every 50 kilometers to distances of 350 kilometers and time mark-
ers are placed on the movie film simultaneously. In addition, another
instrument, the "artificial meteor," makes it possible for the operator
to calibrate the duration of the reflection each time. The photographing
device and the "artificial meteor" were made at Kharkov Polytechnic In-
stitute under the supervision of B. L. Kashcheyev. RF-3 film was used.
The station is organized under the general direction of I. S. Astapovich,
and A. T. Belous, Yu. L. Truttse, A. Kh. Khanberdyyev, Yu. Rodin, 0.
Ovezgel'dyyev, M. I. Kalyakina, Yu. N. Inozemtsev, and G. A. Nasyrov took
part in the work.
The processed negatives showed that for 630 hours and 13 minutes of
observations, 1,760 reflections ("radio meteors") were recorded. Of these,
247 were obtained from 1 to 17 July 1957 at an antenna height of 3 wave
lengths and 1,513 were obtained thereafter at an antenna height of 2 wave
lengths. The average hourly number by the month, beginning at 0001-0100
Z and each hour thereafter to 2300-2400 Z, are given as follows (numbers
In parentheses indicate data from insufficient number of hours of opera-
t10 n) :
July --2.0, 3.0, 3.6, 3.2, 3.6, 4.0, 3.9, 2.4, 0.8, 1.0, 2.1, 1.7,
2,9, 2.7, 3.0, 2.8, 2.4, 2.0, 1.7, 4.0, 2.2, 2.7, 1.4, 2.1; average a 2.49,
V. = 445.
-5-
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 August -- 7.6, 4.1, 4.9, 3.2, 490, 4.1, 5.5, 4.3, 3.7, 4.7, 3.4,
3.0, 5.3, 5.0, 4.9, 4.5, 3.9, 3.8, 3.6, 6.0, 5.8, 4.5, 2.8, 6.2; average
11.44, n _ 843.
September --2.1, 1.1, 2.0, 1.8, 2.0, 2.1, 1.9, 1.6, (2.9), (5.5),
(2.0), 2.0, (1.3), 1.0, (2.3), (1.7), 0.8, 1.6, 2.1, 1.7, 1.6, 1.0, 2.2,
1.8; average = 1.84, n a 252.
The greatest number of meteors were observed in August. A more
detailed analysis of data shows that the maximum occurred during 10-15 Au-
gust 1;57, which can be attributed to the Perseids. The diurnal var-
iation curve shows a minimum at about 1400 local solar time and a maximum
in the morning and evening hours.
Distribution according to slant range ::s given as follows:
Range (kilometers)
No of Radio Meters
6o
4
6o-go
46
90-120
85
120-150
154
150-180
312
180-210
228
210-240
227
240-270
173
270-300
138
300-330
108
330
44
1,519
Within the 55- to 100 kilometers range the mode drops to an alti-
tude of 85-90 kilometers. Taking as an average H = 87, we find that the
angle of inclination i of the antenna corresponds with the maximum of the
slant range r z H cosec t = 87 x 2.61 = 227 kilometers.
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A total of 1,433 (94.6% of the radio reflections were of less than
one second duration, 66 (4.46) of approximately one second duration, and
15 (1.0;6) of considerably more than one second duration. (Izvestiya Aka-
demii Nauk Turkmenskoy SSR, No 6, Nov-Dec 57, p 100)
New Soviet Astronomical Equipment Includes Use of TV Telescope
A TV telescope capable of magnifying the diameter of the lunar disk
to 6 meters is among the astronomical equipment designed and in use at the
Main Astronomical Observatory at Pulkovo during the IGY. An ordinary tele-
scope with a focal length of 20 meters which can be increased to 50 and
even 100 meters by changing one of the mirrors in the optical system is
used in conjunction with a TV camera. In addition to the increased mag-
nification achieved by modifying the optical system, the electrical sys-
tem also makes it possible to magnify the image even more.
This new combination of telescope and TV camera makes it possible
to obtain distinct pictures of stars, planets, comets, nebulae and to
sharply increase their luminosity on a TV screen. Astronomers have al-
ready taken several tens of photographs of the Moon, and several double
stars of the eighth and ninth magnitude have been photographed. Mars
will be photographed during the time of its regular opposition this year
in an attempt to solve the age-old argument on the existence of so-called
Martian canals.
The TV telescope, which was designed by N. F. Kuprevich, a senior
scientific associate at the observatory, is temporarily set up on a bal-
cony of the main building of the observatory. A special pavilion will
soon be constructed for it.
A special pavilion has already been constructed on Pulkovo heights
for another also entirely original instrument, the Leningrad Zenith Tele-
scope (ZTL-180). This telescope has an objective lens diameter of 180
millimeters an6 a focal length of 2,360 millimeters. It is the largest
telescope of its kind in the world and is being used in the study of the
movement of the Earth's poles during the IGY.
The ZTL-180 Tias constructed in Leningrad according to the technical
specifications de?reloped by V. I. Sakharov and I. F. Korbut, scientific
associates of the observatory. To protect the telescope from the heat of
summer, the pavilion in which the telescope is located is insulated. The
inside is covered with a cork layer and the outside is painted with an
aluminum paint which reflects solar radiation.
0. Karyshev, who describes the TV and zenith telescopes in a news-
paper article, also points out that cameras are used for recording the
results of observations and that such instruments now are set up at Moscow,
Kitab, Irkutsk, and other stations in the USSR. (Leningradskaya Pravda,
8 Jan 58)
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IV. 1,TETTOROLOCY
rv'eteorologicnl Stations in China
China has some 1.000 meteorological observatories ::.nd stations distrib-
uted in the various areas throughout the nation. This number is more than
20 times that of the preliberation period. (Shih-chia-chuang Jih-pao,, 6 Sep
57) CPYRGHT
Vityaz' Plumbs Pacific Depths CPYRGHT
J. E'cvlov, `first mate fbr political affairs aboard the Soviet expeditionary
ship Vityaz' of the institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences USSR,
reports on the progress of its voyage in the Pacific. In a radiogram he re-
ports that the ship has traveled thousands of miles. during which valuable
scientific discoveries were made and parts of the ICY program were success-
fully fulfilled. At the time of the report, the ship was completing its
trip from New Zealand to the Tonga Islands.
The Tonga depression, little studied heretofore, was explored in De-
cember. Geological, biological, and other investigations were conducted
here. Interesting soil samples were obtained at depths of 8 kilometers.
Using a self-recording instrument, a record depth of 10,800 kilometers was
registered here.
Cameras were used in photographing the ocean bottom at great depths.
Gwmer .14, of 10,000 meters
the camera automatically recorded the bottom topography. I(Leningradskaya
Pravda, 3, 16 Jan 56) CPYRGHT
First Chinese Oceanogr,7phic Research Ship Launched
China's first oceanographic research ship, the SS Chin-sheng (Golden Star),
was to leave the Shanghai Chung-hua Shipyard on 6 June 1957 and go to Tsing-
tao, according to a Shanghai newspaper.
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The vessel, a converted ocean-going tug, has a displacement of 1,500
tons and can travel at a speed of 13 nautical miles an hour. There are six
research laboratories on the vessel. On arrival at Tsingtao, the vessel was
to be equipped with various types of research instruments by the Marine Bio-
logical Research Unit of the Academia Sinica in the Tsingtao area. The ship
was then to start its scientific expedition. (Shanghai, F.sin-wen Jih-pao,
7 Jun 57, P 1)
The Hsin-hua News Agency reported that the SS Chin-sheng would conduct
its scientific expedition in China's territorial waters under the direction
of the marine biological laboratory in Tsingtao and that it would investi-
gate the physical and biological conditions of the'ocean and collect data
on marine resources. (Peiping, Hsin-hua News Agency release, 7 Jun 57)
Soviet Oceanographic Research Team in Tsingtao
A Chinese newspaper reported on 28 December 1957 that the Soviet ocean-
ographic ship Pao-shih 'Gem) and medium-sized trawler No 4347 carrying a
Soviet oceanographic research team including a total of 49 members headed
by Vishinskiy, chief of t,.ie Laboratory of Surface Layer Fish, Pacific Ocean
Scientific Research Institute of the Fishing Economy and Oceanography of the
USSR, arrived in Tsingtao the previous week. Accompanying the team was Kim
Tok-kyong, chief of the Western Sea Marine Production Institute, North Korea.
According to the paper, the team will cooperate with the Chinese scien-
tists in making a scientific study of the marine biology, ocean physics, and
marine chemistry of both the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. The paper
added that the present oceanographic expedition is based on an agreement
signed between China, the USSR, North Korea, and North Vietnam during a con-
ference concerning technical cooperation in connection with the work of fish-
ery, oceanography, and limnology in the western Pacific area in 1956 and
proposals of a 21-point technical cooperation agreement reached during the
second conference in Moscow in August 1957.
Also among the famous USSR scientists in the team were Kaganovskaya,
chief of the Laboratory of Bottom Layer Fish, Pacific Ocean Scientific Re-
search Institute of the Fishing Economy and Oceanography of the USSR, and
Biryulin, chief of the Laboratory of Oceanography and Hydrology of the same
institute. (Peiping, Koang-ming Jih-pao, 28 Dec 57)
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VI. LATITUDE
Soviets Aid Chinese in Setting Up Latitude Station
Some time ago a group of Soviet scientists headed by A. A. Mikhaylov,
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences USSR, visited China, where
they assisted Chinese astronomers in selecting Tientsin as a site for
making latitude obser. irations . Later, a zenith telescope was sent to
Tientsin from Leningrad.
Chao I-sing, a Chinese professor, and his assistants then visited
Pulkovo, where the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sci-
ences USSR is located, and acquainted themselves with the methods of
making latitude observations., (Leningradskaya Pravda, 8 Jan 58)
Lhasa Observatory Uses Chinese-Made Equipment
A Lhasa newspaper article titled "On the Work of the Lhasa Observa-
tory," by Hsi Ping-chih and Chou Chin-ping, gives the following infor-
mation.
All recording apparatuses used in the Lhasa observatory are of Chi-
nese make. They have all been manufactured in the Chinese plants since
the liberation. To register the shocks and motions of earthquakes, the
Model-51 seismograph, designed and produced by Li Shan-pang, a seismolo-
gist and a research fellow of the Geophysics Research Institute of the
Academia Sinica, is now being used. The Kirnos seismograph, copied after
a Soviet model by the Chinese last year, is also being used. The per-
formance of the latter is considered to be very satisfactory; it gives
accurate recordings of earthquakes in all directions. To study geo-
magnetism, two sets of recording equipment (one for recording at normal
speed and the other at higher speed) were installed in the observatory.
These are Chinese-made, but are copies of Danish geomagnetic recording
equipment.
In the past, there were no systematic and scientific materials on
geomagnetism and seismology available in Tibet. Some 20 years ago,
however, geomagnetic survey work was done in the areas of Lhasa, Zhi-
katse, and Ya-tung by a German. His study lacked materials concerning
periodic geomagnetic changes of the areas. Therefore, the distribution,
changes, and characteristics of geomagnetism in the Tibetan plateau were
not made known. With the establishment of the Lhasa observatory, it is
expected that more information along this line will soon be made known
to the world. (Lhasa, Tibet Jih-pao, 14 Aug 57)
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VIII. GLACIOLOGY
:ovicL? Preparations for IGY Investigations in Suntar-Khayata Mountain Range_
The following is a complete translation of the article, "Preparation
for Investigations in the Suntar-Khayata Mountain Region," by N. A. Grave;
The study of areas of cooling in the Earth's sphere (the cryosphere)
in the polar and high-mountain regions enters in the IGY program of
ocicntific investigations.
Glaciers, frozen ground, and rocks are basic objectives in the study
of the cryosphere. The occurrence and development of these formations
depend on the special features of certain geophysical processes which are
Jointly dependent on the transfer of heat between the Earth's crust, atmo-
sphere, and lithosphere. Investigations of both the cryosphere phenomena
and their specific processes, conducted periodically and simultaneously in
various sections of the Earth's sphere and under various physicogeographica
and geological conditions, will make it possible to explain not only the
direction and intensity of changes in separate elements of the cryosphere
according to time and area, but also to establish the reasons for these
changes .
In accordance with decision by the Presidium of the Academy of
Sciences USSR, a glaciological and geocryological (permafrost) station is
being organized in the high-mountain region of Yakutsk by the Northeast
Branch of the Institute of Frost Studies imeni V. A. Obruchev, Academy of
Sciences USSR. In connection with this, a reconnaissance expedition of
the Academy of Sciences USSR had visited the Suntar-Khayata Mountain Range
in 1956. The investigations proposed for this region are of great scien-
tific interest. A high-mountain meteorological station has already been
constructed in this region by the Kolyma Administration of the Hydrometeor-
ological Service USSR.
The Suntar-Khayata Mountain Range attracted the attention of scien-
tists by its unique combination of physicogeographical and geological con-
ditions. The geographical contrasts and abundance of cryospheric phenomena
and formations concentrated in a comparatively small area give this moun-
tain region a special natural appearance.
The Suntar-Khayata Mountain Range, appearing as a southern spur of
the Verkhoyansk Mountains, represents an independent mountain group form-
ing the watershed for the Indigirka and Aldan basins and the rivers which
flow into the Sea of Okhotsk. It consists of sharply defined Alpine-type
mountains extending in a 150-kilometer belt from the northwest to the south-
east with a width reaching 50 kilometer. Absolute heights of the mountain
range reach 2,500 to 2,800 meters and the highest point in the northern
section of the range has an altitude of 2,959 meters.
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Thie, ranL,o In i;hst oro(rr?aephlrre'1 dividing line for air masses of Pacific
0(`,N L11 W* P1 r.c~rt i n:trtitz ).. Ot' I.t in. ,1.lonf; with the I3uorclal htakiy Mountains located
fitrthcr north, t. h. ;:unt;per-i;1i+a,ycat?~ Mountain Range is the hole region of
it ilrnif lcant cont,ornporary L la's iret ion in the, central-continental portion of
northerni t; Ara 1u .
Around lheu cwnteru or t{luciation, at the sources of rivers flowing
down the aoturtuin ranx,,e and at. an altitude of about 1,300 meters, are
located, ttit^k trn.r.lt.tyear it., ,nyere. (le fields) which are associated with
they emertcnck- or oubtr:.rranean waters, The surfaces of the river benches
and morainic .it!:nUt :ire ~,?ovrrrecl with a clenati network of frost clefts.
The location of the t,1,rr,Lr:rt3 and ice fic,lda and also a sketch of the moun-
tain range orthography i. given in Figure 1. (not reproduced here].
The Svntar-.JUtayata Mountain Range is lo-ated 150 kilometer from the
0ymyakorisk Platelau in whot:?e depr~:s_sior,.u have been registered the lowest
air temperatures in tho northern lic;mizphiere.
The entire region has a well def i?t ed oltitude-zoning of vegetative
cover, soils, and climate- 'T'hus, the wooded sections of depressions in
Lite 0y7nyakoru;k Plateau, which are lo;atcd at an altitude of about 600 to
700 meters, e.heetu;Fa into a taiga which reaches the foot of the high peaks
and changes Into a mountain tundra at an elevation of about 1,300 meters.
The .limat.e is milder in thF. h,tt;h-?mountain regions than in the depressions
of the plat.cau.
The Svntar?4Oiayat?a Mountain Rsn e has been little investigated. All
the large expeditions dire:r,ed towards the northeast, from Yakutsk in the
basins of Kolyttta, and begt:iningg with the expedition of Sarychev (1876)
and ending with the expcA i.t. ions of S. Obruchev (1926-1929), were conducted
at the hors of the high -mountain set ion. The first data on glaciers in
the northeast, pror?tien of the mountain range was obtained by the geologist
Lezhoye . Ito: gave, they dituttnsions of the Glaciers and the altitude of the
snow line in this section of the mountains. The most detailed presenta-
tion on g.lacicr of the S tartar - QQayata Mountain Range was obtained through
the works of the geographer L. L. Berman (4Togros geografii (Problems of
Geography 7 ; No 4, 19L7),
rn 191