JPRS ID: 8231 TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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i8 JANUARY i979 FOUO N0. 620 i OF i
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~7PRS L/$23i
18 January 1979
~ ~ e
TRANSLATIONS ON SUB -SAHA RAN AFRICA
FOUO No, 620
U. S. ~OINT Pl~6LICATIONS RESEA~CH SERVICE
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ho~r~
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, BI6LIOGRAPNIC OATA 1. Nepon No. 2~ Ftecipient's Aeceseion Nu,
SNLET .rp~s L/ sa3i
, u e an u tu e S~ eporc ~te
TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAE~tRAN AFRICA, FOUO No. 620 ].8 January 1979
6~
7. Author(i1 8~ Performins Otganitation ttepi.
No,
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1S. Supplemcnc~ry Nae~
tb. Abstnets
~The report contains information from African and specialized West European
publicatione and radio on political, economic, and sociological developments.
17. Key radi and Daumeot Aaalysi~. 17a Descripton
Political Science xInter-African Aff. X Ghana Rwanda
Sociology xAngola X Guinea Sao Tome and
Economics Benin Guinea-Bissa~. Principe ~
Culture (Social Botewana Ivory Coast ! Senegal
Sciences) Burundi Kenya Seychelles
Technological Cameroon Lesotho Sierra Leone
xCape Verde Liberia Somalia
Central African Madagascar ~South Africa
Empire !?alawi Swaziland
Chad Mali Tanzania
Comoro Islands Mauritius ~Togo
Congo x Mozambique Uganda
- D~ibouti Namibia Upper V~lta
Equatorial Guinea x Niger Zaire
Ethiopia x Nigeria x Zambia
174. ldeaifiera/Open�Ended Terms ~Gabon Reunion
. Gambia ~ Rhodesia
17a COSATI Field/Group 02, SD, SC, SK
1!. Availsbility Statement 19. Seturity Cliss ('I'6is 21. ~10. ot Psses
FOR OFFICIAL U5E ODILY. Limited Number of RQP�"~ 38
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' JPRS L/8231
18 January 19 79
TRANSLATIOIVS ON SUB~SAHARAN AFRI CA
FOUO No. 620
CONTENTS PAG~
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAlRS
Pan-African Development Inatitute Activities Reported
(MARCHFS TROPICAUX ET MEDIT~NEETis, 28 Dec 78) 1
Arab Aid to African Countries Reported
(r~xc~s ~oricAVx Er rrnrr~s, i5 nec 78) 2
Club de De~kar Proposals Reviewed
(Editorial; MARCHE~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITEE~RANE~IS,
8 Dec 78) 5
EEC-ACP Sugar Talks Reported
(MARGHrS TROPICAUX ET MEDITEftRANEENS, S Dec 78) 8
Briefs
Tripartite Meeting on Cooperr~tion 13
9TABEX Grants 13
EEC F~nergency Aid 1~
Alleged Multi-Country Mercenaries 14
Trans-African Road Pro~ect 14
ANaOIA .
Ambassador RefLites Published Allegations on Detente -
( MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERFtArtEENS, 8 De c 78 15
Briefs
tJN~A Airc~aPt Downing Denied 17
Angole.n Reft~gees Movement 17
Alleged aL1R Troop Presence 17
~
- a - (III - NE & A - 122 FOUO~ .
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CONTEN'r8 (Contl.nued) ~'ge �
CA~ VERDE :
Briefs 18 ~
ADF Agricultural, Waterwork$ Loan . . ~
GABON ~
Brie fs
Increased Bud~et Adopted ~9
F'irat Cubau. Trade Delegt~tion ,
GHANA
BrieYs 20
New FYshing Veesels
DiPficulties in Cocoa Sector 20
GUINEA ~
PDG Con eas Balance-Sheet, New Politbureau Members List
~AFRIQUE-ASIE, 11 Dec 78) 21 -
;
MO'LANIDIQUE
~Pra~me.tic~ Spirit May Be Sufftiising Agricultural Field
(Francois Soudan; JEU1~ AFRI~IFE, 13 Dec 78) 24
BriePs 26 ,
Planned flungarian Military Cooperatian 26
Co~tton Crop Satisfactny 26 ~
New Fishing Yeasels 26
Plannirag for Salt I1'actories ;
NIG~
Briefa 2
Saudi Aid 7
NIGERIA ~
~
Briefs 28
Sovie~ Military Air Trainin~ 28
Oil Loading Terminal Contract 28
Eliropeax? ~3ank Loan
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C,ONTENTS (Continued) ~~e
SOtTrH AFRICA
BrieY~
Urantum for ~elgium 29
TOGO
Briefs
AI~B Hospital Construction Loan 3~
~ Eyadema on Common Defenae 3~
Cement Company Investments 3~
ZANIBIA
Political, E�sonomic Situation Reviewed on Eve of E.lections
(MARCL~ES TROPT_CAt~Y ET I~DITF~NE'II~TS, 8 Dec 78) 32
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INTER-AFRICAN AFb'~~RS
PAN-AFRZCAN DEVEIAPMENT tNSTITUTE ACTIVITIES REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANE~IS 3n French 28 Dec 78 p 3364
[Article: "Activities of the Pan-African Institute for Development"]
~Text] The Pan-African Institute for Development [IPD, General Secretariat
in Genev~J is particularly interested in rural development, which it promotes
through the training of students in its three regional institutes: in Dc~uala, ~
Buea and Ouagadougou. A fourth center is planned for east Africa.
In th~ course of the academic ~ear 1977-78 the Douala center enrolled 48
students, coming from Benin, nurundi, Cameroon, Gabon, Upper Volta,
Madagascar, Niger, Rwanda and Togo.
~ The Buea center was atten~ed by 61 students, coming from Botswana, Cameroor~,
Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Nigeria, Uganda, Sierra
Leone, Somalia, Sudan, S~aaziland, Tanzania and Zambia.
Under a contract with the government of Upper Volta, the Ouagadougau center
has organized the training of 25 potential members of the higher staff in
matters of rural development.
In these three African centers the Institute employs 53 zxperts: economists,
sociologists, engineers, etc., of all national:;.ties, European and African.
~;stimated expenses for the current fiscal year (1978-79) amount to 720 million
CFA, and the budget is guaranteed by contributions of donating organizations
and industrialized countries, and by subsidies from various African states
(Nigeri.a, Ivory Coast ancl Cameroon.)
At the regional meeting for Africa of the United vations conference on science
and technology for development, the IPD presen~ed a working paper dealing with
the ef'fective utilization of science and technology for development. E~.trther-
more, the IPD published, in September 1978, an important selected biblography
on int~grated rural development.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1978
93~+7
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I~1TERr-A~'RICl~1 AFFAIRS ~
~RAB ~D TO AFRICAN CO~QDiTRIES REPOflTID , ~
i~asis MARCSES '1~QPICAUX ET ME~TTERRJl~1S in French 15 Deo 78 p 34~7 ~
[Exaerpte] During the ~ecoxid quarter of 1978, the Sunaiti Fund for the
Devel4pment of the Arab Countrieg aad the Saudi Development F1ind 8ranted
14 developin8 countries in Europe, Aeia aud Afrioa loana totaling the
equivalent of $373.94 ~llion ta tinarice pro~ecte conces~ed with electric ;
power, teleaomm~u~aioationa, railroade, porta, road Qonstruation, irxigation
and vrater eupplr, induetry, education and other progrsme of socisl intereat. ~
We p+ablieh belor? the detail~ on grauts involving llfrica (for the ~iret
~ qv.:rter, aee MARCHES TROPICAUX ET I~DIT~'F~S of 29 September 1978,
p 2573)s
Mauritania ~
Conetruction and equipment o~ a~B~~~P�le~~~l~oatal costt~81 12~ ,
10 outbuildinge for scade~r a~dmini P
million). . ~
Con~truation of a law aa~d court complez at No~u,~lcchott (total coets Bl 20 ~
million).
Constructioon of a ho~pital in E1-Aioun and restoratio~n ot the a].iaice in '
Bou~i, Bautilimit and Tanboura (total costs Rl 10 million),
Developmsnt of Noualcchott Radio B~s~osdcaeting Station prog~sme (tctal costs '
R1 8 million). ~ ;
Heetoration o! wells and conetruc~tion of 64 new vella (total costs R1 30 i
million). 1
Construation of a prSatinS houee for textbooks and academic volumes aad Af '
achoole in moet tovne (total aostt 81 20 million). ;
Saudi Dev~elopment l~nds 81 100 million (terms not pnxbliahed) for these ;
varioue pro~ecte. ~
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Benin
Restora.tion of the Godomey~-Bohicon- Abomey gi.~way; repair of a,aphalt and -
' lsterite roade; purahaee of neceasary equipment; a study for the iadprov~ment ~
of the Ouidah-Alla~d~? 8ighway (total aoett KD 6,01 million).
Kuwa,iti hl~nd for the Development of the Arab Cowntriee: ~ 2.25 million.
Hate of intereets 296i terms 25 yer~ra; deferreds 5 Yea~a.
Guinea-Hieeau
Exteneion of Bi.esal.anaa Airport runway from 2,40Q to 3,200 m, dra3neg~e and
fenoing. 8el,nforcement of the runway and aoaese roadg. Provieion of
lighting and navigational aids :Ln oonformity with ICAO [International
Civi1 Aviation Organization] st,aadards. Conetruction of a por~ter pla~nt rrith
connecti~pg netYOrk and civil engineering prn~ects~ Constrnotion of an
1,800-sq,uare-meter ~ermine~l ar?d a fire-�i~t3ng s~ation (total aoet:
I~ 3.78 million).
Kuwaiti F~nd for the Development of ~he Arab Countriest ~ 2 million,
Rate of interest: 296; term: 25 yeass; deferreds 5 years.
Inotallation of an induetrial complex in the Cumere area for the processing
of local producto (peanute, riae~y for the production oP arude and refined
oil~ of proteine, oil cake, cattle feed, poliahed rice and soap (total
coett Rl 270 mi2lion).
Saudi Development Fund.
Liber.ia
Construction of a 61-lan road betr~een Tubman Bridg+e and Bomi Hills and a
concrete bridg+e acrosa the Saint Paul River (total costs 81 80.8 million).
Saudi Development Funds Rl 31.8 million (terms not publiehed)~
Extenaion.of the Bishroud Power Station throu~ the installation of t~ro
13-Mw d.iesel g~eneratore designed to supply 5,000 moderate-income Monrovia
families and meet the cauntry~e ener~y needs until 1982 (total aosts
R1 108 million).
Saudi Development Flinds R1 38.8 million (terme not pnblished).
Gabon
Conatxucti.on of the Trans-Gabonese Railroad; provisian of locomotives, the
ei~aling syatem and telecommunicatione (total cost estimated at R1 4.65?
billioa).
Saudi Development Pund: 81 70.6 million (terms not publiahed).
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Kenya, '
Convereion of the Sansumua Darn into a flow-oon~rol dam, Con~truotion of
three dietribu~ion reeervoirs, tWO pumping atatione and 200 l~u of conveyor
aondui,ts ~to eupply Na3robi rrith water (total aosts R1 80.8 million).
Saudi Development ~indt Rl 31.8 million (terms not publiehed).
Madagasoax
Congtruotion of a oonarete divereion dam, a tunnel and ans underground 2~ndro- '
eleatria power plant at Andekaleka. Installatiox? of two 28~Iw turbine8 and
tr+o g+eneratore, Construation of a 150-km-loag 138-kV power line to
Antanaaarivo and three etationa (total aost estimated at Rl 408~63 million)~
Saudi Developmsnt Fundi R1 42.4 million (term9 not published).
Ae of 1 July 1978s 1 Saudi rial =$.29, 1$uwaiti dinar �~3.63. '
COPYRIGHTs Hene Moreuz et Cie, Paris, 1978
11,466 ~
CSOs 4400
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INTER-AFRICAN AF~'AIRS
.
CLUB DE DAKAR PROPOSALS REVIEWID
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDI~ERRANEIIVS in French 8 Dec 78 p l.
~Editoria~.: "Proposals of the Club de Dakar for the Renewal of Lome"]
~TextJ Negotiations for the renewal of the Lome Convention formed the main
background of the work of the fifth general assembly of the Club de Dakar,
analysed below by Jacques Ferrandi, former director of the European Deve~.op-
ment Fund, and a member of the club.
Faced with sudden changes in international economic affairs which the pres-
3dent of the club Mr Mohamed T: Diawara summarized, the industrial3.zed
countries and the PVD [underdeveloped countriesj tried to define a new con-
tractual framework for their trade which would be applicable simultaneously
� on a world-wide level through the ~jnternational institutions (UNCTAD [United
Nations Conference on Trade and Develc~pmentJ, UNIDO ~United Nations Indus-
trial Development Orgr:nization) etc.), and on the reg3onal level. Negotia-
. tions on the world-�rtidc 1eve1 are progressing onl.y slowly and by fits and
starts because of the ~xcessively diverse motivation of the different partners,
as became evident in the recent failure of the Geneva Conveii~ion on the common
assets of raw materials. On the other hand, the nine countrles of the Euro-
pean Community and the 55 countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific
(ACP) hav~ succeeded in organizing t;heir trade within the framework of the
Lome Convention.
In both cases the objective of the underdeveloped countries is the same: To
secure thQir growth by promoting their general industrialization, which is
considered a necessary cAndition for their ~.gricultural development. This
objective is likely to b~ fulfilled only under three conditions. The under-
developed countries must find outlets for their manufactured ~roducts not
only in their own markets but, on a substantial scale and for a long time,
on the markets of the industrialized countries. They must be able to raise,
under acceptable conditicns, the private capital which is essential to their _
- industrialization, and which they cannot collect totally from their domestic
savings. Finally they must be assured of a certain stability in their income
. earned from exports, that is to say, from the market price of the raw mater-
ials which, to this day, still constitute the mair. bulk of their trade with
industrialized cauntries at profitable rates, particularly in the case of
sub-Sa.haran Africa. ~
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'.Che Lome Convention, with its dii'ferent funds for financin~ and with,~he
STABEX ~Export Income Str~bilizat3on System], fulfills ~hese requirements
fairly well on a world-wide scal.e.
However, if a prolongation of the econom3.c crisis beyond the prognostications
of experts should coinc3de with the first successes of the policy of indus-
tr3alization pursued by underdeveloped countries, notably Southeast Asia and
Latin America, this might pose a threat to the results already obtained. The
underdeveloped countries have observed among their industrialized partners a
temptation to resort to protectionism in order to~ defend domestic industries
and to safeguard domestic employment, as well as a decline in long-term
private investments.
Some forms of "neo-protectionism" practiced by the United States and Europe
were denounced in a communication by Prof Be1a Balatta, consultant of the
World Bank and a member of the faculty of Johns Hopkins University in
Baltimore, wtio would prefer to see the industrialized countries frankly
resort to tariffs, which, it seems to him, are more in keeping with the law -
of supply and demand than are various insidious non-tariff ineasures such as
quota systems, governmer.t subsidies within the framework of a"rationaliza-
tion of industr,y" and policies aimed at setting up an apportionment of the
market.
Is it then necessary to rely on the law of supply and demand a~lone to bring
about the structural adjustments in industrialized countries which would
lead to the new international division of labor? Mr Claude Cheysson, who ,
:i~ ~n charge of cievelopment in the Brussels European Commisui~n, but who was
expressir.g his personal views as a member of the Club de Dakar, categorically
rejected the very idea of protectionism, which would be "suicidai~~ for Europe.
On the other hand, he advocated a"signal planning", accompanied by a system
of "advance alert" which would allow European countries to take, in time, the
measures required to bear the economic and social cost of the adjustments
imposed by the industrialization of the Thi~d World.
Third World industrialization should furthermore be included--as, paradoxi- -
call,y, it is not--among the criteria to be taken into account in plans for
industrlal restructuring in Europe, for which tlze EEC spends from 4 to 5 bil-
lion dollars every year.
Such planning should be worked out with the cooperation not only of the stat~, .
bu~ ~.lso of the economic "operators," industrial ancl comrriercial bankers repre-
senting the private sector--whose place in the development of the underdevel- i
oped countries would thus be recognized--as well as of representatives of
labor. ,
M~reover, the underdeveloped countries, and particularly the African states, ~
must be prepared to define their priorities and their ~wn projects. These '
criteria would be met by the project of the Club de Dakar which consists in
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determSr~ing '~master plan~" nf development~ by qeo-ecnnomiC :egi~na. mhe
~ Club has already prepared a preliminary sk~tch of such a plan for west
Afric� in th~ broad~~t sen~e (from Nouakchntt to Kinshaea), for the reali-
zatian oi' which it in ~~~king fundt~.
As for the fin~ncin~ of investmentn by the private sector~ ~veryone ge~ms to
6~CknOWlndge that ther~ is av~?ilab~e capi~al fbr a]1 prn~ects which are ~cri-
ously studied ~?nd which present th~ prospeCt of ~arning e~ proPft. (The dis-
_ cu~sion ~timulated by Mr ~rne~t H. F'lesser's i~eport on the oc:casion of th~
fburth ses.ion of' the Club in Luxembourg uhow-sd that the responsibility of
fin~ncing non-profit-ma~kin~, pro,jects, in the b~nking sense of the term, cannoti
be asgumed by the private s~Ctor.) If
private investor~ hav~ been hesitating
i'or ~everal y~ar3 to become more involved in Africe~, or, for that matter, 3n
un.y purL of the Third World, it is b~cause th~y conaider th~ non-coe~nerieal
risk~ tno he~?vy. Af'rican~, to whom th~se fears sgem ill-fbunded, expressed
astonishme~~t, in the discu~sions oi' th~ Club, at the requirem~nt~ af private
investors, which the,y deemed excessive. mo relieve their qu~lmy, Mr Cl~ude
Cheys;on expressed the wi~h that the next convention of the E~C~ACP shovld
:et up a collective guarantee which would sup~,lement the mechanisms of
nationul guarantees, considered inadequate by private investors.
Up to the?t point the Club members pre~ent were, but for e f~w minor questions,
in overul]. agreement with the positions of Mr Cheysson, or with those of the
~ru~sels Commission, such ~s they are known. On the other hand, the improve-
~ mc~nts on the Lome Convention sup,~ested by the Club's president, Mr Diawara,
in his opening remarks--suggcstiona which were not all reiterated in his
clo~ing ~peech--are in opposition to the ~uropean Commission. The latter
does not regard with favor the creation of new funds to be added to those
alreac~y existing, a process which often contravenes the ob~ective atriven
_ for, and further accentuates the dependence of the beneficiary countries.
� Within the sluggish economic climate of E~irope, a dnubling of the amount of
the fifth EUF ~Economic Development fizndJ is not likely to be accepted.
~ ~'inally, and perhaps p~rticularly, the Brussels Convention i~ opposed to g
"globalization" of STABEX, that is to say, to its extension to all product:,
exportr.d by the ACP (their number is sround 1,7~4) to all destination3, begin-
nin~; ut a threshold of dependence equal to or clase to 2ero, without even
mentioning the compensation of' the effects of inflation. One might as well
~uaruntee the balance of' trade of the totality of the ACP and entrust the
rc~pons3bility for it to the International NSonetary Fund.
- COPYRIGtiT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1978
931+7
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~UR n~NICtAL U5~ ONI.Y
1N'1'~:k-AF'~tICAN /1~'F'A'1f~:3
~EC-ACP SU(}AR TALKS REPORT~D
Paris~ MARCHES TROPICAUX ET t~DITERRANF~iB in French 8 Dec 78 pp ~3363-64
(Article by Brusaels epecial correspondent: "Sugar: Common Front Against
~ Incoherence"~
(Text~ In a communication which it recently transrattted to the EEC Council, ~
Lhe ~uropean Commisaion draws attention to the incoherence of the Com~?unity .
and th~ member states in the sector of sugar. The situa,tion can be swrmned '
up as fol]Aws: While the world market regiRters important surpluses, some
European enterprises, benefiting from public guarantees, continue to keep
up sugar investments in the countries of Africa, the Caribbean eatd the
Pacific, and thus promote overproduction. ~
In its document, the Commission calls for a common front on pro3ects oP
sugar refinement in the ACP statea whiah have the backing of EEC atates.
The incoherence which it has observed has led the Commission to take s
closer look ~t the evolution of investments in proceas or pro~ected in
the au~ar sector in ACP countries. They hsve found that:
--The sugar production of AiCP states necessarily earmarked for export will
reach 2.9 million toris in 1981, as against 2 million at present'(To these
should be added, of course, surpluses from other underdeveloped countries,
for which only partial informe~tion is available.)
--~?o-thirdr~ of�the p~o~ects in progress or planned in the ACP states
reccive financie.l backing and technical assistance from Community operators,
who generally benefit from government gus.rsntees or interest discounts. The ;
actiona of the Co~nunity operators are in the fields of promotion, engineer- ;
ing, the c?anagement of enterprises, the supply of equipment on credit, as ~
well as in gaue particular cases, the guare.r~tee of e~ssuring the ma?rketing oP i
suge~r for s certain contractual. period. In most cases these actions are
carried out ~ointly by one or more European firms.
Situation oP the World Market -
In the cource of the last three campaigns, the suge?r market has evolved as
foll.aas ~r ~ uorld-s~?ide level (in 1,000 t of rax sug~r; September-August
bel.a.nce aheet):
a -
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~OEt OF~ICIAL US~ 0[~LY
i975-7~ i9'~'6-77 i977-78 ~
~P,Bti. ~
Ori~inal ntock 17,3~5 20,~~~~~ 23,33~
Produ~tidn f~2, 7f30 86, 0$4 92, 5~4
Quanti~t~~g on h~nd ioo,o85 io6,5~o ii5,83o
Consumption (1) 79,650 ~3,19~ a5,5~
~Sne~l rstock 20,440 23,334 3~,304
Percentage of consumptian 26 28 35
Price in free worl~ market, 1n UC~
(~urope~n Account UnSts~ tons (2) 273�90 169 130.F3
_ Calculat~d by the difference between the quantity on hand and the final
ctock.
(2) Annursl nv~rage July/June (London "spot" price).
At the saa~e time, the availability for export f'rom th~ Community tends to
increase on account of the "preferential" importation of suqar reau].ting
from the increased prodtiction.
Situ~tion on the Cottmon Market
Such a situation poses for the Community and for ita member ststes a very
grave problem of coherence between the different policies, internal and
external. Thig incoherence come~ to light in the matter of sugar and of
the corre~ponding shipments of production and processing equipment. It
nlso exists in other fields. The Cocmnission has aelected the suge~r dossier
onl,y as an example, in order to provide the data necessary to the appreci~-
tion of a significant file, and in order to propose to the Council and to
~ the member states the reflections Which it urgently calls f~r�.
The data xhich the Commission has collected from oPfici8l r,.,urces concern
all sugar pro~ect's in progress or envisaged in ACP states, whatever may be
their source of fine.ncing.
From these data it appears that by 1981, after all the pm~ects that were
planned have been completed, th~ production of ACP states will reach 4.8
million tons, as a~ainst the present 3.5 million tons. The predicted bal-
ance of imports and exports, taking into account the pro~ected development
of consumption in the ACP countries, shows a large surplus of sugar produc-
tion, which the ACP will inevitably eazmark for export; available supplies
will thus increase to 90d,000 t compared to the present situQ.tion (current
export~ of million tons, of which 1.22 million benefit from the guaran-
teed Conunon Market price on the basis of the I~ome protocol), tN,at is to say
un increase ot 45 percent.
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~ � ~
Sugar B~l~nce-Sh~~ti of tihe ~C ~
(in ].~000 t eq~.tivalent white sugar)
i976-77 i977-78
(~sti.)
1) F,�oduc~ion within the framework
of the quotas A~~ 9,820 io,74o
2) Importa:
_ --from A,CP and P'rOM [expansion unknown)
statea and India 1.,313.2 1,305.2 (1)
--from the Third World
(a) in original fbrm 27 27
(b) p~ocessed i31 ]28
3) Expor~~:
--ir~ original form 1,477 2,859
--pro~essed 262 259
4) Congumption 8,997 9,242
5) 8tocks at intervention 941 (2) 1,587 (3)
(1 period of delivery July-June ;
~2 ~ on 31/~/1976
~3) on 3~I9I1977 ~
This increase in global production will arise from 66 identified pro~ects of ~
varying sizes, aawng which some are still imprecise with regard to anticipe~ted '
volume of production. Forty-four of these pro~ects are carried out or planned
aith the help--only exceptionally minimal, but g~nera~ll.y considerable--of
European ogerators, who are themselves supported by an arsenal of government
aid to exports.
One ~uBtification sometimes given for the size of certain pro~ects is that
one should guarantee profits by sttaining a minimum size. This doea not
~ustify the pro3ects destined entirely for export, and it cannot conceal the
fact that the only motive for orienting pro~ects in this direction has fre-
quently been the exclusive concern Por investing capital gooda. In this
matter five countries occupy.a significant place:
Tons of raa sugar avaflable for export Actual Estimated 1981 .
Cemcroon 12,000 100,000
ivory coast o 160,000 (i) ,
Kenya 0 105,000 '
~udan 0 187,000 ti
BWazil,and 216,000 359,~
,
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`
mna~; is to u~y 6n3, 000 1; for onl,y f3v~ c:nuntri~n (which Coul~ have b~~n `
. A83,ooo t).
(1) mhis figur~ would have been 360,000 t if the president o#' the Ivory
' Coast had not had the courage to canc~l op~ration~ of 50,000 t e~ch, in3tiaL].y
planned for and alr~a~y almost undertaken.
Som~ ~uropean opera~tors nre 3nvolved ir? all the pro~ects concerning the ~o].-
lowing countiries:
Caaaeroon: France, United Kingdom
Ivory Cooat: Belgium, Denm~r;~, ~rance, Netherlanda, Unitied Kingdom
Keny: ~rance, United Kingdom
Sudan: B~lg3um, United Kingdom '
Swazilund: Denmark, United Kingdom
The Commission observes that th~ estimates of
sugar productrcn in~reage in
ACF' states must be made with a certain prudence. Indeed, among the pro~~ets
recorded, some gre in the process of being carried out,.that is, are aure.
Others are at the sta.ge of
being studied from the technical aspect, or are
under financS~l negatiations. Still others are as yet ~nly under congidera-
tion on the part of governments and promoters, and there ia still hope that
they may be ad~ourned sine die.
On the other hand, the Commiasion points out that estimates of the progres-
~ion of future local consumption are those of the authorities in charge, who
cocrQnunicated the information on this sub~ect. These estimates are not a
priori unreasonable, but there is a good chance that thAy may not be attained.
They must therefore be considered with caution, all the more so as the private
consumption of sugar, b~ing affected by food habits, tends to la.g behind the
standard of living.
This estimate of the prospects of the evolution o~ sugar consumption takes
into account only the evolution of its consumption as a food; a new element
may be intmduced through the utilization of sugar cane and derived products
for the manufacture oP alcohol to be used as a source of energy. The CommiR-
sion emphasized that this develo~.1?ent would only take on imporY,ance in the
long run.
The Commission also made clear that the ACP su~ar protocol has been set for an
indeterminate period, e~nd that modifications can only be expected to take
cffect t~y 1 April 1981. One c~ust nevertheless anticipate that the ACP states
will try to open up di~cussions on the out2~t For sugar in the Comm~on Marl:et,
in lieht ot' the situation described above. It is clear that, in the present ~
state of the Coma?on and world markets the EEC cannot consider the slightest
increase of the quo�~as specified in the protocol.
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' ~Ott nt~'I~'ICIAL US~: ONLY -
~'r~~ Commi~sg3.on b~l3evcg Lhat th~ u~m~ c:oc~cern mugt ~pply in the mabt~r of
thr, cn~].~ of h~uirm~nt f'~r thr produrtion und th~ proc�~~inp of sugar tih~t
t1~r, mcmh~r ~t.~t~c Puri ~'a~il:itut~ in dther undcrd~vc~oped countries.
mhir~ rC~sonin~ ~~n and mu~t b~ ext~nded to oth~r doma3.ns (su~h gs oil ref3ni.ng
or 1;he p~tro~hemi~al~ industry which gr~ or m3.ghti b~ sub~ect ta tihe s~m~ inco-
h~r~nGe. ~~h~ Cc~mmi~.~ion th~r~for~ wi~h~s th~t ~ d~t~at~ would take pl~ce in
th~ Cour?c31, ~o th~t; r.~rta3,n prinCiples mi~ht b~ d~fin~fl the app].ication of
whiGh ~hduld th~n bc c1~t~r1y ~~13n~ated in ~~rh s~ctor.
Taking the fi~:ld of
sug~r a~ an ex~unple, th~ Commisgion proposes th~t all
actions C~rr3~d out or er?visa~~d by ~C ~ht~rprises with th~ actiive support
~f' m~mber Pt�~ter~ shou~.d be organ~zed acGOrding to a c~reful],y thought ou~
c~omhincc! eS'fort~ mhis combin~d effbrt would be prepared through ~n exch~ng~ �
ot cletnil~d inform~tion all sugar pro~ects which th~ m~mber stat~s (or
el;c, thc .~ommunity, through th~ ~UF (~conomic Dev~lopm~nt Fundj or the B~I
CLurop~an Ynvestment Bank))would ~upport or pl~n to suppc~rt, either direct].y
or indirectly, by the mobilizat:on of loans or through the in~ermediary of
cred3.t-suppliers. On th~ basis of this inform~ion:
--Z'he ~~C and itg members states woulfl endeavor to aclopt more appropriate
~ttitudes; .
--7't~e Commis:;ion would call the state of the market and its characteristics
to th~ attention of
the World Bank, the African Bank of Developmen~ cnd other
investors; ~
--The ACP state~ and other underdeveloped countries would be in:formed about
the c:oncerns of the EEC; they would be supplied with all data which would
give them a better underst~?nding of the context (both world-Wide and
Communit.y-wide) in which their investment policiea in sugar may be fit~ed.
Ac~ordin~ to the Commission, the same type of common front should be organized, ~
ir~ farms ,yet to be defined, in all sectors where an appreciable increa~e in
exports from underdeveloped countries, and notably from ACP states, risks
creating serious disturbances in the world and Common Markets aith regard to
profits or other matters.
C~PYRIGHT: Rcne Moreux et Cie., P~.ris 1978 . ~
~.i4.~ .
C~o: 4400
. ~
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" YN~it-AFRICAN AF~AIRS
, BitIEFS
TRIPART21'~ M~ETING ON COOPERATION--Pr~sid~nts Lamizang of Upp~r Volta ~nd
Kountch~ of Niger came to L~una-Kara (north~rn Togo) on 7 and 8 Decemb~r to
tak~ pare in a tripartie~ summit m~gting whos~ ~saential obj~etive wa~ to
� str~ngthen the coop~ration among th~ three countri~s, egpecially in thp are~
of transport. According ro a joint communiqu~ made public gt th~ ~nd of the
meeting, the thre~ chi~f~ of ~rare expresaed their desir~ to take all mgas-
ures te carry out the projects termed "vital" �or the SCaC~~ of Wegt Afric~
as a whole. The thr~~ counCries should ahortly set up g permanent camnittep
chgrged with pranating gnd coordinating the projecta relative to creation
af traneport infragtructure. These involve in pa~~icular the rail and road
connectione linked with the pro~ect to enlarge the port of Lome. Bxperta
from th~ industrialized counCries cnuld aid the permanent cortm?ittee in pre-
paring an overall study of these pro3ects. Furthermore, the communique
states, the three chi~fe of state expre8sed their setisfaction ~tith their
"perfect identity of view" on all the problema raiaed. [Text) [Peris
MARCHES TROPICAtfX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 15 Dec 78 p 3440] 11267
S'P/1I3EX G~tANTS--The ~'C has 3u3t assigned 15.25 million UCE [European Account
Unita) t,o foar signatories of the Lome Conventiion, under the Export Income
Stabil3~ation System [STABF~C1. These four countries are: Tanzania, which
received 8.1 million for the decrease of its income f'~rom export of sisal in
19'l7; Maurita.nia, 3.6 million for iron ore; S~~?aziland, 3�37 million, also
for imn ore; and We~tern Samoa, $B,pOp UC~ for bananas. Uganda, for cotton,
3uc1:�~, fnr peanuts, and Cupe Verde, f'or bsnan~s~ have also asked to benefit
t'rom ~~LX Tor the t'inancial ,year 1977� Their requests are still under
cor~~idcrution. ~7'cxt) (Pttri~ MliftCF{~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAN~tg in FSrench
~ ncc 'lf3 p 3341 9~+'t
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M'Uk c)t~~'ICtAL U51. C1NLY
E~;C k~GENCY AID.�.I~z order to combat inva~ione of ,ni.grant lnauetg over the
next 6 monthe in D~ibou~~~ Ethiopia, Kenya, Some~lia and Sud~t, ~he E~0 hae
decided to partlotpa~e in th~ finanaing of a United Nation,s Food a~rid Agri-
oultural OrgarLtrr~tion (~'AO) emerg+enay program in the gmount of 1.3 rnillion
~1:~C unite of aacow~t (UC). The tota~ aoet of ~the FAO program, amouni:ing to
1,663,000 UC~e hae al~o be~n aeaumed by Belgium (?3~000 UC~s)~ Derumrk
(69~400 UC'e), the NetherlRnde (1T6~000 UC~e), the United Kingdom (135,000
UC's), Saudi Arabia (382,000 ~0'~) and the lrab Bank for ~conomia Development
in ~.frioa (36~000 IIC~g). Furthermore, ~t the requeet of the United Natione
Ni~ Commieeioner~e Offiae for Aeflig+ees, the F~C ie goin~ to partioipate t
in the implementation of a prograa~ of repr.triation and re~~ttlement of
Zairien refLg~eee. EEC aid ~ill come to 4 million IIO~s. Thie pro~rram on- -
ei~te of the traneportation of 60,000 people from Qng~ola Suda~n U
ar~d 7,ambia? and the reeattlement of 110,000 people in Za3re. Tert~[Parie
MARC~S 2'ROPICAUX MEDI'~ERRAN~~18 in Fronch 15 Dua ~8 p3426y 11466
~1LL~:G~U MUL~I-COUNTRY MEEtC~N~1RI~5--Reports from ~ritigh journ~ligtg indi-
c~eing ehat MornCC~n mercengries hgd ;~oined forceg with Jonag 5avimbi gre
incompl~te. niplomatic snurc~s in Rabgt confrim that not only Moroccn t~
s~nding mercpn~ries to UNITA bu~ th~t mere~n~ries of sev~ral oth~r nati~n- `
alities are represented: Guinean, Mozambir.an, Cape Verdian, Beninese,
Mal~gasy, etc. [Text~ (Parig A~RIQU~-ASIE itt French No 176, ll. Dec 78
p 39j 9387 �
TEtAIVS-A~itICAN ROAU PitOJECT--Nigeria will soon complete the last 60 km of
the Tr~ns-African axis highway which crosses its territory to Cameroon.
This was announced on 18 December by the Nig~rian News Agency. The Nigeria
portion is 833 km long out of the total 6,300 km. It passes from the ex-
treme southwest at Mfum village to the southeast border with Cameroon.
(Textj (Paris MARCH~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Dec 78
p 3507j
C50: 4400
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~UR pl~'~'ICtAI. USL' ONLY
' ANCOLA -
AMBASSADOR R~Ft1TF'S Pi1BLISHE~ ALLi~X;ATI0N5 ON DETENT~
~ Paris MARCNFS TROPICAUX ET i+~DIT~RRAN~ENS in French A Dec 78 p 3360
~Text7 Pursuant to the article "France'e Chancea in An ola," xhich appe+~ed
in our iasue of 24 November ~saue not received by FBIS~~ ~re received the fol~
loxing information tYom Mr Luia J. de Almeida, ambassa~or of the People's'Re-
public of Anqola ~RP~ in Brusaels~ who is soon to be accredited in Pariss
, "In regard to the various items of the above article~ I have the folloxin~;
clarificat~ons to make:
a) The 'no' to CEMA. That type of value 3udge~ent erra in its haste. To be
sure~ ~re have not yet ~oined CEMA, ~ust as xe have not 3oined the Lome Con-
vention. Hoxever~ xe attend all CEMA's meetings as an observer~ ~ust as xe
nox do in re~ard to the EEC/ACP ~~C~African~ Caribbean~ Pacific Conuaon Mar-
ke~ conversations~ xhere xe have acquired the status of observer. But to
asaume f~om that that xe ~oing to ~oin the ACP ~tould be making a hasty
~ud~;ment. One doea not conclude an act of marria~e xithout being well-ac-
~{uainted with th~ fiancee Kith xhom one expects to live in the future.
Mor~over~ our relations with CF1~IA are excellent to the extent that CEMl1's
principles are cospatible xith our intereats and becauBe CEMA ia ma.de up of
cpuntries.xhich ara our n?ost privile~ed friends~ those Which have alxe~ys aided
us~ xhereas thoae xhich compose the EEC~ xith a fex exceptions~ are ~ore in- ,
clined to aupport the enemies of our peap2e. Ho~rever~ that does not pr8vent
us from cooporatinp, xith the EEC also xhile respectinq universally accepted
laxs and the independence and sovereignty of Angola.
For your inforaation and that of your readers, I muat tell you that I do not
. have the honor of beina~ a men~ber of the Politburo of the MPI,A Zabor ParEy ~ as
your correspondent ~rrote. Hokever, I am a long-standinQ militant of the MIPLA~
xhich I have served for a lotu; time.
b) Tt~e Shadox of the Sxiss Bankers. It is also false to say that I'am making
an effort to set up commercial representation in Sxit~erland.' As Sxitzerland
does not beloru~ to my 'area of 3urisdiction~' it is not up to me to make $uch
an effort. The opening of a commercial rep~esentation in Sxitt�erland by the
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FOtt tl~'~ICIAL U5~ dNLY ~
An,~olan Government is in responae to the need to establi~h a center for docu-
mentation and information on the RPA'e economic and commercial realSty in the
middle of E uropa.
Ag for the statement accordin~ to xhich AnQo1a is allededly~ and T quote~ ~
'disapg~i.nted at ti~e small amount of aid it has r.eceived from the socialist
camp~' that is simply a fabrication involvin~ only its author~ The support
qiven the RPA by aocialist countries and friends is consideraUle and tends to
become still ~reater as a matter of mutual intereat. The same holds true for
th~ F'�EC .
c) The Bel~;ian-Anaolan Flirtatiott. There is not and there cannot be any flir-
tation xith anyone. In politica and economy there are no fllrtations~ On the
other hand~ xhat does exiat is the rou~hin~ out of a Bel~ian-Angolan coopera-
tion xhich xill be profitable to both partiee. The RPA has nn p~ceference for
thig or that Western country and is not at all trying to have~ and I quote~
'a Weatern fiancee~' as Claude Jadoul tirrote. ~ ~
'Western fiancee?' For xhat purpose? In busineas~ common senae dictates not
havin~ exclusive asaociations. What our leaders are seeking is the economic
and social development of our country in as ahort a time as possiblei to at-
tain that ob,jective~ they are tryin~ to diversify the RPA's economic and com-
mercial relai~ions xith every country in the world Khile respecting our polit-
ical options and our independence~ xhich i+e xant to be not only political but
also economic.
As for technolo.~r~ rre are aeeking that xhich is ths most advanced and ba$t
corresponds to our development goals~ regardless of the origin of that tech-
nolo~y ~
COPYRICHT: Rene Moreux et Cie.~ Paris~ 1978
~5~ .
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ANGOLA
BRIEFS
UNITA AIRC~A~'T DOWNING D~NIED--The UNITA opposition movement, 1ed by Jonas
Savimbi, has declared, in a communique published in Brus~ele, that it downed
a Boeing 727 carry~ng 50 Cuban soldi~rs. Jose Luis de Almeida, Angolg's
ambassador to Belgium, denied this report,,, specifying ~hat neither the Angolan
army nor the civil aviaCion company TAG /expansion unknown/ has this type of
airplane. "The army," he indicated, "uses mainly French troop transports of
ehe Transall ~pe, and TAG uses Boping 73~ planea." The latter is a member
of the IATA ~InCernational Air Tran~ort Association/, whose rules forbid it
to transpa~rt military personnel. /Text/ %Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDI:ER1tANEENS in French 15 Dec 78
p 3456% 11267
ANCOLAN REF'UGEES MOVEMENT--Andre Miranda, Angolan charge d'affaires in zambia,
has indicated that out of a to~al of 13,000 Mgolan refugees in Zambia, 3,000
have gone back to Angola in recent months. The repatriation operations have
been temporarily halted: because of the rainy season, the roadg are unusable.
~eturn to the remaining 10,000 refugees will be carried out next year. /Text/
LParis MARCKES TFtOPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 15 Bec 78 p 3456~ 11267
ALLUC~D r,DR ~ppp p~gp~CE--A total of 5, 000 ~;ast German soldiers ~ parachut-
ists and elite troops are presently in An~;ola, accordina~ to a statement made
in Munich by Fran~ Josef Strauss, head of the Bav,siaa Christian Social Party
. (CSU ~hri$tian Social Unio~~ opposition) and minister-president of the Land
of Bavaria. In a preas conference given after hia return flrom Lisbon~ xhere
he had participated in NATO's parliaaentary conference, Mr Strauas st,ated
that~ accnrdin~ t~o his infor~eation~ 2,000 of these soldiers had recently ~oined
the ranks of 10~0a0 Cubaris to crush the UNITA movement. ~Tex) ~aria MARCNES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Dec 78 p 352~� ti568 ,
CSOs 4400
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A'dR Ol~'~IC1AI, US~ ONLY
CAPF V~ItbF `
$RIEFS ~
AD~ AGRICULTURAL, WATERWORKS LOAN--Two losna toCaling 960 million CFA francs
havt juse been�granted eo the Republic of Cape Verde by the African Develop- ~
ment F~~nd (ADF) to finance the agricultural d~velopment pro~ect of Asomada
and the water-aupply pro~ect for the tiown of Mindelo. T~ao previ~ous loans
from the African Development Bank and the A�rican Development Fund had al-
regdy been granted tn Cape Verde for financing two development pro~ects
(telecommunications and agriculture). The new loana granted were the aub~ect
of agreem~nts.signed for Cage Verde by CorenCino Santos, governor of the
Banco de Cabo Verdc. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 8 Dec 7$ p 3374] 11267
CSO: 4400
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CABOjr'
BRIEF5
INCREASED BUDGET ADOPT~A--Meeting on 16 December under the chairmanship of
Omar Bongo, head of state~ the ",abonese Council of Ministers examined and
adopted tl~e propoaed budget for 19~9. It calls for receipts and expendituxes
in the amount of 282.42 billion CFA ~frican Financial Conununit~7 franca~ not
� includin~:an "optional prossram" of 11.1 billion~ xhich xill become'a part of
the bud~et only if the corresponding foreign resources can be arranged. Ac-
cordin~ to a communique ~ssued at the conclusion of the council's meeting,:
the 19?9 bud~et has the double ob~ective of continuing the country's effo~ts
toxard financial recovery and maintainin~ a level of activity sufficient fox
its econoe~y.,The 'rud~et a~ives special emphasis to the infrastructure, Mhich
xill account for 53 percent of the expenditures= 32 percent of this amount
is to be allocated to the Transuabonese Railway alone. Agriculture's share
xill increase from 4 to 8 percent. Greater effort is also to be expended on
roads and aeronautics. The 19~9 budget is an increaso over that of 1978~
' r+hich xas ori~Snally 243 billion CFA frgncs but xhich kas reevaluated during
the year by the G abonese G overnment. ~ext j~ris MARCHES 'PROPICAUX ET
MEDITF;RRAKEENS in French 22 Dec 78 p 35~~~8568
FIRST CUBAN TRADE DELEGATION--For the first time, a Cuban,trade delegation
has visited Libreville, at the beginning of December. Led by~Arsenio Viera-
Laguna, director of Cuba-Export, it offered to the Gabonese foreign trade
administration, as well as to various importers, a range of products from
. foodstuffs to agricultural machinery. /Text/ /Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERI2ANEENS in French 15 Dec 78 p 3446/ 11267
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A'OEt' Or~ICiAL [JSC ONLY ;
GHANA
!
BRIEFS
NEW F'ISHING VESSELS--Fishing: first delivery of boats ordered frnm Italy-- ~
W~ said in our 21 June iasue that the StaCe Fishing Corporation o� Ghana
had enCered into two contracts with the Italian shipbuilder Eaercizio CanCieri
for construction and delivery of four trawlers and two tuna boats. The first
of the trawlers, the 1,500-ton "Sheketeh," has been delivered, and Che other
three are to be delivered at the rate .~f one every 4 months. As for the Cuna
boaCs,.they will be built and delivered subsequently. In its December issue, '
the magazine FISHING NEWS INTERNATIONAL gives the characteristics of these '
units, which have the most modern.equipment, but does not specify their costs.
We recall that the contract for the tuna boats came to 20 million dollars.
/Text/ LParis MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 15 Dec 78 p 3441/
11267 ~
AIFFICULTIES IN COCOA SECTOR---Cocoa: important insecticide-dusting operation
impeded by lack of equipment--An important insecticide-dusting operation in ~
the Tepa district of the Ashanti region, for which more than 2,000 persons
~ had been mobilized, has practically failed for lack of sufficient equipment;
. that which was to be delivered did,not arrive. On the other hand, in order ,
to combat better the cocoa smuggling which is rife particularly in the region
. of the Volta River, the Cocoa Marketing Board and its subsidiary, the Prod~�~e ~
~Suying Division, haee launched in that region an information campaign called
. "Meet the Farmers," and has urged the farmers to conduct antismuggling patrols
themselves all along the Togolese border. /Text/ /Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 15~Dec 78 p 3441/ 11267 '
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GUIN~A
pUG CONCRBSS gALANC~-SH~L~'~~ NBW pOLI~~UIt~AU M~MB~R3 LI5T
Yaria AFRIQU~-ASI~ in ~rpnch Nn 1~6, 11 Dec 78 pp 35,36
[~xcerpts~ With the particip~ticn of 1054 ngtional delegate~ raunited from
17 tn 21 Nov~mb~r at th~ palace of the People in Conaktyi th~ 11th congres~
of the memc~craeic Pnrty of Cuinen (PUC) will noe turn ouC to b� g gimpl~
torm,~lity. ~or b monthe theg~ partiCipant~ have been ineen~ively prepar~d
nation-wide, even in the moat rerta te hnmletg. ~ighty-five thou~and copie~
di the voluminous report of the central comniCtee w~re prinCed in ~rench
'(c?s well ~s in Arabic, English, Spanish and Portuguege) and 300,000 in the
six naCianal languages (Maninka, Soso, I'ular, Kisie, Kpeles~ro, Lnghoma); the
report w~g broadcaet for 175 hours on radio and television. It Wgs the
~ub~ect of deep studiee and discugeions in ehe ~500 local revolutionary
powers (PRL, thnt is village communes or city diatricts), in the 3C~J
cnmmittees heading up sectiona, in the 34 federal bureaus, in the military
garrison~ and in the three mass organizatione of youth, wom~n and aoYkere,
as well as among personnel in Cuinean embaseips and communitieg in foreign
countries.
Remarks, criticisms, and euggestions had then b~en entertained in the
~saemblies of the PRL, section conferences and aieetings of regional councils
of the revolution. Finally, a meeting of the National Council of the Revo-
lutian (CNR) at Kankan from 21 to 25 Auguet had drawn up a preliminary
~ummary account of all these discussions.
N'irst of all, the congress made official the phase of the state party, of
wliich tt~is congress constitutes the first me~ting.
It was also, of course, Che time to draw up the eachaLStiv~ reports on pro-
gres,~ made in all fields ~nd in all regions eince independenr~.
tiut when the hour arrives to cnnsolidgte past achievements, to perfect
matcrial and human resources already nccumulated, one ig at that momenC
p.~rticularly obliged to take a critical look at the realities.
Hetween decisions and their application, betaeen theory and practice, there
i,~invariably a rathcr large nu~rgin. And it ia on these weak apots and
21
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t~Olt O~I~IGIAL U5~ ONLY
~~ilurt~, an dr~~i~i~nci~~ ~nd errnr~, thde the ~~ceent h~~ b~~n plnepd.
'Chu~, fnr ex~mpl~e, th~ere ~r~ eha~~ who h~ve eit~d the diffi~ultieg ~am~-
tim~~ ~nrnunC~r~d by th~ matortL~d produ~eion bri~~d~~ (Bh~')~ in~tall~d in
tl~e PttL be~auge nf th~ ~.~ek of det~ehed ronmg ~r of rep~ir ~hopg. Or further-
mdre, di~~gre~ment~ emerging bctwe~n prn~nnt~ ~nd c~rt~in pr~f~~~ion~ig
Ereah dut c~E agriCUlture ~chnol but ineufitet~nely ~xp~ri~ne~d. In ~imil~r
~a~hinn, p~npie hnv~ d~ked Ehd~ the ~ri~ lgw be brnught up-to-dg~~~ th~
1~~iglnCion Cdncerng megng eo b~ u~~d in ~he fight ~g~in~r drought, uhich.
h~~ beeome n nntinnal pr~n~e~paeion; ~l~o, eh~ i~w of rh~ charter of
Cebrunry 1g75 nn pnpulur cnmmern~, which uphnldg the me~nopoly on thp ~~1~ ~
~f imp~rted prndu~tg and ~n ~t~p1~ goddg deliv~r~d by produc~r~~ Thi~
problem, mnrpov~r, hag r~eciv~d un~nimnu~ ~rt~ntion.
If ~ongre~~ h~~ d~~id~d to g~feguard ehege attainmentg of rhe people, it
h~~ ~lgn d~~lar~d it~pif in favnr nf mninraining it~ co~existenee with th~
priv~te cortnnprci~i ~~etor. "Con~umer~ ~re n~t magochieCg," empha~iz~d on~
nE the ~pe~kerg, whil~ the otherg ~11 in~igted on the imperative n~c~~sity
~f puteing gdequnre infr~gtructur~~ ~nd poli~i~g in plac~s (war~houge~,
meang nf erangporCing merehnndi~~, more accurat~ ~nd complete forecgatg,
~uE~icienr gtockg, gre~tly increge~d numberg of ~hops, ~election of those
r~span~ible fdr impl~ment~tion) in order to agaure the proper functioning
o~ th~ people'g convnprce.
tlut the centrnl preoccupation of the congre~s ha~ without a doubt been the
CIIO~CC nf regpansible pergonn~l nt gll levels and in all sphereg. It ie
gignificant that thos~ pare~ of the opening speech that received the most
applnuge w~r~ rho~~ in which the Supreme Commander of the Cuinean Revolu-
cion aarned once more ~gningt infiltration of responsible poeitions by
prnfi~ mongerhrg, tired elements, flattererg and complacent pereons "aho
want to ple~ge everyone at the eame tia?~."
At an earlier time, the matter before the congresa was one of reneWal of
the national leadership of the party.
Vnting took place in the presence of the only people to vote, under the
direction of Madeira Keita, founding member of the PDG and firgt secretary
gcncrnl of the party, and of o~her senior officials vho participated as
acll in the creation of the PDC, Richard Bagnan and Doudou Pall. And it
i~ under these democratic conditions that the following were reelected to
chc nntionnl political bureau (BNP): Lansana Beavogui, first minister;
htamadi Keita~ minister of education and cultural affairs; Mousea Diaki[e,
mini~tcr of the interior, security and ~ustice; Ismael Toure~ minister of
finance nnd economics; N'Famara Keita, minister of rural advancea~ent.
Next July
t1n the other hend, the following officials have en[ered the BNP: Damantang
C:~maru, permanent secretary of the BP and president of the legislative
:~rcKC~mbly; Saifoulaye biallo, minister of social administration; Jeanne
Marcin Cisse, minister of social affairs; Toumany Sangare, minister of
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FOR O1~FtCiAL U9~ OM.Y
trnn,~portatidh; Abd~ul~y~ Toure, mini~ep~ for ~dminf~tration af ~xehxing~~;
5ekon Cherif, minist~r of rural dev~idrtn~nt nf the t~b~ r~gion; L~n~anp
Ui~n~, minister of ~ustic~; Abdouley~ biawo ga1dQ, miniet~r of rur~l d~-
v~ldpment of the N'Zer~kor~ re$ion.
Nue thi~ i~ only th~ b~ginnin~ df ~ p~oa~~~ af r~iflforc~rn~nt ~nd r~n~Wai
which ghould re~ch ~hroughout th~ whole ~t~t~ pnrey, ~t~rring from eh~
ground up. it ie in this mann~r th~e ~1~ctinn~ for n~w i~ader~ at th~
PRL iev~l and ~t th~ i~vpl of di~trict ~nd r~gional r~vn~ueion~ry pbw~rg
wili t~k~ pl~c~ next July. It i~ th~n th~t ehp Nation~l Cauncil of th~
Rpv~lutinn~ where th~ f~d~rnl guthority regidpg, wi11 ~l~et Ch~ n~w eener~l
~nmmitt~~ of the gtate party of Cuinea.
COPYRIGHT: 1978 Afriqu~-A~i~
9~$7
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MAZAMHIQUL
' PitACMATIC' SPIRIT MAY BE BUFFUSING ACR2CIILTURAi. FISLD
P~ri~ JEt)idE APRIQUE in Prench No 936, 13 Dec 78 p 85
CArticle by i~rancoia Soudan: "Agriculture: the cureed ministry. Retreat
~ folloaing the failures of socialization of the countryside. Pragmatism ie `
th~ order of the day"~
CTpxt] "7'he Minietry of Agriculture is Che ministry of famine." One hardly
trouble~ oneeelf vi~h nuances in Maputo when it comee ~o paesing ~ udgment
on the feilurea and the falteringa of socialism~ Mozambique'e.double revo-
lution--both national ans eociai--has in fact encountered its first serioue
crieis aince independence. it ie a crisis aith a epecific cause: agricul-
ture. Thus the m~bs vho gether daily in the streets of Meputo in front of
- vall posters from the JORNAL DO POVO comment with a mixture of humor aad
bitterness on the disilluaionments of the rural revolution.
in fact, Mozambique hea not recovered from the mase exodus in 1975 of the .
4000 Portuguese lando~+ner8 vho o~cupied the beat piecea of laad in the
counrry. Takiag with then? eacks of seed and light agricultural equipment,
eabotaging vhat they could not remove, the coloniats left the Mozambican
countryaide in compiete diearray. The qnly areaa apared vere the eorthern
provinces of Tete, Cabo Deigado aad Niassa, solidly held by FRgLiMO during
the fight for liberation. ~
I~ailure of Collectivism '
Thege will be the only provinces, moreover, ahich vill accept withaut reseY-
vation the policy of collectivization. Shortly after indepeadence, the
authoritiee in trtaiputo, in consultation vith Soviet experte, lauached a
policy of "heavy" rural socializatioa, somevhat an the modRl of Stalinist
collNCtivization from 1930 to 1935: creatioa of large state farms aad ,
cooperatives, rash purchases of agricultural machinery oftea ill-suited,
from the countries of Eastern Europe, systematic recourae to Western
technology.
Turning to the Chineae Hodel
The result vaa catastrophic: pa8aive reaistance of the population, par-
ticularly evident in the aouth; disturbing fall in t~ production of
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~OR (1F'h'iC~At~ U!+1~'. QNLY
~gric~ulturgl edmmodlei~g end produred for ~xpore. On 17 AugueC 197g
Jn~~him d~ C~rv~lhd, mini~~~r of ~gri~uleur~ accu~~d o~ h~ving "~y~e~m~-
ti~elly giv~n prioriey to e~chni~~i n~ee~era tn th~ d~erim~ne of populr~r
initiativc," hnd tn rc~i~n (J~UNE A~RIQU~ Nn Q24). He wa~ gi~b~~qu~ntly
urrc~t~d n1un~ Wtth [our othpr memb~rr~ di th~ C~ntc~l r,~mmite~e of
~~t~LiMU und ~a~vc~rai. of hig Portugue~~ ~dvieors.
5ine~ ehae ei~, und@r eh~ influenc~ o~ ~~n~r~ ~tachel, who hitn~~lf headed
ehi~ "curg~d minigrry" for mor~ th~n tiwc~ month~, Mapueo ~~~nu~ to hgv~
drawn a f~w l~aeon~ from ~hig fir~t @xp~rienc~. A rur~1 poiicy a1on~
"Chin~~~" lin~g i~ b~ginning to b~ put into r~peration, wieh th~ er~~eion
of light grructure~ of production ~nd ~~p~e3~11y with eh~ dev~lopment ~f
vill8g~~ of th~ "u~am~a" variety, fa~hioned on eh~ Tgn~~nian mod~1. At
the ~am~ tim~, a portion of the rurgl g~ctor hr~~ be~n d~nationelizr,d and
materiel inc~ntive~ introduced (plot~ of l~nd, liv~~tock, etc.). Moreov~r,
th~ very newly appoine~d mini~t~r of agricultur~, Mario de Graca rtachungo,
dbeg not hide hi~ d~eire for "ration~iizgeion." Nia term vith the Minigtry
oE indugery h~d b~~n rn~rked by a digrinct op~nne~~ t~ward~ W~~tern inv~~ear~
with whnm he h~d ~~t~bli~h~d elo~~ tie~ while directing th~ Moxambiegn credir
drganizgtion~.
Agriculture and Sociali~m
'Chc ~volutian eE rural policy in Mozembique ig quite r~pre~~nt~tive of
relgtiong betwe~n socialigm and agriculture in Africa. Mgola, anoth~r
farm~r colony of Portugal, also aeems to be moving in the same direction.
To be sure, Maputo's foreign policy remains pro-Soviet, ag does that of
Luanda. guC its current rur~l experience ig a patch~rork of Chinege,
Cuinean (Biesau) and T~nzanian modela. it ig probably ahat one ~+ould call
pragmatigm.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique CRUPJIA 1978
9387
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� ~Ok f~I~t~tCIAL U~t's ONLY
MOZAMBIQtt~
BRIE~3
PLANNED M1N~ARIAN MRLITARY COOP~RATtON--Hun~arian Minister of Defsnee La~os
. C~ine~e stated over Hunttarian national tolevieion that hia country xill aid
Matiambique in the miiitary aeator. The aid Ni11 be in the form of aasistance
in the trsininQ of the Mo~ambican Army's medicas personnei and in the train-
in~ of Mo~bican military cadree in Nungarian ~nilitary schoolg~ thie !e in
accordance Nith a requeet asde by Mo~a~abique er~d Nun~ariat~ Qapabilities. The
intexv~e?r of the Nungarisr? minieter was heid subsequent to � report on the
visit of a Huruqarian dele~ation to Mo~oique in aid-November. La~oa C~ineRe
had eerved as the head of that delegation. ex~t~ ~arie MARC}~S TROPICAUX
~T MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Dec ~A Q~~20~ 85lx ~
COTTON CROP 5ATI3FAC~'ORY--Th~ M~zambican province of Nampula harveated more
than 20,000 tons of cotton during the 1977-1978 season. Thie poeitive reault
We~ achieved deepite difficul~ies of varioue kinds: lack of insecticidee~
agricultural equipment and tractor parts, and abeence of agricultural tech-
nician~. ~~xt/ LParis MARCt~ES ~ROPICAUX ~ M~DITERRANEENS in French
15 Dec 78 p 3456/ 11267 �
NEW FISHING VESSELS--The atate company EMOPLSCA,~expanaion unkno~m/ has
purchased six nev fiahing boats--presently undergoing repair and modification
in the Maputo shipyarde--vhich Will go into service at 8eira at the beginning
of next year~ after being fitted aith m~dern navigation equipmeet. These
nea vegsels, ahich heve character;~t:ca different from thoae normelly used
in Mozambican.aatera, will be used for shrim~ fishing. lText7 LParis t~t~xES _
TROPtCAUX ET t~DITERRANEEN3 in Prench 15 Dec 78 p 3456T 112~7
PLANNINC FOR SALT FACTORIES--Mozambique intenda to create several plants for
preparation of salt. Proposals are under atudy for such an installation at
Nacnla. Mother pro~ect is far more advanced: the one relating to the
Mambone plaat. in Inhambane province, constructioa of vhich is to begin immin-
entiy and vhich aill start operations ia 1980. Zte minimum capacity, 7~500
tong per year, vill be raised later to 20,000 tons per year. In Mozambique
there is a salt-preparation plaat, at Matola, which is presently paralyzed
because of technical difficulties. The 17 saltworka of Matola province are
capable of producing up to 20,000-23,000 tons of crude salt er ear; they
ar~ present~y aorking at the rate of 10,004-12,OOa tons. ~xt lpar~s
l~A~tCH~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 15 Dec 18 p 3456 112b7
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N~GER
BRY~FS
SAUUi AiD--Saudi Arabia ha~ ~greed to finance ~everal pro~ecte in N3ger
toeaiitng SS miilion CFA francs. The pro~ects ~nclude a sugar refinery
gnd a thermai eiectric plant. The aid aae obtained during PreBident S~yni
Koun~chp'g recent vieit to Saudi Arabia. [London ReuC~ar in French 2046
GMT 8 J~n ~9 PA~
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' NIGERIA
BRIEFS
SOVIET MILITARY AIIt TRAIN~NG--A Soviet miliCary aviation official, Pave1 S.
Kutakhov, vi~ired Nigeria in November gnd aas received by the chief of
gtaff of the Nig~rian m3litgry aviation, Vice Admiral John Yisa Doko, aho
himg~lf had vigited the USStt in 1977. During his 4-day visit, Kurakhov
promi~~d that hi~ counery wou],d help d~velop the military aviation of
Nigeria, aho~e main combat plane is the MiG-21. (Text~ (PariB MARCHES
TttOPUCAUX ET 1~DITERRANEENS 3n French 22 Dec 78 p 3507)
OIL LOADINC TERMINAL CONTItACT--ETPM (Entrepoae-GTM pour lea travaux
perroliera maritimes) (Depot-GTM for maritime petroleum operations) which
had concluded a firet contract aith Mobil Producing (Nigeria) for $10
millfon in October 1977 for development of the Ekpe oilfield, has 3ust
concluded aith the same company a new contract for $7.5 million to conetruct
an offehore loading rerminal for 280~000 ton tankers. The terminal is
scheduled to go into operation in June. (Text~ (Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
ET MLDITERRANEENS in French 15 Dec 78 p'3~?41]
~UROPEAN BANK LOAN--The European Investment Bank on 15 December granted a '
lo~n of 25 million uc (1 uc ~ 0.84 naira ~$1.32 American) to the Nigerian
industrial Development Bank, Ltd. (NIDB) to help finance varioue medium-
in~portance industrial projects. Thie loan, the most important granted by
the bank in the frames~ork of the Lome ConvenCion. ie also the bank's first
vhnture in Nigeria.. The loan is for 11 years at 5.75 percent after assump-
tion of 3 percent of the intereat by the European Development Fund.
[ExcerptJ Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Dec 78
p 3507]
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M'ON fl~FiCfA1, USt~ UNt,Y '
50UTH A~RICA
BItIEI~S
URANIUM FOR BELGIUM--Under the t~rmy of an agreement ~igned last Sprin~ buC
whi~h have only now been r~vealed, South Afric~ will supply Belgium 1,600
tong of uranium for a total price of about 720 million francg. Thie con-
erace, bgtaeen the B~lgian SYNATOM (Syndicate for purchase of natur~l
urnsium, which includeg thp Belgi~n pl~ctricity producing companies) and
th~ South African Harmony Cold Mining Cn. Ltd, provi.des that South Africa
wi11 del3ver annually 84 tons in the years 1980-1983 and 168 tone annually
in the period ].985-1991. Thie w311 cover 18.5 percent of Belgium'g needs.
[Excerpt] (Paria MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANELNS in French 8 Dec 78
p 3392J ~
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i~t)k t1~~'1~ I(~IAI~ 11;;14 nNi,Y
T'OGO
BRIEFS
AbB HOSPITAL CONST'RUCTION LOAN--Two ~gr~~menCS for loana totaling t~857.44
million CFA francs, grant~d to To~o, w~r~ aigned in Abidjan on 30 November,
~t thc h~adquarC~ra of the ADB ~Afric~n D~v~lopmenC Bank]. Th~se loans,
intended for financing the conetruction gnd equipment of the Faculty of
Mc~dicin~ of the Univereity Hospitai Cen~er of Lome, have been granted by
the ADB ~nd by the Nigeria TrusC Fund (NTF), which the bank ie charged to
~ adminisr~r. This is the fira~t time that the NTF has acted in Togo, whereas
ie i~ th~ ADB's eighth operation in Togo. [Text] [perie MARCE~S TROPICAUX
ET M~DITERRANEENS in French 8 Dec 78 p 3378] 11267
EYADEMA ON COP4tON DEF~NSE--In a talk which, according Co the AFP, ia to
appear in Paris next January, in the first issue of the REWE TRIMESTRIELLE
AFRICAINE DE STRATEGIE, the T~golese chief of etate d~claras himself in
favor of creating a joint military force within the framework of a regional
defense pact grouping the atates of West Africa. As is known, this pact,
proposed by Nigeria and Togo within the framework of the CEDEAO (West Afri-
can States Economic Community, which groups 16 countries), is to be on the
agenda of this organization's next summit meeting, in Dakar in May 1979,
and would complement the nonaggression treaty signed by the member countries
in Lagos last April. General Eyadema declares himself in favor of a dis-
tribution of the military tasks at the subregiona~l level, and a joint de-
fense arrangement in which each would specialize "in function of lhis atra-
tegic specialty." "It seema to me that such an arrangement," he streeges,
"would be of a nature to deter the adversaries who, for the present, are
plunging our continent into fratricidal ~aare." But he considers "unrealis-
tic" for the moment the proposal to create an African military high command
within Che fraaaework of the QAU, which would group nearly 50 etatea. Ke .
would prefer a subregional framework. He declares further that an inter-
African force auch as the one conceived within the frames~ork of the CEDEAO
could take action in other regions, southern Africa in particular. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 15 Dec 78 p 3440]
11267
CEMENT COI~ANY INVESTMENTS--Two billion CFA francs for expandiag CII~lTOCA
(Togo Cement Comp~ny)--CIMTOGO, with which the French group Lambert is
associated, is going to invest 2 billion CFA francs to enlarge its Lome plant,
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~
h'dk n~F'tC1A1, US~ ONLY
Thig inv~~emnnt ali~uld ~nab1~ thc e~mpgny to ddub~~ it~ c~.ink~r-erushing
- capu~ity, which.ghould ri~c f~nm 320,000 eu 700,000 C~n~ p~r ye~r. Thig
w~~ indic~t~d by C1aud~ L~mb~re, pr~~id~ne o� eh~ Lamb~re aroup~ who waA
rtC~fv~d on 6 D~~~mb~~r by eh~ Togdl~g~ ehi~f df ~e~te, Gene~~l ~x~d~me.
CIMTOGO'g productian i~ intend~d for ~upplying Upp~~ Vdl~~, Niger, Nig~ria
and aleo Togo. Th~ ~rench group i~ giso ro inv~~t in con~truction of ~
plane for mekin~ cement ~gck~. [T~xe] [P~ris MARCltEB TROPICAUX ET t~DZ-
T~RREtAANEENS in Fr~nch 15 D~c 7 8 p 3340] 1~267 .
C50: ~+400
~
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~n~ r�~'ICIAL U5~ ~NLY
,
,
' 2A1~ffiiA
POLITICAL, BCONOMIC S2TUATION it~VIEWED ON EVE OF ELECTIONS
Pdrie MARCHES TROPZCAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 8 Dec 78 pp 3386-3387
[`~extj The Cim~ is approaching when President Kenne~h Kaunda of Zambia wii~
have to f~c~ elections and Win at least half of the vntee in order to remain
in offic~ legally. Theee elections are coming at a time ~hen the country ie
experiancing the moet aerious ecanomic crigie eince it achieved independence
and when the regime's political credibility has fallen to ite lovest levei.
~er Pre~ident Kaunda, the elections could not come at a vorae time. Nearly
all political and economic indicators arg unfavorable to him. The raida of
the Rhodeaian army on the guerYilla campe of Joauah Nkomo more than 320 kilo-
metere ineide Zambian territory have tragically unveiled the powerlessneas
of the Zambian Armed Forces and heighten~d the growing feeling of inaecurity,
ahile the ecarcity of for~ign exchange reveals even further the chronic weak-
nes9 of the ecanomy, to the poin~ that Prestdent Kauada aas forced to restore
the rail link with Rhodesia~ thereby turning hia back on one of hia dearest
politica! principlea. ,
The reopening of the border With Rhodesia can be fully ~ustified by economic
consideratione. It has made it poeeible to import fertiliaer indispensable
for cropa next year and ehou~d loosen reetrainte on the copper exporta which
represent 90 percent of the couatry's export receipts.
But at the eame time, thie revereal is profoundiy humiliatiug on the politi-
cal level. It goes in the direction of an abrupt change in arientation of
zambian policy, recommended by Preaident Kaunda's main rival, Simon KapWepve~
former vice preaident and former minieter of foreign affairs, who was pre- ;
veeted from competing in the preaidential election against Keuneth Kaunda ~
by a dubious modification of the constitution by the party in power, the {
United National Iadependence Partq (UNIP)~ a maneuver which, both in Zambia '
and abroad, iras vieved as a eynical attempt to diequaltfy him.
Whether or not President Kaunda obtains a majoritq in the coming elections,
fei+ observers think tha~ ha irill be villing to take a back seat. On the
contrary, everything indicates that he ie resorting to an increasingly arbi- ;
tr~ry form of government. thereby follaring the example o� the majority of
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~~~pft l)1~'l~~tr,r.nt, USL ONLY �
the Afr~.can chiefs of aCate wh~n th~y spe eheir popul~rity ~r~d the penple's
trusC in ehem diminieh.
At rhe sem~ time as the prpsidential plection on 12 December, thp NaCional
Agsembly eleeCions gr~ to take place. The primary elecCions preceding elec-
ti~n~ for the parliamentaxy body have alr~ady been held.
According eo the Zambi.an Constitut3on, eh~ firg~ Chree winners of the pri-
mary ~lectidng compeCe in Che Ase~mbly elecCiona. *?2vertheless, the C~ntral
CommitC~e of the UNIP can even rule ouC Che Winners of the primary elecCions
if it deemg them Co be "undeair~ble." Thie ye ar, Che UNIP eliminated 30 can-
didat~~ who had won in the primaries, including former minister of finance
ArChur Wina, member of eh~ last National Assembly and on~ of the most virulenC
nrit~cs of the government, Elias Chipime, general direcCor of Che SCandard
Bank (2~mbia) and one of the moet repr~aentative members of businesa circles,
~nd Valentine Kayopa, who won a reputaCion in the former Asaembly as a critic
nf the gov~rnm~nC.
Thege eliminationa def initely seem to indicate that the 2ambibn establishment
wants to have a mere "rubber stamp" Asaembly emerge from tre elections.
~'rom Prodigality to Austerity
On~ of zambia's main problems is that during the years following independence,
the country became accustomed to the iden thaC it was rich. The high prices
of copper on world markeCa then ensured the government of the receipts it
needed to cover iCa domeatic expenditures and f inance even the most sumptuous
tmports.
The fgll in the price of copper and the increase in prices of oil and other
imported products resulted in a sharp deficit in the balance of payments of
r~ country which had never felt the need to be thrifty or steadfastly seek.:
out other possible aources of foreign exchange receipts.
This point is perfectly demonatrated by the operation of the governmental
machine, which is generally fa2rly inefficient and is even moreso in the
area of the planning of well-Chou$ht-out pro~ecta that might attract foreign
nid. Officials oE the principal international aid agencies and ambassadors
from countries which grant bilateral aid almost all privately recognize that
if a project financed by aid ahould come to pass in Zambia, the Zambian
authoritiea genera7tv exDect the rianor to furnish noC only the financing
and the experta, but that it ~~tudy and plan the pro~ect, which ~sll granters
of aid, whether national or int~Ynational, are increasingly hesitant to do.
Aside from the inefficiency of the governmental machine, essentially due to
an impracticable system in which the Central Committee of the UNIP is supposed
to define policy and the Cabinet put it into practice (when in practice, both
are generally involved in a futile and morally devastating war), 'Lambia's
difEiculties stem from its land-locked nature and its excessive dependency on
copper.
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Ch~n~'s building of the Tazara railroad was tio reapond to a double ob~ect3ve:
lmproving Zambia's connecCions with the sea and reduce its dependence on Che
southern road network. Ir was a politically motivated pro~ect which it was
hoped would be beneficial in both Arens.
The Lusaka and Dar es-Salaam governmente thought that the railroad would give
~ambia means of political pressure ro bring Rhodesia to repentance, while
strengthening politica]. and economic ties between the two countries and open,
wide the door Co the economic development of the norChern region of Zambia
~nd the southern region of Tanzania. �
Bur things turned out differently. Practically none of these ob~ecCives was
~tCained. What is worse, by a twist of fate, Ctie railroad (a~nd the siCua-
tion of the Dar es-Salaam'port) helped worsen relations between Lusaka and -
bar es-Salaam, with suthorities from the two countries blaming one another
i:or the poor performance.
At the time when President Kaunda made the decision to reopen Che railroad
with Rhodesia, Zambia's situation was desperate. The most crucial point was
foreign tr'ade. No recent or certain figure is available, but according to ,
reasonable estimaCes, the country's foreign exchange reserves show a deficit
of about 150 to 170 million kwachas (1 kwacha = about 5.20 French francs).
The situation would be even worse if the foreign suppliers of recent imports~
had been paid. .
AcCually, there is now a blockage,of commercial settlements going to foreign
countries on the order of 500 million kwachas. In other words, foreign sup-
rliers will have to wait 16 to 17 months before being paid. ~
But even if copper prices should experience a sudden increase (which a few
experts believe possible in short-range terms), Zambia's foreign exchange
problems would not be resolved. Zambia's long-term indebtedness is esti-
mated to total some 1.2 billion kwachas, which represents the highest per
capita debt on the African continent, including Zaire and Egypt.
Worst Problem: Skilled Labor
In order to face the crisis, the RCM (Roan Consolidated Mines) and NCCM
(Nchanga Consolidated Copper Mines) mining firms, both controlled by the
~;overnment, have made impressive progress in reducing production costs and
have learned~ more rapidly than the government itself,~to live in the new ~
environment of susterity. The RCM announced modest prof its for the first
two quarters and both the firms, the RCM and the NCCM, are resolutely seizing
the opportunity offered to them by the sudden and fantastic increase in the
world price of cobalt, which is mined at the same time as copper.
The price rose as high as 33,000 kwachas per ton, making exports by air pro-
fiCable. Plans are now well~ underway for a considerable increase in the
production of that ore next year.
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~~k hl~'~tG 1 ~1L ~l~h' ONLt'
However, ;E dne agkg tl~~ dffi~igl~ o~ the mining firm~ in Lugakn or th~
Copp~rbp:r.~ they rpply thnt the md~t rruriul problem they mu~t ~~lv~ i~ nc~e
thE curr~ntly lnw hricr o[ r.opper or trc~n~pnrtfthel~tter t~Eem~ poggibl~ to
gdlve, nnt only by the ~n~htn~ uh of the burdc~r with tthod~gie, but dl~o by
the renpening nf ~he n~n~u~ln rgilrer~d whic~h runH thraugh Angol~)~ Th~ir
m~in cbncern is thp ~tecidy dr~in af whit~ ~ki11~d 1~bnr in indugCry,
nue tn the rignrnu~ policy of "zdmbianizaeinn~" the prnpdrtinn nf whitc
~xpntrt~C~g, whirh wEig 16 perc~nt of thc rdtal lnbor f~rr~ nt the tfine of
indepez,d~n~p in 1g64, hns naw fnll~n tn 7 perrent~ 'Th~y gtill number ~ame
4,Udb, 'Che proportlon of znmbinn~ repl~cing the white ~exp~triae~~ h~e drnpp~d
every ye~r, r~flecting the need fnr inCrea~ingly lengthy tr~ining go that
wnrkerg may occ:upy pogt~ involving highpr dnd higher 1evelg nf t~~hnoingy.
At the eame ttme, thig benrg wiCn~sg to thp develnpm~nt of induetry, which
hn~ crented n~w rEehnicnl ~obg thnt initinlly cn~ld be fill~d only by ~x-
hntriute technicinn~~
1n the course of r~c~nt monthg~ mining manggement hng not been able to r~cruit
enou~h pcr~vnnel Co compensate for the dep~rCures of expatriaC~s, which ig
due td n number of reesdns, pgrticularly the podr financial gituetidn nf ~he
mines. T}~ig afferts wages and the working conditiona that rhey can nffer.
But other fnctors preaent a neg~tive image of Zambia, including th~ ~carcity
of coneumer goods in stores~ caused by the lack nf foreign exchange and the
lack of security, as well as the gpreading anarchy in the country. This
anarchy takee the form of armed robberies~ whose number ie constantly growing.
In additioc~. the recent nntiwhite demonatrntiong caused by the Ithodesian
raida within 2ambian territory can only heighten these problems.
Actually, a large part of Zambia's economy doea not depend on the white
skilled labor; this is true only in the mining sector. A feeling of malaise
is therefore developing in the community of white farmers. The latter are
not very numerous, but they produce a substantial portion of the country's
food crops. Their massive departure would pose serious political and eco-
nomic pr~blems. ~
For All of chese reasons (nnt the least of which is President Kaunda's desire
tn sec a stable white community remain, in keeping with his ideal of creating
n multiracial society), no counCry wants a settlement of the Rhodesian ques-
tton a~d the pncification it would bring to the region more than Zambia.
COPYRICHT; Rene Moreux et Cie.~ Paris, 1978
11.464
CSO: 4400 END
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