SPECIAL REPORT ON LAND REFORM IN THE CHINESE PROVINCES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R008000350005-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 14, 2016
• Document Release Date: April 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: August 17, 1951
• Content Type: REPORT

PLACE NO. OF ENCLS.
25X1A ACQUIRE ,tl,ItLLOFA 14 (LISTED BELOW)
woof .Lind Reform
Approved For Rt1Eh'& lOCINI12MAGR AERWBW ?b457RO08BEl
In general, land reform should be divided into five phases: (1) propaganda and
education, coordinated with reorganization, investigation, and research;
(2) differentiation of classes; (3) confiscation and requisition; (4) distribu-
tion; (5) conclusion of reform, and transformation of land reform into production.
The following is an explanation of the requirements and concrete items of each
phase:
ls. Propaganda, and education coordinated with reorganization, investigation, and
eel aearch ,
a,, The basic requirements: to esteblish a basis, following political en-
li.ghtermment and political :measures-;,, to reorganize peasant units; to find
and train executors for land reform; to' iapress members of various circles
with the need for land refer a and to prepare foundations for following
political and organizational phases.
b,. Concrete work;
1) To mobilize the masses by propaganda and then educate there, -First of all.,
education in land reform should be intensified by explaining the reasons
for the poverty of the peasants, how the landlords live without working
by exploiting the farmers, and the crimes of the landlord class in the
old society,, so as to elevate the class consciousness of the peasantnby
25X1A
Conorehensive Report on a Few T arrant Points Govers)in Land Reform Aura
The ; aerimen Peri' od-fo-~-t1re Provincial. ChinesC or: rannist Party' Committee
..~ _. Ei~s~abers kr ; Tinastez 111 -- ' ,- ..- 1. - -jb ])7. .._ a-,. .~.._~ ~.~
Exclusively for the reference of hsien CCP committee members. No reproduction
pernitted.
ORT CD NO.
SUBJECT Special Report on Land Reform in the Chinese
Provimae s
COUNTRY China
DATE DISTR. 17 Aug 51
NO. OF PAGES 8
SUPPLEMENT TO
INFO. REPORT NO.
Archiv c ~Lf Fes, ., - LII~
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25X1A
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shvt'irhC who ,support's whom ;then the wo:r'.inC c or. p gr tr the v. .i? ; Ce .,
they trust be ?:n?: sympathy with the peasants, express their willing-
ness to support the peasants and give them the courage to ask for land.
l trcme hatred of the feudalistic and exploitive landownership system
should be aroused among the peasant.. to crake them determine firmly to
eliminate the feudalistic system.
In some . 'egons our general program of land reform was given to the peas-
ants at the very outset. his is not the proper way to start land reform'.
'tide should start our education on the general program and policy of land
reform after hatred of thy: landlords has been initiated, the' peasants'
class consciousness has tram raised, and the peasants' determination to
demand land has been ascertained. Then we further the peasants' con-
sciousness by telling theta that the basic airy of land reform is to abol-
isL the feudalistic and w: ,loitive land ownership systeri and replace it
with a system of ownership of land by farmers and that the land reform is
the first step in solving bhe farmers' poverty.
On the other hand, we shoiLd let the farriers know that they should depend
on the poor and tenant f art ers, unite, with the middle-level farmers., and
neutralize the rich farmers in order to eliminate the landlord class sys-
tematically. The farriers should also be told that land reform can pro--
gress smoothly only with a united majority, leniency with the landlords,
and no molestation of the lands of rich farmers. These gill lessen ob-
structions and centralize a!.l strength to annihilate the landlord class.
Leniency the landlords with regard to their movable assets is one
r:rethod of influencing then to surrender their land, which is the farmers'
basic dermand.0
in teaching and ex ,plaianirC our principles to the farmers., we :gust always
place their imrmediate benefits before anything else and then help them
understand their future well being through cooperation with our program
and poli.cy. In tkr.,e past, those were two extreme tendencies concerning
land reform in the old liberal;ed areas. One was to emphasize only the
benefits to the farmer wi.t rou'~ stressing policy, while the other was to
stress policy without emphasizing immediate benefits. We should neglect
neither of these two points, and equal attention should be given to the
two factors so as to increase the. farmmers' consciousness and make them
realize that they are the maters of the country.
;:e should unify the poor, tenant, and raidd1 a level farmers so as to mobi-
lize the laboring mass. In Iao Chao ( ) village, a good foundation
for land reform has been laid because the to and tenant farmers are
jnited with the twiddle farmers. Yi Ch'iao (jl~) village has concen-
trated on the middle farriers without dependi.nt:; on poor and tenant fang:
ers so them is no distinction between landlords and farmers. iJhen we
mobilize the poor and tenant; farriers, we shoi?' d first of all implant in
them the idea that they are the masters of the countzy0 This will in
crease their consciousness and enable then to assur,,e leadership by pro-
noting their revolutionary determination and enthusiasm and eliminating
their rasconceptions about the principle of averages, simple economic
laws anal narrow-minded revenge.
',then we .may we must depend on the poor and tenant farmers, we mean that
we shou,20. depend upon their deep consciousness and strength of organiza-
tion, hen we mobilize the rai.ddle far-rers, we mast hold. special confer--
enoe a, to tell them that they are also part of the laboring, mass and are
oppressed by the landlords, as well as asking them to depend on the poor
and, tenant farmers for rejuvenation. This will enlighten them politically.
Only by elevating the consciousness of the middle .farmers will they be
satisfied with the policy of land reform.
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c 2or: is of 3ropag;anda: Zirst ire should educate the farmers through their
actual experience in the mast, with the acco:apaniracnt of recital of
grievances. efore, we could. use grievance-telling; meetings as a means
of arousing the farmers' consciousness, but now that their consciousness
r.:?s been increased and landlords are giving concessions, we can only in-
crease their education. r.ec-nd,we should educate especially the back-
bone elements, the ~)rog,res~~ire and peasant representative>, and let them
in turn educate the masses- Third, we should educate various circles,
particularly the swiomen, arc' enlighten them. 77hen tracts of land from the
i i dle farriers were distri_l u ted, many women in I>ao Chao villa ;e cried.
In other villages, ho ieve--, .there women have been educated., their zeal
was high.
1) i'ropagandafor the ':ndlords: There are two forms. Landlord con-
versions should be , t;cd in regions where some democratic ;entry ex-
ist and where encowr-gc:ient and education will dismember the land-
lord class. LandloT;. d?.sciplinary meetin should be called in regions
where no democratic :e;nt.%7 exist, Let the landlords understand the
.rie;liteousne^,; of la='.3 re.'or:1 and the mistakes of the feudalistic
land o~mcr ';ip L they attempt to sabotage the land reform,
t:.cy will ',;e. brow -ht to v :.Mice; if they abide by the decrees of the
govern .cn , they will be orm leniency. nll the landlords that
the ~;ovcrir .erne of the Go:a, nist 'arty of 3;Lina is a liberal govern-
.:Ee:rt W I'', _l s quite dify'er(.. t fro:;i that of the historical rulers who
were rig-sous and cruel their subjects. Tell them too that in
the old-11bcratcd areas, , aoasaruts have risen up against land-
lords who .-)!oposcd land rcf irm,. The la.idlords will suffer for a per-
iod of time because 01' t1.,7 confiscation of their laral, but they must
go tl.ra~;,;ll this to acla.e'v; new lives as citizens of the country.
i;i: raer.;uc r elr of the land .card class through education is a new vica-
Don of -,:le. ;ven to the enlightened landlords we should ex
,)lain that ...and reform is : test for then, If they are cpm: letely
enligl tcne', they will not. Jute o,)-pose or sabotage land reform,
.s to the Lehi farriers, we s_ioi d lot them choose one of the follow-
ing: the ; ray of the far:?:cr; Or' the :?ray of the landlords. if they
arc willin to take the way of t.,c far-viers, it is g,ood, but if they
ern-for the Tray of the landlords, then we :list be critical. To win
over the r5: ;h farsors we sl::nuld ~ }::plain to them that they will not
be stri p:~::.1 of their .viewable propc 'ty because of their aarticipation
i ri labor They should also be tol that for the time being our liber-
al' colic,,' allows hiring and explo:; tint; of farm laborers. -t present
it is not necessary to reason with "'.0 rich farmers about land reform
as was du ac in Chia 111s_a - (`; . r ;,) o long as we do not touch their
:..ovable ;i operty, we done t I;Oa fr ~,
to Y ,aeon with then about land re-?
forta.
In a word, lniho ,)ropa,-,-anda and educat.. a m.,hase, the most irr)ortant
thing for . s to do is to nob-1-1.iuo the ,o(,,r and tenant farmer T f we
don't hiavtl.teir sup )ort, the:l we car. ?.ot sole any of our E)robla.ms
in connec ti.on with land reform, I:earr;l ile, tY:i proper ;anda and edu-
cation o_ he farmers should not be l:i i.tod to this phase but should
cover al : r:ier phase:.
2) To reorg;,. ze the masses. Gun- pro ram '::er laid reform can be fulfil2c
only t:.. reorganizing tl ;: n .sser s in Chit cap ; of innocent elements
who have tong attitudes t .:?rnrd 1- and rc" r, we sI could unite with
them and 1?aw then to part.: cLpate in lat.'. x?, fort by enlightening them.
in the c.a.. e, of impure le.ar::ts o , those il;e are gibed by the land-
lords, vie Aioul.d reorganize them to under ', a,,.-;e reform propat;anc?a
so as to =socrtain their re. t :' n the ra.?>;., : olitical
co:~miscar ;(; said` EPi)^~! 4 t all %h . 'ar?1C:. , ri o bribed b--,- t e
landlords : .inning do; c' it them Ai V
~ w II . . su.x_ r _
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f d
We should reiaold those impure elements and separate them from the bad
i n.fluence of the landlords and lead theca ~,o ,^,_.,;:,eness a ;.lake them di-
vi.il.ge, the plots of -,:.he landlords and put t1.e main responsibility on
the landlords' shoulders and center the blame on them alone, During
their education, thr; pro.;ressive elements hould be discovered, trair.4 ,
and absorbed into the peasants associa.(ions,, in order to insure
a composition there of two thirds poor and tenant farmers and one
third iaiddle farmer's.. To reorganize the f..rning masses means to re-
group, expand, or :atren;,then the oriUinal :lasses in a united front
composed of old nd new politically-consc- , us elements to carry out
land reform..
Aoart from the aorF anization, we should ir,zke good use of the peasant
representatives' confer. enccs in coordinati n vit' i village representa-
tives; conferer.c:e s for enlightening and ua.tir {, both groups,, The
village repro sentatives' conferences can ?tract morn progressive
fari:iors, promotf: democracy, and popularize the party policy. ':hen
village repres+:ntative conferences are hel