SITUATION IN SINKIANG

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 18, 2012
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: April 4, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

--Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/18: CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0
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COUNTRY Chi.niYUSSA
SUBJECT 'Jituatidzrnxtci
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DATE OF
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
1951
Administration
!ro large-scale reorganisation of government departments took place in
Sinkiang curing the last six months of 1950, apart from moves to unite more
closely the various executive branches of all government departments. _Jew
personnel from China representing the more theoretical type of Communist
were being introduced, and at the same time Soviet advisers and technical
assistants became the accepted rule. This direction from the top, which is
so characteristic of Couuauaism, was reflected only slightly in the press, but
was the cause of a good deal of friction and anti-Communist comment, In
general it appeared that the Soviets were given facilities beyond those given
to Chinese doing the same task. Some of the criticism appeared in open
letters in the Sinkiang daily paper, but the facile replies to it were in some
oases the subjects of adverse comment by the man in the street, in what might
be termed a whispering campaign.
2. Figures such as CHHU Wu, former mayor of Ururuchi under the Kuomintang and
wholly pro.Commuaist, have disappeared from the scene, and few if any high
ranking officials remain in the Province. Most of the political adminis-
tration is carried on by numerous petty officials brought from China and
with no experience of Sinkiang conditions. This is less true-of the
military side, where Generals :"ETG Te-husi, CHA.VG Chih-chung and WANG Chen
still dominate the military areas of northern and southern Sinkiang.
3. Politically Sinkiang has becomei4ore.solidly Communist: there remains only
a small part of the population which has not yet passed through some course
or other; educational organizations are manned throughout by ardent
Communists; the whole police force and army have been similarly processed;
hostels and other institutions work on a basis completely Soviet, and much
interchange of cultural media has already taken place with the Soviet areas
of ventral Asia.
r'olitioal leaders no longer really represent the people but are nominees
CONFIDENTIAL
4 April
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/18: CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/18: CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0
brouft in from outsider who follow. a program lid d.oin for-them in Peiping
and -oscow. There is no. question of popularity or otherwise, but only a
blind obedience to annouaoed plans. whioh are to be carried out as part of,
the nation-wide progress towards a Socialist society,
5. Taxation appears to be a potent source of trouble in that the assessors
called upon to deal with agricultural production are fra-quemtly men whose
experience has been in areas where the use of fertilizer is general and
the rats of production much higher. In consequence they accuse the farmers
of lack of initiative or of evasion; meetings are held throughout the
Province at Which the output of each farm is discussed, and the farmers are
assessed on the basis of the optimuan harvest rather than on. the actual
situation... Petitions from the farmers for fair treatment have been ignored
and the leaders have bsen told that unless they aease from their agitation
their farms will be taken from them.
.Production and Exhort
6. A further source of discontent is the export to the USSR of large quantities
of grain, said to be payment ..for trucks and other materials received from
China (sic). All cotton and hides from Sinkiang are exported to the USSRO
7. Oil proeuetioa has not greatly increased, and the increase in transportation
has materially decreased the amount of gasoline available for private
moro,hants. Cgnsequently trade has declined, aard is now offset by the large
government oorapanies which are virtually subsidiaries of the Sino.Soviet,
companies originally announced in the Sino.Scviet trade treatyo
8. In late 1950 the Kaaakhs still maintained complete control of the Baitik
L%ogdo region and large areas in the T?ienshan, under the leadership of
Osman and Tolbaars*, The hard core of resistance is found emmng the Tuugken
cavalry, who remain mdauated. The effective fighting strength of these
groups is approximately 20,000, and their spirit of resistance to the
Communists vas 'in no way dampened by the capture of Tassnimkhan**. Attacks
are made on sizeable convoys. on the main road from the USSR to China, and
by-the end of 1950 enough arms and equipment,to keep them going for several
years had been acquired in this way. Within fifty miles to the northwest and
southwest of Urumchi Chinese Communist bandit-suppression troops have been
ambushed and annihilated.
Up to October 1950 the Chinese Communist aaray had made no headway whatever
against the Aon-Chinese' tribes in.the Salar ,Moslem area north-northeast of
the. Koko Nor. The well-.fortif i6d mature of the farms in that area mihy have
been a factor in the sucoessful resistance offered.
Transportation
10. The fami-.Alm* Ate airline eruploys a few Chinese clerks but uses Russiaaa
planes, pilots, air crew and office staff. This condition obtains all the
-way from Urumohi to r'eipiug.
11. i'ot for from urumdhi, on the Suilai (.aanaass, 86 -10, 44.21) road, there are
large areas of .rodtntenance depots which are completely Chinese, while to the
south of Urumohi, on the Turfan .(89-05, 42-56) rood, the Soviets have set up
not only service stations, relit houses, warehouses, and the like? but also
also
a fairly complete thermal. power pleat. The convoy system pertains through-
out the still uasscttled areas around Bami, together with new construction of
bridges and culverts. It is believed that the Soviets are planning to use
this main road through Urumahi. as one. of their main supply routes into
Northwest China. The Russians have their own completely separate trans-
portation system, including Russieaa trucks, drivers, gasoline and main-
CONFIDENTIAV
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/18: CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0
 Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/18: CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0
CONFIDENTIAL
C.I TRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
tenance depots. The Chinese use Russian trucks, but Chinese drivers and
gasoline, and have separate warehouses and maintenance depots.
12. The short supply of gasoline during 1950 made the cost of running trucks
prohibitive to private traders, with the result that the government took
over nearly all the privately owned trucks in the Province. Even when the
trucks were operated by provincial or municipal transportation authorities,
all gasoline had to be transported from Chiuoh'uan (98-33, 39-46). up to
the end of uotober 1950 trucks were not allowed to go to the oilfields, but
drivers bought their supplies from official dealers in Chiuch'uan. The
drivers who bring the oil from the wells and refineries to Chiuch'uan live
in special hostels built for them at Yuman. It was reported in October 1950
that several thousand rooms bad been built for the staff of the oilfield,
which is kept completely isolated from all outside contacts. About seven
Soviet advisers and technicians are said to be at the oilfield. According
to the press, the production had been increased 100 percent since the
Chinese Communists took over; however, only three or four new wells were
opened during 1950, and the rate of production for these is not known.
13. Roads and factories are being repaired and put to productive use in a manner
calculated to make the people believe that there is nothing so productive on
earth as a Coxwauaist state.. Prostitutes have been given courses of instruction
and put into working units in factories. One problem not entirely settled was
the matter of hired labor during the winter months, which has always been a
major problem in Sinkiang r`rovinoe. However, many laborers have been
recruited by reasonable pay and conditions to work in the coal mines and at
carting at and building materials for the coming summer plan. According to
the press, the "Period of Construction," which follows the suppression of the
majority of anti--Co iunist elements, has come to Sinkiang Proviaxce,
14. The Urumchi papers were full of anti-American and pro-Chinese-volunteer M078-
meats, which were used as a stimulus to exhort the people to greater effort
in every sphere. Meetings were held in colleges, schools and government
departments to obtain the names of volunteers ready to leave their homes and
fight in Korea. The press claimed that some 700 had responded during the
first three days of this oampaign but that those not suitable for fighting
purposes would be given badges of recognition and sent back to their
respective occupations to set the pace for others who did not volunteer. In
the Urumchi power plant a new low was experienced in temporary power outs and
break-dowo.s, and linesmen in the communications department established a new
record in the number of new phones installed and repairs made, These examples
show how the ordinary people are being driven into closer identification with
anti-American activities in carrying out their daily work.
The Press and rropaanda
Despite Chinese Common
C'Mment
50X1-HUM
reported Yolbars in Tibet in January 1951.
there are indications that he may have escaped to 50X1-HUM
50X1-HUM
According to the Chinese Communists, Janimkhan was
cam an September 1950) and executed 4 February 1951.
C ON 'Ibl!.N1"!A?a
Comment.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release 2012/04/18: CIA-RDP82-00457R007400080006-0