INTERNAL WATERWAY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R001000340003-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 21, 1998
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: October 24, 1947
• Content Type: IR

CENTRAL I" L .U E OOU 121321
COUNTRY US$
SUBJECT Zntunaa3. Wate:
25X1A6a
ORIGIN
25X1X6
25X1 A6a
DIST. , ota iv
P A33.S .
t..P'PLEMENY
ILs,, ma..1 theme: x :& s.y,.
Tc19a In .374 s 1.oic,Sn It haia aabOut 300 t ?: butta Rio ,, h a total
. of 0vo . 45s 0 tae The tot& o l, the ,c dam to tha. Volga
n r,
,watercourse Is S5J2 kims" Of the 17 a2"17 0 aria n ,v2 ab1s,,, i.
C3 i (1) the Val " with the O a Mowzm, , and the >yasb aa, (2)
~th . Kim, with the Y' aatk ,, the Bela a, and the r 3, a, (3) th1401044t,
h$ stromaa U Aa Sura, and.VoUnga , ,' the 2 631 kvis
the aaateraour matt able for log- .oatiaa,D a. part belo z to a.3 rivers
;a A 9 ears . i* v* traffic, but . ch have potiall i; iti s for :ash
p Fosop ZZ lmpro' o- mama urge re, WhI s group nciud m the r .voss
otcrxa~ .a; Sum.... 1aRmy(upper pavt) sue, e, C:erthoaetaa, Boish a
:vAd 9 aay ' Koksho4gs,, Sisk and Solshol f it (try': >atteriei of tho T4A8a)
th D MaI l a and Town (t ^ib ataarj e s of the 01m), t7 to Yyshera . fhuso a,
-Ili. and 1 (tribe ie-a of the ma.), and some ;D a S aa~ ff Paz
e p ore4' arlvermo This Volga oystc a which i : 0-1 ;i4. teenth i ` best
;. he wia:4,co - an.arm+C~ o 1 0 550 - 000 sqv I':. -3., Yh a p8 ` 1.5 stion
45 iwiluon,
'The sources of tht. Volga lie In the. asti rn ,s , rtcst of the 06 4, qqv
,r ang In the vio n1tt of the village' 221 meta rr
above e a . lei p
The d epor j arts of the Yol as at the follow. g p1 a3. a 2p,,
Nee the: aor a t .n
'
Bear the 1 U91 No
talh
(deepest placom are at Z i .
0b.91 Year
VVt1Laan a Station area
6 to !5 Lf t(rS
+ppo6itt Stavropol
Zia Station -area., near Astrakhan
13 mete Ts
-0 eteras
'; t srs nd
CLASSIFICATION
NA ' nti n etn
class. CHANCED,x0t TS
DDA Mo1ao, `4 Apr 77
over
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ifrom the natrrakhF.n area to the sea, depths vary from ten to fifteen
cetera.
(c) Ice-free ieriods
Conclusions drawn from observations of the last ten years of the
periods of navigability of the Volga and tributaries are as followeg
River
Point of Observation
Date Ice Begin 3
Annual AverMe No.
to .Break
of hays Rivers are
Nair ab12
Volga
Kalinin
April 14
205
Gorki
April 21
200
mars
April 18
203
Saratov
April 17
207
astrakhan
April 23
260
-area
Perm
April 27
190
!oath of Kama
April 26
193
Oka
Orel
March 30
---
J.yazan
April 13
205
Gorki
--m
205
L0&JCVa
Moscow
April l4
175
i01oinna
Airs' il. 13
205
2. Rivers a.nd Artificial Watercourses
The Y4 _W0renai)8
At tale village of liotoshtno, there is the artificial upper Volga
dam ((Verkhnyi.Volzhskii J3iishlot). With the waters of the lakes above
(Malyi and. olshoi Verkhit. Sterzh, Veeluga, ara~: Peno), the dam forms
the reservoir which enables the Volga to carry traffic from Rzh:tav to
Ryoinsk, The dam collects about 350 million cubic meters of reserve
water.
Small ateuaers ply up and down the Selizh!arovkP_ river and. on Lake
Seliger; the latter is eighty ksne. long; and is, in planes, twenty to
teentymfive meters deep.
`.:`here are thirty-two small ran ids between ;}ieish of and Rzhev, and six
between Rzhev. and Kalinin. The largest rapids is the Tienski,, which lies
between 4;heltsy and Jtzhev.
(b) Traffic on ?theVolgas.
'?eg-ulr,.r steansn.n traffic on the Volga begins at Rzhev~ The distance
from this point to Kalinin is 179 Iona.; the jol.-n-ney requires fifteen
ars downstre and twenty-four for return. Vessels eta?rs at nine
jetties on the way. The steamers on this route have single decks.
: teamerg plying between Kalinin and Rybinsk are a little larger; some
are of American design, with two decks. The dovmstream journey requires
thirty-one hours and the return journey forty-four. Steamers on this
winding; route, which is 390 lens, long, are somewhat hindered by rocks
and shoali, and in most cases traffic is interrupted from the second
;.a1f of July to the beginning of septenber because the upper Volga
.am is unable to sunnly sufficient rater to the upper Volga during the
low water ueriod of the eumraer.
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On the right, at a 'point sixteen )vas. below Ltei .si, the l4O km, --long
Shosha itiver enters the Volga; this river i~. na vig:ale for only the
last five Rms. .'en kne. below the mouth of the Fiver Nedveditsi,
the River ;verl ''loos into the Volga, The Herl ic neither navigable
nor suitable for log-floating, "ear Rybinsk, thr Volga is entered by
the River Shekana, from which the Maria Canal bee ins;
(c) i irus vx12a+o zic~ Instal,lationst
The town of Rybinsk lies 390 Rms. tiowrnstreara fro: fiver.. There i!i a
shipyard at this town, for repairs only,
The distance from Rybinsk to Gorki by water is 5(2 kris; steamers require
thirty. -even hours for the downstrean journey, sto;.)!,ine, in eighteen
places* and forty-seven hours for return.
On the left shore twenty-three kms. from Yurysvet:s is Sokolskoe, which
is used e.s a wintering-place. A shipyard for retair work is located
here,
Zix;ht Fags. downstream from the village of Kaatunk., is a Pleasure resort,
Va=silievo, on the right batik,at the point where ,o river forms large
bay. Vasilievo is also used as a wintering..plac( , where repairs to
vessels are anadea
Farther downstream in the left bank, is another sintering-place,
Uorodets, where there is a shipyard for vir)ciden
h- shipyard for the construction of ;t, tankin?s, pr=,asenrx'r vesselst
ana tues is locai,e it ~~:i ~~ ?,., ^. v111r_ ~e on th right bank twenty kxne,
from Gorodets,
Seventeen kns. from Gorki lies the town of Sonshc;hino, on the left bank,
where there is a t,:interin , l.nce and the Moloto'' p-?raT,t r yards,
A shipyard for wooden shins is located at hraa.sno,>.rreeisk, which ii
.twenty-seven Rms. downstream from Stalingrad. T):.ere is also a cilinvaard
at Astrskh;-n?
(d) The Rama, -enorr_l),,,,
Tne itiver Kama is the most important of the trio, tarries of the Volga,
It is 2707 kras. loam; and is navigable for a distance of 1215 Faros?
from the uoiaht at i-A.ich it is entered by the River Vishera to the point
at which i?joins the Volga, :trine: the spring flood period, small
vessels a:re able to go as far upstream as the village of Rai.' The
upper reacihes of tree Kama, above the navigable section,, ate very winning;;
however, in a enera1; log-floating is Tadssibl,e?
The width of the Kaaja at tike mouth of the Yishert varies,from 200 to
.O0 aaetors, incre&sin s t two kma, at the conflue? ace of t" a Bela,.
The lower parts of the Kama ;ire five to six tans. :ride, in12placesF,aduring
the flood period.
There are winterinj_,hla,ces for shins at 4aaozerie ;nineteen kms,
from hokhlovka), r.;t'. .Serer*,ovyie Chelni , t aid at Cka.:tstonol?
(e) The Okay
Of tan tributaries of the Volga, the Oka is secon,,j in inoortance. Tt
".3 l4ii5 ,lone. ion=T, vnd,, at Ural, it is rbout seva-sty :,-,ter
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The upper Oka is not navigable as far as Ural, but is suitable for
log-floating.
The lack and dam of belomutovskii are located south of Lovtsi. Iaox-n-
stream is the Kuaminakii lock.
n.t vzerzhinsk, there is a shipyard for small vessels for use on the,
Caspian Sea, Repairs are nade on vessels at Tzdenc ro, which is elo
a wintering-place.
(f) The ,3elmag
This river rising in the Ural regions, is a notabl:3 tributary of the
Kenna. It is navigable from Sterlitramaki onward, ant regular traffic
is maintained between this town and Ufa. A distance of 426 kns.
Steamers going downstream comtilete the Journey in v aenty~two hours,
while the reverse direction requires forty-eight he irs.
Viva kms. Above the tow,,m of Ufa, the River Ufa, enters the '3elaya.
The Ufa is 937 Is. lo,ig;, and is navigable for a di 3trnco of 4O5 lane.,
as far upstream as tiie town of ,ihr-feevo; it is suitable for log-floating
for 780 kms,
The journey along the ;3elaya from Ufa to Kazan is 1039 kms. Passenger
snips, going downstream and risking twenty-eight stops, tz,avel this
distance in sixty-two hours. In the opposite direction the journey
requires eighty-five hours.
fie northern Wa-terw&Z - set
(a) Generals
The most imoorttmt rivers of the northern S;,ystaia ar the !ologda.4
4ukhona, Yug, Luza, l;alaya :ievernaya Dv_?na,' Bolshay;t Severnaya Dina,
Vycheg ta, Sysola, Vymy, J.'inega, Vega, Pechora, Usa, Ishora, Aiezen,
Unega, z:ndd Kuloi. The total length of the system i.. i 94,606 1=s.,
of which 9,943 .ins. are navigable and 66,956 'nms. are suitable for
log-floating.
(b) 11^np Volo is a tributary of the 5ukhona. Length 2.30 kras.; navigable
distance, 45 lass.; width, 55 to 100 meters; current is weak.
(c) The SSukhona rises in the Kubenskoe Lake. Length, 5rb2 l ss. to its con-
fluence with the Yug. It is divided into three part's: (1) The Upper
:3ukhona, u4 kais. in length from Lake Kubenskoe to point of confluence
with the Vologds; width, 2fl to 90 meters, depth, on=: to two ::ieters",
(2) The Central Sukhona, 278 meters long up to the r,louth of the Korhenga,
width, 250 meters; donth, two to eight peters. Sev :ref eriallowo; rapid
current. (3) The Lower Sul:hom; length, 220 kms.; maximum width, 400
meters. Several stony shallows.
The auchona usually freezes over during the first d-ys of T+o vember, and
becorues ice-free about the end ofn-o.; il, . The total `.ce-free days are
usually from 180 to 1 GO. It is navigable therroximately 65 kms. from the mouth.
(g) Y . Length, 430 ions., breadth, 50 to 150 meters (the lower reaches,
60 to 250 meters wide). There are some 90 shoals along the upper reaches?
as the terrain in that region is hilly, There is shinning on the river
in the sprint; ant during high-water periods. The water route from
Yikolsk to the mouth of the lug is 361 kms. long.
(h) The a. Length, 415 Ions. ; breadth, 50 to 150 meters. This river is a
tributary of the River Yug and is navigable in the ,tiring, when ships
go as far as loshkul, a distance of 365 lane,.
(i) Tl, cheer. Length, 1130 Icma. ; rises in the Komi region; 'hr a r't31
clop the upper reaches, between SO and 200 meters, and between 100
and 600 meters in the lower reaches. It is navigable for 960 Isms,
ships ply between Kotlas and 3yktyekar (434 lone.), and reach Ust- Xulom
in high-water periods; occasionally, the Vychegda is navigable as far
as Kerohenie, a distance of 295 kms. from Syktyvkar. The river usually
freezes at the and of October, and becomes ice-free during; early May,
Tributaries of th c
T'ne 4isolat navigable in the staring as far as Kazhima (317 s),
and in Au jast as far as tae village of Vos hcha (132 was.).
The Vimt navigable only in high-water -)eriods, up to the '.'i i.ar;-e
of Lroglyaxxsk1 (158 km.9e)e
The Visherao navigable in spring and erztunn to the villr-ge of
)Jog ovodski (58 lee.).
The Keltm ae navigable only in high-water ,,eri ode, up to the
`i'.he Y, ,*aS tri bntar-r of tr.e livin . .avi ;a bie in the spring; as
fmr an the mouth of the Kuloi.
The Pinegae a tributary of the Dvina. Length, 656 ]cis., of which
T73 kme. are navigable.
(j) The Pechora and tributaries
The Pechora -iiver rises in the western part.of the Urals. It is 1800
Ivas. in length and divides into three sections, an follows
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The distance from Zai)o.-ozhpe to Kherson is 297 kms., the downstreEm
journey requiring-; about 26 hours (17 stops) and upstreem, 34 hours?
The main ahi;rping; routo:., on the Dnieper ares
(1) Kiev to Dnepropetrovsk (511 lays. long, passenger vessels roc=uiring
31 hours downstres: and 46 j- hours for returns making 20 stops)
(2) Kiev to Hozyr
(3) Kiev to Chernigov
Vessels used on these routes are American tyres, wit. two decks,
(c) The
This river, 1178 kme. long and from 50 to 350 meters wide, is the most
important of the Dnieper tributaries. It'is cornmerc.,P_lly navigable from
Bryans.'?: to the mouth of the river, a distance of 830 kms. The Desna
has so-feral shoals, especially along; the upper reach The minimum depth
between Chernig;ov and Kiev is between 50 and 60 centimeters. The annual
periou of navigation on this river is from 7 to 8 mo-tths,
Passenger vessels ply 'between the following points
(1) Bryansk and Novgorod-Seversk (281 lone. long; ao:-rastream ,journey,
22 hours, 13 stops; upstream, 31 hours)
(2) avovgorod-Seversk and Chernigov (235 lams.; do'anstream journey, 24
hours, lb stops; upstream, 314 hours)
(3) Ghernigov-44ev (215 Ions.; downstream, with 1 stops, 13 hours;
upstream, 19 hours)
(d) one 11riRet
The :ripet is 600 logs. long; widths vary from 100 to 500 meters, and
the average depth is about 40 centimeters. In the upper reach, this river
is connected with the Veikseli via the Dniepe,'- Dug c-real, Find with the
iceman -River via the Oi.insk canal. It is navigable tom ~Oura to the mouth
of the river. The distance from Fora to xtozyr is lb- Pais.; for the
journey. steamers require 10z hours downstream, with 6 stops, and 11
hours for return. Steamers also ply between Nozyr mad Kiev, a distance
of 285 }crass , taking 19 hours downstream with 16 ships, and 27= hours -
upstream.
river vessels are built at retrikovo, a town .ocated on the Pripet
River.
(a) TheSozh
This river, navigable for only 286 lone. from Propoi ki, is of little
importance to ship-ping. Widths in the navigable sec ;ion vary between
50 and 15) meters. At normal 1.:vel, the minimum dei'sh is 60 centimeters.
(f) The 3erezina
The 3erezina is navigable only frctm - sc. . co the routh of the river, a
distance of 398 k me, Passenger vessels my between $orisov and Bobrviskq
the route is 232 leas long, renuirir g 11q hours for tl:e downstream journey,
with 5 stops, and 26 hours for return. The river it important for lumber-
floating,
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(1)
ih_ upp r reach from the source to -the Volos;yanitai River;
wic:..h, from 10 to 1UU meters; current, swift; course, winding.
(2) The '..Idle reach, from Ust-Volosyanitsa. to st-Taylrna, is
1200 lets. long. This section is navigable.
(3) The lokar reads, from Ust-Tsylma to the Peoh3ra Day. Widths
along tt:ls section reach five kms.
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The surface area}' the kechora is 320,000 sq. kms. Vessels hi-ve
difficulty in na'k4Etating the mouth of the river biceise of the shoals.
Tributaries of tiie Pechora
The Us-at nr.tlgable for 254 kris., except in very dry summers.
T;;: a I xhma: ? ivigable in spring for 321 }ms.
The Tsylma; navigable for about 49 kms., in t- a case of vessels
of not more than a 90 em. draught.
The Resent eight Hundred ions. In length; from the source to the
conflueno, ,f the River Vashka, the Mezen is from 70 to 170 meters
-.fide, after which it increases to 900 - 1500 meters, At liezen, it
is 2.5 10 a. wide.
`he vnea t -length, 640 kms. ; navigable during, the flood period
:only.. Sui%able for lumber-floating,
' he_ Kuloio length, 344 kms..
(k) Arrtifinlal Waterways.
Tne wattarway system of the Dvina River is connected with the Volga and
,deva systems by the SukhonA River and Kubenskoe Lakr..
The waterway from Sheicsna to :archangel is 11400 has, in length, of which
135' kms. rare artifircia.
Tae length of the canal between the Kuloi and l'inegr rivers is 56 laze.
It has a single-chambered lock; the minimum width of the canal is 20
meters and the depth is normally 90 cans.
4. The Northwest Waterway System
(a) Vie N
The River rleva is 75 lens. long. It Is reminiscent cf a deep canal,
linking the entire central lake and river area with the Baltic Sea.
The sources of the Neva are -n the area southwest of Lake Ladoga; the
river,.at this point, is i'el1ow and has many shoalL. When the water
is at normal level, vessels are able to navigate the Neva along the
west bank, if their draught is not more than two meters. The widths
along the upper reaches are from 200 to 700 Meters. Near the vil1 ge
of Ostrovskaya, 25 ices. from the source, is the Ivarov rapids where
the current is very strong in places, rising to a rte of 3.5 meterl3
per second. After passing the rapids, the r;rte of he flow of current
drops from one to 1.7 meters per second. The depth through this rapids
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is at least 4 meters, increasing to 6.5 to 14 meter-. below the rapids.
The lover reach in the Leningrad area is 17 meters c.eea, rlon(; the main
channel.
The Neva is navigeble, on en average, for 220 days the Year. It
freezes at the and of ,`3ovember and the ice begins t; break un at the
end of April,
(b) The 0 ht va
(c)
Length: 220 Ions. The widths from the :source to the center vary from
130 to 380 meters, and at the mouth it is 640 deter wide. The depths
vary from 2 to 17 meters. The current flows at a rite of K to 1 meter
per -second F1on4; the canter channel, and 2 meters e r second in the
sections where there are rapids; the latter lie bet'een the 150th -..nd
1KKth km. points from. Leke Ilme end are an obstruc.ion to normal shipping;.
The river freezes at the beginning of ?4overiber' and becomes opera at the
beginning of April; the average navigational poriod is 200 days,
The VvtiTra
Only 57 k me. of this river are of practical use; it fortes a link with
the I?,aria waterway system aria has busn made navigable by means of dredg-
ing ana other nj>erations. A canal joins the Vyteg., - with the Kovzra
itiver.
(d) Ttie hovzha
This river has also been made navigable, by artificial na ns, from the
new L aria canal to Lake beloe. P distance of 66 km e. This section con-
tains two locks, without which navigation would not be possible.
(e) The :ihekens,
Lengths 425 kms. Tl-pis river is one of the main li.1ks with the Maria
system.
(f) The Mologa
Lengths 580 lane. Flows Into the Volga and is navigable along its middle
reaches, for vessels of small draught
The haria 'Waterway System
The artifici-J, waterway system, knotn as the liaria (Mar iriski) Syster'.i, Is
1145 kiss. long, with navigable river sections, e(,uipped with locks, for a
total distance of approximately 522 Ions; the total length of the lock section
is 30;; kung.. and there are 311.5 Ions. of canals.
The iar:ia b, stem begins by running along the INeva for 717 kms., then borders
Lake Ltd ga for a distance of 168 Ions.,, and leads directly into the mouth of
the Svir River. The purpose of the canals ar:rund Lake L,, doge. is to allow
small river vessels to negotiate the lake; lirgor tesse:s are able to cross
the lake rex;ardless of rosg_ h wez Cher, thus shortenin, ; tie distance of the
route by some 46 Ions.
The Ladoga canals are com,,)osed of two watercourses runr..ing side by side
the Old and the 14*"w Ladoga. t anals. The former is 172.8 la-is. long; and h fn
numerous locks.. "essels therefore usually use the liew Cinal, which is 25.5
meters ?ride. Landslides cause the width to lesson. in rfl ecos, thus requiring
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After leaving the canal, vessels proceed along the Svir to Lake Onega, where
the course continues throui;h the Unega Uanal. This canal, 67,2 ktne. long; and
18 meters wide, borders the southern part of the lake and finally runs to the
mouth of the Vitegra. From there the journey continues ca-own the Kovzha river
by a second canal, 8.5 kms. long and 21.5 meters wide. 1~fter passing through
the lock sections (30 kms.) of this river, vessels are atle to nroceed with
a free current to Lake Beloe. ):ncircling this lake is a third canal, 76 kms.
long, 23.5 ions. wide, and from 2 to 13 meters deeps with two locks, or sluices.
The water-level of this cr.nal is regulated by the use of Lake Leseko-Azatskoye
as a reservoir, in conjunction with special dams. After passing; the second
lock, vessels proceed to the Sheksna River, the shallow section (229.3 kms. long)
of which is provided with locks, beyond trhich there is a clear run of 190 kma.
to the Volga.
The journey from Rybinsk to Leningrad requires an average: of 45 (iays. the
open period varies from 150 to 185 days.
The Maria Waterway system accommodates vessels measuring about 75 meters by
,9.5 meters, with a draught of 2 meters. It is equi-T)ed as follows
sluices or locks 513
Dams
53
Outlets
44
Flood dams
22
.ridges
429
repair installations
110
The dams are of wood, with the exception of those in the Shekana River which
are larger ancz have concrete foundations, The locks In the Sheksna are of
stone; all the others are of wood.
The Anigner Waterway
(a) General
The total length of the rivers connected with the Dnieper Waterway is
23,801 k'me., of which 5,167 kms. are navigable, 7.3'7 loss. are suitable
for lumber-floating, and 11,307 krae. are not used; the system covers a surface
area of 518,533 sq. kme. Of the 200 rivers and streams in the Dniener system,
143 flow directly into the Dnieper River..,
The largest o`' these rivers are the Dnieper (2,333 kms. ), the Pripet (900 k:,18.)
trio Berezina (595 Ions..), the Desna (1,179 krne. ). the Sozh (66o and
the rivers Drut, Teterev, Irnen, :rubezh, Roe, Su.la Tasmin, Psiol, Vorekla,
Orel; Sahara, akd Ingulets.
(b) Th_Dnieper
The annual navigable periods of sections of the Dntcoer are as followeg
Section Freezes
Breaks um
Ice-free Days
Uaper (Orshakieva)
Dec. 3
April 4
243
;fiddle (Kiev -
Dnepropetrovsk)
Lower (haporozh*e ,-
Kherson)
Dec. 19
Dec. 16
March 27
March 11
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The Tiu* Jiver
i
`+-1iys river is 935 kms* long and is navigable from Vozne::{ensk to the mouth,
uisttnce of 15~ Rms. The mini;.aura death, norinally one ::cter, varies from
3 to 5 meters f:lon ; tna last 100 meters. IT he ':lug is n;- rir,able for yap*xoxi-
uvte1y 2b5 days et.cn Vei x.
Yeesaels travel from Voznusensk to Kherson, P total of 2';1 Rms., requiring
:bout 15 hours in either direction, with 15 stops.
b. The von Whterway :iystem
The actual length of the River Don is 1980 Iaas.; however, the length of the
entire icaterwey, including the tributaries, is 7100 kras., of which about 1+000
kris. are of practical use - 2000 lens. for navignntion and 2000 Rms. for log-
yloaatini;. The course of the river is very irregular; for every strain, It
kilometer, 1 kcns. are winding.
The level of the river, from the source to'the mouth, i.-,: as f-jjjowse
')peer reach
Voronezh
i'avlovsk
Vat-xiedveditsa
Kalach
At mouth of northern Don
::eters above ;ea-level
202 (above Sea of Azov)
90
70
145
27
S
In tae upper r:m-ch the maximum depth is 2 meters, and the width 40 maters.
At-tae former Voronezh district border, the Don broadens out to 200 neterr;,
and t1-e depths very between 1 and S motors. Between Voronezh and KPlach harbor,
a distance of about 900 krna. the middle reach of the Dcn is from 140 to 300
asters 'aide and from 2.5 to S meters deep. There are many shoals. The lower
section of the Don appears to be it great navigable river, as it widens to some
400 meters and. deepens to 16 meters; however, the depth suddenly diminishes to
.40 cma.
The uu,per and middle sections freeze over curing the 1r,~ t half of NoverFber,
arut become ice-free by the end of 11arch or the be~;inninj of April. The flood
season lasts about a month. The navigable part of the river becomes free from
ice within four or five days from the beginning of the t reak-upD
The only vessels capable of sailing; from the source to the mouth of the Don
..re flat-bottomed boats, 12 to 35 meters long, and 4 meters wide. Coastal
Vess;els are able to reach Rostov, while stemiers my ret ularl..- along the l o%.,,er
re';aclnes. The greatest hindrance to shiupin,; on the Don are the shoals,
7, `The.Xuba hive
he 4-On -iver is about 900 lays. long; it does not freeze over regularly,
and it is open to traffic for more tl-a,-n 10 months of each year. It is
fully navigable for 235 1cas., from Krasnodar to Temryuk,. Denzths vary between
1 and 1.5 meters.
8. The lira:. sw `a~rste]!1
The totP.:i length of the Ural System is 3979 }ans., of why -h 933 Ions. are
navigable, 2498 Ions. suitable for log-floating, and the remaining mart
unused.
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Tn.i3 river is 2470 km s. long. Onl;r the section of the river from 'Uralsk to
'urev (833 kas.) is navigable. Widths are 30 to 190 Meters along; the upper
reach, 13U to 200 *ietars at Urrlsk, rr d 1100 meters F:lonf:; the lower reach.
Jk.irinj; tae flood neriod the water level rises to about 7 Meters E:bove normal
at Uralsk and to about 2.5 motors rbove normal at the mouth of the river.
The Jz al usutlly freezes early in ;November and becomes iee-free about the
middle of April
document contains information
affe3
United S
the Espionage
25X1A2
00457R00100 "A
within the meaning of
32 as amended. I
50, U.S.C. 31 and
revelation of its con
nsmitsion or the
manner to an unauthorized
prohibited by lay;.
the national defense of the
- aii
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in any
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