CONDITIONS IN PAOSHAN HSIEN, YUNNAN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R013700350007-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 24, 2003
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: September 13, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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tfr :CLASS I F I CAT 104 CONFIDENTrr
IAI
INFORMATION REPORT: REPORT NO.
COUNTRY. China
SUBJECT Conditions in Paoshan Hsien, Yunnan
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CD NO.
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DATE DISTR. -13?September 3_952
NO. OF PAGES 3
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
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THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL Dtrmse
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE 18, SECTIONS 793
AND 794. OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVE-
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW.. THE. REPRODUCTION OF THIS FORM 1.8.fROHIBITEW.
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMNTION
?
Comment. This information is presented mainly for its use as
background material
Re g,iIar and Irregular Mi 1 itary, Forces
1. In August and September 1951 the Chinese Communist 41 Division was stationed
in Pao shan (99-09, 25-07) Hsieflwith headquarters at the Ch'eng Nan
Primary School. One guard company, one signal company, one artillery
company, and one engineer company were directly attached to 41 Division
headquarters. The troops resided in civilian homes. Although they were
receiving very little training and had nothing to do, they were permitted
to take only one or two hours leave per week. Families of the soldiers
lived in a group in Kunming; soldiers in the front area could take one
week of leave per year, exclusive of travel time, to visit their families
in Kunming. The living of, soldiers and their families was supplied by
the government, and soldiers were not permj.tted to send money to their
families. Soldiers at the front who had. mOney' were making secret purchases
of necklaces and American dollars. of
2. Al]. soldiers wore tan uniforms left in Claina by the Nationalists and each
soldier had leather and canvas S4oes and a grey blanket. Wounded and sick
soldiers were supplied special bedding. Bea, bedding, chairs,
tables, borrowed from civilians by the army's special borrowing team,
were returned when they were no longer needed to their ipriginal owners.
Military personnel were entitled to food according to the following scale g
generals and wounded soldiers were entitled to Reale classified as all pan
A," officers below the rank of general were entitled to meals classified as
"small -pen B," and soldiers were entitled to meals classified as "large pan, g
which consisted of 30 hang]- of rice per person per day in addition to
oil, salt, and fuel. Some money was also supplied, with which to buy /.
vegetables. Food was abundant only for the army, and the civilians were ,tffrag'
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Most soldiers above the rank of squad commander were members of the
Communist Party. The behavior of the soldiers toward the people in
Paoshan was very good when they first arrived and the people welcomed them.
Since then, however, the soldiers have looted the people, disregarding
their lives and property. Consequently, the people have turned against them]-1
11-. In January 1951 a guard regiment headquarters was established In Paoshan Hsien
with authority equal to that of the listen government. The regiment commander
was a reviler army officer. A guard company consisting of from 6o to 100
soldiers was stationed in each of the hsien's ten chlu. The soldiers for
these units were selected from volunteers fran the villages in the Widen, and
because of the difficulties in making a living, many young men volunteered.
Prior to being accepted, a volunteer had to pass a physical examination, secure
the approval of all members of his family, and produce five guarantors. In an
emergency the Chinese Communists could recruit troops from these local units:3
5._Young men from village farm families were assigned to guard roads at night
Two persons were assigned to duty each night. They did their regular work
in the day. The government did not pay then anything for their services and
furnished them with swords and spears originally owed by"the village. In an
emergency these guards coula be placed under the commend of the guard regiment
or the regular army. When this happened, they were furnished. Uniforms and
weapons on a temporary besis and were indistinguishable from regular army
troops. There were 20,000 militiamen in Paoan Hsien,g
Security Controls
6. There was a public security bureau ie Paoshan which performed both judiciary
special services and police services and resembled the former Japanese
special operations. organization in China. Although it.vesiaemereivey under
the heien government, it was actually under the direct control of the
provincial public security department in Kunming. Nnployees of the bureau
were all special operators. The bureau set up a special unit to organize public
peace maintenence units in all streets and market places. These units were
comprised mostly of vagrants, poor people, and radical2 people. In rural
areas members of the Boys Vanguard Unit, the Women's Association, and the
Farmers' Association were assigned the teaks of performing guard duties and pre..
serving the peace. Persons engaged in maintaining peace were not well armed.
7. People were not permitted to travel outside of the Paoshan district. Travel
permits were required for travel inside Paoshaa Haien and. were issued. by
the ch'u offices. Many ch'u officers were negligent and left travel permit
forms and stamps around in the office so that they were easy to steal
The printed forms and the stamps were so crude that there was no way to dis-
tinguish between the real and the imitation. Not many Communist soldiers
could read, and it was easy to pass then at guard, points using forms which
were not filled in correctly.
8. There were telephones between the hsien and ch'u offices in Paoshan Hsieny
They could be used only by the hsien magistrate, ch'u chief, heien Communist
Party secretary, ch'u Communist Party secretary, and military authorities.
The telephones formerly installed in the hsiang and pan offices and private tele-
phones have all been removed.
rCommunist Party Organization
The local organization of the Communist Partyein PaoShansiea caasisted of
a committee for each hsiem and a ch'u cell for eacih titin. TO join the
Commuaist Party or the CommUnistesponsored New lemeeratie Tenth' Corps,
as a full mealier, it vas necessary to 'undergo a six-month period as a
candidate member and another six-month test period. Only falisarty members
could hold government positions above the rank of head of.achlu government
The organization of the Communist Party and the New Democratic Youth Corps was
kept secret, as well at the names of maiebers.of these organizationszj
COYFIUSITIAL
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CONIMMTIAL
Government Organization and Adminixtration
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10. The Yunnan provincial government was organized according to the following
hierarchy: provincial government, special administrative office, hsien
government, ch'u office, administrative tem consisting of 300 houses,
farmers' association of an autonomous tun Consisting of 100 houses, and
li consisting of about ten houses. The administrative tsium offices
controlled sole autonomous ts'un. The autonomous ts'un organized farmers'
associations. Each tslun had a certain number of li chiefs who were
identical to the pao chia. chiefs under the NitiOnalist government.
Ostensibly the ts'un administration was controlled by those of poor farmer
origin but actually it was completely controlled by Commanist party cells.
Since personnel of ts'un and lower level offices were natives they often dealt
kindly with the ordinary people at the risk of offending their superiors,
Thus, the people had some freedom. Thi most distinguishing merit of the
Communist government administration was the use of social organizations,
teachers, and students to help in the administrationij
Comment. A liens is equivalent to 37.8 grams.
?I Icoment. Source used the word "radical" but it is likely he
means Communist.
comozerrIAL
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