INFORMATION ON SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICAL COOPERATION -- 1960

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00141R000201310001-7
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 16, 1999
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: August 12, 1960
• Content Type: REPORT

13~.6~~--131-.
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BLOC INTERNAT I ANAL GEOP.HYS I CAL: ~ZOoPERAT I Off
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IJ
PB ]31632_131
1960
'Ct*TION 017 SOVIET BLOC INTERNATIONAL OEOMSICAL COOPERATION -
August 12, 1960
D. S. Department of Comoros
Business and Defense Services Administration
Office of Teohnieal Services
Washington 25, D. C.
Published Weekly
Subscription Price 512.00 for the 1960 Series
Use of funds for printing this publication has been
approved by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget, October 28, 1959
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I RMU-CIN ON IlIPERNATIONAL OEOPMICAL C00 r iATI~_
BOVII'P-BLOC ACTIYITIBB
Tab Is or Co tento
I. )bteceo1 r
1
II. OeoMPetia^
5
III. Oceanograp1
7
IV. Betsao1c r
9
Arctic and Antarctic
10
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I. MEi'EOROLOOY
The Work of the Odessa Aerological Station Described
The following paragraphs are a summarization of a 1 1/2 page
article recently appearing in Meteorologiya 1 Oidrologiya:
The aerological observation group at the Odessa kydrometeoro-
logical Observatory makes thrice-daily soundings of the atmosphere for
the collection of data on wind and temperature. The teams of workers
consist of four specialists and to insure efficiency the personnel of
each team is kept constant. The distribution of labor among team mem-
bers in described.
The height reached by the sounding equipment is regarded as an
important factor and this height depends to a considerable extent on
the manner in which the balloon's envelope is prepared. The procedure
for treating and handling the envelope is described.
The envelope is examined for its external appearance (uneven
thickness at the ribber, the presence of cracks, spots, etc. After
this the envelope is placed in a thermostat for 6 to 8 hours at a tem-
perature of 704800. - It is periodically turned for even heating. After
heating the envelope is immersed in kerosene. In the summer season,
when the temperature of the kerosene is 20-300, the time it is held in
the kerosene is 3 to 6 minutes; this gives 6 to 10$ saturation in rela-
tion to the initial weight of the envelope. In the winter se"On, when
the temperature of the kerosene is 10-200, the envelope is hold in the
kerosene for 10-15 minutes and is saturated 25-30$.
The kerosene-treated envelope is dried a little and stared at a
temperature of 25-350 in summer for 1 cc 2 days and in winter for 3 to
5 days. It should be noted that the optimum time for treating an en-
velope not be determined experimentally for each consignment of en-
velopes.
The envelope is filled with cold hydrogen until attaining a lift-
ing force of about 1.9 kg (for envelope No. 100) or 2.2 kg (for No. 150).
It should be remembered here that the ceiling that can be reached when
using envelope No, 150 is 2.2.5 km higher than with envelope No. 100.
Unfortunately No. 150 envelopes are very rarely available at the sta-
tion.
The competence of the workers at the Odessa Aerological Station
has made it possible for the station to occupy second place in the aero-
logical net of the Ukrainian SSR In the first six months of 1958 and
first place in the Soviet Union in the second half of 1958. ("Experi-
ence of Work at the Odessa Aerological Station," by S. D. Artemenko and
I. N. llikolich, lleteorologlys i aidrologiyra, No. 6, 1960, pp. 31-32)
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Summa- of a Ukrainian Article on Hadar Observations of Than era orm
ecip itattiion
A radar set was used for observations of the distribution of
radio echoes with height in thundershowers. The radar receiver was
calibrated in such a way that the plan position indicator corresponded
to the values of sensitivity. Observations were made of showers situ-
ated at distances up to 35 km from the radar not at various heights
which were determined by the elevation of the antenna.
A carries of photographs was made at each altitude at different
gradations of the sensitivity of the receiver. On the basis of these
series of photographs vertical cross sections of the showers were drawn
cup the basis of the values for reflectivity in a plane perpendicular to
the direction from the radar set to the center of the shower.
Observations made in the summer of 1958 show that in the central
parts of thundershowers there is a decrease in reflectivity from the
maximum values by at least 3 to 5 times on descending to the earth's
surface. Such a sharp change in reflectivity with height is not ob-
served in the peripheral parts of thunderstorm precipitation. The re-
sults of the present observations are in agreement with results derived
at an earlier date by other radar methods.
To discover the physical processes which can lead to a change in
reflectivity by 3 to 5 time with height in the central parts of thunder-
stars showers we studied evaporation and the break-up of drops, the ac-
cumulation of drape at some level under the influence of rising currents,
and the thawing or 3nrge ice particles (graupel, hail). As a result it
was established that the evaporation of drops during falling only leads
to a relatively small change in their sizes and cannot be the explana-
tion for the observed change in reflectivity with height.
Rising air currents can separate drops by height; this can lead
to the accumulation of a great number of drops at certain heights. How-
ever, in this case it would be necessary to assume that in the regions
of maximum change of reflectivity with height the rain at the earth's
surface should be light. This conclusion contradicts the results of
observations which indicate maximum intensity of precipitation in re-
gions of maxim us change in reflectivity.
Computations show that the break-up of drops can to some degree
cause the observed change of reflectivity with height. However, since
these computations were made on the assumption that all water passes
through the stage of break-up, which is improbable, the received values
are apparently too high. Consequently, we my assume that the process
of breaking-up of drops in itself is insufficient to explain the ob-
served distribution of reflectivity with height in thunderstorm sharers.
Prom an examination of the thawing of even relatively small hail-
stones (diameter 1 cm) we find that it can quantitatively fully explain
the observed change in reflectivity with height in thunderstorm showers.
Therefore the authors conclude that the principal processes causing a
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considerable change in reflectivity with height in thunderstorm ahowera
are the thawing of large particles of ice and the break-up of drops
which in falling have attAined their maximum sizes. ("The Structure of
Thunderstorm Showers Used on Data on the Distribution of the Intensity
of Radioechoes with Height," by L. M. Markovich and V. M. Muchnik,
Ukrains'kiy Tiziahnly Zhurnal, Vol. 5, No. 5, p. 268)
ontribute to V
eretandi
if 19 -01
A 4-page artielt, written by M. Ye. Irakhov of the Institute of
Geography of the Acadesp- of Sciences at the USSR, discusses the author's
observations and conclusions in respect to the regional climatology of
the parts of the Pacific traversed by the research vessel "Vityaz'."
The central part of the Pacific, he points out, is divided into
two subtr 2cal zones (one in the Northern and one in the Southern
Hemisphere), two tropical, two subequatorial and one equatorial zone.
The tropical belt is divided into two parts: that with variable winds
and that of the trades. In the subequatorial two there is an area
with a moist ch ate all year and an area with a moister suninar. The
equatorial and subtropical sages within the limits at the region studied
have not been subdivided cliaatically. In general these zones are ori-
ented eastlwest. This is due to the amount of solar heat received and
the general radiation balance at the earth's surface. Within the re-
gion investigated the radiation balance is positive (IOrakhov devotes
several paragraphs to the radiation balance and total radiation of the
region studied; he supplies no amps, graphs or tables to support his
paper).
In respect to radiation and temperature conditions, he continues,
there is a considerable difference between the zone of subtropical cli-
ate on the one band and the belt of tropical, subequatorial and equa-
torial climates an the other. In climatic respects the tropical belt
is by no means homogeneous and is subdivided; the boundaries deviate
in any places from their general east-vest orientation. The author
spends several paragraphs in giving the rather classic explanations for
this.
Ia the tropical zone, where the maps show trades, the Vityaz' at
longitude 1740 W found that westerly winds were dominant; these, of
course, are opposite or nearly opposite to the direction at the tradez.
Igrakhov accounts for this phenosrnon and spends some time in discussing
the seasonal characteristics, statistical recurrence, and areal occur-
rence at westerly winds in the study area. The author feels that the
question of the existence of a more or less constant westerly air flow
aloft the equator is still unanswered and merits further investigation
(this paper by Lyi khov represents an important contribution, although
scarcely a definitive one, to the literature on this subject).
In the region at the trades a trade-wind inversion was discovered.
Its lower boundary was situated at a height of 1 to 2 km above the sur-
face of the ocean; this represents a comfirnation of other observations
rather than a new discovery.
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After discussing the cloud cowry and cloud types associated with
this inversion, there is ration of "breaks" in this inversion, with
the observation that they occur for the most part over islands or near
then. This is followed by a discussion of the reasons for the decrease
in precipitation in the tradervind two.
A number of paragraphs are devoted to a discussion of the inter-
tropical sons, of convergence. Its nowt northerly position is in August
when its axis passes approximately along 100 N. It occupies its ex-
treme southerly position in Februarys Between 1730 s and 1740 W the
axis of the intertropical sons of convergence is approaisate]y along
150 8 (in February). But to the east of 1500 W it is situated in the
Northern Keaispbere throughout the year.
The author notes in conclusion that the activity of the inter-
tropical some of convergence is the principal climite-forming process
in the general circulation of the atmosphere in the zones of subequa-
torial and equatorial climates. As a result of this activity there is
an exchange of air sasses between the two hemispheres, ("On the Charac-
teristics of the Climatic Zones of the Central Part of the Pacific
Ocean," by M. Ye. IIakhov, Isvestiya Akedemii Nauk 8888, 8eriya Oeo-
grafichesk aye, 1s,. 3, 1901 pp? 71-74)
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II. 0901 AMMSM
_ the 1 loon of the Tunaueloa Meteorite
The following is a full translation at a Russian article on still
another aspect of the Tuaitrloe neteaeite $
The authors have made an attempt to explain the influence on the
geompletic field at the flight of the 2hugushe meteorite of 1908. At
ow request copies at magnetograme for the period 25 Jhne-5 July 1908
vere kindly sent to us by observatories and geophysical stations in
1lexico City, Cairo, Dublin, lledyascar, OoLbra, Urbanovo (Csechoslo-
akia j, Key and lleluouth (d land), and by the Danish *tecrological
Service,, the Institute at Oeophyaics in Paris, and the Irkutsk Jhgoetic
Observatory.
According to the data at the Mrkutsk Observatory, the magnetic
field on 29 Jbne 1908 vas slightly disturbed; however, during a 6 to 7
hors period directly preceding the falling of the meteorite it vu al-
nost calm. At 0024 hours mean Greenwich time, 7 minutes after the ex-
P108108, seismic data shots that the horizontal cc^ponent increased in
a sudden Jung to 4.4 Y (1 Y ? 10-5 e); it then continued to increase
and in 18 minutes increased by 20 Y noose, remaining at oppronimateljr
this sane level for the tollwiag 14 minutes. At 0056 hours a decrease
at 8 not in, coati ' iog until 0145 hews. In this period the hoeison-
tal, co^Qonent at the geomagnetic field decreased by 67 1'. There vas
then a gradual return to its normal level, continuing for several houz+.
The change in the vertical component at the geomagnetic field Z
in this sane period bears the character at a motive bay. The bay
Mme disturbance continued train 0094 hours to (900 bows. The arises
decrease at Z in this period vas observed to be 25.5 Yin respect to
the normal, undisturbed valve.
No changes in the behavior at magnetic declination were noted
during this period.
The above-neatIoned numerical data pertaining to the geoeagretic
field are close to the data given by Y. G. Ivanov (1).
On the basis at what has been said above, it may be "rand that
the explosion at the meteorite caused an unusual disturbance at the geo-
agnetic field, in part similar to a magnetic stern with sadden onset
but at exceptionally short duration.
An analysis at the magoetograme at other observatories has shovn
Unit they reflect no changes. This indicates that the magnetic dis-
turtance caused by the Tanguloa meteorite vas reflected in a relatively
limited area with a radius d no less than 950 he (Mrku tsk) and no awe
than 6,000 he (14banoeo), sw latter figure requires substantial re-
Moment.
We at once notice the similarity at the effects in the iecmmng-
vatic field after the explosion at the Tugusla meteorite and the high-
lewl nuclear explosions which took place an 1 and 12 August 1958 over
5 - CPYRGHT
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CPYRGHT
CPYRGHT
the pacific Ocean, near E10 ton Atoll (2). At the magnetic stations
uituated clone to the at- Honolulu, Palmer, Fanning, Jerr~.o and
Apia -- 1,300 to 3,000 ky, there woo noted a disturbance of the
gecnmgnetic field immediafter the explosions. At these stations
magnetic declination may egarded ao the H component), immediately
after the explosion, mar y a bright flauh, increased by 10 to 15 Y
in a sudden jump, then m lowly for a period of 13 minutes, increas-
ing by 20-35 Y. After t here was a rather rapid increase of X by
1.0 to 50 Y for a period to 20 minutes with a uubnequent slow
(about 2-hour) return to a normal level.
In the future the thorn hope to undertake: an attempt to explain
the effects mentioned abo .
The analogy between the Tunguska catastrophe and the high-level
explosions of nuclear bomb in the Pacific Ocean in 1958 in not ex-
haunted by mention of meal em^nto of the geomagnetic field. In both
cases there wan observed anomalou& intenoification of air glow,
having come similarity wi an aurora. however, both the scale and the
duration of thin glow in a two cacco are incommensurable.
In conclusion the thorn wish to express their deep gratitude
to all their colleagues at other geopUsical institutions who made
a ("On the C}to.-wagrotic Effo3t of thn ploy .on
of tho Tunguska PQeteorito'" by 0. F. 1'1.ua~ir~nov, A. F. K v,:i7.oskiy, V. Ko
5hur?alev and Z. V. Vao:t.l'yoo, }rircda (7)y pp. 236-2373
Litora turn
(1) Ivancv, K. a., Geomagnetic Phenomena Cbserv~d at the Irkutuk
Magnetic Observatory Due to the Explosion of the Tunguska Meteorite,
1960 (in manuscript).
(2) I taushita, S., Journal of Geophysical rceaearch, Vol. 64p
No. 9, p. 1149, 1959?
CPYRGHT
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III. OCI ANCGRAPI{!
New '1 pe of Wave Graph Tested Near Sochi
.r r.rr rr_-rr
A new instrument in being tested in the open sea not far from the
port of Sochi; it was developed, by associates of the New Technology
laboratory of the Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute
(AANII). This AANII wave graph is designed for the measurement and re-
cording of forma of waves. It is equipped with a short-wave radio trans-
mitter which transmits signals about the shapes and amplitudes of waves
to a special receiving apparatus installed on shore.
The data transmitted by the instruments considerably facilitate
the reatarch and exploration usually conducted before the construction
of engineering works offshore. ("Sea Waves Recorded by Instrument,"
Rkonomicheokaya Gazeta, 29 June 1960, p. 4)
Description of the Soviet Wave Graph GM-16
A recently received issue of Meteorol a i Gidrol iyn contains
a 1,300 word article describing the newly developed GM-16 wave graph,
now in standard production after successful tests at sea, especially in
the Caspian and aboard the Antarctic research vessel "Ob'."
The GM-16 is an electric, remote-control instrument designed for
the recording of the heights and periods of waves; it may be used by
ships that are at e:nchor or are slowly drifting.
The wave graph has the following principal units a) a pressure
receiver with comparator; b) a floater; c) a control panel; d) a re-
corder -- a high-speed automatic potentiometer; e) a hand reel with
400 m of cable.
Use of this instrument shows that it can be used for the was
urement of waves from a vessel under severe oceanic conditions. The
principal difficulties have been in the lowering of the apparatus from
shipboard and in lifting it back aboard and the snapping of the cable.
Recommendations are nade to facilitate the lowering and raising of the
unit and for preventing the breaking of the cable. ("Work Experience
with the GM-16 Wave Graph," by V. A. IWubanskiy and V. G. Mertsalov,,
Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, No. 6, 1960, pp. 32-34)
Ip o ,tints fcr the Measurement of the Velocity and_ ion of Marine
Currents
The J1 ne 1960 issue of Meteorolonlya, i Gidrolcaiya contains a
3-page article devoted to several instruments used by Soviet researchers
for the measurement of the speed and direction of marine currents from
shore; the article is accompanied by diagrams of the instrumennts. The
formulae used in this method are also provided. ("The Measurement of
the Direction and Velocity of Marine Currents from.Shore," by M. P.
Chernyshev, Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, No. 6, 1960, pp. .35-37)
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Soviet Oceanographic Ship in Monaco CPYRGHT
The Soviet oceanographic ship, the Academician 8. Vavilov, has
been tied up at Monaco since 4 July after a 15-day voyage from Odessa.
The Soviet laboratory ship had telegraphed the Monaco Oceanographic
Museum announcing its arrival and Ito desire to exchange information
with Comander Coueteau and the crew of the Calypso. ("Soviet Oceano-
graphic Ship in Monaco," Wrneille, La Maroeillaiae, 6 July 1960, p. 1)
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IV. SEL3MOL00Y
ueinmic Data Reveal Nature of the k7arth'a Crust Under the Black Sea
An article in a Russian periodical discloses that the Black Sea
perimental Scientific Research Station of the Institute of Oceanology
of the Acadeny of Sciences of the USSR conducted regional seismic re-
search in the Black Sea in 1957-1958 to the southwest, south and south-
east of the Crimean Peninsula for the purpose of studying the structure
of the Earth's surface. men profiles with a total length of about
1,000 km were processed.
The profiles, passing into the deep depression of the sea, re-
veal a relatively simple structure of the Earth's crust. Below the
floor of the sea there is a thick layer with a mean velocity of propa-
gation of seismic waves of about 3.0 km,/Nec; the researchers attributed
this to sedimentary rocks of a sandy-ciayey complex. The thickness of
this layer to the southwest of Crimea is 9-14 km, while in the central
part of the depression it is 8-12 km, The sedimentary layers are under-
lain by a layer with a velocity of 6.4-6.8 km/sec; this was attributed
to the basalt layer of the Earth's crust. The thickness of the basalt
layer in the investigated part of the deep depression varies from 6 to
18 km. The thickness of the Earth's crust here (including the water
layer) is 22 to 30 km. The typical granite layer was not encountered
in this area.
A sketch was drawn to indicate the depth at which the basalt
layer is situated in this region. This surface experiences a rise as
it approaches the Crimean Peninsula. Whereas in the central part of
the Black Sea the surface is situated at a depth of about 15 km, it
decreases to 10 km near Crimea. In t?re direction of Kerch Strait the
surface of the basalt layer drops down to a depth of about 20 km and
the thickness of the Earth's crust increases to 35-40 km.
A cowparisoo of the results received from seismic data and the
known results of investigations of the Earth's crust of the continents
and under the oceans shows that the Earth's crust under the deep de-
pression of the Black Sea differs substantially from bath the continen-
tal and oceanic types of crust. ("The Deep Structure of the Earth's
Crust Under the Black Sea on the Basis of Seismic Data," by Yu. P.
Neprochnov, Byulleten' Moekovskogo Obshchestva Ispytateley Prirody,
Otdel Geologicheskiy, No. 1, 1960, pi;. 119-120)
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Vo ARCTIC AND TTARCTIC
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Sovetskaya Aviatsiya, 8 Jul;; 1960, p. 4)
"Severnyy Po12is-8" Supplir.d by Air
Mookalenko Given Award for Arctic Fli ht Operations
The Beard of the Main Administration of the Civil Air 311eet has
given the award of Commander of Aviation Detachment to Comrade Moolca-
lenko for the aerial supplying and servt:ing of the high-latitude ex-
pedition "Sever-12."
The aviation detachment of the polar aviation service replaced
the personnel at the drift station "SP-8," found an ice field for a
new drift station "SP-9," and landed on' that floe both personnel and
everything they need for their life and work there. The aviators were
also charged with the conduct of a. series of geo raphic and oceano-
graph!.c observations; 'they set out automatic radiometeorological sta-
tions in the Central Polar Basin.
The. staff of the aviation detachment of the expedition "Sever-
12" worked in a harmonious and well-coordinated manner and completed
all assigned missions in the time allotted and without mishaps.
During the course of the expedition hundreds of tons of various
kinds of freight and many passengers were transported by aircraft. A
turboprop aircraft -- the AI.l0 -- (in its freight-carrying version)
was used for the first tire; it repeatedly landed at the drift station
"SP-$."
For the excellent accompl.ohment of their respective missions
Colonel-General of aviation Iaginov, Chief of the Main Administration
of the Civil Air Fleet, away icd 15 de;,ach^ . t, members the medal of
"Bbccellent Worker of the Air Fleet.," the Diplom of the Air Fleet to
49 other men, and valuable presents to 5 others. Among those receiving
awards were Commander of Aviation Detachment Moelcalenko and the airmen
Vasil'yev, Bardyshev, Utyashev, Maslov, Serdyuk, Sokolov, Mal'kov,
Ii'in, Yefimov, Pitonov, and others. ("For Flights in the Arctic;"
"An air raft of the polar aviation service landed at the drift
station 'Seve yy Polyus-8' on 21. J?.i1;y after a long pericA of inac-
tivity at that airdrome. The plane was pilot.?d by the ai.: !z n Ivanov.
He delivered 1 tters, newspapers, magazines, movie films, fresh fruit
and other arts lee to the men stationed there. Before imking this
flight the p' a-aaniglista on the drift sta-
tion 'SP- .'" ("Flight to the Drift Station," Sovetskaya Aviatsiya,
13 July 19 ,p.4)
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Ileporto from Avt4rc 4c Stations
The following information was supplied to the Informato ion
Byulletenl. of the Soviet Antarctic i?3cpedition (No. 12 by A. 0. Dral in,
Chief of the Fourth Continental ilcpedition; the reports cover the month
of June 1959:
Mirnyy Observatory:
Aerometeoroloaical work: In June the mean values at the earth's
ourface were: atmospheric pressure 987.2 mb; air temperature - 150;
wind velocity 14.4 m/sec; relative humidity 806. Over-all cloud cover
wus 5.2. The average height reached by radiosondes was 16,260 m.
During the course of the month air temperature varied from - 3.80 to
- 27.4?. There were 27 days with snow storms; precipitation totaled
67 ate. A total of 56,468 tons of snow were transported along a 1 km-
long, 3.5 m-high shore line during the period 20 to 30 June.
Zonal circulation predominated in June in the Indian Ocean sec
for of Antarctica. In the beginning of the first and in the course of
the second 10-day period low atmospheric pressure was noted in the vi-
cinity of Mirtyy; this was caused by the filling of the cyclones which
approached the coast. An easterly wind prevailed in the troposphere.
Westerly jet streams periodically appeared in the lower stratosphere;
this was evidence of the movement of cyclones from went to east along
the northern periphery of the coastal cold low. In the second 10-day
period a powerful anticyclone formed in the subtropical zone; its cen-
tral part was situated in Mackenzie Gulf. A stable southerly jet
stream was observed in the troposphere and lower stratosphere with a
wind velocity greater than 70 m/sec. This stream, predominantly south-
werterly, was caused by the southeasterly periphery of the anticyclone.
The jet stream extended to the Vostok station. The tropopause rose by
6.2 km and attained an altitude of 14 lam.
A compression inversion was noted in the lower troposphere in
the 13 km layer; its vertical thickness varied in the range of 0.5-1 :?.
A near-surface inversion was also observed -- on individual days it at-
tained 700 m.
The air temperature in the initial period of the formation of
the atmosphere dropped by 80; then, with an intensification of the wind
during clear weather, there was a tendency far the temperature to rise.
The mean wind velocity at this time was 20 m/sec, with individual gusts
exceeding 30 =sec. On some days the density of the transported snow
was so great that visibility was zero.
Geoplysical research: The magnetic field was relatively calm
during the month. A small storm was noted on 11 June; some increase
in activity was observed an 15-16 and 27-29 June. In comparison with
May there was an especially narked decrease in activity during the day-
time hours.
The ionosphere was calm. Small disturbances were noted on 11,
14 and 15 J1me. A period of full absorption set in an 11 June after a
BHT
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normal incrcaec Si tc3'1t;.CUl rretluf'ttc".ir(i; tt!10 t o:)tiizr e t.llat to
1200 tt011rd. Yet t:>v :t+Abtlc?slucnt :;.r>u?-3 1c.gtt:.r; still
ith deVe .opr.i .1t, cctntlt-ut 1 ttorn ill/. AG ;:nrrt? r~~utt one J~4 J;.t;c tlv:k4` bc,-
gatt a nhutrp ;tic ,tn mittimu.r ::cnttrttci~t.~. ~r ~iri~r tiLat,tr-st.'.oti vat, eta-
nerved bcturen 20(X) nouru on 14 Juno =1 t.Kit:K't ac.tro on ttt: rol].i iIII
day. An incrc'ane ir uiin;'.,=i fre::ltatjtxieco vuti teia:y timed ost 16
.1tut~.
During the entire maonth tae y2 l+aytn,.r wrur, t1i1'ru * -- S,tt< c.r.i ca.e. fro-
quencieu dirt not exceed 10.11 tilt":. '1", ' P1 1rtyt: -6zt' a.ba,1nt.
d'it'ty-f ;ve ittdi v1auzi cctt ;h:.lutt tita rccordtd ir...i*ute?;
central dirtt tncec wo:.a dettrtu:st d : ttr U. Y. t1"On. 0i ;! h?r:ctp the tii t
active da;', 10 earthgitr.ltcs war( c^,twr1 A a , ~.. .
?:1; '.'' ';.,~. at- wit c c cr.. ~.. werl 1t J
the Wa ih?ilt;tu1 bulletin.
At the end of the !Tenth there wun o. n.rti,r.~.r ult? i.'tcYouae ,ir the
amcxutt of h1gh-trtrgtv~ncy o to tr .c; thit2 uvly' Ir::,crttairi~~ extrrm'J.,j tl,i1'f 1-
cult. Thin xtatic !,tta ;li'cbu'.,1,y u~juovi.nte-l >,?irh tlui +ttioc.er+o or r41.rnitti..
tion of Icebergs iui'.l crc? coou 1??. :h:r cont!.iinto1 ;t ",
4:rtc:iolog.lcn.l retwarn.h: t ftc~r'~*tt,iontt Werc% beg' of the test'eru..-
ture regimr' of thc, ahe]J icr:. 1110-t'tvr_ iti.r. et:'t;ctural oxAlyner vrcre
Made of the thel-O ice.
I rte op tyr+S.ca1 renearc.h: On 2. Jtw* the thi c u:rta of the Iytcie
ice was menourett al-Ong a arc." alght:.lirc.
Besueten 23 and 24 .?/1t wr the-&-t.- ' ao a c oL ttpae of the b w.t: ier to
the east of Cape 14umx; an a result P. grog tunouvt if .the tumbler. into
the cea and several icebergs were i'cr d. Teti coiL.tpet: and the wave
which it caused partially deat.Moye.i the ahe f ice; hu'i oc} ridVet ap-
peared wnicb locally were over 2 m ld gh. D:iackr of bottom ice appeared.
on the au:-face in the .one of the ct.1]1a 'ie. In t.tte period that followed
there waa f rther collapse, but to 9 um:t.11er degree.
In Jane .he mean v .iaes at, the 3"t~??tl:tt+ surface wr:r e : atmonpheric
preuaare 623-8 wc,; air temperature - 663? wirxt vel(x-It,y 4.9 m/at ;
relative humidity ".3%; to %erutu?e of the anav surf ice ?? $6.7o. Over-
all elcradjtnesa 4.2. Air tew:ratu.e 'wuript: frtxa - 5;;,,70 to 7