YUNNAN PROVINCE, MILITARY AND POLITICAL INFORMATION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R003500740001-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 7, 2003
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 2, 1949
• Content Type: REPORT

illIELLefAX 9
COUNTRY China
CLASSIFICATIOrT -GwotfR
Approved FoCallERIVe .11( -00457RWORT40001-5
INFORMATION REPORT CD NO.
SUBJECT Yunnan Province, Military and Political
Information
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PLACE ?
ACQUIRED
DATE OF INF
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DATE DISTR 2 DEC 49
NO. OF PAGES 10
NO. OF ENCES.
MISTED BELOW
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
1. The leading military, political, educational and publicity organs and their
25X1 important officials and responsible personnel with headenertars in Ininming
are the following:
a. Yunnan Pacification Headquarters
Commander: LU Han, also known as LU Ipng-heng.(1i Ir.01 ), formerly
named LU Pang-han 0 a ); native of Chaotung (103-39,
27-20), belongs to the Ti. ) tribe; he i.e a Cousin of
LUNG Tun.
Deputy Commanders: SUN Tu (a.341 ), General, former Governor of Jehol
Province,-affiliate with General YU Tso-yi.
MA Ting (, tL ), General, former Deputy Commander of
the 6 Organization and Training Headnuarters in Kunming;
man of the Central Government.
YU Ch'eng--an (1:114 ), General, concurrently
Commander of the 26 Army (an army of the Central
Government which is stationed in Yunnan) and Commander
of the Southeast *Yunnan Bandit Supnression Headouarters;
he is loyal to the Central Government and belongs to
the Whampoa Military Clique.
Under the Pacification Headquarters there ia a regiment of bodyguards
which total about 1,300 men. This regiment is under the control of
-Governor LU Hen. The 26 Army, which consists of 2 divisions at vresent
and is eonacripting 7,300 men from various hsien of Yunnan in order to
exnand into 7-divisions which will then make the, army cnnsist of about
21,000 men, Is sunnosed to be under the commend of the Pacification
Commander also, but actually it is under the entire control of Deputy
Commander YU Ch'eng-,wan.
CLASSIFICATI
This document is hereby ?regraded to
CONFIDENTIAL in accordance with the
letter of 16 October 1978 from the
Director of Central Intelligence to the
Archivist of the United States.
Next Review Date: 2008
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Ookirtligi
CT,INTRAL MITT, /GBNC'S AGENCY
1
TLe Prrlytnoial Govoreapnt
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Noce Preservation Commander; HSIEH Chih-kung t 4i ), a native of
Yunnan and LU Hen's marl commands 3 Peace
Preservation Regiments or one brigade which
amounts to about 3,000 men. However, most
of the troora are in West Yunnan under the
command of Colonel YU'Chien-houn (4:044 )e
Commander of the West Tuunan Bandit Suppression
Headnuarters in Tn/i (100-11, P5-43).
lc As
Secretary-General; CHU Ching-hsuan (2%.1.? ). alias CHU Li-tune (at ),
LU Ban's princilml adviser, was former secretary of the
Finance Commission under the povernorshin of LUNG Yuri;
wrote an article attackinp LUNG and was obliged to leave
fannan and turned to the CC Clique; was then department
rector of the Social Affairs Ministry and has been with 25X1
the present job since LU Ben became Governor in 1946:
Civil Affairs Commiesiorzer ANEn-plu (0,1!, )e elder Yunnan military man
who affiliates with LU Ran and serves as Chief of LU's
special police; concurrently superintendent of the ?
Iturgaing Police School.
rinance Commissioner; (.J Lt LIN Tn-t0ang ). alias IAN Nan-yuan (4Aig ).
LU Han's man who formerly affiliated with the CC Clique
but recently turned to join the other "demobratiom
Yunnan officials; in June 1949 gave up hie positions as25X1
Director of the Board of The Righteousness Daily (Cheng
Pao VL it AWL ) and Director of the SnurnnI4m*
Education Commissioner; CHTAUG Mang-fu (It efe, ). I
affiliates with LU Han and prdvenas
known for squeeze.
Reconstruction Commissioner: FAN Chleng-shu )., affiliates wtth
who 25X1
nemocracy; also
a. :he mtknicival Govermak
Mayor of Kunming; TbitaG Nu-huai LU Han's man; was former brigade
commander under LUNG YUn? then LU's aide, and now LU's
relative because their children recently married; he
cooperates with LU I 25X1
Chiefa of the bureau under the municipal government are
almost entirely LU's or TSENG's men; most of them ere natives
of Yunnan 25X1
A. Leluling Educatieeal Orme
(1) National Ihnnan University in Xunming. This university which consists Of
S colleges, namely, College of Arts. College of Science, College of Law.
College of Engineering, College of Agriculture and College of.Uedicine.
was established by the Central Government about PP years ago and has been
financed by the Central Governmen since that tine. Although the largest
co
LU Han;
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managed; generally
rp are without
), who has
years
and oldest university in Yunnan, it is poorly
speaking, the professore are inferior and stn(
discipline. President HSIUNG Ch'ing-lai (tk
been president of the university for about 12
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(2) National Normal Ooalege in Kunming. This college was established
shortly after the war in 1948 when the member colleges of the
Southwest Associated University were moved back to their pre-war
locations in North Chine and left the university campus to the
Normal College. Attached to the college are a high school and a
primary school - also on the campus of the former Southwest Associr
eted University. The college and its attached schools nre about
the best mewed in Kunming and Yunnan.
(a) President CHIA Lianp.chao OLTI ), also known as CHIA
Mien-chunr (4k a,if ), has been the President of the
college and schools since their establishment. He is a
liberal Kuomintang member. CHIA has been one of the very
few genuine educators of China in the modern age. He is ex-
perienced, hard working and warm-hearted
(b)
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MIA was born in Peiping in 1896; he is a graduate of the
National Tel-Iv:hue University and later educated in Columbia
University and Chicago University; specialized in education;
came back to China in 1922 and became professor and in 192?
concurrently dean of National Peking Normal College; was
President of SUN Yat-sen University, Kalfeng in 1929 and later
Education Commissioner of Ronan Provincial Government; in about
1930 was member of the Chinese Eastern Railway Committee
(some of the members of which were Soviet officials in Manchuria)
in which he learned how tricky the Kremlin-directed Soviet
members were; established the I Wen Middle School, the first
school in China whiCh adopted the Dalton's' Educational System,
in about 1932; was one of the organizers and Vice-President of
the Hsiang Shan Orphanage in the Western Hills, Peiping, until
193? when the war against the Japanese broke out evil he went to
Kunming; was professor and Chief of Student Guidance and
Discipline through the war; established the Normal College and has
been its President since 1946. 25X1
ii..202"72AL
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ete.
(3)
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Although no college or university has been established by the Yunnan
provincial fund, provincial high schools are many. The leading ones
are Klun Hue Normal School, F'un Hua Industrial School, K'un Hua
Commercial School, Klun Hua Boys' Middle School, Pun Hua Girls*
Middle School, Klun Hue Girls* Vocational School and Yunnan Provincial
School of English. Students of the above schools usually follow the
lead of National Yunnan University..
e. Leadin PublicityAmeg
In addition to work done by members of the Political Department of the
Yunnan Pacification Headquarters which is directed by CH'] N Jung-ming
), the other responsible personnel for publicity work of the
Pacification Headquarters do little other than welcoming and seeing off
big wheels at the airfield. Chp.ng Yang Jih Pao (4/ #1:. elpit )2 published
by CC Clique member CH'IEN Tsang-shih C7AL4A ), is about the only
press organ which Is definitely on the Central Government's side; it still
calls the Chinese Communists "bandits" and hopes for the success of the
Kuomintang. The mesquite mere, weeklies and others, including The
Observer,(Kuan Ch 'a Pao VAR% ) and The Righteousness (Cheng I
7W-77/VOL), have definitely turned toward the dommunlsts. Kuan C 'a
Pao, which As published by LUVG Yun+s son, LUNG Sheng-wu (AA),
reads very much like the Hongkong Kung Pao; the Chang I Pan in Kunming
which is published by JUAN I-jen (7Eakie. ), reads very much like the
Hongkong 'en Hui Pao. They bear more news from the Hsin Hua News Agency
than from theaffkg12Eljgglm. The only "open-secret' cover they put
on is that instead of indicating the news covers from the Hein Hua News 25X1
Agency, these papers say "news from Hongkong". They openly attack the
Central Government and call it the "CHIANG Government", however, these
papers claim that they are on good terms with the municipal and provincial
? governments. While the Kuan Chia Pao is completely financed and directed
by LUNG Sheng-wu, the Cheng I fao has been in the hands of the Board of
Staff and Laborers since June 19492 before which month it was financed
and directed by a Board of Directors headed by the present Finance
Commissioner LIN Yd-tleng. Leftist reporters crept into the Cheng I Pao
and demanded a change with threats; in the hope of retaining his high
post and avoiding his name being put on the "war criminal" list, LIN gave
in and withdrew his authority from the paper.
2,, LU Han was on the Central Government side up to the latter partsf i 948 when
his former subordinate and division commander TSENG Tse-sheng (V
surrendered to the Communists in Manchuria and LU Chan-chlan (elk ;Irk )'s
troops were smashed by the Communists in Manchuria. Realizing that he had
very little military power to depend upon and finding that the Communist and
bandit troops were expanding in Yunnan, LU, when attending the conference of
the Central Government for the last time, politely demanded the removal of
the Yunnan Garrison Headquarters (an organ of the Central Government).
CHIANG Kai-shek granted LU his wish but in order to watch LU, CHIANG replaced
the garrison headquarters with the 6 Organization and Training Headquarters
with HO Shao-chou (fg tg) ), HO Ying-ch'in's nephew, as commander and con-
currently commander of the 49 Army which was a'so then established.
3-. Up to March 1949, 34 of the total 120 hsien of Yunnan were occupied by the
Chinese Communists and the so-called People '?rmed Forces. HO Shao-chou,
who used drastic measures in dealing with student demonstrations and other
movements, aroused ill feeling among the students who were instigated by
undercover Communists and Democratic league members. In addition to Wei
students, various press organs manipulated by leftist and opportunist editors .
and reporters advocated the removal of HO Shao-chou. 25X1
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4. In the name of helping LU to suppress the bandits, the 26 Division, which
troops are Cantonese, map sent over to Yunnan in March 1949, Also at the
same time the Southeast Yunnan Bandit Suppression Headquarters was established
in,K,airdan or Amihsien (103-10, 23-44), with Division Commander Ye Chleng-,wan
) as the bandit suppression commander concurrently. In May 1949
the 26 Division was expanded into the 26 Army of two divisions with about
14,000 men, They have been much better equipped, much better disciplined and
much more efficient than LU Hants peace preservation regiments or bodyguards;
they have also out-numbered the combination of the latter two. The 26 Army
is sufficient Central Government military strength to make LU Han keep quiet 25X1
for the time being but insufficient to make LU loyal,
5.
6.,
7. At present, very few of the hsien of Yunnan are entirely free from Communists
or real bandits, the latter including LUNG Yan's former subordinates., Since
24 July 1949, the 26 Army has been trying to raise about 7,300 men to enlarge
the army into three divisions. Places where they have been raising troops
include the following hsien: Chiengkung (102-48, 24-55), Iliang (103-09,
24-54), Chengchiang (102-52, 24-42), Huaning (102-54, 24-15), Lunan (103-17,
24-46), Luliang (103-38, 25-02), Chinning (102-42, 24-44), Sungming (103-01,
25-22), Mining (102-30, 24-56), Kunyang (102-33, 24-43) and Fuming (102-30,
25-14). All these hsien are near Kunming and are about the least annoyed
by the Communists or bandits; this makes the process of raising treys mien
easier than if done in other hsien far away from Kunming.
8. General Chinese Communist rnialluzA.4._tu_Aion in Yunnan
The Chinese Communists are aiost strong in South Yunnan, less strong in East
Yunnan and still less strong in at Yunnan.
Cgre
atig.
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a. South Yunnan
(1) The Communist troops in South Yunnan are organized under two main
columns, namely, Yunnan-Kweichou-Kwangsi Border Column of the Chinese
People's Liberation Army and the Second Column of Yunnan People's
Self-Defense Army. The Yunnan-Kweichou-Kwangsi Border Column,
which was formally established in January 1949, is headed by General
CHUANG Tlien (A 47 ) butethe one who actually leads the troops is
General CHU Chia-pi (0...11.11 ), Deputy Commander of the Column. The
Second Column of the Yuman People's Self-Defense Army is headed by
LI Po-heiunr ($/016: ) and is actually led by Deputy Commander
Ye( Wein(41 $4 )0
(2) In Verche1949, CHU's troops occupied not only many hsien along the
Yunnan-Kweichou-Kwangsi border, but quite a number along the Yunnan-
French Indo-China border, YO's troops who occupied the area west
of the Yunnan-French Indo-China Railway cooperated with CHU's troops.
(3)
(4)
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At the end of April 1949, the Chinese Communist Branch Headquarters
in Yunnan further organized the Second Column of the Yunnan People's
Self-Defense Army into two People's Armed Forces, namely the Pvet
Kuang Army Corps and the South Yunnan People's Self-Defense Army.
The Pfu Kuang Army Corps led by FU (ittf ) in Psuerhhaien
was an anti-Government military troop in which -a few Communist students
crept in and succeeded in making FU formally turn to the Communists.
The South Yunnan People's Self-Defense Army led by LO Chong-ming
(tit 11E40 ) and LIU Ya-nan ato4 ) in Ssumao, Lent sang (99-59,
22-35), Mienning (10/-04, 22-47) and vicinities was also a non-
Communist troop to begin with.
That part of South Yennan controlled by the Chinese Communists wee
further enlarged after the P'u Kuang Army Corps was reorganized into
the 13 Detachment (Branch Column) of the 2 Column of the Yunnan
People's Self-Oefense Army still led by FU Hsiao-lou, and after the
South Yunnan People's Self-Defense Army was reorganized into the
11 Detachment (Branch Column) of the 2 Column of the Yunnan People's
Self-Defense Army still led by LIU Ta-nan, while LO Cheng-ming was
promoted deputy commander of the 2 Column of the Yunnan People's
Self-Defense Army.
(5) Although the 26 Armvof the Central Government set up its headquarters
in Kaiyilan about 15 March 1949 and recovered some of the towns of
the hsien from the Communists, these towns have not been very well
held. Either the Communists infiltrate by political moans or they
come back again as soon as the 26 Army withdraws. Various towns
constantly change hands and in South Yunnan the 26 Army can be
sure to hold fast only those towns along the Yunnan-Indo-China
Renew. To avoid any possible heavy lessee, CHU's major strength
is along the Yunnan-Indo-China Border and YO 's in the hsiea near
Burma. They still use the tactics of guerrilla earfare. Their
troops number about 27,000 nen.
(6) On 30 April 1949, a conference at Puerh hsien was held to bring
about the reorganization of the Plukuang Unit and the Ti nazfVorder
District People's Self-Defense Army so as to bring them unaer the
command system of the Yunnan People's Self-Defense Army, and to
consider the problem of local political regimes.
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(7) Representatives who were present at the conference are as follows:
(a) CHAO Wen A ), representative of the CCP Yunnan Provincial
Government Council.
(b) LI Po-hsiung 164 ) and YU ), representa-
tives of the 2 Column of the Yunnan People's Self-Defense Army.
LO Chen-ming (0i Ji.gg ), FU Hsiao-lou (444 ), LU En-tee
g ) and SHO Meng-chin of ), representatives of
the Pitt Kuang ) Unit and the Yi Nan (t4 ) People's
Self-Defense Army.
b. East Yunnan
(1) Communist troops of the East Yunnan People's Self-Defense Branch?,
Column in the area in East Yunnan are led by YANG Shou-tu (41/A5 )
and YANG's uncle YANG Tli-ydan (e064elie ). Their troops number
about 18,000 men and they have set up Communist bases in each one
of the hsien either in town or at the suburb of the city? For
instance, the town of Milo (103-23, 24-24) was recently recovered
by the 26 Army, but Communist bases in the suburbs are very strong.
Yagistrates in the towns simply can do nothing under the threat of
the Communists at the suburbs who may come down on the town at any .
time and without encountering any resistance fromsthe.Peace Preserva-
tion Corps or police. The town of Hsdanwei (41 ), for instance, is
in the hands of some young Hsdanwei natives who liberated themselves.
However, they find they have to leave the Communists -the suburbs in
order to maintain peace in town. Besides, they find their own sons
and daughters going over to the Communists.
c. West Yunnan
A contingent of about 5,000 men is led by LIANG Hsing-lou ago ),
Commander of the Southwest Yunnan People's Self-Defense Army which moves
about Chingtung (100-54, 24-27), kenghua (100-20, 25-15) and vicinity.
Although the town of Menghua was recoveredby the PeAce Preservation
Regiments commanded by Colonel YO Chien-hsdn (4. 0.10 )? the Communists
still move around in the suburbs. As a matter of fact, the town of Menghua
was recovered with almost no contact with the Communist troops which just
moved away as the Peace Preservation troops came over. Other troops in
7iest Yunnan which are encouraged by the Chinese Communists but have not yet
been organized into regular Communist troops include the "Anti-Opium-
ProductioneSuppression Corps" (K0ang Chlan Tui jAK) led by LI Chien-
chou (4PAi1 ), the People's Self-Defense Corps led by CHAO Fu-oh 'u
(A141110 ) and the People's Self-Defense troops led by LO Ying ).
9. Although there are no Communist troops in the municipality of Kunming, there
is considerable political and pub::i.city eork obviously taking place through-
out the city. Except for the organization of the Peasants' Union in various
Communist controlled cities and especially in the suburbs of such cities,
other political and publicity activities in Yunnan take those of Kunming as a
pattern. In Kunming as well as in the parts of Yunnan controlled by the
Communists, the Students' Union and the New Democratic Youth Corps are the
most active among all other organizations established or dominated by the
Communists.
f?
10, National Yunnan University, which used to take the lead in all student move-
ments, and recently pulled the Normal College, the Wu Hua College (kb gye
run college established by the Kuomintang elder, CHOU Tsung-ydeh Aq:1! ),
and the Provincial School of English together to form into a "league of
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leadership". "Summer" schools are established to take in high school, primary
school and even illiterate students - all free of charge. Many of the teachers
throughout the province are underground Communists, leftist lecturers, or
"professional" assistants and students. Although Chinese, English, mathematics,
and natural science are taught in such "summer" schools, the courses most
emphasized are social science -.the other name for the New Democracy
(Hain Min Chu Chu Ilk ) - and Country Dance - the famous Yang Ko
Wu (4k4K/$ ). Posters openly advertising the sale of "The New Democracy" and
other books written by MAO Tse-tung are pasted on the most obvious spots of
the campus wall. Students of the summer schools are taught to get ready "for
the dawn" and for presenting Yang No Wu to welcome the Liberation Army. Small
groups called learning Teams have been formed; conferences for discussion on
problems of the "New Democracy" and evening rallies are frequent. .
11, In the summer school of the Normal College in 1949, about 1,300 students were
- collected. The teacher o, teaches "social science" is the underground Com-
munist worker TUNG Shu cl's/X ), lecturer of the Normal College. Groups for
"learning" and conferences for discussion are led by him. In each of the
universities, colleges and schools, the Szu Lien Hui (17.01 ) has been
established. This is a union consisting of a group of representatives of the
teachers, the staff, the students and the workers of a given university, college
or school. Members of each union are either Communists or pro-Communists, they
claim that they should dominate the entire affairs of their respective univer-
sity, college or school. In addition to attacking the university, college or
school authorities, the union members demand the retention or removal of
certain professors or teachers the stopping of non-Yunnan troops from entering
Yunnan soil, for the transporting in of sufficient gold and silver reserve
before the issuance of silver yuan notes, and for everything, big and small,
military or political,
12. In the National Yunnan University, as well as in other colleges, the Departmental
Affairs Committee, which is exactly like that now at Peita or Tsiaghua in
Peiping, has already revised all curricula of the various departments for the
coming semester. The course in the San Min Chu I has not only been cancelled
from the curricula and replaced by Merxian-Leninism and New Democracy but the
students have refused to take any examination on San Min Chu I and civics.
Students claim that they are getting ready for the "taking-over" job, About one-
eixth of the students of National Yunnan University and of the Normal College,
and quite a number of high school and even primary school students, have left
the university or schools during the summer vacation for home ostensibly, but
actually in order to join the service of YANG Shou-tu (A kr ) or A Wei-min,
13? The high school teachers, the primary School teachers, the reporters and
editors, bank employees, rickeha coolies, etc., have their unions. All such
unions follow the representative system whereby a few Communist members repre-
sent the entire body. As soon as the Su Lien Hui of universitioracolleges
and schools demand or protest something, other unions follow suit. On 7 August
1949 the ricksha coolies' union demanded that the municipal government stop
running any buses in tom, because since the bus resumed operation in July 1949
the ricksha coolies have lost business, On 8 August the municipal government
ordered the bus company to turn its downtown run to long distance suburb
service. On 9 August 1949, the bus drivers' union demanded that the municipal
government withdraw its order.. Neither the Students' Union nor any of the
press organs criticise this case as they do in almost all other instances.
114 The following is biographical data on other important figures in the province:
a, CHUANG 'Men (grO ), General native of Ch'iungchou (110-21, 20-02)
Heinen Island; participated in the revolution of 1926; went to Moscow
to study military science after the Kuomintang purged the Communists in
CONfiltlibill'art A.
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1927; returned and became political commissar of a regiment of the Red
Army in Kiangsi; participated in the Long March during ehich his left
foot was seriously wounded; organized the Hainan Island )inti-Japanese
Independent Column in 1940 together with FG Pai-chu (;,t ) who was
then ccmmander of the column and CHUANG Ttien's deputy; went to Nanking
to negotiate with the Kuomintang for the withdrawal of the column to North
China during the Kuomintang-Communist peace talks in 1946; failed in the
negotiation and was blocked by the Kuomintang; was obliged to lead some of
the troops of the column first to Kwangtung then to the border of Yunnan
and Kwangsi where he joined CHU Chia-pi's troops; was made commander of the
Yunnan-Kweiehou-Kwangsi Border Column of the Chinese People's Liberation
Army in January 1949.
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b. CHU Chia-pi (tet#, ), General, native of Yunnan and nephew of the well-
known former division co ander of LUNG Yun's troops, CHU Hsu (taft )
alias 0411 Hsiao-tung (IL AL); graduate of the 8th graduation class of
the Thampoa Unitary Academy; believed in Nihilism advocated by PA Chin
(et ) and Bakhunin to begin with but turned to be a strong believer in
Earxism-Leninism after receiving his training in the Anti-Japanese College
in Yenan in North Shensi during the war; was made educational executive
secretary of the North Shensi Public Academy after graduation from the Anti
Japanese College; was then sent to Chungking for secret service work and
later to Yunnan where he became chief and training officer of the Students'
Military Training Corps and then chief of LU Han's Special Service Regiment;
because of his uncle's friendship with LU, he followed LU Han to French Ledo-
China to participate in the ceremony of the Japanese surrender in 1945 during
which period General TU Yu-ming entered Yunnan and disarmed LUNG Tun '8 men
while General HO Ying-ch'in negotiated with LU Han in French Indo-China;
CHU tried to persuade LU not to give in to HO but did not succeed; was
imprisoned by HOos men for about a month; released by LU Han when the latter
formally became governor of Yunnan; went into business and made some money,
and than quietly went to Mi-10 (INTh ) and Shih-taung (104-00, 24-50) amda
openly raised his banner of revolt in February 1948; was made deputy
commanding officer of the Yunnan-Kweichou-Kwangsi Border Column? With quite
a number of students in his column who were formerly trained by him in the
Students' Military Training Corps and many from National Yunnan University,
CHU's column of troops possesses a high degree of political consciousness
and is very successful in assimilating more students and more nen from
Central Government forces as well as from the municipal and provincial
governments?
c. LI Po-hsiung ) old member and political cadre of the Chinese
Communist Party who formed a Communist base in Yuanchiang (101-59, 23-38),
Mochiang (101-41, 23-36) and their vicinities and who joined YU Wei-min's
troops nearby and later formed the Second Column of the Yunnan People's
Self-Defense Army with II as commander and YU as LI G8deputy?
d. YU Wei-min (I: 41,ra ), graduate of the? 8th graduation class of Whampoa
Military Academy, the same class as that of CHU Chia-pi; was also trained
in Yenan in the Anti-Japanese College during the ear and then secretly sent
to the Kuomintang controlled areas to take zilitary posts - first as chief-
of-staff of a Kuomintang division then aseleputy commander of the 6 Regional
Peace Preservation Headquarters in Yunnan; revolted in August 1948, conquered
Yuanchiang Sat ), Lungwu (102-35, 23-52), Shihping (102-31, 23-43) and
reached as far as Tunghai (ittga ), Chuchi (102-42, 23-58), Oshan (102-21,
24-12)?
YANG Shou-tu (4450 ); born in about 1922; native of Luliang, Yunnan;
young; disguised himself as a girl by the name of Miss MA Li (t ) and
joined the Chinese Communist Party with his brother and sister )ten very
moved around East Yunnan doing propaganda work during the war againat the
comp
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CENTRAL TELLIGENCE AGLNU
Japanese; later entered National Yunnan University and served as top leader
of student movements; has been leading guerrilla warfare in the villages of
East Yunnan since about August 1948.
YANG Ti-yuan ()40, )*, YANG Shou-tu's uncle; he is about sixty years
of age and a former member and vice-chairman of the Le Iiang Haien Council;
could not get along with Magistrate YANG Yu-shan (4 J4 ) in certain
financial matters and so left Lu-hang together with YANG Shou-tu; a cool-
promise ASS arranged by the provincial government and he came back but went
away again in April 1948; led some of his mon to La-Wing (104-20, 24-58)
then to Lu-hsi (103-45, 24-31) to join CHU Chia-pi and attack Chiu-pei
(104-12, 24e06) together with CHU's mon; refused to be bought by the pro-
vincial government and formally joined the People's Liberation Army in
the summer of 1948.
LIANG Hsing-lou (01;111- ), native of Yunnan and in his early sixties;
was former deputy commander of the 58 Army of Yunnan; he governs his army
with good discipline.
h. SHIH Kuo-liang of 41 kJ, born in Luehai in about 1919; belongs to the
Yi tribe; graduated from the Normal College in the summer of 1949; was
discouraged by the present government and joined the group of leftist Ti
students who collected intelligeece for the Communists in the summer of
1949 in Kunming; followed the group and went home with them in July 1949
but came back after only a few days bringing a village boy who as well as
himself did not like the "learning" obligations in the liberated area.
Good-natured and musical; careful but sincere; he knows many middle-rank
Communist officials in East and South Yunnan rho are either from the Ti
tribe or are Chinese.
CN'EN Erh-p'i (6..14 ), born in Hsuan-wei (104-00, 26e14) in about 1918;
graduate of National Yunnan University; was assistant of the Normal College
in 1948; with the good will of liberating the people of his native hsien
from corrupt officials, he returned to Hauan-wei at the end of 1948 and
together with a few young Heuan-rei natives who are honest and capable removed
the corrupt officials and took over the administration. Having served as
chief of the Education Bureau of the haien, CHIEN has recently become pretty
discouraged at the, fact that they did not have the full liberty of doing
things. Pressure from the Communists at the suburbs is strong. Although
his friend the magistrate, whose surname is CH'IU ), is a liberal hard
working military man, the magistrate's son and daughter have gone to the
suburbs and joined the Communists. At the end of July 1949, CH 'EN left
Hsuan-wei for Chu-ching (071 ); because some troops of the 26 Army were
said to arrive soon ad administrative personnel of the hseen vere apt to be
misunderstood - that they meant to cooperate with the Communists at the
suburbs - and get arrested.
CHAO Shao-hsin +Ili ), lieutenant of the Peace Preservation Regiment
under Colonel YU Chien-hesun ( itp ) in West Yunnan (Headquarters at Ta
Li (100-11, 25-43), native of Yunnan; has been in the Peace Preservation
Troops for seven years knows many middle ranked military officialsin the
Peace Preservation Regiments and the 26 Army.
k. LIU Chia-tso ), born in Kiangai in about 1924; junior class student
of the Normal College who stays in the same compound as the Ti tribe students;
has been in Kunming for three years; possesses good knowledge of the Chinese
Communist ways of doing things in Kiangsi and with which knowledge as founda-
? tion he seeks to know and understand more about the Communist activities in
Kunming and Yunnan than an average college student; good honest young man,
hard worker; a liberal element.
31
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