SOVIET CONTROL AND THE SOVIETIZATION OF POLISH INDUSTRY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R001600120009-6
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 28, 2011
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: June 21, 1948
• Content Type: REPORT

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- _.. ... .. -v ... v~ rs i. ? 1 -.{.. is l.i ..,.,,!2
CENTRAL INTELLI
CY - ' 'REPORT
EPORT
CONFIDENTIAL
COUNTRY Poland DATE DISTR.21 June.l94g
SUBJECT Soviet Control and the sovietization NO. OF PAGES
of Polish Industry
7
PLACE
ACQUIRED
RATE rF Z
NO. OF ENCLS.
LUSTED BELOW) ,
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
INFORMATION
THIS DOCUMENT C0NTAINO INFORMATION APPECfIAO TNt NATIONAL DEFENSE
OP THE UNITLO STATES WIfNIN THE MEANING OF Tilt ESPIONAGE ACT EO
U. 0. C.. 01 AND St. AS AMES0E0. ITS TRANSUIDEION 0:T THE LLYCLATION
Of ITS CONTENTS IN ANY MANNED TO AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS PRO.
HIOITED UT LAW. REPRODUCTION OP THIS PORU IS P20HIDITE0. NCWY-
ETES.INFORMATION CDNTAINEO IN SORT OF INC CORN MAY at UTILIZED
AS DEEHCN NECLSSAAY DY THE OECEITINO AGENCY.
1.
J
Soviet control and the general Sovietization of Polish Industry is
being brought about as outlined below (aside from the influence
directly exercised to this end by Hilary Mne, Minister of Industry
and Trade, a devotee of Moscow, and virtually economic dictator of
Poland),
2. C tral Planning
a. The CentralrG' Urzad I lanowania ... CUP (Central Planning Office)
was forded in the autumn of 1945 for the purpose of elaborating
the State Economic Plan. Czeslan Bobrowski was appointed
chairman and held the office till the end of February 1949,
when Mine succeeded in getting him dismissed. (This occurred
at a session of the Economic Committee of the Council of
Ministers which lasted more than ten hours. The activities of
the CUP were strongly criticized, and when Mine, the chairman
of the Economic Committee, demanded Bobrowski's dismissal, the
motion was carried. None of the people present darer' to defend
Bobrovski although Cyrankiewicz had promised him that PPS
of
9
50X1-HUM
which he (I3obrowski) is a member, would protect him, since his
activities were in accordance with PPS policy.)
Comments Bobrovski was Minister 50X1-HUM
ands announced that he had been relieved of the chairman-
ship of CUP at his own request. The new Chairman of CUP is
Dr. Tadeusz Barnaba Dietrich De put Minister of Finance.)
b. The Chairman is assisted by two,Vice-Chairmen. One of these.
The other is I nr'ineer LB.eczysl.aw Popiel,
Popiel was in os cow during the
ecaso a men er o e ad Administration of the Union
of Polish Patriots in 1943. lie is nog: a member of Parliament,
a member of the PPR, and Deputy Chairman of the Parliamentary
Commission for Industry.
STATE
ARMY
c. The tasks of the Vice-Chairmen of (CUP are:
CLASSIFICATIO
X NAVY
x ASR $
i
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION FOR THE RESEARCH
USE OF TRAINED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
UMM
Orr' ' L S DULY
nC0717TDENTIAL
cry
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To supervise the Chairman.
CENTRAL INT`ILIGE NCE AGENCY
To introduce into the State Economic Plan all the PPR targets,
which are abase in accord with Soviet interests.
d. CUP controls hlanning of all Polish economic life by the
3, The Three-Year Economic Plan.
a. In itself the Three-Year State Economic Plan contains nothing
which could definitely be described as "Sovietization of Polish
ro . means
cultural Department is
Cormunis
CUP is divided into professional departments, which plan the
econov of all industries and large industrial organizations.
The greatest care is taken in the selection of personnel for
these departments. For example, the head of the Communications
Department, which plans and controls the reconstruction and
development of railways, production of rolling stock, construc-
tion of railways, roads, and in part, of motor cars, tele aphs,
telephones. radio netrrorks _ c to _ - I sa Stefan Ask as _
collective farming t1co-1khoz) system oland.
Industry" in the sense of "obedience to Soviet demands", but it
likewise contains nothing Which goes against Soviet interests.
interes s receive s
de
a11;- rof
atruction a e a
no exa usive
t'o first Is always used as a propaganda trump-card,Vicertain of
fining the support of all classes of the population. The last
two ore never mentioned openly, for quite obvious reasons.
4. Planni De rtment of the M nist- of Indust and Trade.
J&part the central CUP organization, the Ministry of Industry
The fundamental premises of the State Economic Plan, accepted
by the highest economic and PPR Party authorities, are:
Indivisibility of the Regained Territories,
Dependence of Polish industry on supplies of materials and
tools from abroad.
Low salaries for the workers.
eaded by Enrineer N +o (real name said to
an Wade has its own independent Planning Department. This is
be Finkelstein) and a Communist. On the one hand, Nowotr is in
direct liaison with the Industrial Section of the Central Com-
mittee of PPR, and, on the other, with the Commercial Attache of
the Soviet a-bassy in Warsaw.
T CON tOL
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
?FiDFNTIAL
detailed anal sis of the plan, however,_ shows that Soviet
targets,
gent or troll
head of the, .' gri-
Rzechow a
eat o establish the
s
le
it ma
__-y
actually
that the recon--
omo e edin hose sec ors o
ve va ueo`h?"?'!
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r
U.S. OFT'~Y CONFIDENTIAL
CE INVEUMN'M AGENCY
b, Th Plarming De
draws
i o ucE
an without previous
easily and vvithout bub cc
c. The Soviet re
hrAUq
bek_9f industry.
WES-0-f the
diffe
direc
anon le engaged in
Havn;ver aius asm is aroused
ose r s o in s yr -. ch are being eve ope n con-
`"o tIi Sov erejuirethenMs as they ~deeive special
supp- under various`ore.gn trade agreements, including
those with the USSR. The most striking examples are to be
found in the coal and textile.industr es, and in the pro-
duction of coal cars, Iri'the case of the last mentioned,
output is to be exported to the USSR'after home requirements
for 1948 have been net.
5. The occupation of key positions by persons loyal to the USSR is
practically complete. The Minister of Industry and Trade, the
Vice Llinisters and departmental chiefs, vri.th the exception of less
important departments, such as the General and the Technical, axe
all members of the PPR, Communists loyal to the regime and, either
directly or indirectly, to I-Joscovr. This applies also to all
directors of central administrations of the different industries.
The employment of non-party professional men in technical adm.in--~
istrative posts as trade directors and, in a few cases, general
managers in less important industrial concerns, has no influence
on the execution of the -,eneral plan. It is not necessary, from
the point of view of the regime, to divest the apparatus of all
the professional non-party men and to replace them with non-
professional Party members. On the contrary, the giving of high
ranking positions to some non-party exports provides them also
with an incentive to greater efforts in science and labor. Such
treatment is likewise designed to induce more Polish techni.rxana
to return from abroad. All persons traveling abroad on technical
missions from Poland are commissioned by the Department of Cadres
to recruit their colleagues from abroad for Polish industry at
home.
6.
n
the
:Lon
e ac
CUP
uxe~ uniexe `can
indusno one can
t approval"a
ana ?n
.de,,
transferred or moved without
Chief of the Department of Cadres is Engineer Jan Pomorski,
Vice Minister of Industry and Trade, Communist, member of T",2.
He has the full confidence of Mine,, and, naturally, of the
Central Committee of PPR.
th C SR em,
in coma le acgpXda
tment of the Ministry of Industry and Trade
__p Tenpra_ State Plan.
sonal and political control of individual employees is or zed
c. Deputy Chief of the Department of Cadres is Ludwik Pol,
Communist, member of PPR, who is in liaison with the Industrial
s COIJTROL
U.S. OFFICIO ONLY
FCONFIDENTIAL~'
'Personal and Political Control of ployees+
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?--;PG CONFIDENTIAL,j
CEN bIL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
-4-
Section of the Central Committee of PPR and in direct contact with
the Ministry of Security. Ludwik Pol is about to be transferred
from the Ministry of Industry and Trade to the post of Chief of
Industrial Section of the Central Committee of PPR. Nearly all
the departmental chiefs in the Ministry of Industry and Trade
are active members of PPR and of much lower rank in the hierarchy
of the Party than Polo
d. Although the Department of Cadres forms a part of the Ministry
of Industry and Trade, the actual authority over it lies with
the Industrial Section of the Central Committee of PPR and not
with the !sinister of Industry and Trade, who does not exercise
the right to appoint or release anyone without the approval of
the Department.
e. At every level of industrial organization, in each factory or
commercial undertaking without exception, all personnel matters
are decided, not by the manager of the concern, but by its
Personnel Bureau, which is directly subordinate to the i)epart-
ment of Cadres.
f. The authority of the Personnel Bureau Includes the control and
approval of payrolls, selection for service Journeys, control of
accounts for such Journeys, control of leave, organization of
factory kitchens, supplementary food, clothing, etc.
g. There is one representative of the Bureau for every 15-20
people. These representatives function under various covers,
such as timekeepers, attendance supervisors, salary checkers,
educational instructors, canteen stewards, etc. Their task
is to collect information, by means of which they keep a check
on every worker and employee. These representatives of the
Personnel Bureau are all hand-picked members of PPR or con-
nected with the party by ties of strict and severe ttscipline.
Every section of the Personnel Bureau has its own "investi^atorf".
h. The collected information, supplemented by additional informa-
tion obtained each week, is entered In the card indexes, with
the result that a clear picture is available of the political
conduct of each person, from the lowest to highest ranks.
I. The personnel card index of a-factory or industrial enterprise
is inaccessible to the Manager of the concern, except in the
event of his being a higher ranking member of PPR than the
Manager of the Personnel Bureau.
The following table illustrates the method of registration of
personal particulars by the Personnel Bureau,
;s CONTROL
U.S. OI;'FICIALS ONLY
CONFIDENTIAL
?f{RF
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..SWQR?R- CONTROL . -
U.S . 01WX1r1LY
-5-
Files kept in:-
scription
Factory or
Industrial
Enterprise
-anual
workers lCard
llntellec?-
tual
workers
(Directors
of Factory
or Indus-
trial
mployees
i in Dire.-
torate of
the
Industry
3irectors
of Direc-
torate of
the
Industry
~~.mployees
in Cen-
tral Ad-
ministra-
tion of
E the
Industry
Directorate
of the
particular
Industry
meekly up-
to-date
lists
Copy
Card Index
I
Central
Administration
to which the
Industry
belongs
Up-to-date
Lists
Department
of Cadres
Card Index
;;. The personal records compiled in this manner and con+inually
supplemented, provide complete control from the security,
loyalty and political points of view. The influence of this
control is visible in the decrees and orders concerning ap-
pointments, releases and transfers which are issued at the
instigation of the Personnel Bureau. Common instances are
the appointment to professional positions, in furtherance of
Personnel Bureau policy., of persons without professional
qualifications, who must be tolerated by the management.
&"Pii?*T C%FMOL
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
C 4NFIDENTIAL
~EEREf
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U.SJ f ,, TLY J IDENTIAL
1. The imitation of Soviet police methods outlined above was
introduced under the pretext of centralizing information
concerning the small available number of technical personnel,
for the purpose of better utilizing their services. The
system was established by the Industrial Section of the
Central Committee of the PPR and is a faithful copy of the
USSR model.
m. The Department of Cadres of the Ministry of Tndustrv and
Trade is very much in the hands of the all-important Indus-
trial Section of the Central Committee of the PPR. In its
turn, the Industrial Section is in direct liaison with and
obedient to the wishes of the Commercial attache. of the
Soviet Embassy in Warsmv, at 2, Al. Szucha.
n. The attached chart shows the channels through which control
of industry is effected.
15fif" CONTROL
U*a. OFFICIALS ONLY
rCONFIDENTIAL
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 SECFT:T CONTROL
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
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CENTRAL INTELLIGMECE AGENCY
7- A
INDUSTRIL.L & TRj6DE
A TTA-kCIHE'
MINISTRY OF PUBLIC
MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY & MADE
Minister: H. MINC
Vice--Minister: J. POM-ORSKI
PFItSONNT L BURP;1AUX OF :
CENTRAL Arl'IIIISTRATION OF
an individual INDUSTRY
DIRECTORS OF
an individual INDUSTRY
FACTORIES or COTt!ERCIAL
ENTFRPRISES
r ONFIDENTIAL
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CONFI,ENTIQ
CENT%'LL CO1.91'ITTEE
OF PPR
INDUSTRIAL
SECTION
POLITICAL BURFAU OF PPR
/Incl. H. MIP1C .
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Ti ONFIDENTIAL
IT.S. O -MT
CJ NTRAL INTFLLIMT NCF Af ?NCY
-7' H
ECONOMIC CO! MI ITEE OF
COUNCIL OF ?"I:IIS TCR5.
/Incl. H. rINc .
Chairman: C. BOBR0 SKI
Vice-Chairman: POPIEL
CENT iAL OFFICE OF PLANNING
/C.U.P.1
OTHER LEP. t Itrrms
' O T CONTROL
U.S. OFFICIALS ONLY
CONFIDENTIAL
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