CHEMICAL COMBINE NO 100 IN ALEKAIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00457R015200270003-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: C
• Document Page Count: 9
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: February 10, 2006
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 9, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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Approved For Re(diase!2006K13/01ZNECIA-RIDPIM00457R0f8DIOD270003-5
.N1FC) 54-VAT 0044 EIF-krt !RT. . ?7.1) No.
cU.A.NTRY USSR (Tula Obla,st)
SLIEJECT Chemical Combine No 100 in Ale:I:win
PLACE
ACQUIRED
DATE OF
iNFO. ? .
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DATE DISTR: 9 v.,:x.f.Torif,
NO OF FACES
510 OF ENCL.S,.2
tlis-1, Et) SELOW:#
SUPPLEMENT TO
REPORT NO.
?MI:M=2E
LI FRU, OoCwiPCORTAINS INFORICATIM AFFECT:0011dt NATIOSAL OFFEIIVT*
OF TYE STAVES. VITI101 TIM 3EARIZIO TIVLS tL SFC110/13
RID FSP). OF 'MI it. S. COWL R. LIWED. ITS TPAIISNISSIOGI ItSVet-
':,? ATIOR OF ITS COIITRIFII tO OR RECEIPT VS FR UNSIJTMORIESF, PRIttiat ,
PR311191770 &ACP VMS REPROI/UCIION Cl THiS FORIO PROttlerE41....#
illif,Le'Regregri'777,g4.7:--,--7474 ,
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THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMA7ICI4
Chemical Combine No iLu in Aleksin was located :in the eastern se or of the
city of Alsksin, Tula Oblast (,94.?311r,07?05'E), about 2 km from thc ra:1:od
station and about 600 m north of the left-hand bank of. the Oka Fiver
single-track railroad Line iinkinz Kalufza (54?30'N/364)18'E) and 7# if
Tala (54?121\1,?0?31.) :long the seuth side of the combine. rhe 1:11,n!.
had a railroad system with several spur tracks converging at the ilr.rit-(:w
railroad station do 73. The main approach road from the town of *tle.keiri
entered the plant on the no -theast
! -- X
;) , The combine was put into or:enc.:1On ri 193 buillings 'of thi 3 'Cat tb:
sustained only slight wt:r damage, buts most important install rt a:'
and ma-In inery were transferred to eastern U.S.S.R. The reconstru ar*
the plant began in 3,90 and the premises were considerably e:-,,ciani,342 ,r,,r-1
the following years-, In 1q7 and 19148 all installations of the 114111. re :e-
re-equipped ,with new machinery from Germany. Many of the new Out.id:Inrs rt
not finished as of early 19'0. Most of the new buildings wore sr tte
northern section of the combine and were constructed to increase, the :rroruertive
capacity. The power plant was also conerderably enlarged. A nra,q_ncr a Le
production plant and a new nitrorlycerine section .were added to the ( azi76
The combine covered an area of about 2.,5 by 1,5 km- Its produtiD e aUt,
included a sulphuric acid tower installation with pyrite roan tin.4 cot
an installati on for the production of ntric acid, an installatin f r it n
this acid to produce a mixture of nitrous and nitric acid, a larr,e tiLsra_letion
for -The production of ethyl alcohol and equipment for the _elect:col:, t: p at ic tic
of Chloride of alkali. There were a4so installations for the 7-woint
nifF-q-celaulose.? nitroglycerine, picric acid,and other nitrated ero7cx,.-5.17e;. trade
from pni-,00l (C0-15.W-1), kresol (Cir30C6Brj_OH)'?? benzol (COO,
etc used in the manufacture of explosives. Large buildings housrd ml,nntrei aring
sections which prodrced various mixed erelosives and artillerr ri fe,
arimiuniti on, as well as ammunition loadinr instsalations. Part of l e frn eled
,-?xplosi-r,res were stored in sheds n the -northern plant area in derv: werd
terrain. Other explosives, toFether with finished ammunition? wea, s ,are,in
bunkers in the western section of the plant which were wr.,tected i eribv.si:mt.ni:s,
Want ci s 1 petint- ran- c eouiened with several '-'711--3 Yh c-:7ftbine
CLASSIFICATION CONFDENTIAL
isTATE turf
F I A
R Ir. BI
1 FARB DISTRIBUTION ILI
ARMY $1, AI id
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aiso had a plant for tbe Utilization of run and collodion cotton war
which produced celluloid articles; plant for the production of rnbher
protective Clothing; sdmloistration and ofrice holdings; warchcorel-o
workshopp,and a number auxiliary installations. The plant had
own large power plant called Teplo-Elektro Tsentral (TETs), meanioo
steam-driven power station, ohich supolied electric power steam fon
hoatinr, The boiler ashes from the power station uere rrocessed into
building materials An a factory south o' the railroad line, A large
station suonlied the plant 1.1.th water. !Zaste water was purified in a
special plant prior to beinr carried off into Uho bite River. **
In early 190, the Chemical Combine in Aleksin produced sulphuric acil
(H2S0b), nitric acid (fiNO3), ethyl. alcohol (C2145.CH), nitrocellulose Ji
the f6rm of run cotton containing .abont percent nitrogen and collo lien
cotton with.- about 14.3 Percent ntroren, nitroolncerine ((C2N.CnCli2loOHug
picric acid (C6h2.614.C1003), nitrobenzol (CAHK.i10)), nitrotolnol onl
and similar explosives. ixed explosives made rrom basic exploEiiiest.-
to produce oan powder and were also used In aircraft bombs, minesdand terledo s.
Cevcral sources stated that in some b,iildings, chemical warfare aoontio
including lowisite and o!ostard as, were produced and placed in 7o!rinnitol.
Combs?-cans,?and other items were made from. rellnloid and rubber protectile
clothing and boilrling materials for the plant's own reouirements were
manufacturei from waste aid byproducts.
5, There were no raw materials in the vicinity of this combine. ,:oot of the cotl
came from pits near Tula. The most important suppliers wore %fle Shoheoir-hoel
Firm in ihciekinO (5)t061'N/37?31') and the Bobrikdonskol (5)OGi'N/315
pits, jeme of the cellulose for the, production of nitrocellolose oame freol tio
cotton fields in Central sia, in the form of 'cotton fibers. However, mosi
of thn ofallorilole come ero cel1nlo plan to I(oridr'ov, ne Toi_otnyanny
(54(7945lN/36oW) north t.O.: ,n the foro oS lignocelinioseo olyecriro
was supplied by the laroo soap and bone processing factory in 1.7aluoa
(501U14/3018'E) and from other plants. Pyrites from the Oral vele rcod c?.3
basic pyrites to obtain sulphuric acid, ill other raw materials, soci as
-
soda, kitchen salt, phospnorus,and solvents, including methyl alcohol (C9,0W4
as well as the empty shelIs, cartridge cases?and fuses, had to be suroliA
from other oiants.
6. Three 84our shifts were eorloie, T1,ere were about 2,CCO eMnloyees, of Tonom
half were Women, in each shift, Tnere w: re some soviet convicts and '7ooe-ed
laborers. Four German SpecicJi,sts, wbo had 17een transferred from German fir.mH;
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I I
7, The entire area of the combine oos surrounded by a fence, 3 meters h1_7,
with barbed wire. Certain factories wore individually l'enced in witn Oi:4 eti.
wire, and some of them had a 1arre number o{' itrhtning rods. There oora vcclfr,
-Jalchtewers, about 1C) m high, at varioy points in the plant area 41,1 ?
strictly forbidden. The niant was poarded by about 15 'ND sentries crh) were
25X1 blue and white epaulets' rlate cheeng and ratool
uas performed by civilian factooy police who used oatchdocs dnrinc th ninfOo
All factory oolice had rifles, submarine ounroor oistols and th,.re
war-
;iichlno -,11ns.on the watchtowers, o nuffter of 2O-mm twin AI, runs xnd
heavier :%h runs were emplaced in and around the combine. Near the main
administration binding was a station of the 'Alekain public fire briooee.
fire brirade had two obsolete fire enoines ond a number of foam fire eitioouisioitla.
There were fire extinguishers and sand boxes at numerous points in the cliirY,
The permits of all persons enterino the combine were very carefully cOtokod,
Certain sections wore accessible only to holders of passoorts
There seetons were under opecial control by the
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COP_ T1AL
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Conmont. For location sketch of tho combine, see Annex I,
IJonnent. For lacout skotch of t,e cobine. see :Lnnex
_
Corn,ent?, AccorLliaL: to available infore?nation, pert ef thc
orlbine I:o 100 in Aloksin was put into operation in 1938 an.f tc;
be expanded into e lar,,ze-scala erracsi,.re!-3 plant. Tho inntt1lat.01
which werc in operoticn in 1941 ircl,tderd I sIllphuric aid tor
plant-, 1 mixin.-7, installation for nitratilk7 acid; 1 nitrocellulei:e oj int;
nitro::17;rcerine installation; 1 plant for nitratinz bennol,
toluoljetc.'; 1 plant for t'-!e production of nixed explosives,
the production of explover char.;cs ard nropcilants for L-ari
orioll-orns orimunition,nrc ml tor s cuendern); 1 rl-los
cartrie cases., explosive c'..lar.7es, m-1(1 tracer a rImin:',A5..on, c1 Ir
also filled ,.vit'h rraTrc7. 7,asi and an uniContifieC
cherrical :..!orforc to latter 53107D. e..t1i,2r tie preo:,!nt ?opa-
city of the plant nsT.- UT: %110 ;or p7ont sC the
co:.lbinU ;h.oI in 111 ecrafip-.:ed ith4,-;;,e'steari boilers CI -ilj71 t710
tarbinc,"0, 13e: on 1213.tall.:o''' ca2ocitr: cf..,)-01000 117. In 1.91:1? the coribs'n,-)
erap1o.:(7. 1.5,000 workers, 1.nel cers.5r.lcton w.ecicors.
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Cheaical. Cc bine Io 130 in iileksin
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?
Att,L,c211E4,12,
f(A0trIC.
II, L
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11-111N S Ell. ITD 1 1 11 t\* \?\'
V 1
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('ON: iflENTLL
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..(1)EIDENTIAL
Attadhmcnt
7end:
1, tIsroa '1 21. TETsp the e:_ectrical po-mr plant and lon:-41;_staren cattr
plant of the combine, w';:c1 was ,rccted in 1933. Part of th.t_ 7;nc'ia?.:7;
and ot'er equip-ont --)31; ':rarslefred to i'ao eastcrn U.1)/:.;.. at the
nninr; of ,orld a 1 11 instollatio;o: erected after lc') or
A-Ionic-an or rrin on. 'in. The TETs cuylleC the coolbine and alrd 2111.-
n13 ieC pm,cr and so '.c steam for heating to .he town dintrict el
are Ici-,hbcrAn traties. It cooperated c3c17,, rith the pevci ) in Kant-if-al o cc C L (54c5WV36d1;"-:),and :)talincv;orsk, 'CF
Oblast (54c04"1/33?15(:_:),
1. Miler houre, equipped wit'-1 four coal-dust and oil-fired sterAm t ler
la/ Goa] heist.
^
Two trick s7lokestac!:s, ore old and one nev,
3. 1,11 open coal danu with standard--,;aue !ipur rack and a conorctc rail
ca'-)a'-le of storin2., aa to 2,000 tons of coal. The coal was 1Gw-,,ra
brown coal cortainip7 conaiderable quantities of waste matorial,
L. Coal drer:3i-.7 and crushir::, rlant. :afore hoin:; crushed the ctws,:7
cleared b7: :land?
Conve:,-in,-; equipment :or coal. Cast to be convo:jed to the boiler
cnnsistin:, of a conve:rer belt and n hue!mt elevator at the 72,oi:cr house, -
(
..ater nanp statior,
7? ,ate purif:TinL; arc ard a concrete re,T.ervef:.r
a built-in spiral pipe s:,,sten..
bu41d5n...,s Which u::q-c cot -et cent cd as of the end of 12U..
9. :;team boiler house am olrif:Tin-: plant for condensed watc-f, and
so2tenin7, apparatus asin: a lino-and-anCa Process
10. Turbie house 2 li turbines were in operation in 11))/,.) and
3 ne.; turbinea a(16e6 in 1W. Prelininar7 work for the .1,73tal10,.iol,cf
several new tIlrbin ni.::7-tW at the eml of 1940,
11. lar7e Aorage batteries,,
12. ''lectrical repair shop,
13. [wito!' house.
The 1..J.!iler honc, iu n cc tnra-:c hatter:!.
hovxe, were cm-Tected covered catvalky.
11, and zlochanicra crhsao
15. -Transformer jtellr enclfw,e6 arc- no in the open.
16. ;':) tanks for tr.riffc=en oil, each 20 meters hi:h and, 3 1-'.-)s_=a
in diameter.
11. i brick n-lekstack.
10. one-lir/7 to or cr(c;-k,:A' compoonts of a tenon
j_72, oflr
190 Lor.;-4..!1feiTco hcnt-
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12a. Lo a-: pine to the town. of Alokain.,
23 HIGh- rtline to '1.01:air and Kashira (540501E/38012v),
21? 1-71:11 rolta'ya lino to -talino:orsk (54(30LW18?15').
22. P,-..-ritp dun) and p;'Titc rcatin:: plant.
23. Sulphuric acid toTrer plant uith two :.ronps of 4. towers each.. Th-TC-
vIrl:7 a roof over each -1.cup of to-;crs an:i the towers -ere CcAth
metal,
Suphuric acid Pipos to the fTjAi717 rlant,
25. Deparnent or V:e proloration o: nitric and nitrous acid,
sulphuric and nitr-,.c
26 evrtzi.c acid plat several buildings; one eluipoed
roactic containers (1,7ations1eha;3:ter),,
27, l'atrid acid pipe lcadi:-,:! to the mixin: olart,
28 l.nt repari_r
29W, l'ipes nii-xic and nitrous acid to storn-e tanks ard
plants o2 the co7bire,
30, .Stann:c lace for
.arel;ouscs.
-ater',a1 arehenss n7alcadin; platfam.
:air) ard aoices for th crocilation end stora::e of
Thee LI:jadircs .for:1,-.?C a scparatel:,- ferbed and :.uarded :3eotion.
two of these buildis ore in use fror, 19h5 to nid-124S, 03:e v,as
equipoed vith aY the ?nor contcOned 1.! tanks, S9varal
tare had ..;(son- recenti7 ccylcletod. F.1-percenta:,P?et):71 alochcl
produced.
34. C3everal stcr:i.lac varioso sc:71rOnts, methvi ;1a in
lt
Pipes carrT.in: oth:71, z--1.cohol nr,, other solvents to the ie-:,Cuc-
tion Cer-rtr-..onts
36. Production nrd stora:e of nitrocellulos are 7un cotton, -rsne
bn.-infss sins n
37 Thc rennir s'aens,
3C. :;evorea -tr :TOC.:71C celluloid products fre.1 nitrocClul-)se
waste*
for of?chlorine and for chlerid.c
electrol7tis. ?
t,hrou.-1'. ritroj-reorine Plant :''or Lt72, built in 1.946. and l946 AA:
-into aneration in la to 121. This plant 'cdmisted af several
located' in a separately forced-in and oltseIT 7:ardor', area,
LO, Cffi.ae
? Li. Gorcrer.e used to stor
? ,??.
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42i Throe separate tan..:-.3 on concrete foundations, each 3 itr H: .
moter,, The t-..:?to outrds'.e, tans J.nrc 30 7eters hizh and the i. nc
I'las about 20 ..^.etern
43. Ceolin,:f plant '.7ith 'nuilt ?in spiral pipe system and cev'ernl.
fual pumps
Transformer house,,
buUdjrr;-v:ith a il1 room in the vrestorn section, and.
ri:!le northern ',-)ay hous.:.et ? 3 low containers, I r' t?'. csIli '
rioter, and. the sout:icrn 11?171.1w: 2 react,ion ei,ontainers, each 7.')
and 3 meters a di arnoter? heatir; pipe from t..he -
plant, extended into thi.s roon2.7thich had numerous "ipos 10 o?...7,-rtait at::;
Tlad thier ?lend
)46, with 2 h.,,ri-i.ental o1 nra, cach 2 neters loan ar,d 2 TitoTs
in di.ar-viter, and nn opcn -"::::.ntforn or the rest sec-
J7? 74,.7c.) aipes, 00 in di.ameter and 205 rrters unc'er-s-rould.,
p3ant`s T:es 1:72 anc?.;
throint 570 :i-t. 7t.-? 1173,1/h.lci and stored 0:::r1 CS 5.V?
? U., A n:Ltro..-1-ycorir_o Plant bui:i.t in 72:;.'..7,7 and.. 1c),1.-,.C.,
fao7-nin 7:.earb.:., was a
anc....Z.Zi_ce and several nanufacturin:: roc-7.7s_
49. A red bri..c1;. it shall v.-7*.rtlows near the ceilin,i,! and :-... ???'o'sd.?",r1
!, :
'nero6 rai/road ow -a conlci loaded and nloaded at the sale
craored acl c-r was stored in apnrt3.tioned room in the 1-,c..?.b11.4.
eastern section of
flat?roofed brick factory buildih.; four roorts
each housinz a con'r,rifu...;:ei,11 prar., coupled to a sparicioroof a')ter?
'Pio central section I the huildin: :2ousee 12 cc.-1-:..n.dr3cal t.,oirons
each tii.) old:, 5 meters iri and 5 ry? tens .ft diameter, ar.:d -,??,ras tad
tine -c t ic i a of t'l.e ..--Sen
subterranean pi.cr. ha.-:7 to out on
repairs, f:ric acrid nine led into the buildin.7.:
53?. t-le plant off acs tr-: one rem,
whaz the rest of Lac 1ant 7.47ns used for,
Two x 6 x fOrner irrts t; double deona
Jc-17,
:7101.7..cces 01 ?
53. are
COVer06 7714,7:1,' earth 'and -IC-tr.-7'3 ?
the c.',Iionst t. ???!e- :est sidc.: .,37.1-1.?1?%)1Inik,?f ?-? '3Cr)r.- - ?
rate iiC5o
0 cubic. -noter...--
floor? o.r.per stories of
Val...'??es? and 71,7,,nr th0 c r
::'.-ro77. the .7tr?.?
-.1?) L.- ? ? ?
IT a a1C 11-a-zn;cer-,2..at;TH:1 band..131:
?!V ian. ra-n( c 'on. ? 1-Or t.ci.-17 -
pipe
(.,H17,FIDEarlk
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C.; j?.;;DLii111,41,
Attnehnmt
FT:710.1 hut1cii (IC to tore iicd.d e:noloaives, and, several. 1-
tar:cc about 10 'i cor i diameter. 77.-Lese tmks were Lron!-:
;round, and pro.jectod about 1 netf..::r above the surface... Tho7.-
surrc.-,-uncied. b;?..- wooden fences aal(f, 21(10 ."-100d011 lids ant! lt-,-;htorrin: IC -
tors or: top. This section was ....3urrounded IT an extra-I.-trona ha-..i.?bod..-
7jro?fencc and -was c:losely
1..r old brick 'aater tower, al;J:mt 2 'eters
around the iint.)er section.
:...,epartzient for th(..! pr-'duction of nitro-2.:e1atine.
60, f.,4.1:Dartment for the -,rocio.ction of "rd.X0d explosives, with
.,1..ent and devices for leTRLi_n!, ar,;-vnition. Thousands of 500 x
500.--rnr. contair-lers Vailt tn oeden racks, moct of thcm of isrierietnoriir,.
in the area. 'The: r Were :lade of sheet n-ine?
cior.tairod powder of dill'erert
61. :7:torac,e shed for and. Icadin7, section.
62? f"3awnill for the of 17)P.C!7i.11".
63.1--',ui1dirc used in the ::;:rod notion and air of rub' -c.s.r fe e r-.)1 er
clothin7?,and, nr.'ober -Lcvos for the orn requtrQ::ertc,
;X:21 00 11TO s nn d '.? dirri)s, conSisti:!..y-: of several
'71"51"? Oartia
hi hp with a circular wa
65 in fo-c
old-7,711"--3Os1 ace
ono "C:0-rli. or
66. Duni') i-Tard for di;: :ant
67. ]:"...ennel for watchclo--,s,
pipo le
69, -.,ater pump ::3tation,
? .:avine o
o
..n- Polycon, erc :nic7ral
ir 7 ,11..* ?ore 172-Mr Lt-zr
r:Tun,ar,:o one .1.20-1L1
vc1 ear iT.(u trial rlateri?41?
slrrounded brt,;-,.r1)aci wire and shru'el-ery.
,din-: fren the station on the 01'.-a
rtIN''.",3-10
throw Th i.icl a waste water 'pipeline
5tat5 on to the ?S1
72,, ..nste water rr.7rU'yi
extend ed fra7,. th?
73.. Derar-:::,c_lent for 1...,he utf.1:i.zation of cFhes nndTir,-)duction of ...r
c -..s is tdn,-T_-, of .:7actor 31.0.1din .73, storm fe and dwell ,
13arrae?.-:c.ar:d71.1arc::s
.171t3 t-1 Lc fI.re bri. Tido, and a to-....er,
cer'lbj..27V3,
.;1.c..nuon.,F,
C , of
f ifiv; tion.
? c-C
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