SOVIET ARMY TRAINING, MANEUVERS AND UNIT SUPPLY
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Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP82-00457R014300530005-4
Release Decision:
RIPPUB
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
14
Document Creation Date:
December 15, 2016
Document Release Date:
April 14, 2003
Sequence Number:
5
Case Number:
Publication Date:
October 16, 1952
Content Type:
REPORT
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FEB 195-2 31-444
COUNTRY
SUBJECT
DATE OF
INFO.
PLACE
ACQUIRED
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
CLASSIFICATION SECRET '
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INFORMATION REPORT REPORT NO.
Austria
Soviet Army Training, Maneuvers and Unit Supply
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CD NO.
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DATE DISTR. 16 October 1952
NO. OF PAGES 8
NO. OF ENCLS.
(LISTED BELOW)
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
THIS DOCUMENT 'CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE.
OF THE UNITED STATES, WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE 18, SECTIONS 793
AND 794, OF THE U.S. CODE, AS AMENDED. ITS TRANSMISSION OR REVE-
LATION OF ITS CONTENTS TO OR RECEIPT BY AN UNAUTHORIZED PERSON IS
PROHIBITED BY LAW. THE REPRODUCTION OF. THIS FORM IS .PROHIBITED,
THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION
25X1 Garrison Training
1. Garrison training in the Central Group of Forces, Soviet Zone of Austrialstarts
on 1 December of each year and lasts until 15 October of the following year. The _
first phase, 1 December to 15 January, consists of six weeks of individual and
squad training. The second phase, 15 January to 15 March, consists of platoon
and company training. The period from 15 March to 30 March is devoted to
training inspection. From 1 to 15 April the troops prepare for departure
to summer camps where they remain until the end. of October. The third phase
of the training, from 15 April to Septenberis at the company and battalion level.
The fourth_ phase, which is concluded during the month of September, consists
of training exercises and maneuvers on the regimental level. Inspections
are held upon completion of the fourth phase in September. Summer training is then
ended with maneuvers either on the divisional level or on the Central Group
of Forces level. After the maneuvers, during the period 15 October to 1 December,
emphasis is placed on 0?usekeeping, maintenance and the repair of barracks and
garages, area policing, etc, with only a minimum amount of training.
2. Small arms firing is conducted once every three months. The firing of heavier
weapons takes place during summer training in Allentsteig C841N-15147.
I fired the following weapons:
Carbine - three times, four rounds each
foils- times, five rounds each
.TT pistol-once;C35roui4ds'
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STATE
ARMY
NAVY
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First year soldiers were rated differently on marksmanship than
were the secondAnd third year soldiers, as indicated in the table
below:
Excellent
Good
Satisfactory
1st year
24
20
17
2nd and 3rd year
28
24
20
The above scores are based on the firing of four rounds at a bull's-
eye type target. A bull's-eye is counted as 10 points, the next
circle as nine points, etc. Small arms firing at silhouette or
25X1 bull's-eye type targets is conducted on a range of 100 and/Or 200
meters
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3. The daily program, which is identical for winter and summer, is
as follows:
0600
0610-0635
0635-0650
0650-0710
0710-0740
0740-0800
0800-13o0
1300-133o
1330-1400
14o0-1530
1530-1830
1830-2030
2030-2130
2130-2230
2230-2300
2300
Reveille
Physical training
Personal toilet
Inspection
Breakfast
Close order drill
Training
Dinner
Individual care and maintenance of weapons
Rest period
Training
Political indoctrination lectures and discussions
Supper
Political indoctrination lectures and discussions
Roll call, evening drill
Taps
No training is conducted on Saturday afternoons or on Sundays.
The two training periods, 0800-1300 and 1530-1830, follow a definite
'Schedule, consisting of close order drill, nomenclature and
stripping of weapons, aiming exercises, medical and chemical
25X1 lectures, skirmishes. tactics. and political lectures.
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tnree months the troops are taken to a firing range, but there
does not appear to be a fixed firing schedule which is supposed
to be followed.
4. Close order drill and weapons instruction tireconialWted
and platoon NC0s, usually under the supervision of platoon leadeis
and, occasionally, by the company CO. Political lectures, which are
presented by regimental officers, are given to the soldiers in
Ilieparate groups, according to length of service; thus, soldiers
with only one year service receive political lectures as a group,
those with two years service in another group, those with three
years service in still another group, and the NCOs also in a
separate group. A different officer conducts the lectures in
each of these four groups. Each EM has two hours of political
lectures twice a week. In addition to this, there are evening
political indoctrination and discussion classes, which consist
of debates and discussions on the subjects mentioned in political
lectures.
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The troops are inspected twice each year by an inspection commission
consisting of a number of colonels and field grade officers.
The first inspection takes place between 15 and 30 March and the
second at the end of September or in October. The commission
conducting the fall inspection is allegedly from Moscow, while the
commission conducting the spring inspection is from the Central
Group of Forces. These commissions check on political training,
close order drill, firing, physical training, the physical fitnesS
of troops, and the condition of vehiCles and weapons.
EM were never told about any training deficiencies which the
commissions might have uncovered. Only officers attended alcritique
held at division headquarters
A CPX is held twice annually,
once in February and March and again in June and July. During these
exercises the division headquarters and the regimental COs and their
staffs move.about 200 km by vehicle through Austria. About 15 Willys
jeeps and a number of trucks participate in these command post
exercises. )
to
to
The only chemical warfare training
was during basic traLning in 1949. We werr expected I
put on our gas masks within 15 second:and usnally cid so in 10
12 seconds. recall the types of gales dewnstrated
in 1949. Once each year the personnel of the 46th Gds Mecz
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Regt went ;hrough a gas chamber as part
of their
trainingj
Soviet
soldiers fire only the weapon
no familiarization trkiting in firing.
told , in ?ia1
to attack the soviet_
have to defend the father-
all US troops in general.
preparing to attack the
no political conviction's and
with which they are armed and receive
with other weapons. Troops are continuously
lectures that US imperialists are preparing
Union and that all Soviet troops will
land. The propaganda is directed against
The usual line taken is that the US is
Soviet Union but that US troops possess
will not therefore fight well. I the American
people are cowardly and that they have never proved their ability
to wage a war victoriously without outside help. Although US ground
forces are held in low esteem, the Soviets have a high. regara for
the US Air Force and Navy. American soldiers are presented as
hooligans who get drunk frequently and shoot, rod and rape the
people of the country in which they are stationed.
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9. The 46th Gds Mecz Regt had one NCO training school with about
70 students, all of whom were selected to attend the school
Immediately after being assigned to the regiment, pre-
requisites for attendance was seven. to 10 years of education and
a good political background. Graduates of this school remained in
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the students fired such weapons as TT pistols, carbines, PPShs,
SMGs, LMGs, MGs, and mortars, and were well trained in marksmanship.
all three regiments of the 13th
Gd p Mecz Div are alike, Kssume that similar NCO schoolS
do exist it the other regiments.
the 13th Gds Mecz Div had a special tank training
school in Bruck /4-810N-1646E7
Summer Training
11. When the 46th Ode Mecz Regt entrained for the summer training
area in Allentsteig ,7841N-a6197 on 10 May 1951, all the
regiment's personnel departe4owith the exception of oneofficer
and a number of EM who remained in Klosterneuburg Z4B18N-1619E7Hfor
25X1 guard purposes. the following was the only organic
whieb waE, left At Klosternell!
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truck. Six trains were used to transport ala the irer and equipment
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25X1 1/aee Enclosure B for aummer teaining area
25X1 installations/. Meals were served in a regular mess ball. Re-
creation consisted of movies in the evenang and volley b,cia, soccer
and other athletic games on Saturday afterroora ane on anndays.
There has been no swimming since 19501 because ia that year an EX
drowned in a nearby lake and a ban on swammina,ensued. averv ten
days, however, the EM bathed in camp and changed their underwear.
Many destroyed and unpopulated villages were useo ror tralring
purposes. /See Enclosure a tor tne tralnanF area wrack., covered an
area of about 6ox4o km, and also for what Source kralwa aaout
supply installations which supported the summer training area./
25X1 Squad leaders constantly checked on the presence of their FA.
25X1 I 1 No AW0as
were reported, probably because there were virtuelly no 1;owns,
bars or women in the Alleaaaa, area Tralring WRS begun within
three or four days after arrival in Allem a,a /See paragraph 3,
Above for the daily schedule in Allen, - , At thP termination of
the summer training period a maneuver at divisional level was
held in the area. Specialized training an the coordination of
tank-artillery-infantry attacks was given
Tne train trio. w Len was
free of accidents, took five or six hours. hut T;ne regAmentai
_ the only ones who traveled to Alien tv leea, coMpleted
the trip in,three hours. Units of the 95th Rifle Division. which
were in Allea.a-t9w1 were responsible
for maintenance.
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Maneuvers
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14.
All units of the 46th Gds Mecz Ret and ane or more reatments
of the 95th Rifle lily participated in the final
summer maneuvers held in October 1951 in the Allen- training
area. Lgee Enclosure B for the polvgon an w len the maneuver took
lace./
JS and T-44 tanks 7mm AY suns.
an SP-1 szuns, AA Mas, AA gura, rd various guns
The field kitchens moved from the base in the Aliens eig area to
the maneuver area where they rematned etationary nelind ale front;
both officers and EM had to go to the field kitchens to be red,
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15. Despite the fact that the rifle units were mechanized, they
marched about five kilometers during the maneuvers. I
r---ithe longest move by vehicles was about five kilometers .1
The maneuver, which lasted three days, took place during the day,
with the troops resting at night.
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Vehicle repair shops, ration supply points, and ambulances moved
with the troops during the maneuvers. Each battalion provided small
25X1 guard units which remained at the summer base camp
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17. only black shoulder boards .with red piping being worn by the
25X1 EM who participated in the maneuvers; some EM wore armor, signal
or QM .lisignia on their shoulder boards. All branchs of the Army
25)c1 were represented in the insignia worn by officers on their shoulder
boards.
18.
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The EM of the 95th Rifle Div, who represented the enemy troops,
wore white paper in their caps; the EM of the 46th Gds Mecz Regt,
who represented the friendly troops, carried no such distinguishing
marks. Umpires participated in the Maneuvers, I
IA critique was held for
the officers after the maneuvers'
There was considerable drunkenness amon the troops during Maneuvers
despite the fact that liquor was difficue.t to obtain. Some EM
occasionally argued and fought with thele NCOs
When the maneuvers were concluded in 0e,et r. the 46th Gds Meoz
Regt returned to K osterneuburg
Inasmuch as the 95th hl
with the maintenance of the training area,
46th Gds Mecz Regt were left behind.
21. In 1952 the 46th Gds Mecz Regt did not e a emplete unit
to Al1enttt for summer training. In e beginDthg of April 1952
the mortar battalion of the 46th Gds Mee; ef.r.t went to Allen ti
for firing and returned after two or threc weelkl, After the
25X1 mortar battalion returned the first rifle t,httallon departed for
summer training. The second rifle battailen was scheduled for
le Div was charged
personnel from the
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The first tank company left for the summer training area on 4 May 1952,
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Miscellaneous
22. Only generals, a few colonels, and MGB officers were permitted to
bring their dependents to the Soviet Zone of Austria. No reason
was ever given for not allowing other dependents to enter the..
Soviet Zone of Austria.
23. Soviet EM were not permitted to leave their barracks except on
work details or in formation. Soviet officers had much more
freedom of movement than did the EM. These restrictions on freedom
of movement, however:, were not obeyed. Drivers and supply clerks
were often sent without an officer escort to get food and supplies
and seized upon this opportunity to drink and fraternize. Officers
'frequently sent EM to run errands for them, and the EM would
usually take additional time to drink and fraterniZe. Members of the
soccer team had many opportunities to drink and fraternize when
they went into town to buy uniforms; to watch other soccer teams
practice, etc. Since EM guards 'did not interfere with other
EM who wished to go into town, many soldiers would wait until a
friend was on guard duty at a checkpoint without an officer and
then freely pass through the gates. Many EM who worked on vehicles,
guns. tanks and other equipment in a fenced off area Aee Enclosure
A, #237 could easily leave this area. Many of the EM?went to the '
USIA Ta Soviet operated store which sold merchandise to both
Austrians and Soviet troops) to buy liquor. Despite'CGF regulations
against drinking the USIA store openly sold alcohol to both
25X1 Soviet officers and EM. Both officers and EM were freauentiv drunk
especially on holidays and paydays.
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24. Officers received 45 days leave plus travel time each year and
25X1 could take their leave either in the. USSR or at snanial rpnt
centers somewhere in Austria
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According to hearsay information,
this leave had to be taken at one time and could not be broken
down into two or more shorter leave .
IBM were not supposed to receive any leave.
An EM could, however, with the approval of his unit CO, receive
10 days leave for excelling in political indoctrination courses,
for outstanding performance in trainingl or for compassionate
reasons.
EM who reenlisted
voluntarily (sverkharochniki) received'the same leave privileges
as did officers. During political debates an EM would occasionally
ask why,. such privileges as greater freedom of movement, higher pay,
better food, better clothing, leave, and the opportunity' to purchase
food from officers clubs, were. granted to officers and not to. EM.
The reply invariably was-that officers were in the army for a
period_of 25 years and' were therefore deserving'of-these privileges;
furthermore, any soldier could have similar privileges by
voluntarily reenlieting and, by doing so, have an Opportunity to
become an Officer. Practically every EM in the Soviet Army, however,
has no desire to become an officer and spend 25 years in the army;
the thought uppermost in their minds is to be demobilized 'and find
a decent job in the USSR. Other that an occasional question like
25X1 thls,I of any complaints against the leave system.
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25X1 I I Although moderate drinking by
orrieers was condoned, excessive drinking often resulted in a
25X1 Narenkov, who had been the operations officer on the
compulsory return to the US $R. This happened to a Major (fnu)
staff of the 46th Gds Mecz Regt. After repeated warnings about his
excessive drinking, which went unheeded by him, he was finally
25X1 returned to the USSR in the fall of 1951. 1 of three EM
in the 46th Gds Mecz Regt who, in either 1950 or 1951, were court-
25X1 martialed for fraternizing and sentenced to terms of five to seven
years of forced labor in the USSR. I in all the
25X1 other units of the 13th Ods Mecz Div an average of three to five WI
are arrested annually for fraternizing and then courtma tialed and
25X1 returned to the Van
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The principal complaints of Soviet troops in Austria were directed
against the restrictions an movement, drinking, and contact with
the local population.
'strict regulations.
there is general discontent with the.
luniike tne situation in the Soviet Union, EM in
Austria have little fear or respect for NCOs and often argue and
fight with them. There were usually three or four EM from the 46th
Gds Mecz Regt in the guardhouse all the time. Most of them were
placed there for being drunk, despite the fact that drunkenness is
widespread in the regiment and seemingly little attention paid to it.
never heard of any VD cases. Although the regulations against
drinking were broken dsily01 heard of such a serious breach
of discipline as deliberate disobedience to orders
in December 1950 or in January 1951 a
private from the 1st Mecz Rifle Bn, 46th Gds Mecz Regt, deliberately
shot himself in the leg for some unknown reason. Upon recovery this
private was courtmartialed and allegedly executed.
in the summer of 1949 an officer, a captain or major, of the 46th Gds
Mecz Regt deserted with his wife from Allentig
26
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The food served in the Soviet Army, while
plentiful, is nevertheless better than mo
same is true of medical care.
PX supplies, etc, do not influence morale
not too good or too
had at home. /he
food, medical carp,
at all.
-end-
Enclosure A: Area of 46th Gds Meez Regt in Klosterneuburg
B: Summer Training Area Near Al1en4.0
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Legend to Enclosure A
Barracks Area of 46th Gds Mecz Regt in KLOSTERNEUBURG, Soy Zone of Austria
(Only the sizes of buildings which source could describe are given below.)
1.2.3.4. Barracks complex, former German Army barracks, housing about
1060 NCO's and Pts of the 46th Gds Mecz Regt and the u/i
Engineer Battalion of the 13th Gds Mecz Div.
Breakdown:
1. Corner buildings of barracks complex; four stories and basement,
brick; size unknown.
la. In basement, potato and vegetable storage
lb. In basement, clothes and equipment storage
2. Three stories and basement, brick. Size unknown. The PX, the medical
detachment, Hq of the 46th Gds Mecz Regt. and a messhall large enough.)cyl
for all EM of the 46th GO MecZ Regt were located on the first floor.
'
3c. Storage in basement of engineer and chemical supplies.
saw-the following engineering equipment there: two or
pneumatic boats, one mine searcher (types unknown).
could not describe the chemical equipment since his hearsay
knowledge did not contain that information.
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EM in one
that he lived in this section together with 29 other
room about 10 x 8 in. They had double-tiered cots. In
the whole complex was only half-full and could
accommouae anowler 500-1000 EM. heard that additional 25X1
personnel would be arriving in June of 1952 and were to be housed
in the same barracks complex.
5. Officers' messhall, two-story brick building, accommodating 250-300
officers. Upstairs, officers' club..
6. Civilian two or three story buildings, exact size unknown, some
stucco, some brick, some wood, now used as billets for officers.
Officers lived two or three per room.
1
Austrian store.
Small one-story brick building used for food storage. I I 25X1
heard that it had formerly been a church. No other details.
Garage, one-story, brick, very large, size unknown, housed all
vehicles (an unknown number) of Mortar Bn of 46th Gds Mecz Regt
(mortars, prime movers, trucks.)
10. Garage, brick, one-story, housed unknown number of vehicles of
1st and 2nd Mecz Bns, 46th'Gds.Meoz Regt.
11. One story brick building used for storage of automotive tools and
for ordnance repair.
12. Large garage, one-story, ,brick, housing all motorcycles, armored cars
of Reconnaissance Company of 46th Gds Mecz Regt. In the corner (12x)
were 9 jeeps, 2 Studebakers, 1 Ford, 1 ZIS and 1 Dodge of Hq Company,
46th Gds Mecz Regt.
13. Garage, one-story brick, for about 35 trucks of Technical Automobile
Company, 46th Gds Mecz Regt. 13x - Vehicle repair shop.
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14. Outdoor storage area for 20-25 T/34 Tanks (under canvas).
15. Electrical repair shop, brick, one-story (batteries were recharged
here.)
16. One-story garage, brick, housing the trucks of the tank battalion,
46th Gds Mecz Regt (number of vehicles unknown.)
17. Two-story brick building, fenced off by five feet high barbed wire,
containing artillery supplies.
18. Check points - usually manned by one NCO and two Pvts.
19. Destroyed building, now used as 'a guardhouse.
20. Brick building, one-story (source heard that there were explosives
inside.)
21. Iron railing fence, two meters high.
22. POL storage place; wooden, one-story building and small underground
tanks; also parking area for some trucks.
23. Church in KLOSTERNEUBURG.
24. Center of the town of KLOSTERNEUBURG.
25. Electric factory (Austrian owned.)
26. Sales store of USIA (all soldiers employed in the garage areas fenced
off by fence (#21) could and did go there to buy alcoholic drinks.)
27. Austrian bar, frequented by Soviet officers.
28. Two-story brick house where CO of 48th Gds Meez Rest lived with his
staff. The CO had a room to himself and the Political Officer of
the 48th Ods Meez Regt had a room to himself; all other staff
officers lived two to a room.
29. Target range, let and 2n4 Bn.
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M1111?111111111. %WI MEN/i/ON/P OP MOIMINNO OM 00/01/11/ wairosmar is osimmiws a miasma. 411111111111J
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Legend to Enclosure B
005-4
Summer Training Area Near ALLEVti (4841N-1519E)
This area had formerly been an Austrian, and later a German troop.:
training area. Source heard rumors to the effect that Field Marshall
Paulus, (German Army) had trained his troops there. The area was
named "The Austrian Siberia" by Soviet troops because of the cold and.:
rainy weather and the desolate appearance. It contained,a polygon (training
ground) about 60 km x 40 km, as shown on attached sketch. Railroad
detraining points for those going to the polygon were at the village of,
NaIlFeia (4841N-1523) and Gooptrit,-- (48)43N-1524E).
In 1949, 1950, and 1951 most units of the 13th Gas Mecz Div and .?
the 95th Rifle Div and the whole of the 46th Gds Mecz Regt went tO
Al4sitat&tre for training during the summer moinths. In 1952, subunits
Of the 46th Gds Mecz Regt undertook their summer training in AlladVIW,
in such amanner that one battalion would be gone for two or three Weeke0
25X1 training at a-time. I 'not know whether other units of the.13tb
Gds Mecz' Div and of the 95th Rifle Div went to 14-1-r447.?4t- in 1952.
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from the regimental CO that the barracks were in poor
shape and were falling apart. He did not know whether it was contemplated
to repair the installations in kilultstoLgi or to discontinue their use for
summer training.
All buildings in the Alientf..teig_ area, unless stated otherwise below,
were barrack type buildings, one-story high, and about 20-30 in x 10 m.
Description below is of the camp as it had been in 1949, 1950, and 1951.
1. Open area, about 500 in x 500 in, surrounded by a wooden fence lt
high; used for parking of all guns, tanks and vehicles of the
Mecz Regt. The guns and tanks were under canvas while the trucks
and jeeps were without covers.
2. Reconnaissance Battalion, 46th Gds Mecz Regt area:
a. Messhall
b. Bath
c. Open air parking lot for vehicles of the battalion
d. Unknown number of barracks for personnel
3. The 46th Gds Mecz Regt area, about 1 km x 1 km:
a. EM messhall (for about 1000 EM)
b. Officersf messhall (for about 300 officers)
c. Hq of 46th Gds Mecz Regt
d. Bath
e. Reconnaissance Company area
f. Tank battalion area
g. Mortar battalion area
h. 1st MecZ Bn area
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Approved For Release 2003/08/06: CIA-RDP82-00457R014300530005-4
Approved For Release 2003/08/06 : CIA431432-00457R01430053 - X1
SECRET,
-2-
i. Artillery Bn area
j. Officers' billets
k. Services, AA, medics
1. Regimental NCO school
m. Depot for QM clothing, equipment and food; also housed the
voyentrog (PX)
n. Officers' club (also used by EM for lectures or movies)
o. Fenced off ammunition storage area
The 95th Rifle Div area - no details or estimate of size available
since source had never been in the area.
5. Hq of 13th Ode Mecz Div.
6. 2nd Mecz Bn, 46th Gds Mecz Regt area.
7. .Area of the 106th Gds HT and SP Regt and of the vehicle repair
shops of the 13th Gds Mecz Div.
8 Open parking area for tanks, guns,
Rett.
9. 45th Gds Mecz area.
SPs? vehicles of the 106th Gds lit 80
NOTE: 2 and 3 wdre surrounded by a cement fence topped with iron
railings to a height of about m. This fence was, however,
broken in seleral places and the breaks had not been repaired.
SECAET
Approved For Release 2003/08/06 : CIA-RDP82-00457R014300530005-4