MILITARY ACADEMY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R006200340001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 7
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 20, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: October 8, 1950
• Content Type: REPORT

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COVN I.
TOPIC
REPORT NO.
Eilitaa Acade
25X1X
EVALUATION PLACE OBTAINED,
25X1A
DATE OF CONTENT 25X1 A
DATE OBTAINED DATE PREPARED 8 October 1950
REFERENCES
1Sta and :'a o er ),uestionna re;
PAGES ' ENCLOSURES (NO. & TYPE) 3 - 1 Schedule
List of cers
REMARKS
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3.
Organization and strength
1. In connection with the reorganization of the itumanian .Yar Colleges in the
stn ner of 1949, the former Higher Officer School was redesignated ..ilitary
Academy (LA). The structure of this installation was simultaneously
thoroughly reorganized.
2. The *"A is still in the building of the former Higher Officer school at
68 Soseaua Pandurilor in fiuchare^t. It is directly controlled by the
General Staff and has the APN 100.
4. The headquarters of the "."A,, which trains general staff officers and senior
commanders, has the following de:artments.
ae Adjutant" s office, which is also the personnel department and
secretariat for unclassified correspondence and secret corres-
pondence. Adjutants were Capt Alexandru ':'unteanu up to August
19I.9.and let Lt. Antanasiu, (fnu), up to beptember 1949. Both
officers were non--Communists.
Conrandi.ng general of the !"A is Major General Josef ^utoiu, and his poli-
tical deputy and head of the political department is Colonel Arsenescu
jfnu), Colonel 3,'ugen Costica, whose political deputy is 1st Lieutenant
.-erekes, (fnu), is in charge of administration. Colonel Jan Panaitescu
is in charge of studies. Until September 1949, the head of the SIA (servi-
ciul do informatial armatei - Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces)
was tiajor Predescu, (fnu), who was entrusted with the political surveil-
lance of the whole staff, including the instructors.
b. 1`obilizatiori department, which keeps the records on the future
assignment of th.: trainees as will as of the cadre personnels,
handles all travel natters and has to prepare the orders of the
day of the A.
ni aeeIcinATInni -C0,N- US, 011 25X1 A
yap and visual aid department' Which has to supply all the in-
struction r^aterial needed for the courses.
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d. Clothing department.
e. Athletic department, in charge of physical training.
f. Treasury.
g~ Printing shop.
h. Library,, which procures all military literature published at home
as well as abroad.
i. Motor traffic department, headed by Capt farnagea, (fnu). Six
buses, trucks and passenger cars are at the dispoaal of the YA.
~. Cadre company of about 165 officers and enlisted personnel, vnhich
details guards, orderlies, and messengers. The APN of this unit
is 1504.
5. With regard to training, the HA is organized into army, air force and navy
departments, which are, in turn, subdivided into faculties. In each facul-
ty general staff officers and regimental comranders of the branch. of service
concerned are being trained.
6. The army department consists of the following faculties:
a. General:
Chief; Lieutenant Colonel I'avlovski, (fnu)
Political officer: Captain Valentin Ionescu
In charge of studies: Lieutenant Colonel Fotescu, (fnu).
This faculty conducts the training of infantry and cavaIG' officers.
b. Artillery: Chief, Major General 3tavrescu, (fnu).
c. Tank troopt Commanding officer, Colonel Parvanescu, (fnu).
d. Engineer: Commanding officer, Colonel Zaharia, (fnu)..
e. Signal: Commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Ionita, (fnu).
7. The air force department is composed of the aviation faculty and the anti-
aircraft faculty.
8. The strengths of the two classes under training in the 19149/50 term were
260 trainees M the first year and 11O trainees in the second year. Of
these, 110 trainees were from the army. They were assigned to the indivi-
dual faculties as follows:
General faculty 43
Artillery faculty 28
Tank troop faculty 14
Engineer faculty 12
Signal faculty 13
Twenty trainees belonged to the airforce, and 10 trainees to the navy.
Selection of Traineess
9. Only those officers are permitted to take the YA entrance examination who
weire given an excellent rating; during their previous careers who served
one year as a company comitander, who are not older than 35 years, and who
support the present regime. The application must be approved by all
superiors, chiefs of staffs and political officers of the regiment, and
the correspondir higher superiors of the divisional and MI) headquarters
and the general staffs.
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10. The admission examination is usually held in the spring. and consists
of a written examination and an oral examination. In the written
examination, the applicant must solve a tactical problem within the frame-
work of a reinforced battalion, to compose a study on problems of military
science each as military history, military geography, and science of
weapons, and another study of a general scientific character dealing with
questionsof physics, law, chemistry,, political economy, sociology, etc.
The composition of a political essay was dropped because intellectuals
wrote good papers, although they wore not true Coinunists. In the oral
examination, the tactical subject of the written composithn, other mili-
tary subjects and political problems are discuabed.. Compared with
previous years, the requirements dealing; with military knowledge of
candidates were reduced.
11. Three hundred and eighty officers took part in the entrance examination
for the 1983/1949 term. One hundred and ten of them passed this examina-
tion. The college year zsMally starts on 1 Septembers after the trainees
have attended a course of political indoc*rination at the political
training center in '?reaza, about 90 km north northwest of Bucharest, in
August. The training at the MA lasts two years.
Ulitary Training.
12. For each subject there is one instructor who may be assisted by other
instructors. There are the following subjects;
a. General and infantry tactics.
Chief instructor Colonel Dan Crigore,
Six assistant instructors, including Colonel Vidari, (fnu); ',Vaajor
Qonstantin Serbu; RRajor Sava, (feu); 11'ajor Vasiliu--?tascanu, (fnu)
and rfa jor Cretu, (fnu).
b. Artillery tactics.
Chief instructor Major General Stavrescu, (fnu) .
Five assistant instructors, including Colonel Trandaf1rescu, (fnu);
Lieutenant Colonel Costel.eartu, (fnf$), 1, ajor Ion Pana and Major
Yana., (fnu).
d. Tactics of the tank and mechanized troops.
Chief instructor Colonel Parvanescu, (fnu).
three assistant instructors, including Major Bianu, (fnu).
d. Cavalry tactics.
Instructar Major Bianu, (fnu).
e. Engineer tactics.
Chief instructor Colonel Zaharia, (fnu).
Three assistant instructors, including Lieutenant Colonel Vateescu, (fnu).
f. Signal corps tactics.
Chief instructor Lieutenant Colonel lonita, (fnu).
Three assistant instructors, including Lieutenant Colonel )'inciunescu,
(fnu).
g. Supply tactics.
Chief instructor Colonel Tudor, (fnu).,
Two assistant instructors, including; Lieutenant Colonel Selarut., (fnu) .
h. Air force tactics.
Three instructors, Including Lieutenant Colonel Mann Deica
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i. Antiaircraft artillery tactics.
Three instructors, including Major Dumitru Marine
J. Naval tactics.
Chief instructor Captain (Nav) Eugen Savulesc.
k. Army organization.
1. Theory of Warfare.
Instructors: Major General ;alter Roman, deputy chief of the general
staff, and Major Ban tea, (fnu).
m. Planning and methods of conbat.
Instructor Lieutenant Colonel Velescu, (fnu).
n. Military history.
Instructor Colonel Ion Focsaneanu, who is not a member of the MA
faculty, and Major loan Cupsa. '
o. !ilitary geography.
Instructor lAajor Cioroiu, (fnu).
pe Chemical defense.
q. Technical progress.
r. Counter intelligence.
Instructor, a colonel of the Second Department of the General Staff.
Russian language.
t. Politics.
Instructors: The political officers of the tilitary Ada&dmy, professors
and trainees of the Political Academy, and other guest instructors.
13. During the army purge between 1946 and 191L8 numerous capable instructors
were dimmissod, so that V ere was already a shortage of good teachers at
the Higher Officer school. When the MA was established some anti-Communists
were ro-.engaged as instructors, so that sufficient teachers were available
in the 1949/1950 training year. *
14u The most important subject in the program of each faculty is the tactics
of the branch of service concerned. The next most important subjects are
the tactics of the other branches of service. All the other lectures are
equal in rank in each faculty. Sixty percent of the lecturers deal with
military training, 30 percent concern the political field, and 10 percent
deal with questions of general training.
15. A new method of instruction was introduced with the establishment of the
1%. Lectures are being held during Which the trainees take notes, in case
no manuals on the subject concerned are available. A couple of days later,
during vhich period the trainees are supposed to familiarize themselves
vr9.th the subject, the subject is dealt with once more in a discussion
session. The teaching prograr. of the tactical su"jects provides additional
homework on the same topics, the solution of which is discussed in the class
room. After completion of a theme, the results are summarized by the
teachers,;
16. In addition to theor?tical instruction, there are tactical problems, which
are prepared on maps and. Which are later discusses? in the field. %*xercises
are also held, with the trainees acting as comma: der a of headquarters and
units taking part in those exercises, soma of. are performod at
ni^ht,. They take lace in a strip of terrain, 30 to 6.0 km wide, south of
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Bucharest. War games are also held in several rooms of the MA building,
with signal communication beinn employed.
17. In the summer between the first and the second training year, the trainees
are detached for service with tactical units. Inspections of military
training centers also take place in the course of the two training years.
Thus, in the 1948/1949 training year, the artillery training center in
Dadi.lov (R b3/44/C 06), the antiaircraft artillery training center in
Brasov (ii 35/R 38), the infantry and cavalry. training center in St.Gheorge
it 45/8 5o), the engineer training center in hamnic Valcea (it 3S AI 33),
and that of thptank troops in Bucharest-Chencea were inspected. Maneuvers
and new Soviet equipment were demnstrated during these inspections. The
trainees also participated in the Rumanian Army maneuvers, for example,
in the fall of 1949.
18. An examination is held at the end of the first year of training. The
final examination follows at the end of the second year of training.
This examination consists of a written solution of a tactical divisional
problem, of notes for a lecture on the same theme, of answering questions
concerning this theme, and of an oral political examination. The tactical
problem is made known three to four months before the end of the training.
The fiL-Wl examination of the age class to which source bdJonged was
scheduled to be held in July 1950. After having passed that final examina-
tion, the trainees will be transferred to headquarters as commissioned
general staff officers. Those who fail to pass this examination success-
fully are retransferred to a field unit. The same applies to all political-
ly unreliable trainees.
Political Training
19. Political indoctrination is of decisive importance at the 11A. The career
of each individual trainee depends upon his political attitude. The
Minister of the Armed Forces, Colonel 0 eral Bodnares, once said, "Only
those leaders will stand the test of battle who went through a thorough
political training."
20. The political activities take place within several organizations, the most
important of which is the Political Apparatus. The Superiod headquarters
of the "Political Apparatus" of the VA is the Political Department in the
Armed Forces Ministry. In addition to the political officers at the Academy's
top echelon, each faculty has one political commander of its own and several
special commissars. In addition, cne trainee of each training group is in
charge of political questions and is assisted in his missions by a deputy.
Political lectures are given not only by the permanent members of the MA
teaching; staff, but also by numerous teachers from the Political Academy,
such as Major General W. Roman, Major nantea, (fnu), and Major MMihat
Ionescu.
21. The political officers of the, MA. and of the individual faculties devise
the whole political program e d watch the political activities and attt-
tude of. each individual. In this they are assisted by the trainees in
charge of political affairs in each training group. The chiefs of political
study groups thoroughly discuss with the trainees the political problems
dealt with in the lectures, for which purpose six hours per week are at
their disposal. Questions are asked and discussions initiated in these
seminars, with a view to carefully scrutinizing the political attitude
of each individual. Those trainees who are in charge of political affairs
must be members of the Party. They forward all regultions and directives
to the trainees, distribute the propaganda material, draw up weekly programs
for the political work of the training groups;, organize the work for the
political board newspaper, appoint so-called political agitatoln-,1 for
demonstrations, give political orders forthe vacation period, and control
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the individuals' attitude. They are, also entrusted with shadowing the
trainees outside the "A and api-,ointing those trainees who have to criticize
their fellow trainees along exact lines laid dowi b.~f them. Good friends
and countrymen are usually appointed as criticizers, in order to thus
destroy the connections betv.eon the criticizers and the criticized.
22. Each training group has a so-called board ne.aspaper in its work room.
This is to be prepared by each individual group. An editorial board,
consisting of five trainees and appointed by the "political machinery!,
is in charge of this task. There are periodicals-and such newspapers
which are published only once in connection with special events. The
board paper consists of a lead article, a report on the Croup9s political
life, an essay on the a photo mction wt th pictures of the soviet
A s", a joke section, and drawings. The topics of each newspaper are. to
be prepared by the trainees of the group concerned. Those who do not
volunteer for an article are assigned a task. Most of the contri'.:'utions
are published only after they have been repeatedly revised according
to the directives of the editorial board.
23. This political work alm comprises the composition of political pamphlets
for special events and the decoration of classrooms and study rooms in
connection with important political events. Huge posters covering the
entire front side of a building or one wdl of a hall are often produced.
A press show is held three time$er week in the first working hour of the
day. After the reading of an artidle from the Scantela party paper,
a discussion is started. The political activities also include attendance
at soviet motion -Pictures and Political demonstrations, in which the trainees
have to act as a group according to prepared programs. The time and the
text of each group are exactly fixed in advance. Theoretically, partici-
patsLn in all these performances is voluntary, Practically, however, each
trainee not participating voluntarily is removed from the 21A.
24. On occasion of Stalin's 70th birthday all trainees were advised to
voluntarily write letters of devotion to Stalin. These letters were
checked before they w.~ro allegedly forwarded and had to be written along
the directives of the "political machinery*,
25, The "political machinery" also influences the selection and the treatment
of the tactical subjects. The instructo:s are obliged to act in close
connection with the "political machinery." How ridiculous the influence of
the political machinery frequently is may be illustrated by the following
example:
The instructor in charge of naval strategy demonstrated the sling
of the humarian Navy by pointing with his hand at the map. He
point.+d in the direction of the Crimea. Thereupon a Communist
trainee denounced the instructor. He was rebuked because he had
indicated a district of the U.S.S.h. as assault direction instead of
pointing toward Turkey.
26, There are separate party cells within the T'A for instruction officers, the
cadre personnel, civilians, and trainees. Conferences, in which the work
of the party is explained, are held by thew cells. The party members are
the activists in the military units and have to imbue the other people with
enthusiasm for the Communist idelology.
27. The ARLUS (Asociata Romana pentru strengerea legaturilor cu Uniunea
Sovietica) (Rumanian Association for Closer Friendship with the G.".
is the largest mass organization, mezhership in which is compulsory for
all NA personnel, instructors as well as trainees. All members of ,AbLUS
are organized in a section, which is headed by a special board of
directors. In addition, each faculty and each study group has a special
ARLUS commissioner. The ARI.US has the mission of Sovietizing the ;ride
masses by demonstrations, lecture^, moving pictures., distribution of
pamphlets, etc.
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2B. All soldiers also are voluntary members of the Uniunca Tinerotului
i'uncitoresc (Labor Youth Association) (tH.IT) which is entrusted with
of future party functionaries.
the traininr
29. Socialist contests, which are common in tll factories and plants, are
also orga rd. zed at the VA and are arranged by the "political machinery."
'fir goals are punctuality, discipline, economy, attendance at motion
picture shows, etc. The contrasts are supervised by committees which
exist in the M Ax the faculties and the study group s e The committees
produce graphic charts which show the achievementabf the individual
croups.
30. The system of criticism and self-criticism plays an important part in
political training. In general, imaginary and non-existent faults are
confessed because of this system,, which is one of those mysterious
means used to rule the mass=es. Everyone is bound to frankly confess and
denounce all faults to the Communists, his own faults as well as those
of his comrades. Hence, everyone is obliged to control the activities
of his comrades..
31. Dispite this immense political pressure, the majority of the trainees
of the VA disliked the regime. About 90 to 95 percent of the 1943/1949
class and about 70 percent of the 1949/1950 class were inwardly non-
Co?nunists. The non--Communist circles consider another war as the only
chance for salvation of their country, In this event these people were
resolved to work for the t^+est, to desert or to join the anti-Cow.,unist
partisan:. They are not satisfied with the present activities of the
resistance movement, as it lacks a uniform organization and clear leader-
ship.
Yiscellaneous?,
34. The majority of the 1.11 trainees are accomodated in the MMA building.
The families, however, remain in their previous places of residence.
There are only a few cases in which trainees are allowed to take their
families to Bucharest. The'trainees get an annual summer leave of about
30 days.
35a Clothing is issued to the trainees. The service color of the ?IA is yellow.
It is worn on the cap ribbon, on the collar patches, on the epaulets and
on the elgings of the trousers. The only marks worn by so-called commis-
sioned general staff officers are aiguillettes.
36. peals are served to the trainees in the MA for 1,000 to 1,500 Lel. pax month?
The food is just adequate, although the trainees buy additional rations.
37. The 3;1,'A trat nees receive thq1owest salary of their rank bracket, since
they c?:;:.nnot claim any extra a11owannes. Vropr the average salary, which
is 11,000 to 13,000 Lei = salaries for captains and majors, 1.,500 to
1,800 Lei are deducted as dues for political organizations, newspapers
subscriptions, voluntary gifts, etc., in addition to deductions for board.
Hence, the rest of the salary, 'which the trainee, s family must live on,
is very small.
25X1A Comment. See Annex 2 for list of instructors and trainees known.
went See Annex 3 for example of weekly instruction schedule.
25X1 A 1 Standard Manpower Questionnaire
1 Instruction Schedule
1 List of Officers
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