MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY OF THE NATIONAL REPUBLIC OF MONTENEGRO

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R007100650008-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: November 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 19, 1999
• Sequence Number: 8
• Publication Date: April 14, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

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RIMATION REPORT CD NO.
4gricu1ture and 1.'orestry of
Republic of Montenegro
,
DATE DICTR 14 APT? 51
NO. OF PAGES 6
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO 25X1X
REPORT NO.
7"-e organization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the National
Republic of Montenegro is As follows:
Title
Minister
Assistant ninister
Assistant Minister
for operations
Third Minister
General Director
Nam
Lomnen Cerovic
Jasha Novakovic
i;.111jaca
Sava Vujacic
Dustin Vuckovic
Chief of Reforestation Engineer Dimitrije Pogo
Chief of Care for Engineer Vladimir Ljovin
kOrests
Remarks
From Titogradoformerly a
teach a. in charge of
general affairs.
In charp of draining Lake
rkadar.
Chief of general forest
surveys. In chorge of
exploitation and protec-
tion of wooded areas.
leforestation section, care
of forests and regulation
of flood.
2. Until the beginning of 1950, the Ministry contained a control division which
was headed by Assistant Minister 'Luke Zaruvica as President. In 1950 this
section was eliminated as were other control commissions in other industries,
and now only one control commission attached to the government of Montenegro
exists. The commission, in addition to other sections, has i section for
forestry, heeded by Milorad Djurhovic, a forestry engineer. The Ministry of
Agriculture and Forestry has under its jurisdiction the following five
Forest Managements:
FTAIE Ev
!ARMY
CLASSIFICATION
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linTITEAL INTELLIO7NCE AGrUCY
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ss
or srJenseenent: Niksiet ;eirmetor,t Petnr lijuskovic; Assistant
eleseeser fesee Cakic, eininoer or "srestry.
, Giese iseeinenont: Ples17e; Direotre: rsdovan Jalsle; Assist5n'-.
siseeieer: aE1,0 Prelieeic. engineer of forestry.
_ssee, fleaees ent: nolnnenx DirectQr Hkic. &snail?, enoinesse of
eese es-1z re. ent: Berle (Ivangrad); Director:
e?' _'ereeeese heststent Director: Peter
eeee-, :trw.er-ont: Kot-or- Director: Grigoe,
-.ieeeeer: le, inie Neven. eneinner of forestrs.
?
Obred 2,arubica.
Otosevics
engineer; Assiseant
Each of tie above maeaeements has from 5 to 6 sonloyees at the most, and
ke-Al 10 tO. 15 :iernermen. The mosiority of lunbermenr are party menbene, and
oely from 2 to -sr cent ere non.nerty members.
The lanistry of re!riculturs and Foreetry and the Minister who heads it do
vele deternincond are not in charge of, forestry policy. They also have
to doviUseeking -Important decisions. The person within the
'21-1.5try in charm of forestre policy is Dusnn Vuekovielllnhe lacks ability
eed interest for this type of merit. as entire job is one of blind sub-
mission.. and he brks only to carry out orders and directives, formerly
:sod by the Planning Commission, and now issued by the lade:stria...1 Council
the National Tepublic of ;Iontenegro. This does not nenn that the
lunter two bodies are independent o? the "inistry of the Montenegrin
T,sopublic in the field of forestry. The Republic Planning Coemission, form-
erly, and now the Industrial Council ore under the jurisdiction of the
Federal Planning, Comnission from which they receive orders arid directives
coverine uorl:, in the forestry field. Thus, the Central (Federal) Govern.
eene is ia charge of forestry policy of Montenerro.
At .-ho same time. the Federal Commiesion is instructions end sete up
neeeaction plans :''or the Ministry of Industry which is, likelise, in
esiorge of the l'ool Industry. ?or tlis? approval or agreement of the Minietry
of Agriculture and Forestry is not resTired. Accordingly, the work of the
aleietry of Forestry, orkm6re sreciseiY., the Ministry of Agriculture
consists rainly in reforestation. There is cause to fear thet under such
srandiose plans end such criminal exploitation, Montenegro will within
five years be radioed to nothing. PcInicies regarding forestry for :on-
tenogro and for the other republics, are mainly formulated along the
lines of thong-et of Boric Kidric, who, in one of his s'Atemento made
before Yunoslav forest specialists, said:
If the socialist management demands, that is to sry?
if policy so &mends, we shall cut down all the trees
ard aeein reforest the land.1'
This statement rade by. Udric is beine suecessfully adapted. everywhere in
forest economy ith ho abve nttltudeit'w)re wria 174,:) no ncrn ferosts
at the end of the first five veers. An answer, made by a pecminent
forestry specialist offlonteneero, to Kidric'e statement was as follows:
'1ThepoLitical management of country ie better informed
than err specialist."
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The work of the ilinistry of Aerieulture and Forestry thus consists mainly
of reforestation projects. The Five Year Plan provides for the reforest-
ation of 2,500 hectares of barren Nontenegrin land. The plan was changed in
1950 and the number of hectales for reforestation raised to 3,500.
Considerine the reforestation of barren land would mainly cover the rocky
(Karst) areas, it is impossible to consider that even the initial plan of
2,500 hectares can be carried out since neither nevem/or nor necessary
tools are availableg The example of the mountain reforestation project
to Trobjest? near Viksic, is the best proof of the type of results that
can be achieved, During the occupation, the citizens of Niksic, then
under Partisan control, stripped the forests of Trebjese down to the roots,
neforestation of this area uas already begun in 1946. The Trebjese (wood)
area covers approximately 200 hectares. The plan provides for the annual
reforestation of from 50 to 60 hectares, nach year reports state the plan
has not only been carried out, but even exceeded. But after four years of
constant reforestation of the Trebjese area, 80 hectares are still void of
trees. Thus, according to ?facial reports, the project of reforestation
has been carried on from 1946 to 1950 each year, and each time 50 hectares
have been covered with trees. This would mean that Trebjese has 250 hec-
tares. But it acteelly only has 200, 120 hectares of which have been
reforested.
Os Nevertheless, plans have been surpassed and graphs have been dram. False
reports are submitted, and articles written up in the newspaper. A
forester who can lewdly write submits a written report to the director of
the nanagenent based on a viene3 survey of the area reforested in one day.
These daily reports are summed up in 10-day reports and from these month-
ly reports are rade. The reports are then forwarded to the Planning
Commission and from here to the Control 'Commission if the plan has not
been exceeded. If the plan has been eeeeeded than everything is in order,
and the reports are sent to the Federal Planning Commission. Nobody ever
checks to verify the reeorts. For this reason arrr manager who wishes to
advance in his poeition or to be reworded exceeds the plan by means of
felsified and incorrect documents. If ever any check is made, it is
made by people who are not specialists. The.commission is only interested
in having protocol and bookkeeping in order, and never actually cheeks the
figures in the books.
7. The greatest actual amount of reforestation is being done in the vicinity
of Titograd. However, considering the climate (draught), and the hardness
of the soil (conglomerate) the success of the project, and of newly planted
trees which do not die amounts to Iron 10 to 15 nor cent at the most. The
percentage in the area of Cemovsko lolje and other parts of Velje Brdo is
from 25 to 30 per cent.
,. The number of poreanent workers engaged in reforestation is very srell, and,
in each forest eanagenent, amounts to between 10 to 20 men at the most.
ech management has at least two specialists. The main, if not the entire;
job falls on the Pront labor brigade. Convicts and prisoners are terrcrer-
ily employed in the vicinity of Titograd. The Front Labor brigades are
headed by brigadiers who submit a report to the specialist with a statement
as to how many DBW trees have been planted. Usually these reports are in-
correct, and exarr,erate the amounts, but experts can do nothing but accept
them. The Front brigades promise to plant a certain number of trees, and
although this might have been done only on paper, it must be accepted, or
the specialist is in danger of being merRed as an enemy of the country
and of the regime The Front brigades have municipal and district units.
The success of their work is nil since the people engaged in this work
are employed at their private jobs during the week and then are forced
to work 8 to 11 hours on such reforestation projects. Such a citizen uorhe
eithout any interest; his only aim is that he be noticed by some of the unit
managers. Frequently specialists find the brigade planting trees upside
down with the branches planted in the earth (sic), bile young trees are bin,
being transported, very little attention is paid to their csre, and the
plant root is often damaged. The hole in which the tree is planted is
often very shallow, and is not more than 10 centimeters deep. (For this
at least 30 centimeters of depth are required.)
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Front workers who particieate in the planting project often number 600
non. They are frequently assisted by the military and by school child-
ren. There is often a /ack of tools, and there can hardly be a question
of giving them professional advice. Specialized personnel, who may
supervise and enneee the work of eefotestation also are lacking. Dis-
trict and municipal comnittees determine the amount of manpower to be
sent out on thee? projects without taking into consideration the above
oircumetances. The main thing in that the specialist chosen has the
necoesary ausliacations, but whether he can Teenage and control the
number of peorle employed is of secondary importance.
10. The forest nurseries, which exist in almost every forest management,
ere the only actual and positive contribution to reforestation. Such
nurseries era located in Niksic? Titograd, Bar, Kotor, Berane? Kolasin
and Plevlje. Here the greatest attention is devoted to the cultivation
of new &loots. Total arnual production of new shoots in all nurseries
amounts to 5 million units. Shoots are largely almond and fir (black and
nlpine). The majority of nurseries were built before the ear and some
have been enlareed, such as the ones in Niksic, Titograd, ie:)tor,and Bar.
The Ilinistry and forest ranagements devote a lot of attention to the
shoots, no that any failure in reforestation should not be attributed
to insufficient quantities. The forest nurseries are very well culti-
vated and managed by specialiets.
U. The euestion of introducing order be the forests of Ibntenegro was taken
up only in the latter part of 19470 upon strict orders issued by the
nederal ininistry. Up to that time, lumber camps and local committees
cut down forests without orders and often without the knowledge of the
forest managers. The main thing was to receive the assignmeet either
fror the Planning Commission or directly from the District Farty organ-
isation and the ren would go out and cut the trees which suited them
most, often those alongside the roods. Since the Five Year Plan demanded
that an inventory be taken over a period of two years (visual survey)
at all existing forests, the inventory uas completed in rontenegro in
1949. The entire area covered with forests mounted to 489,000 hectares,
This tetal can be expressed in teems of 58,680,000 meters. From this
12,604,000 meters are of fir trees and 46,076,000 meters of deciduous
trees (including brushwood). Since beech is largely of a very poor
(reality only from 3 to 15 per. cent of these trees can be actually esed,
Ince eTereroen forests or eixed forests heee ;eon nereelv uti-
Ltzed tefore the war, such as the Bjela (lora, the Somine, Vojnik?
?eeske forests, Sarenshe Forests erejhowaea, earljeva :bunhain, Soltulari,
irucjel Oral Vrh, 7asl-e-fee eeente, Reyna Gore and hunjevica, the amount
of evergreens 'which could be cut down after the war amounted to 25 per
cent. After the deearture of the Germans only from 3 to 5 per cent
evergreens renamed in the nixed forest areas. Before the war, the
amount that could be cut reached as high as 70 per cent, and was justi-
fiable because the e forests were very old end had almost become jungles.
Fir trees had overgrown tho beech trees to such an extent that beech
trees could no longer carry out their natural task, (toclear or cat the
branches of the evergreens, and thus increase the value of the evergreens
Iowever, further cutting of the evergreens in the same forests after the
"liberation, and the reduction of their numbers to 5 per cent means that
these forests will be turned into deciduous forests, that is,into beech
forests, which have no value.
12. Not only ls management of this kind conduttod in these forests, but also
In forests opened for utilization after the ear, Such an example is the
wood area, Ljubastice0 beneath the eoeeei &ere-eine, During a detailed
1..n7ntor7T of this mixed foreet of 620 hectares taken in 1947, it was
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eetahlished that it containel 434,000 cubic meters of trees, (130,200 cubic
meters of evergreens and 303.S00 cubic neters of beech). Of the evergreens,
62,000 cubic meters (trees with a diameter of 30 centimeters and up) were
available for cueting. Hoverer, of this amount only 30,000 cubic Teeters
were set aside for cutting fer the survival of the forests.
.
In the meantime, since 1947 ap to the present date, 75,000 cubic meters of
trees have been cut. TI is means that 13,000 extra cubic meters of trees,
with a diameter of 30 centimeters and up, were entered in the tree inventor;
The reason for this is that ehe Vukman Kruscic enterprise chopped dem the
eatire mass of 62,01)0 cubic aeters regardless of the existing plan of the
l!inistre which aeproved the cutting of 30,000 cubic meters of trees In this
particular 'wood area. Furtheemore? in order to comply with the assicinent
given it by the Planning 0elnission oi Montenegro to supply beans, the
7e1man eruscic enterprise proceeded with cutting 13,000 cubic metes of
evergreens which were less than 30 centimeters in diameter. At present, the
ratio of deciduols trees to evercreens is 303,800 to 55,200 which would
mean 84 per cent beech and la per cent evergreen. in ten years time, beech
trees will conpletely strangle remainirg slender evergreen trees and domi-
nate the whole area. Thus, the forest will beceme a pure beech forest of a
poor quality voted, to be used only for fire wood.
Another example of poor management of the woods of Montenegro in particular,
and throughout Yugoslavia in general is the following: After a conference
in Titograd in the Ministry of Industry, the director of the Prvi Maj enter-
prise in Niksic was given the assignment to supply approximately 1,000 area
(dimensional) meters of soft cellulcsewood. without waiting for instruc-
tions from the wood manageme,t in Ni sic, the director, Tripe Franjevic,
gave orders that 2,300 evergreen trees, remaining from the previous cut-
ting and with a diameter of 26 centimeters, be cut in the Leljini Doli
lumber camp to meet the requested amount of soft cellulose wood. Upon
order of Engineer Vladimir Ljovin? dace within the Ministry of Agriculture
and .borestry, of the section for maintenance of order in forests, the Raion
(district) forester submitted a complaint against the Front workers who
were in charge of cutting. The report was later passed on to the public
prosecuter in Dih-sic. During the trial, the director defended himself by
feying that a ministerial friend had ordered him to out the trees regard-
less of instructions. The minister defended himself by saying that be had
is ued the orders as a non-seecialist, and did not realize that the lewd
may not be cut without instructions Since both officials successfully
"justified themselves", the chief of utilization of forests mos called
to task, and fined 6,000 dinars for carelessness. :mace actually incurred,
according to the books, amounted to 87,000 diners. The above mentioned
director, Tripe "'ranjevic, was given a 10,000 dinar reverd by the :Ientene-
erin ilinistry of Industry for successful maneremont, while the cutting
brigade received the shockworkers' nerit award. Only the barren area in
the Leljini Doli camp remains as proof of the careless management of
state and public property.
15. Forest fires reached vast proportions in 1946 and 1947 so that moat
forests were greatly endangered. Listed below are areas burned and
amount of damagfet,
14.
Vojnik, from :Wee? to Donja
(approximately 1,500 hectares)
Kraljeva Gore (600 hectares)
enietin brest (250 hectares)
Lisac (1 000 hectares)
Eavna &ore., !:etoeka, Bjelasica,
end other vocla areas (approx-
imately 10,000 hectares)
Approximately 20,000,000 dinars
14,000,000 dinars
25 000,000 dinars
55,000,000 dinars
650,000,000 dinars
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INTI111.G:1;01.7, :.LUETTCY
nneee tires eere ceused by draught, negli,ence of lumbermen ann by neoiigent
oeeeente who cleaeed their moadows by fire. flanagenent in each case threw
he :,,Iave upon Chetniks n5ddea, in the forests. All burned areas were turn-
ed over by the iinistry of 'orests or Ikeitenero for exploitation to the
_inastry of Industry of the Lational lepubLic of Serbia, which, with this
eurpose in mind, opened limber camps in Rama Gora, Glibaci, Vaskovo, and
nrmeniela. This last came operates today, wherees the others ceased to
operate in 1948. The :inistrv of /orestry of Montenegro permitted these
enrips to cut down on)y burnt trees, which coule be utilize() for technical
(-nf;ne-xim.) prrpeses? ,
In the reintine, the Ministry of industry of the Na ional nopuelic or
eriia ani its various lumber cans cut oven the healthy trees, which had
cen untooe-ed by fire, causing even greater darace to the ;:ontena.rin
fore ets The cut-down trees wore thrown into the Lin and Tara riiers and
t*,./E-,Led to Obrenovac and Belgrode. The . erbian -epublic was accorded the
utilization of the so-callee ialoticke orests, along the uppe- nor,
ehice ver- to supply the induetrial enterrrise in nosovska Ifiteovica.
neo sane Corests were put at the diseosal of the nill in Rozaj, the
innustriaj forest entererise Liornji lbar, underthe jurienictioe of the
nonteneerim "Inistry of Industry. In ad ition to the Balotice Forests,
nernia eae riven the forests of the uobrilovina monastery, on the Tara
elven, the nrmija limber canp, aria the wooded nelena Mountain area to
euein.y the edll in Obrenovac. Bosnia and nerceoovina wore given the
nbzir and Wee wooded areas, on the Tara idver and the Vucje wooded area
on the Plea River ails in Azenovac and leea were to reduce peoduction
er cease ocrat,ion. Lk:cause of the or-at chaos which reigns in the forest
iuither cavrost where everyti:ins is cone with a view to productional corpe-
nlbion toutting the feeatest eu7ber of trees and transportino then to the
-ill), fo:est utflization in eontenepro, and through Yugoslavia in genera],
eight be described as mere lootine. There is no core of foreets
-ehateoeven, ntuns are as eien as two meters, and the limbs are left 15inE
about, hotted lor;r?, 7 to 3 years old, which heve been left behind, are to
ee found ecattero6 everywhere
17. Notations s(re inveriabin nede in books that the plan has been exceeded
ena that utilization of the forests is as Lich as from 78 to 90 per cent.
Moueeer, when such rotted log cone to the nill, their utilization never
goes beyond 7 per cent, which disproves the exactness and accuracy of the
books ef various fereot enteririees and lurber carps.
Because of the noresecializee and chaotic work among the lumber camps,
-,ne latter have mere or less become spreaders or the forest. patIsite,
4nodkornj4k" uhiel, has taken root and spread throughout forest:. of
rontenegro lear]v damn? caused by this parasite amounts to WO -illion
djvars. Ilnat is even worse, the parasite has at ached young treeo.
nothing at all is being done to counteioct this larasitoo because it
has not yet assuncd as (neat iroportions as the blight in 1949
19, DescilatioTt which f.c befee t7r..7-trl 117 +110 lontin: indlIntry n fereetre is
(-mite el716ent The only oeestion is when the remalniag fore- in
ilenteneore will be destroyed.
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