SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000200360001-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 26
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 22, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 10, 1958
• Content Type: REPORT

 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
PD 131632-35
SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL OEOPI?rLSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
October 10, 1958
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Office of Technical Services
Washington 259 D. C.
Published Weekly from February 11, 1958, to January 2, 1959
Subscription Price $10,00 for the Series
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
PLEASE NO'T'E
This report presents uncvalupted information on .Soviet
Bloc International Geophysical Year activities selected f=
foreign-language publications as indicated in _parentheoea.
It is published as an aid to United States Government re-
search.
SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL YEAR INFORMATION
Table of Contents
Page
I.
II.
Rockets and ArtifictLal Earth Satellites
Upper Atmosphere
6
III.
Meteorology
18
IV.
Glaciology
18
V.
Arctic and Antarctic
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
Popular-;;c Ience FLlmis Belli , Developed Ln Ui;SR
A 3-yctir plan providing for the production of more than 1E00 popular-
science filme.1ins just been approved by the Ministry of Culture USSR.
Among the films to be completed in the near future are "Explorers of the
Universe," on Soviet rocket techniques; "Automatons in the Cosmos," on
the use of ro(.-kets tit high altitudes; "Television from Earth Satellites,"
on proopectrs for using satellites for long-distance television broad-
casts; "Cosmic Medicine," on the study of the influence exercised by
cosmic processes on living organisms; and "Four-Footed Astronauts,"
on the training of animals for flights in space [all titles translated
from the French].
In addition to the films devoted to future interplanetary trips,
about 20 films on the peaceful uses of atomic energy will be made.
(Paris, L'Humanite, 30 Aug 58)
Preliminary Results of Sputnik II Cosmic Ray Measurements
A complete translation of the article, "The Measurement of Cosmic
Radiation by an Artificial Earth Satellite," by S. N. Vernov correspond-
ing member of the Academy of Sciences USSR, N. L. Grigorov, Yu. I. Logachev
and A. Ye. Chudakov, follows:
"The preliminary results obtained by apparatus installed in Sputnik
II are presented in the current article.
"Two similar instruments for the desired recording of variations of
the intensity of cosmic radiation were installed in the satellite. Both
instruments were completely independent, and thus the coincidence of
their readings provided a check on the proper operation of the apparatus
in flight.
"Each of the instruments consisted of a charged particle counter
with an operating length of 100 millimeters and a diameter of 18 milli-
meters. The average amount of matter surrounding the counter was 10
gram/cm2. The operating voltage of the counter (!E00 v) was provided
with the aid. of a semiconductor converter, which was fed from a battery
with a voltage of 6 1/2 v.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
")iuttr i.nutrurrrcnt:, co ntaInud r_WaLer dcviccu which were made of Be m:L-
(..onductor trm,;i.ctor:; rind reel.t.l.rn,l a I)om:r of 0. .1. watt. each. A power
reserve crurured the! c.utrt I cruo t o, e . , i - r t t i o n of the Iri trurrtenL for 200 hours
The %leit.,ht Of thr_ Lnutrument; and power s,i ppl.y wau 2. ~ kilograms. The
elements of the inutrt.uncnt's system wear previously described [Usp. Fiz.
Nauk, Vol 63, No 1, 191'(, p 1491.
"During the flight of the satellite in its direct spiral over the
territory of the Soviet; ?Jn.ion (the. motion from south to north), its
flight altitude over the surface of the Earth remained practically un-
cbanged (225-2)10 kilometers). During its motion in the reverse spiral,
the altitude of the flight grew approxiratcly from 350 up to 700 kilo-
meters with the decrease in latitude from 65? N to 400 N latitude. The
relation of the intensity of cosmic radiation of the reverse spiral in
relation to the intensity in the direct spiral at one and the same geo-
graphic points gives the relative increase of intensity at the expense
of the difference in altitude [see Figure 1. of original article). If
the relationship of cosmic ray i:ntensity to altitude were one and the
same at different. altitudes, then Figure I would give this relationship.
"The change in intensity of cosmic rays in relationship to altitude
beyond the limits of the atmosphere can be due to at least three effects:
(1) the increase of intensity at the expense of the decrease in the
screening action of the Earth.; (2) the increase of intensity because
the lessening of the Earth's rnagnet.ic field leads to a decrease in the
generation of the energy of particles which can penetrate through the
Earth's magnetic field; and (3) the change of the'albedo of cosmic
radiation. The discovered altitude rel.n11oaship can be explained by
the calculation of only two primary effects.
"The measurements conducted of cosmic ray intensity during the
flight of the satellite at many direct, :spirals makes it possible to
construct lines of equal i.ni;c:nsity of this radiation. (isocosms).
"In Figure 2, isocosms for three iral.ues of the velocity of light
are presented: 18, 27 and 36 impulses per second.
"As can be seen from Figure 1_, experimental points, best of all,
lie on the geographic parallels. In the equatorial region, Simpson
[J. A. Simpson, K. B. Fenton, .:r. Katzman and D. C. Rose, PhysRev.,
102, 1.648 (ig 6). and A. Simpson, Report o:.-r the Conference at
VarennaI discovered that the lints of minimum cosmic ray intensity
("cosmic equator") did not coincide with the geomagnetic equator.
In -onnection with this, the rece:1p`, of data concerning the distribution
of cosmic ray intensities over the whole world is of great interest.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-~PYRGHT
"rI'hr. I)ie poi.ntr.; In Figure 2 exceedu by two or three
Lha t?, rl l r.;ln X1'.;1 an. wl'tc'l1 could be expec'?z-.,d from stutist:Lcal errors
111. on(. it, 1"; tlrrrtt tlr.Lr, is connected with vnriationc; in the
Inter;:; i r'.y of c.oumlc .ruy~:;. Analysis of the obtained data shows that
con;;i.d(,!r,,r.bi.c increm.er In the intensity of cosmic rays are sometimes
observed.. Thugs, on 7 November 1957, in the time interval from 0436
to 01149 (Mor.:cow time), an increase in the intensity of cosmic radiation
of app.roxinw.tely 'i0 percent was registered at latitudes above 58 degrees.
This Increase war, registered by two Instruments. The change in the in-
tensity of CoUrllic rays during this'flare, according to the data of both
instr'urrier:tx,, is shown in Figure 3 (t-he graph curvre represents the data
of the in.strumeo.t rind the points, the data of the other instrument).
In this onme drawing, the points of the curve indicate variations in the
intensity of cosmic radiation as a function of time which could be
expected from averaged data obtained according to all spirals, ex-
cluding the spiral in which the'flare'was observed.
"The most detailed data on intensity during this flare' is related
to the smaller time intervals shown in Figure II.. Attention is drawn
to the fact that during the 'flare; greater fluctuations of intensity,
exceed'; nc the stat f st.ical t l uctuntA nn-, mnny l lm ., ,rpra nl~aartraA _ ~~
(Dokl.ady Aict;d.em:L.i. Nauk SSSR, Vol 120, No 6) 1958, pp 1231-.1233)
Relation of a R:!i3trict. d TThres--}Jody Prob1e,,a With Satellite Orbits
The following is a complete translation of the article "Problem;
on the Relation of a Restricted Three-Body Problem to the Motion of Arti-
ficial .Earth Sat.11ites," by F. Yu. Zigel.
"In r_?orlnection with the creation of artificial Earth satellites it
is of interest to determine theoretically various orbits which their
motion could fo.ll.ow.
"Because the masses of artificial earth satellites are negligibly
small in comparison with the masses of the Earth and the Moon, their
motion in the Earth.-Moon system may be considered. as the motion of a
body with a negligibly Small mass in a restricted three body problem.
On the other hand, for a satellite of arbitrary mass, including a mass
as small as desired, the particular three body problems analyzed by
Lagrange are applicable,
"By deaignating the mass of the Earth with. M, and the mass of the
Moon with m a:c,d assuming M/m = 81, let :is find the position of the
libration points in the particular case of Lagrange. for the Earth.-Moon
system.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
"[Tor. rriu.l.arj o c, 1"' I rr;t irp)prox.l tta lion !;.i?crlrrg, the distances of collinear
:Libr.itlon Lroiritcr toy 1:4,,., I.3 thr cF:+.7tc:r. of the Earth are [M. F.
iubbotin, 10ir, nc'h otaoy rrnF;k.lxani.A-J: (Course in, Celestial Mechanics), Vol
ri ro [1
-
(. -3M-) 1/3 ] ,
r2 -_ ro 11
-1-
( 3M +in ) 1/31.,
= r
r
f
7 m
-
3
o
....
12 M-4-26 m
where ro is the mean distance from the Earth's center to the Moon.
"Regarding the triangular libration points L)L and I,S, as is known,
they form, together with the Earth and the Moon, the Vertices of two
equilateral triangles.
"Computation using the: above formulas gives 'the following results:
rl_ 0.839752 r2.= a..160029 r3= 0.992986,
where rl, r2, r 3 are the distance of collinear libration points from
the Earth's center in units of the mean. distance Earth.-Moon (Figure 1).
"The libration. points In the special Lagrange case have the property
that a body (satellite) located at any of these -points with a zero' re-
lative velocity will remain there forever conserving a permanent con-
figuration with respect to the other two bodies (Earth and Moon). We
should keep in mind that the libration points will. be motionless only
in a rotating system of coordinates, the origin of which will coincide
with the center of gravity of the Earth.'-Moon system and the abscissa
axis will pass through the centers of both of these bodies.
"The collinear libration points are points of unstable equilibrium
and therefore satellites located at these points will .lave the equili-
brium position at the least di.sp]acement. and may move far away from the
libration points. It is true that by means of reaction engines it will
be possible to return. the satellite to th; initial position and in this
way secure an "artificial stability." For astrona-irigational purposes,
the points L1 and L2 which are relative'_y close to the Moon, are of f
interest. From them, it would be possible to study in detail its surface
as well as the unseen side of the Moon.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
"A .:,rrtt~ l.l.:Ltr .coca hers at either of the triangular libr?ation pointy
Ltr rin,1 L:) muy tlr,3re 7:1 c,uIT ici.elrtly long time, becaur e the stability
rr.Ltf.!i.'iorl According to the .Cit?st approximation of the system Earth-Moon-
tr.Ln.trFZrlirli Librut.ion point i.c satisfied. The motion of satellites near
the point.:; [aj , L,; w Ll.l be u:irrl:Llctr to the motion of the Trojan group as-
teroLds revolving; around the Sun nearly on Jupiter's orbit.
Cnom:ic rstatiocis at the points LI, and L, will. be, in the full mean-
:LnL, of th~r terns, irrterplarietary stations, equally distant from the Earth
r.rnd the Moon. At the satrie time, the stability of their position in re-
.lntLon t,., Earth and Moon will facilitate regular communication of these
stations with our planet and will perrhittthe accumulation there of con-
stderabl~. provi.i.ons of fuel for interplanetary flights. A low thrust
for a flight to the planet::, the possibility of constantly seeing nearly
the whole ;ky these are only a few advantages of cosmic stations at
points 1,i} Lind L. 5,
"Besides N.I.1bxat-Ing/ satellites having an approximately constant
position with respect, to the Earth and Moon, other satellites, too, are
conceivable, performing periodic motions in the above specified rotating
system of coordinates.
"Periodic solutions, of the restricted three body problem were
studied by Jacoby, G. Darwin, Poincare, Tylq, E. Stromgren and others'
[H. Polncarc, Le methodes nouvelles de la mecanique;.cel.este. (Few
Methods of Celestial. Mechanics), Paris, 1892 ?1899; G. Darwin, Periodic
Orbits, Act Math., 21, 1897; E. Stromgren, Connaissance actuelle des
orbiter dctrrs l.e problerne de trois corps. (Actual i4;nowledge of Orbits
in the Three: Body Problem), Pubi.o$ mind-re Med. fra Kobenhavns Obs.,
No 100, 1936]. Tn e computation of closed periodic orbits of the
third 'vorly (of small mass) in the three 'body problem may be carried
out by the method of num rical integration.
"Among irarLo,zc, classes of periodic orbits; the following classes
draw our ati. -ntion-,
1. Periodic orbits around bodies with finite masses (in our case
with masses M and m),, which the third body (satellite) will follow in a
directior, op.po;:,i-ce to the rotation of the mobile system of coordinates.
Figure 2 shows Toni of the omits of this class for the case when M = m.
The orbits remote from the bodies with M and m masses apf:roach circles
in'shapr_-., but coming nearer the specified bodies, the orbits flatten
and become similar to ellipses.
F01' a;,troriazrigational purposes the orbit of type three is of
particular i.ntc?rest. A satellite revolving on such an. orbit will be in
constant c onirrn.n~i.ca t i on with the Earth as well as with the. Moon. From
such a satellite, a detailed study of the lunar surface will be con-
,renient- ar.d en-.n a "landing" on the Moon wi11, be possible.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
CPYRGHT
2 Pc~r l.ocl.ic ocb:Lt,,, ;aitlc .r c:i;r~ :,;radc motion ra1..oau'ld the labration
troi.nt:G. F14 ui'e ;; chows, Vol.- the m. c; M =m, two orbits of the specified
clew i : one , ;urrourit].LnL~ on:L;, the i ):Ln't L; ~ the second, with n loop
:around -che Monn. It is por;s:Lblc: tL zt for some us tronrrvigat:Lonal pur-
pooes such orb:Lts will also be of atrar.r..st,. Thus, for example, a
satellite revolving In a loop-?shap orbit may have a constant communica-
tion with come lunar station and a tha, itune time depart for into
Interplanetary space.
The examples presented show t hit the possible motions of artificial
Earth satellites are :Car from beint exhausted by revo1u't,ions on cir-
cular orbits. It would be very int resting to compute by means of
numerical integration concrete per:L d.ic satellite orbits for the case
M= 81. m, specifying real in i.tial c rd.1rions and evaluating thereafter
the elements nrh-i from the vieimoirlt of astronnut.1 r.,-,
(Byulleten' Vsesoyuznogo Astioriomo-tieodezicheskogo Obshchestva, No 2 CPYRGHT
(28), 1958, pp 14?-16)
Moon -F1ir_rht. Article by Shternfei' d for_ Yoanr; Readers
An article, "Path to the Moon," by A. Shternf'el.' d, winner of an
International Incentive Award. for Astronautics, appears in the July
issue of Vokr?i g Sveeta, monthly geographic popular science magazine of
the Central Committee, of the.- All.-Union: Lenin's Young Communist League.
(Vokrug S\reta, No 7, Jul 58, pp 1-8)
Radar Studies of Meteor Activity ic Khar "kcv
The results of :Lnvesti_gations of "Meteor Activity by the Radar
Method at a Frequency of 72 Megacycles," from June to September 1957,
which were conducted in Khar ?kov, are presented in an article by B. S.
Dudnik, B. L~ ICishcheyen, M. F. Lagumin, I. A. Lysenko, V. Tolstov,
aau I. A. Dei.ov of the IO'aar'kov .Pol. technic lnctit.utt:.
A system of noise filtering ;ra de?roloped to make it possible to
conduct ooservati.ons during Periods :i.ntcrfarc-ruse was at a high level.
The number of sporadic met'-ors was '_cund to have two c,:aily maximums,
one in the morning and one at night.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
The level of meteor activity in June and July was considered to be
high. The greatest activity during these months was noted at night. The
average hourly number of recorded meteors reached as high as 21 (24 June).
With the. exception of 8 September, meteor activity in September was con-
siderably lower than in July and August. (Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchevnykh
Zavedeniy, Radiofizika, Vol 1, No 2, Mar-Apr 58, pp 66-70).
Ambartsumyan Awarded Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin was awarded 'to Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsu-
myan, president of the Academy of Sciences Armenian SSR, by the Presidium
of the Supreme Soviet USSR on 17 September. The award, coinciding with
Ambartsumyan's 50th birthday, was given for outstanding service in the
field of astronomy. (Moscow, Pravda, 18 Sep 58)
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
U r!; , rtn iu,.. f :L . u u1' I;xau l? Cuo.t:'d:Lnatcu of the Moon
:L. V . Gavri]uv, Ma:Lrl Autrurtuntl.c UbGurvatury (A' tlru Aeudumy ui' iciuncu:;
U l"I'U. i lli .tl :~.lli, 1n a .;trLs the I'c:r;u.l.ts of an atia.l ysi.3 of .10j- photography of
thu 14(ucur tal:un for ot.udying its figuro in connection with the presence of
tiro ii bratiurr effect in the radius. Explaining the librutiurt effect by the
prusencc ui' the su-called great relief, the: author reveals the influence of
this ci't'ect Uri the lunar coordinater,. The computed values obtained explain
we1.1 the origin u:l' empirical corrections to the lunar courdinates.
The full text of the article, excluding figures 1 and 2 and tables 2
and 3, entitled "Some Results of an Investigation of the Moor's Figure for
Determining Ito Exact Coordinates," which appeared in the IGY Information
Bul.l.etin of the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR, is presented here:
Among the great number of investigations according to the IGY program,
investigations with the use of astronomical methods and observations are
far from last place. Such investigations include, as is known, photographic
observations of the Moon for determining its exact coordinates. The study
of the orbital motion of the Moon, as well as other celestial bodies, makes
it possible in many cases to solve certain problems of a geophysical char-
acter..
The motion of the Moon among the stars from the viewpoint of celestial
mechanics is steadied with sufficient accuracy. This makes it possible to
compare the observed coordinates of the Moon with coordinates computed on
the basis of gravitation theory and the differences between them are attri-
buted to other, nongravitational, reasons. At present, it can be stated
with certainty that among the latter there are even reasons of a geophysical
character.
Not going beyond the limits of the theme of this article, we shall
briefly enumerate those problems of a geophysical character for whose solu-
tion it is necessary to enlist the observations of the Moon:
1. Study of the nonuniformity of the Earth' rotation.
2. Determination of ephemeris (Newtonian) time.
3. Determination of the dimensions of the geoid and solution of
problems of higher geodesy.
4. Study of the movement of the continents..
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
Au iu cvidunL Crom the aforumcntioncd, observations of the exact
coord.irlaLeu of thu Moon arc of tremendous impurtance In the study of the
Earth as a who 'I a p.l.arict.
Thu study of the orbital. motion of the Moon, us we:L:L as the study of
physical .l.ibrution, always rests on the question concerning the figure of
the Moon. The fact is that during observations measurements of the limb
of the lunar disc, whose form changes relative to optical. libration, are
always being made. This change in the form of the limb of the lunar disc
adduces to the fact that the center of the figure of the Moon, found from
measurements of the limb, does not always coincide with the center of the
lunar mass. Thus, a comparison of observation results with theory, with-
out taking into account the relative position of the center of mass and
the center of the figure of the Moon, is incorrect. This circumstance
results especially from the relation of the radius of the Moon to libration
in latitude, a fact which is confirmed by an entire series of heliometric
observations and indirectly by other observations. The relation of the
radius to libration in latitude in the first approximation, is con-
sidered linear:
R = Ro t bpo
where Ro is the radius when (~ o = 00; the term b 1 0 expresses the
libration effect in the radius. f
(1)
A summary of determinations of the coefficient b is given in Table 1.
Series of Observations
Observer
Years
No of
Observations
Method of
Observations
Value
Shlyuter
[Schlueter]
1841-1843
158
Heliometric
-0".090
Gartvig
[Hartwig]
1884-1885
36
"
-0.040
184o-:L915
235
-0.029
Banachevich
1910-1915
130
it
-0.030
Yakovkin
1916-1931
250
-0.048
Bel'kovich
1932-1942
150
"
-0.035
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 110 oil.'
Muthod of
Ol,sux~~ut
Yeas:;
Observations
Observations
Value
I'IcCcrl.'y"rv
1.9.35.-:39115
1113
Heliometric
-0.041
1Cliu.bibu.lin
X9119-1952
110
Photographic
-00070
Drofu
1950-1953
32
Micrometric
-0.115
Evidently, 1:41e dispersion of values of the coefficient b speaks for
the fact that, at, present, it cannot be said that the libration effect is
not known by us with sufficient accuracy. In addition, there is a basis
to as:,7mnc that it. differs for the eastern and western limbs of the Moon.
Thus, the study of the lib:ration effect and its influence on the relative
position of the center of the figure and the center of the mass of the
Moon is an inte:tzesting and timely problem.
In the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences
Ukrainian SSR, investigations of the figure of the Moon are conducted under
the supervision of A. A. Yakovkin on photographs taken by the 400-mm astro-
graph (D - 400, F = 5500 mm) with the aid of an automatically moving plate
holder (Fig. 1).
In this article, certain results of processing of the first series of
photographic observations 1955-1957 are presented. More than JCO negatives
suitable for measu.rrements were selected for analysis., Data on them are given
in Table 2.. Columns 4 and 5 of this table contain topocentric values of
optical libration in longitude and latitude. Column 6 gives the radius of
the Moon taken from Ast,ronomicheskiy Yezhegodnik =SSR (Astronomical Year-
book of the USSR) and burdened by the parallax. Column 7 gives the charac-
teristic of the photographic density of the negative. In Column 8 the
measured limb of the Moon is indicated by Z (western) and V (eastern). The
method of ob,_e~ u?ations with use of the automatically moving plate holder
was described by us in an earlier work [ 5 1.
In processing photographs of the Moon, the detezm.ination of the scale
of the plates plays an important role. For this purpose, we especially
investigated the relation of the scale of the plates to the temperature of
the astrog;raph. This relation is presented graphically in Figure 2. The
results obtained permit determining the scale of every plate according to
the astrograph temperature during the time of observation and according to
the fecal scale reading. It should be noted that, photography, as a rule,
was done strictly by a focus with an acclxra.y to 0.1-0.2 iilm. This was
achieved thanks to the use of data from a special astrograph investigation
[ 6 ].
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
For revealing, the infJ.uunco Of photographic irradiation on the results,
the relation of the Moon'n radiuu to the density of the photographic image
on the plate was inveutigatud. The investigation ruaulta show that there
is a alight influence, of the denuity of the negative on the magnitude of
the rr.(Uuu and it uhould be excluded 113). Thin excl.uoion we make airnu:I.-
tanuouoly with the determination of the libratiori coefficient, introducing
an additional term in the conditional equationu.
Plate meajuremcnto were made on the KIM-3 meauuring machine by the
Hayn method. Vector radii of limb points were measured from the technical
origin of the coordinates (the mark close to the center of the Moon)
through 60 on a positional circle. Thus, in each plate, measurements on
26-30 vector radii were made. The values of vector radii are free from
the influence of differential refraction whereupon conditional equations
of the following type were constructed:
x coo Pi i Y sin Pi - Aro = RIO- ri
(2)
where x, y are coordinates of the mark, Pi is the positional angle of the
limb point, J ro is the correction to the ephemeridal radius resulting
from the observations, RIO is the ephemeridal radius burdened by the paral-
lax, ri are the measured vector radii.
The number of equations corresponds to the number of measured vector
radii. From equations (2) the values x, y and 4 ro are found by the method
of least squares. The average error in determining the Moon's radius by our
plates is +0.''37.
The solution of the system of equations (2) corresponds to the finding
of the most likely circumferen-:e, which, by the best manner, coincides with
the measured points of the Moon''s limb. Corrections for the nonuniformity
of the limb to avoid systematic errors were not introduced.
For investigating the libration effect, we selected and solved a 61
system with measurements on the western limb of the Moon and a h+l system
with measurements on the Moon's eastern limb. In view of the fact that as
a result of the solution of these systems of equations similar unknowns are
obtained with weights of the same order and approximately identical accuracy,
we assigned to them weight in relation to the quality of the negative (sharp-
ness of the Moon's limb). For perfect negatives, a weight of 1.00 was used,
for good - 0.75 for satisfactory - 0.50.
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
((1vuii Lii T.tb.tu 3 ;.slid ,'ut;ua.nud 1'.vow the :;i,at.tti',t,
?L' (W idle i.tI" in o cumi)L,L'ud ti:LLit .Libr&ttaun .1.i1 Lltc J;u.l?i.uwl.u(; ntcttu,,:i .
'L'lu: L'l, i. 11,'4in,: rt::LtLLLM,n ttau uuut,1Lt:
i t
..t + L) c, + : X , -f. dD e p r?
.1 Lt i.Lud,
ttlt,.r ~~ :.trld c, r hruu,.:uL tulu,cuut'ric c_,pt.LCL i. .I.1brLLtion in
and .L,,nV.L l,tulu, D I.u the durtu:l.L.y c.,l' thu nugat:i.vu; the terra dD iG intro-
ducud for uxu.I.ud:Llr(; the ru.latiun of tltu rttdiuc to the dcnu:Lty of the nu(;u-
ti.vu.
The :;u.l ution of cquutiurts (3) by thu muthod of lcaut ?;cluarus, Guparatc:Ly
for thu vuotarn crud uaoturn lilnb, taking into account the w2 1&t, gave the
1'(.).1.1u iLnU, results
U ru = -0" .0'(f + 0" 039 P' U -- 0" .039 ~ o + 0". 45D
? 99 ? 1.9 ?20 420
ro = 4 o".631. - 0" .000 P/ 0 + 0" .072 T 0 t 0" .009D.
? 229 4 50 4 62 4 8
(5)
Lvidcntly, the relation of the Moon's radius to liberation, according to
our observations, is revealed and it occurs in rather favorable agreement with
the resultG obtained from other series.
Convinced that our series of photo;raphic observations confirm the
presence of the libration effect in thr. radius, we, by these same observations,
chucked a model of the figure of the Moon suggested by A. A. Yakovkin.
In the model mentioned, the presence in the region of the south pole of
a plateau of variable thickness is assumed. In this connection of the limb of
the :Lunar disc is described by a curve with two parameters:
R = Ro + a cost P; a = 0 with 2700 L P < 900 (6)
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
''Pliuu, thy. ri0L'tthu.rrl part ul' thu Muu-L' a :Cigw a IL; a humisplruru with a
rad Lus Ito, and cuatuv cuiricidinf with thc cuntur of the maso. The
so_>uthurii part of the 1':L uru Lu prauticr.L:l..ly a sua:Lcilipcoid with ccmiaxcc
Rt and R() 4 a. Interuut ra:Lues the quuction us to what extent this model
uat:Lofieo the obucrvationc. We did not find such a direct verification in
the literature. It Is known only from thu works of A. A. Yukovkin that this
mudcl, according to indirect data, is probably not very far from the truth.
On the basic of muaourcd vector radii of pointu of the limb systems of
conditional equations of the following type were constructed:
X coo Pi 4 Y sin Pi - A Ro - U cost Pi = R'0 - ri
a 0 with 2700 Pi C 90o
(7)
where X and Y are coordinates of the work relative to the center of
the most probable circumference which, in the best manner, coincides with
the points of the limb of the northern part of the lunar disc, L R0 is
the correction to the cphemcridal radius giving the radius of the: northern
part of the disc, a is the thickness of the supplemental layer in the
region of the south pole. From the solution of these systems X, Y, p R0 and
a were obtained.
The appearance of libration effects in the parameters 6 R0 and a,
given in columns 3 and 4 of Table 3, occurred simultaneously with the appear-
ance of libration effects in the locality of the center of the figure rela-
tive to the center of the mass of the Moon. For this, the differences
X - x and Y - y were constructed. These differences, constructed according
to the results of solutions of the equation systems (2) and (7), are the
coordinates of the center of the figure relative to the center of mass of the
Moon which, according to the given model, coincides with the center of the
northern hemisphere.
For determining coefficients of libration effects systems of conditional
equations of the type in (3), whose right side consisted of the values
Lj R0, a, X-x, Y-y, were constructed. The solution of these equation systems
by the method of least squares gave the following results:
for the western limb
U Ro 0".946 - 0".094 0 4 0".004 S' 0 4 0".054D
?172 ? 32 4 35 4 34
a 4 1".640 + 0".245 P1 o- 0".059 T 0- 0".023D;
4 281 4 53 4 58 1 56
- 13 -
(8)
(9)
CPYRGHT
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 ? CIA_RD1282-00141 R.000900360001-3
x- x - O" . c U2 - C)".100 11 u 4 U" . 0i_' J 4 U" . UJ Ull;
+:I.:I2 4 2.3 t 2J. 4 1(22
Y- Y = } 0".'(50 4 0".123. P/ o - o" . 03:L x 0 4 0" .002]);
? 1.52 ? 29 4. 3.1. + 30
o 4 U" .(A 5D;
A Ro = - 011.001 - 011.3)30W o + 0".040I
4 248 .J 51[ a 67 4 9
a t o".8/7 , 0".678 ~~Io 4 0".106 4- O".00 4D,
t 562 + 3.22 t 151 + 20
X-x 0".296 - 0".275 r/o + 011.019) o - 0".001D;
4 163 4 35 + 44 ? 6
Y- 3r - O" .645 - 01f.284 o - 0" .028 o 4 0" . 0o8D .
?176 .?38 ?1+-7 t 6
An analysis of the relations (8) (15) makes it possible to conclude
that the libration effect in the Moon's radius is actually the result of
the presence in the region of the lunar south pole of the so-called great
relief .
(13)
(14)
(15)
Relying only on the results obtained in the work cited, it is impossible
to make more detailed conclusions on the details of this relief.
CPYRGHT
- 14 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 11ucauue the vaJ.ueu ^, BU and a are ueparatud. rather poorly, a model
of thu L.lguru of the' Moon can be construet'ud only in general outline. It
lu fully evident that in the J.iglit of thu reuulto obtained by us, the model.
proposed by A. A. Yakuvlcinn satisfies the observations rather well and ru-
quiruu only detailing and a inure precise duturminationi of parameters. In
the L'uturu, It is plan ned to use the results of a lnypsoinutric study of thu
Muon'u figure based on observations of the terminator.
The basic conc.l.uoinni from the results of the work cited concerns the
displacement of the center of the Moon'u figure relative to the center of
its mass. Actually, the relations (:IA), (11), and (lh), (15) directly in-
dicate how much the center of the Moon's figure is disp:laecd for one and
the other coordinate due to the presence of the great relief.
It can be considered fully proven that the existence of a constant
correction of the latitude of the Moon, 0".50 on the average, is accounted
for only in the presence of the: ai'orement;iunud .L c:l.ief . The difference ob-
tained by Markowitz LJ.1EJ of longitude of the Moon, inferred for the western
and eastern limb, aJ.so has its explanation in the presence of the great re-
lief. These conclusions made previously by Yakovkin from indirect data are
directly confirmed by our observations.
The results obtained by us will make it possible in determining the
coordinates of the Moon from limb measurements to allow to a certain extent
for the relative position of the center of the figure; and the center of
mass of the Moon. They will also serve as material. for further specifying
the figure of the Moon and constructing an average chart of the limb zone.
CPYRGHT
- 15 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 CPYR(lpproved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
1. A. Yakovkin, 1tudiua and Form of the Moon, 2X 111. En e1' gardt? astronom.
..._.___._....r
obu erv. ,, No 4, 193h.
2. A. A. Yakovkin, Constant Physical Librations of the Moon, Publik. Lhngel'-
gardt. astronom. observ., No 13, 1928.
3. F. Hayn, Selenographic Coordinates, Abh. IV, Leipzig, 1914.
4. I. V. Bel'kovich, Physical Libration of the Moon, Izv. Engel'gard.
astronom. observ.r No 24, 1949.
5. A. A. Yakovkin, I. V. Gavrilov, Automatic Plate-Holder for Photograph-
Ing the Moon and Method of Processing Moon Photographs, Izv? GAO AN USSR, Vol 1,
No 2, 20, 1955.
6. E. A. Gurtovenko, Investigations of the 400--mm Astrograph or the State
Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences Ukrainian SSR (GAO AN USSR),
Author's abstract of candidate's dissertation, Kiev, 1955.
7. A. A. Yakovkin, Experiment in Determining Constant Physical Libration
of the Moon Considering the Changes of Its Profile, Publik, Kiyev. astronom.
observ., No 3, 17, 1950.
8. A. A. Yakovkin, Libration Effect in the Radius and Inclination of the
Lunar Orbit, Publik. Kiyev, astronom. observ., No 4, 71, 1953.
9.. A. Yakovkin, General Characteristic of the Contour of the Moon, Trans.
of the Internat. Astronom, Union, Vol VIII, 229, 1952.
10. Sh. T. Khabibulin, Physical Libration of the Moon, Author's abstract of
doctoral dissertation, Leningrad, 1956.
11. V. K. Drofa, Determination of Constant Physical Libration of the Moon,
Author's abstract of candidate's dissertation, Kiev, 1955?
12. A. A. Nefed'yev, Physical Libration of the Moon, Izv. Engel'ard~t,
astronom. observe, No 26, 1951.
13. I. V. Gavrilov, On the Relation of the Moon's Radius to the Density of
the Negative in Photographic Observations, Astronom. tsirk. AN SSSR, No 175, 1956.
14. W. Markowitz, R. Hall, S. Edelson, Ephemeris Time from Photographic
Position of the Moon, Astronom. Journ., 60, No 5, 171, 1955? (Kiev, Mezhduna-
rodnyy Geofizicheskiy God, Informatsionnyy Byulletin; No 1, 1958, pp 79-89)
- 16-
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
hJakuutov on instruments at Pulkovo
U. U. MukuuLov, Corresponding, Member of the Academy of Sciences USSR and
chief of' the Division of Astronomical Instrument Building at Pulkovo, describes
some of the instruments and the work on their development at the Main Astronomi-
cal Ubservutory, Academy of Sciences USSR, in an n rLiclc entitled "Pulkovo
Today, for New Discoveries."
Large telescopes and a variety of auxiliary apparatus are necessary for
modern astronomical investigations and deeper penetrations into the secrets of
the universe. The larger the telescope, says Maksutov, the greater the possi-
bility for new discoveries. At present the Division of Astronomical Instrument
Building at Pulkovo is working on the largest telescope in the world. Its mir-
ror has a diameter of 6 meters. This is more than that of the famous Palomar
telescope in the US, which has a diameter of 5 meters. For the production and
investigation of the mirrors of large telescopes a compensation method- was
developed by Maksutov. This method provides for a great economical effect, a
reduction of costs and of production time.
CPYRGHT
In creating new telescopes, the workers of the division devote much atten-
tion to the perfection of the most important detail, the main. mirror.
"Since 1911," says Maksutov, "I worked over the meniscus systems. The
meniscus is a lens which is located inthe converging cluster of rays not far
from the focus. Because of this it was possible to reduce the measurements of
the lens and the telescope."
A number of such instruments are already in use at Pulkovo, Abastumani,
and other observatories. Expeditionary telescopes (AZT-7) which are found in
the expeditions of the Pulkovo observatory operating in the USSR for investi-
gating the astroclimate with the aim of selecting the place for the installa-
tion of the future great telescope are also equipped with meniscus lenses.
These portable telescopes have small dimensions together with great power. A
meniscus expeditionary telescope with a mirror diameter of '140 millimeters
and an over-all length of only 25 centimeters was built recently by the shops
of the Pulkovo observatory.
Maksutov reveals that the Russkiye Samotsvety Plant has begun issuing
meniscus school telescopes with his system and also long-distance telephoto
meniscus systems for mirror cameras.
At present the observatories are being used for the perfection of these
systerfis. In addition to this, they are working on the development of a camera
for artificial earth satellite observations which uses the meniscus system.
The manufacture of a whole series of such cameras is planned. According to
calculations these will have a 1:1.4x lens, an opening of 0.5 meter, and a
mirror diameter of 1.25 meters.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
Another Facet of the work at Pulkovo is connected with the use of metallic
mirrors in telescopes. Glaso is the most nuitable material for optical mirrors,
but, 'since it is a poor con(Auc%.or or heat, changes in the shape of the mirror
surface arise with heating. The larger the mirror and the temperature gradient,
the greater the distortion. The quality of metallic mirrors in this respect is
incomparably higher.
Investigations on the use of automatic star followers for telescopes are
being conducted by a group of workers at the observatory under N. N. Mikhel'son.
This is achieved with the aid of electronic computers controlling the motion of
the telescope. (Nauka I Zhizn', No 6, Jun 58) pp 15-16)
Soviet Study on Scatter of Reflected Light in a Homogeneous Atmosphere
The article "The Effect of Horizontal Changes in the Albedo of.an Underly-
ing Surface on the Scattering of Light in a Homogeneous Atmosphere," by M. S.
Malenkevich, Institute of Physics of the Atmosphere, Academy of Sciences USSR,
recently, appeared in a late issue of a Soviet scientific periodical.
A method of calculating inhomogeneities of an underlying surface in the
theory of the scattering of light in cloudy media, previously proposed by the
author ["Calculation of the Inhomogeneities of an Underlying Surface in the
Problem of the Scattering of Light in the Atmosphere," Izvestiya Akademii Nauk
SSSR, Seriya Geofizicheskaya, No 5, 1957] is applied to the case of homogeneous
isotropically scattering atmosphere. The intensities and flows of radiation
at all levels and the changes of the function of the source and total albedo
with altitude over different parts of the underlying surface are calculated
for an albedo periodically changing along one of the horizontal coordinates,
(Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geofizicheskaya, No 8) Aug 58, pp 995-
1005)
Report on Fedchenko Glacier Ex edition of 1957
A report on the "Expedition of the Geographic Faculty [of Leningrad State
University] on the Fedchenko Glacier in the Summer of 1957" by Prof' 0. A. Droz-
dov, head of the expedition, appeared recently in a Soviet scientific periodi-
cal.
The Fedchenko Glacier is the object of allround investigations during the
IGY. Among the various groups conducting these investigations was the independ-
ent expedition of the Geographic Faculty of Leningrad State University, composed
of 18 men under Professor Drozdov.
- 18 -
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
The expedition undertook to orgunize meteorological observations at
the tongue, in the central part of' the glacier, and in the i'irn 'zone, and
Lo take part in microclimatic observations in the investigation of the
tributaries of the glacier and in hydrological and geornorphological inves-
tlgutions at the glacier's tongue and on the glacier itself.
Drilling conducted at the ),88O-meter level (altitude) by Agashkin, a
worker of the Institute of Geography, Academy of Sciences USSR, produced
some very intereoting results. -At a depth of one meter the firn was moist
and its temperature raised 'to 0 degrees. These temperatures showed
little change down to 10 meters.
Winds on the upper part of the glacier were found to be rather strong
and constantly driving down the snowdrifts. The direction of the wind is
almost entirely from the south, that is, down the glacier. The strongest
winds are observed in the morning after sunrise but before the sunlight
reaches the glacier.
A system of valleys and depression which are favorable for the passage
of winds from Central Asia cause the almost constant presence of unusual
lenticular-type clouds over the Tanymas River valley.
Another reason for westerly winds in this region is the enormous area
of ice formation in the region of Fedchenko Glacier and the practically
bare plateau of Eastern Pamir.
The expedition compiled an album of high-mountain clouds according
to data obtained in the Lastern Pamir and the upper part of the Fedchenko
Glacier. Hydrological observations on the water discharge of the glacier
were conducted.
A comparison of a survey of 1933 with the 1957 survey made by the
expedition made it possible to determine the glacier's recession for'thebe
years. For this period the glacier receded 280-300 meters, during which
the recession, judging from the moraine, was uniform.
Materials obtained by the expedition are now being processed. (Vest-
nik Leningradskogo Universiteta, No 12, Seriya Geologic i Geografii, No 2,
1958, pp 186-190)
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
Antarctic Ice llcconnaiusunce
Soviet polar pilots conduct regular aerial ice reconnaissance in the
Antarctic, Observations on ice conditions in the sea during the winter
are of great interest to scientists. On 30 July, an extensive ice re:con.?
nuissance flight was made with an 11-12 plane, piloted by V. M. Perov,
commander of the aerial detachment of the expedition, with the participa-
tion of Prof V. A. l3ugayev, chief of the aerial detachment, and the
hydrologists M. Izvekov and V. Lebedev. The plane set its course for an
ice island, or iceberg, located north of the Shackleton Shelf Ice, from
where the plane went to the north up to the edge of the ice. The weather
during the flight was not very favorable. Low cloud formations forced
the plane down to the ice. The plane flew at an altitude of 200 meters,
occasionally rising to 1,200 meters.
Professor Bugayev conducted scientific observations of the air tem-
perature and humidity and the wind speed and direction. Fields of brok3n
ice with numerous icebergs stretched out below. Seals and penguins were
seen on the floating ice floes. The ice fields soon came to an end, and,
at a point with coordinates 60 37 S and 95 35 E, the water of the Indian
Ocean was free of ice. From here the plane took its course toward
Drygalski Island. and, after inspecting the island and exploring the east-
ern part of the fast ice of Davis Sea, the plane returned to Mirnyy.
On 1 August, the pilots made a flight over the western part of Davis
Sea, during which the hydrologists obtained valuable information on the
distribution of ice in that area. (Moscow) Sovetskiy Flot, 13 Aug 58)
Fourth Antarctic Expedition in Preparation
The Special Cormnittee for Antarctic Research recently passed a deci-
sion to organize new scientific stations on the coast and in the interior
of Antarctica; Preparations are now in progress for the Fourth Soviet
Antarctic Expedition,
At the same time, last-minute preparations are being lnade at the sta-
tion Sovetskaya for a very important oversnow traverse, i.e., to the pole
of relative inaccessibility. The distance from Sovetskaya to this point
is 700 kilometers, and the route passes over mountain ridges rising more
than 4,000 meters above sea level, across icy ravines and snow barriers.
At the completion of this traverse, a new Soviet station, Polyus Nedostup-
nosti (Pole of Inaccessibility), will be established. The organization
of this station will complete the main part of the program of the Third
Soviet Antarctic Expedition. At the same time, it will represent an impor-
tant stage in the solution of problems which will face the fourth expedition.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
Isecently the Arctic and Antarctic lnotitute In Leningrad, together
with expedition leaders, examined the plan of the new Antarctic expedi-
tion. In October the Lena, first ship of the fourth expedition, will
Leave from the E:aliningrad port. This ship has made the voyage to the
Antarctic several 'times. During previous trips, the Lena delivered its
passengers and cargo to Mirnyy, the principal Soviet base. The route of
the Lena on` its forthcoming voyage will be changed, and the ship will
dock ut t1.(, coast of Queen Maud Land,! This will be the point of disembar-
kation fur the first staff members of a new Soviet station, to be named
after the famous Russian navigator, Mikhail Lazarev. After landing a
group of geologists at the station Lazarev, the Lena will sail along the
coast of Antarctica to conduct oceanological research.
The Ob' will take a different route. It will' transport passengers
and cargo to M:Lrnyy and will then sail to the western part of the con-
tinent. Another Soviet scientific station will be opened there, on the
coast of Bellingshausen Sea.
A third ship, the Feliks Dzerzhinskiy, will take part in the Fourth
Antarctic Expedition. This large, new Soviet ship, which is equipped for
navigating in the ice, will carry members of the continental expedition,
headed by A. G. Dralkin, Candidate of Geographical Sciences. Dralkin has
worked for 20 years in northern latitudes and has participated twice in
the work of the drift station Severnyy Polyus-#.
The new continental expedition has a difficult task to perform. For
the first time in the history of Antarctic exploration, almost 6,000 kilo-
meters of ice plateau will have to be crossed. The Soviet explorers plan
to complete this traverse in It months. The starting point of the expedi-
tion will be the station Vostok. All the necessary equipment will be
delivered to this point ahead of time. From Vostok, the members of the
expedition will head toward the south geographic pole. From there, via
the pole of relative inaccessibility, the party will head for the coast
of Qu? n Maud Land, where they will meet with the members of the new
Soviet station Lazarev.
The continental expedition will consist of four truck-tractors. A
Pingvin oversnow vehicle, which has easy maneuverability and has already
proved itself in the Antarctic, will travel at the head of the column.
This will be used as a "reconnaissance vehicle."
Most of the equipment and the expedition members will be transported
by three truck-tractors) specially built for this expedition. So far
these caterpillar vehicles have no official name, but they have already
been nicknamed "Bogatyri." They are not only scientific laboratories, but
comfortable field living quarters, each one having a bedroom, workroom,
and kitchen. (Moscow, Pravda, 14 Sep 58)
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
Nl~Lns Car. New Soviet; 11.ntur.?c:tic Exrre di-ti.or; 'tnd StFJ.tionG
During their scientit.'i(~ cxpe1iti.on across; the Antarctic continent in
1.956-1951, Soviet explorers will pc,:1 G three poles, the south geomagnetic
pole, pole of relative inaccessibility, and south geographic pole. The
cont;tnentul expedition will begin at the end of 1.958, from Mirnyy, a,.-Id
will be concluded, after a temporary layover, during the summer season of
1959 on the coast of Queen Maud hand, in the area of the new station Laza-
rev. This station will be established at about the 10th degree of eastern
longitude, between the Norwegian and Belgian antarctic bases.
The USSR Antarctic Expedition will organize other new station: on the
coast of Bellingshausen Sea and at the "pole of relative inaccessibility."
The existing station Sovetskaya will remain at its present location.
Aerial reconnuissunce has shown that the expeditionary party, which will
travel to the pole of relative inaccessihtlity, will have to cross the
highest regions of the continent. The station at this pole will be sit-
uated 700 kilometers nearer to the south geographic pole than Sovetskaya.
Instead of the originally planned transantarctic traverse, the new
interior expedition is to be carried out in the form of a huge triangle,
the sharp angle of which will be located at the south geographic pole.
In connection with the wishes expressed by representatives of the
Polish Academy of Sciences concerning their participation in antarctic
explorations with Soviet polar scientists, the details of such cooperation
with the Polish colleagues are now being discussed.
As in previous years, the expeditions of the Soviet Union and of the
US will have an exchange of scientists. (Moscow, Izvestiya, 14 Sep 58)
New Interdepartmental Antarctic Commission Formed
The Presidium of the Academy of Sciences USSR has formed an Inter-
departmental Antarctic Commission in Moscow (Mezhduvedomstvern1.Vi Antarkti-
cheskuyu Komissiyu) which will act in international organizations in the
capacity of a Soviet National Antarctic Committee. (Moscow) Izvestiya,
14 Sep 58)
Report From Station Komsomol, skaya
The polar night in Antarctica came to an end in mid-August. The tem-
perature is rising slowly; at present it rarely drops to minus 70 degrees
centigrade, and is usually about minus 60 degrees centigrade.
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
 Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3
On 10 September, after a 6-month interval, the first plane piloted by
Perov, commander of the aerial detachment, arrived at Komsomol'skaya from
Mirnyy. The plane dropped cargo and, after circling the station, returned
to Mirnyy. The cargo included scientific instruments, as well as fresh
vegetables, and even fresh fish caught with fishing rods near Mirnyy;
(Moscow, Izvestiya, 16 Sep 58)
Scientists to Continue Work in Antarctic After IGY
In view of the great importance of scientific research in the Antarc-
~ic, scientists of many countries have decided to continue the study of
Antarctica, after the conclusion of the IGY. A Special Committee for Ant-
arctic Research was formed to coordinate the Activities of scientists.
This committee has worked out a plan for the further study of Antarctica.
At the Moscow conference of the committee, it was recommended to the
interested countries that new scientific stations be established in the
coastal region of West Antarctica, between Ross Sea and Graham Land, on
Wilkes Land, and Queen Maud Land, as well as a number of interior stations
and island stations.
In accordance with these suggestions, the plan of the Fourth Soviet
Antarctic Expedition was prepared, which is to be carried out by the Arc-
tic and Antarctic Institute in cooperation with other scientific institu-
tions of the USSR. A. G.'Dtalkin, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, a
well-known polar explorer, will. be the chief of the new expedition.
Soviet scientists intend to reach a final solution to the question
of whether Antarctica is actually a continent or an archipelago of islands
buried under the cover of ice. For this purpose, measurements of the ice
cover between the station Vostok and the south geographic pole are to be-
gin during 1958.
In October-November 1958, the station Sovetskaya is to be moved to
the location of the pole of relative inaccessibility, i.e., about 700 kilo-
meters to the southwest.
Two new Soviet scientific stations are to be established in places
recommended by the Special Committee for Antarctic -Research: one on Queen
Maud Land in East Antarctica, and the other on the coast of Bellingshausen
Sea in East Antarctica. These new stations will be named after the Russian
navigators, Bellingshausen and Lazarev.
All other Soviet antarctic continental stations, except Pionerskaya,
which will be closed in January, will continue to operate. (Moscow,,Sovet-
skiy Flot, 28 Aug 58)
- 23 - USCOMM-DC-55081
Approved For Release 1999/09/08 : CIA-RDP82-00141 R000200360001-3