JPRS ID: 8301 TRANSLATIONS ON USSR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES: EFFECTS OF MONIONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

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~ CFOUO 8179~
i MARCH i979- EFFECTS OF NONIONIZ.ING ELECTROMAIiNETIC RA~IATION i OF 2
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~ 1. March 1979
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TRA~(SLATIONS 0~( USSR SCIENCE A~(D TECHNOLOGY
$IOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
CFOUO 8/79)
EFFECTS OF NONIONIZING
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
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BIEILIOGitAPNIC DATA 1. Repnn Na, 9. 3~ Reripient's Acrea~iun Nu.
SHEET .ip~s L~e3oi
~ , u e~n u t~t e~ S. eport Dace
'i'ttti~5t,A'1 i0N5 ON U~Slt 5CILNC~ AND TLCHNOLOCY 1 March 19'19 -
D1UM~;UICAL ANU UL'HAVIO~AL 5CICNCC5 ,(FOUp 8/79) 6~ ~ _
Effects of Nonionizing Electromagne~ic ~tadiAtion
7. Author(~) B. pettueroing Otgrnieatiun He~~t.
No.
9. Performioa Ors~aia~tion N~me ~ed Addce~~ 10. F'ioject/7'aak/Work Unu ~~o.
Joint Publications Research Service
1000 North Glebe RQad 11. Conrncc/Gt~nt No.
Arlington~ Virginia 22201
11. Spoa~otind Or`~niz~tioo N~me �nd Addres� IZ. Type of Repoct 8c F'criod
Covered
- Aa above ~
t
15. Supplemeocuy Note� -
16. Ab~tt�ct�
The report contains infnrmation ~n aerospace medicine~ agrotechnology, bionics
and bioacoustics, biochemistry, biophysics, environmental and ecological
problems, food technology~ microbiology, epidemiology and immunology, -
marine biology, military medicine, physiology, public health, toxico~ogy,
radiobiology, vc:terinary medicine, behavioral science, human P*:~'_~~r.::-ing,
psychology, psychiatry and related fields, and scientists and scientific
organizations in biomedical fields. _
17. Key i~ord~ ~nd Documenc Aoalysis. 17a De~eriptoci
USSR Medicine -
Aerospace Medici.np Microbiology
Agrotechnology Phyaiology ~ '
Biology Psychology/F~ychiatry _
tfotany Public Nealth ~
Epidemiology/Immunology Radinbiology
Human Engineering Toxicology
Marine Biology Veterinary Medicine
17b. Identi(ien/Open-~eded Terms
.
lle. CUSAT( Field/Gruup Z~ S~~ SJ ~ 6~ $A
IB.A~~il~bility 5tatemeat 19..Security Class (This 21. o. o! P~~;es
Repocc) 121 ~
" For Offici.~l Usc Only. Limited
Number of Ccpies Available From JPRS � P~ Tre1 tihe medium hag time to alter lighe ~bgorpeion after
M~ changeg, gnd 3f Tpw'rrel we observe distnrtion vf the l~~ding edge of the
light pulse.
The above--deecribed phenomena c~n nlso exi~t in livittg gystems expoged to
PM~', sittce all of the gbove properties of aqueoue sysCems gre presenC in
biological sy~tema, i.e., induced and endngenoua electric currenCa, diverse
space charges, paramagnetic ione a:yd particlea.
A special property of square-wave M~ pulses ia the poseibiliCy of obtaining
in biological tiaeues, under isothermal canditions, high pulse pressureg
wirh relatively low expenditure of average power, which is analogous to
impact [shock) factors that impair biologicgl atructures.
At the same time, exposure of biological ob3ects to spaCially sliding M~
makes it possible to radically intenaify the effect of heterogeneity of
forces appearing in space.
As an example of the direct effect of MF on biological objects. we shall
submit the results obtained with expoaure of a akeletomuscular system to a
field (1, 2j.
We tested the effect of a aliding wave field with intensity of 0.5 to 25 Oe
on the human akeletomuscular aystem on the basis of changes in the main
informative parameters of electrical activity of musclea: mean frequency and
degree of coherence [synphasing] of electrical processes in two leads.
We recorded 2 electromyograms for 1 min before exposure, immediately after
expoaure and 5 min after expoaure during isomerric contraction of the
brachial bicepa with a constant load. Malyais of electrical activity of
the muacle was made on a apecialized MIAN-1 device.
The mean frequency of the electric myosignal was estimated as the mean number
of intersections (number of zeroes per unit time) of the electromyosignal
isoline. To asaess synphaeing of two myosignals, we determined the coeffi-
cient of the intercorrelation function with a zero shift between these
signals ('r ~ 0) .
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~dx n~~ictnt, us~ nxt,Y
~
. ~
~
Figure 3. Oacillogram of intenaity of modulated light from quantum
generator (LG-75). A si:lgle MF pulse of 1800 Oe (a) and
sliding MF ~-_~aea of 20 Oe, 10 Hz (b)
As shown by analyaie~ the change in frequency of electrical oscillationa and
degree of 8ynphaeing in two leada characterize the change to an alleviated
asyncrhonoua mode of stimulation of motor unitg, which ia reflected by
an increase in frequency and decrease in synphasing. Figure 4 illustrates
. the relative changea in these parameters averaged for a period of 20 s.
The indices for the firat 20-e interval prior to expoaure w~re taken as
100z. We observed virtual amoothing of t~e effects in the next S min.
No changes in electromyosignals were observed With exposure to stationary MF
of the same intensity.
In conclueion~ we should like to mention some areas of practical application
of PMF' with a high transconductance (ateepnesaJ of edges [fronts].
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d I �1. e ~ i i
~ " ~ ~igur~ 4.
~D i~~ i Uiagrgm of di~Cribution df ine~n frQ��
~ i ' quen~y of electromyngignglg gnd
t i0 ~ io t i t,min d~grpe nf ~ynchronixgCinn (b) ~f
~ ~ ~ eiectri~gi gctiviey df mug~l~~
� b ~
d~ i i ~ be~or~ exposure .
f0 i i ~ II) a�eer expo~ure
= p III) 5 min ~fC~r expnsur~ -
. ~a ~ i~ J o ~ ~ ~~.min
t ~ tl ~ ~
1. 'rhe uee of PM~ wiCh `~gftt10'~ s permit~ experimentel inv~gtiggCic~n df
_ their effects on aqueoue media, variaug modela of binlogicgl tisgues and,
finally, directly on gn~mal~ and man.
2. There is conCinuous generaCion of endogenous electric ~urrentg, due to
metabolic energy, in living biological Cigeues. ~lect~ical ~hgrgeg gr~
~en~rated near the surtaces of inembraneg, and there is algo conCinunus flow
of blood and other bfologicel fluida at rateg r~nging from m/a to mm/s or
lees, which determines continuoua generation of flow currenta.
'Chig makeg it poasible for intengive magnetnhydrodynamic and electrnhydro-
dynamic phenomena to be generated in biologi~~l ti~~ueg~ ~ven under the
influence of loW-amplitude PMP ahich, in turn, could have a subet~ntial
influence on these proceseea in the organiem.
3. There are also several.poasfble applicatiane of PMF in aolving a number
of technical probleme in varioua branchea of the natioaal economy. This
thesis is based on prior experience with MF to intensify various hetero-
geneous processes in liquids (4J and experimente described here. In our
opinion, nf apeciel intereet are our experiments dealing With the effects
of PMF from different eourcee, including GPMF, on the kinetics of behavior
of a s~ugpenaion df analogous ferromagnetic particles.
'The great time and apatial heterogenei*_y effect makes it possible to control
the distribution of particlea in a volume of liquid, even With MF intensities
of the order of a fea oerated, Which could be used to develop varioua types
of instrumenta and devices.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Berlin, Yu. V. "A Device for Exciting a Sliding Magnetic Pield~"
NOVOSTI MEDITSINSKOY TEKHNIKI (NeWS in Medical Technology], Vyp 1~ 1974~
p 123.
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B~rlin, Yu. V.; Krdtov, A. V.; Be1'kevich, V. I.; ee al. "Biophygic~l
Prerequi~itea fnr neveloping ~ New M~Chod df Uging Moving MagneCic
~ie1d~. M~gn~Cic ~'i~1d~ in M~~ri~ine," T1tUDY KY1t~. t~n. IN-TA (~runx~)
(Wdrke of Kirgiz Medical InetituCej, 100, 1974, p 20.
3. Ggk, Ye. Z. "The ~ueaCion of MngneCohydr~dyn~mic ~ffecC in Aquenu~
Solutiong nf Strong ~lpctrolyte~," ~L~KTItOKHIMxYA ~~l~eernchemi~try~, ,
3, 1967~ p 89.
4. Gttk, Y~. Z.; Komgrov, G. p.; and Gak, M. z. "Mggnetohydrodyngmi~ gnd
~l~ctrohydrodyn~mic ~ffecta in eh~ M~~h~nigm~ nf Action df M~gnptic
~ield~ on $idlog~Cg1 Ob~e~t~~" (thig colle~ti~n, p 32), 1977.
S. Kibygk.dv, A. V.; Komgrov~ G. P.; and Gak, Y~. z. "1'he Role of Hydro-
dyngmic Factors in Synaptic Transmiesion," ~IZIOL. ZHU1tN. S55R (Phy~io-
- logica~ Journ~l of thp USSIt~, 57, Nd 11, 1971, p 1641.
6. Mgnnylov. V. Yg. "~lecCri~iCy and Man," Leningrad~ ~nergiya, 1975.
7
7. Meryutin, V. 1., end bvorovenko~ V. K. "~ffects of pulsed Magtt~tic
~ields on Some Chgracterietice of Blood. MggnetiC Fields in Medicine,"
TRIJUY KRIG. MED. IN-TA (~runze), 100, 1974, p 89. _
8. Oliger, T. I. "~ffect of ~ulsed Magnetic ~ield on Cholinergi~ Nerv~~ -
of the Heart. Magnetic ~ieldg in Medicine," Ibid, p 61.
_ 9. Toropteev, I. V.~ and Garganeyev, G. P. "Comparative Characteristicg
of Biological ~ffecte of Pulaed Magnetic Pields. Magnetic Fielda in
Medicine~" Ibid, p 8.
10. Kolin~ A. "Magnetic Fielde in Biology," PHYSICS mODAY, S, 1968, p 39.
11. Seipel, J. H., and Morrow, R. D. "The Magnetic Field Accompanying
Neuronal AcCiviry," J. WASH. ACAD. SCI., 50, 1960, p 1.
COPYRICHT: Izdatel'etvo "Nauka", 1978
10,657
CSO: 8144 ~
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U~S`TABILI7.ATION Or NONEQUILYBRAT~U PItOC~55~5 AS TH~ BASIS 0~ TH~ GEN~ItAL -
M~CNANISM 0~ BIOLOGICAL ~FFECTS 0~ MAGN~TIC F'IELn5 -
Moecow REAKTSII BIOLOGICKESKIKH 5I5TEM NA MA~NITNYY~ POLYA in Itug~ian 1978
~ign~d to preee Z4 ~~b 78 pp 59-80
~ArCial~ by G. V. Plekhanov, Siberian Phygico-Technical InetiCuCe, Tomgk)
(Text~ Introduction ~
There are three ecientific direcCions which have much in common, in spite
of appgrent differencee. We refer to electromagnetic biology (~iB), investi-
gation nf solar and terrestrial relations (5TR) and magnetic treatmenC of
water and aqueoue syaCema (MTW). If tae conaider them from the atandpoint of
the cla~giCa1 stimulus--ob~ect--reaction sysCem of investigation, it is
not difficult to see that electromagnetic fields (Et~) are used as the
etimulue in all three directiona. This stimulua ia artificially created for
EMB and MTW, whereas in the study of STR IIKF of apontaneous origin coneCitute
the direct active factor, as indicated by an analysis of the literature [6, 10-
12, 39~. With the obvious difference in specific characterisCica, the ob-
jects of invesCigation in these three directions a18o have at least one
property in common, since they are all referable to nonequilibrium systems.
One can alter substantially the courae of procesaea in such systems by
meane of rather weak exogenous factors. The work performed by the syatiem
When it changes from one nonequilibrated state to another can be greater by
several ordera of magnitude, due to its endogenous energy, than the work of
the acting etimulus. In view of the foregoing, the topics of these three
sections can be combined under the general title of "Effects of F~IF on -
Nonequilibrated Procesaes." But the basic similarity of the directions
in question is also demonstrable in Che general nature of reactions. Here,
one obaerves a phenomenon that ia quite familiar to researchers ~~ho have
worked in thia field for a long time, but quite shocking at firat to novicea,
a phenomenon that we could call incowparability of the results of investiga- ~
tione. "Incomparability" refers to the fact that the results of studies may
differ even when they are conducted under the very same conditions. This
is encountered in the works of different authors, occasionally in the works
of the same author and occasionally in the courae of the same experiment.
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bozen~ of nuehor~ have ~tudied the ~ffeces of m~gneeic fieldg (M~) dn ~SR
~~ryehrocyCe g~dimentgeinn rge~J gnd mor~e than g hundred workg on Chi~ tnpir
hgve been publi~hed; however, Che dpi,nion~ of different authors nre quiee
varied ge Co the ngture of ~SIt ch~ng~~s in M~'. Some guehorg deny the fgct
ChgC M~ h~ve gn in�luenc~ ~n ~5It, evec~ if they gr~ o� high ineensiey (~2, 8j;
nCh~r~ find Chat there i~ ~n incre~se in the Y~Ce (15, 13]; oCh~rg yet
fittd inhibttion rl, 33~ ~nd,f~.ngl.ly, th~r~ nr~ ~om~ who ~t~te fr~nkly thgt
it proceedg in differ~ne directions [5, z4, ~g-30, 34J.
The re~ceion Cime in ~n individugl exposed to M~ mny incre~ge, deCrease or
undergo nn change [2, 51, 69~ 74~ 75]. Nonspecific regceiviCy of gnimnlg in
a m~gnetic field incregges, d~creaseg or does not change (9, 56, 24j. There
are also changes in different directiong in enzyme activiCy (20, ~9],
beh~vioral reactione (4, 65, 59, 27], growCh ~nd developmenez~l proceggeg
(52, 54J, etc., itt a field, as compared to the control. Anglognus findinga
- ere r~p~rted in ptudiee of STR. Ag shown by biomedical inveetigationa, onset
of endpmicg ~60-63, 66, 67, 11, 75], morbidiry (67, 50, 60, 62], epizodeic
outbreakg [18, 19, 58, 44j, changes in harvest [52J, rate uf wood graweh
~31~, etc., are related to chaages in level of golar activity. There ig
a 20-509~ inerea8e in mortality due to myocardial infarcCion (37, 38~, nn
increase in accidenta involving vehicles [16, 68~ nnd ~n ineregse in
suicides [16, 17] on the 2d day after a sol~r flaYe (with appe~rance of
geomagnetic perturbationa). But all this is demongtrable nnly by submitting
large blocka of caees to etatietical proceasing, and it may virCually fail
to be reflected in the vast ma~ority of biological sy~Cems. Changes in
- solar activity cause atmoapheric perturbations [35, 36, 64j, impairment of
hydrological conditions ~48, 49, 53j and increase the probability of ~
earthquakes and eruptions of volcanoea,~7], but they do not yeC enable us
to unpquivocally predicC a change in geophysic~l proceases in each specific
_ instance, i.e., in studying STR the phenomenon of ambiguity of reactions is
even more apparent. It ia encountered ~ust as often in studies dealing with -
MTYJ. Magnetic treatment can clear drinking water, diminiehes scum formation
in boilers and improvea flotation (26, 22, 23~. However, other instances
are also pncountered, when magnetic treatment alters the process in the
opposite direction or doea not affect it [25, 26]. Thus, the phenomenon of
ambiguity of reactions may be considered a general eypical feature that is
encountered quite of.ten in studies dealing with EMB, STR and MTW, At the same
time, magnetic treatment of water is practiced widely in industry and `
yields millions of rubles of savings (26, SS]. In medicine, magnetic fields
elicit a distinct therapeutic response [14, 57j. Each mr~gnetic ~torm takes .
hundreds of human lives (37, 38J. This c.ontradiction--the prese:.ce of
clearcut rela[ionships in mass experimenee not always corroborated in
different teaCa--is the most typical element of research on the effects of
EM~ on nonequilibrium processea. Repeated efforts have been made to deter-
tnine the causes of ambiguity of results of studies involving II~. Most
often, this phenomenon is interpreted from the standpoint of inadequ~ately
sophisticated experimental set-up. The authora of such studies attribute
the incomparability of their reaults to the fact that either the fields
used were not the same or that the influence of some incidental stimulus
f
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Cou1d not be ruled out. In ~ome c~ges, it ia ~ssum~d thr~e the experimeneer
worked with hee~rogeneoug maeeri~l, uaed ehe recording method~ inCdrtiecrly
or did noe proce~g ehe reeultg properly. probably sam~ of the conergdictiory
work~ Could be neCributed Co meChodologic~l flnws, ae ig the c~~;e in any
oeher brench o� biningicnl research. Howev~r, it ig incomprerengible why
m~ny individu~l~ who rreviously worked in other direceiotts withoue miet~kes
wduld ~earting making ehem here. In thi~ caee, the contrgdictory d~e~ of
th~ ~~me author, encount~red moreover in Che courge of the ~nme experiment, _
are ~lgo in~omprehen~ible. ~vidently~ we cannoe getribuee the incomparabi-
lity phenomendn to investig~eive fl~wa ~lnne~ A. p. Uubrov offers gnoCh~r
interpretation; he believeg ehat life is b~g~d on dygsymeery du~ to the
pregenCe of dextroroCaCory gnd levorot~tory ie~mer~ df molecules Chgt ~re
noC in equ~1 proportion in eaCh living ob~ecC.[21]. Ie is difficult to
re~ect thi~s thesis, ~ince it gpparently is valid. However, we still do
not know the extent and distribution thereof.
Efforts hgve glso been made to ~ttribuee incomparability of re~ulta en th~
preaences of pxogenous artificial attd spont~neous electromagneCic backgrnund,
Yndeed in a
that ig ueuully not taken into consideraeinn in the studies. ,
- number of investigations, a cnrrelaCion between some functions o� a living
eyatem and the electromagnetic background c~n be trncked rather we~l;
occasionally the series phenomenon ie clearly demonstrable and inherent
petterna are observed in the incomparability itself. But the reference to _
"background" ia also an inadequatp explanaCion, since the "background"
its~lf consiats of Che same F.MF that ~.i~ the atimulus considered and
srudied in Che expe;iment. Moreover, various "malfunctions" and incompara-
bility are also obs~rved with different background levels and fluctuations.
Thus, this brief analysis of the literature and our considerations enable
u~ to formulate the topic of this investigaCion as follows: experimental
and theoretical determin~ati~nndiverse nonequilibrateduprocessessults of _
studies of effects of
NoneauilibratedfReaction Choaen asgaeModeliofda LivingESystemary
9
One of the fortuitous models for the study of STR is the reaction of bismuth
hydroxychloride precipitation in water, proposed by G. Piccardi [45, 72, 73)�
In essence it consists of the fact thaC when certain amountn of hydrochloric
solution of bismuth chloride are blended with water a milk-white colloid
solution is formed, the solid particles of which settle relatively ~apidly
to the bottom. After reproducing this reaction many times and in different
variants, G. Piccardi established that the rate of sedimentation of the
' solid particles in different glasses fluctuates quite markedly, both in the
- case of runnic~g the reaction in several identical containers at th~e same time
and when conducting the experiment at different times. All of his attempts
to stabilize the reaction failed, since even substantial changes in concentra-
tion of solution, purity of water, temperature, light and amount of shaking
the coittainers had a rather mild influence on the rate of precipitation of
colloi~ ~:articles and did not diminish fluctuation. Using various experi-
mental meti~~as (F, D, P testa) and comparing their general results to
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indice~ of ~ol~r ~ctiviry, G. Piccardi found a rnther dieeinct correlaeion '
beCween thege Cwo proce~ee~.
The comprehen~ive studi~g of thig phenomenon, conducted for many ye~re by G.
- Piccardi gnd hie proponents made it posaible eo demnnstraee a correlation
between the nature of flucCuation o� di�ferent Cests and time of daye s~agon,
plgce, l~vel of ~olar activity, eCc. In view of the overe ittsCnbiliey of
the Pi~cardi reaceion, iCs simpliciey~ mi.nim~l dependence on puriCy of
reagente and experim~ntgl ~ottdition~, ae Weii ae distinct relation to solar
aceivity, ie wg~ decided to use iC a~ a model, on which one could rry to
investiggte the paCterns of effecta of ~pontaneous nnd we~k ~reifici~l
~ nn nonequilibrated aystems. The specific meChode used in Chis experiment,
whiCh were chosen after conducting a series of Crials, consisted of the
following: -
Severnl thick-walled chemic~l beakers were filled with 5 mm eesquinormal
hydrochloric eolution of biamuth chloride nnd 25 mk disCilled water,
passed once thrnugh M~ of 3200 A/m ae the rnte of 2 cm/s, was added to each
at the same time. 5uch pretreatment of the wneer wns undertaken on the
basis of Piccardi's indicationa that it was desirable to "aceivate" the
waCer, as well as becauae a reaction rutt simultnaeously in several beakers ,
proceeds more eCably with "magnetized" waCer, as shown by the nreoiminary
trials [40). The beakers wiCh reagents were placed in a predetermined
area and the solid parCicles of colloid s~lution began to settle, forming
a distinct interface with cleared liquid. The reaction was coneidered
- completed at the time of total precipitation, which was determined when
he phase interface matched a mark on the beaker that had been made in
advance on the basis of the preliminary tests. The accuracy of deCermina-
tion of the time of total precipitation consCitutes t10:15 s, wiCh a mean
precipitation time vf 7 10 min~ i.e., Che mea~urement error factor con-
stitutes 1:2X. We used a atopwatch to time total pre-{.pitation in each
beaker, and it fluctuated from 2 to 33 min in different testa.
A. M. Opalinskaya uaed this method to conduct experiments for 7 years, and
they consiated of 8 series of apecial investigaCiona.
a. In the first series, a atudy was made of the relation between average
rate of precipitation of bismuth hydroxychloride in water and various
heliophysical and geophyaical indices: For Chis purpose, the reaction rate
in 3-S beakera was measured daily for several years, and the arithmetic
" mean thereof was aelected as the index of precipitation rate on a given
day. Experiments were conducted at the same time in a bui.lding of the Physico-
Tehcnical Institute. In all, 690 tests were conducted, in~luding 2629 spe-
cific measurementa. The amoothed distribution thereof is illustrated in -
Figure 1. Calculation of the coefficient of correlation between 24-h
reaction times and local 3-h K index reveal~~d a positive relationship
be[ween these series, with r~ 0.57 and significance level of P
0~01) occurred practically in all the animals. Further the number of
erroneous reactions again rose to ir, (d > 0.01). In different animals the
secondary r ise in the number of errors in selecting the reinforcement side
xas traced from the third th~ough the sixth day after singl~ irradiation.
In the following'days of observations the number of erroneous reactions xas
continuously reduced~ and by tho eighth day all the aniroals had ~actically
completely restored their ability to select the reinforcement side.
The effect of the non-mo3ulated EMF xith the same intensity of the field did
not result in the appearance of erroneous reactions in selecting the rein-
- forcement side either on the day of irradiation, or in the subsequent days. -
In the intact trained ani~nals there xas a natural increase in the reaction
timo as the drinking motivgtion xas satisfied. Here the total ncunber of
drinking reactions d~ing the experiment averaged 30. Expos~e~to modu- ~
lated EMF resulted in a considerable increase in the reaction time already
after the animal~had run 3-5 times to the drinking boxl. In addition, in -
animals during the irradiation xith modulated EMF' the total number of drinking
reactions during the experiment xas reduced on the average to 15 (d > 0.01). _
Exposure to non-modulated EMF, despite the complete absence of erroneou$
reactions~ xas also accompanied by a faster increase in the reaction time
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r~n c:om~~nrc~ci to Lhc~ ir?t~cL unimule~ ua wo11 ns a reduction in the total
_ numbor of drinking raactions in the experlment on the average to 13 (d >
0~01), In the restorative period in the rats afte~ exposure to modulated
~MF the number df d~inking reactions during the experimen~ practically
approached th~t of the inta~t rat~~ however the time of the actual reaction
inc~eased from the first approach af the animals to the drinking bowl~ -
_ C0~'YRIGHTs Tzdatel'gtvo "Nauka"~ i97'~ _
5~~5
CSOs 1870
~~3
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REACTION OF DR~SOPHIIA TO EIrECTRICAI, FIELD
Moscow UPRAVI~ENTYE POVEDENIYEM ZHIVOTNYKH in Russian 1978 pp 13-14
(~Article by V. M. Afonina and V~ B. Chernyshev~ biological department of
Moscow State University]
~Text] It can bc~ hypothesized tha.t insects perceive the electrical field as
the force of interaction t~etween the charge of their body and the surroudning
field (Chernyshev, 19?5). A scan of the soil aurface from the fields re-
= vealed a pronounced accumulation of small insects in this zone (Tshernyshev~
- Erahova, T ikhonova~ Shakhanova? 1973)~
Edwards (1960) shoxed that drosophila can react to an artificial electrical
field by stopping movement. We atudied this reaction of d~osophila (Droso-
phila melanogaster) and drew the following conclusions. The percentage of
inclividuals reacti~ig to the field is d irectly p~oportional to its intensity.
The minimum potential at which a reaction was still observed--2 volts per
1 cm. The natural gradient of the atmospheric potenfi.�al is altered in the
interval approximately from one to hundreds of volts per centimeter. Con-
sequontly, drosophila react to an incrsase in the gradient of the potential
(usually occurring before bad weather) by a reductior? in activity, and most
likely, xithdraxal to shelter. The higher the air humidity promoting the
escape of the body charge ofthe insect~ the lower the level of its reaction. -
Hoxever, xith relative sir humidity below xhich cleariy goes beyond
the limits of the norm for drosophila, the reaction to the electrical field
is reduced to zero.
The level of reaction is alftays higher in the variable field than in the
permanenti it is especially high xitr. frequency of changes in the field--
10 Hz. Apparer~tly~ the strength of the ~nteraction of chazges can be
_ perceived through oscillations in the setae on the body of the drosophila
or extremities, including the xings.
Besides these relationships~ xe observed a variability in the level of the
reaction that is difficult to explain. With the standazd experiments for
almost txo summer months on individual days the reacti~n dropped almost to
2ero, or xas raised almost to 10096. We add that in the city laboratory
the level of the reaction xas~ as a rule~ considerably loxer than in the ~
114
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rural locality. In winter the flies wero pxactically inaenai~tive to the
field.
No correlation was observed between the reaction leveJ. and the natural changes
in ionization and electrical conductivity of the air and the 1eve1 of
eleotromagneti.c oscillationa of atmospheric origin. An artificial rise ~ as
we11 as decrease in the level of these factor s in natural limits did not
affect the reaction of drosophila ta the electrical field~ The reaction
level o: the drosophila also was not 1lnked to atmospheric pressure gnd the
turbulence of the geomagnetic field~ We succeeded in showing experinentally
th~t the artif icially created weak subsonics o~ frequency 0~1 and 16 Hz
r~duces the level of the drosophila reaction to the electrical field on the
average by 4096~
COPYRIGH'I's Izdatel'atvo "Nauka"~ 1977
9035
Cso: 1870
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UDC 612.014.43/46
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INPERAC'1'ION OF EL~CTROMAGNETIC FIELDS WITH �
_ BYOLOGICAL ENTITIES
Moacow OSOBENNOSTI VZAIMODEXSTVIYA ELEKTROMAGNITPIYKH POLEY S BIOOB'YERTAMI
(Special CharacterisCics of Che InCeracCion of Electromagnetic Fielda with
~iological Entitiea) in Ruseian 1978, pp 5-9
[Foreworcl by Che editora, Profeasore B. M. Savin and G. A. SCepanskiy, and
table of contenta from book by V. M. Shtemler and S. V. Koleanikov;
- [Text] The problem of the biological effects of radio-frequency electromag-
- netic fielda has become parCicularly urgent in recent years. As a reault of
the rapid development of radio cc~rnmunications, radar, and television, a con- -
aiderable part of Che earth'A pr~p~al~Cion ia constanCly e~sposed Co electro-
_ magnetic radiation of Che radio-~a+~v~ rauge. The wide us~ Af electromagnetic
energy in the :iational economy, ecf~~~ce, and medicine is aruompanied by fur- ~
ther increase in the number of p~raons expoaed to hygienfcally aignificant -
levela of electromagneCic radiation with various characteristi~s: from quasi-
atatic radiation to radiation of the optical band.
Devicea which are aourcea of radio waves are extremely useful to man, however,
when uaed without proper control, they create extremely high levels of radia-
tion and can be hazardc~us to human health. This determines the specinl sig-
nificance of problema of hygienic normalization of radio-wave radiation in
- solving problema of enauring safe working condiCiona and envfronraental pro-
tection.
Zt should be noted that the Soviet Union ia the firat country in the world -
where the levels of radio-frequency eriecta were r~gulated by the government.
= In recent yeara, international attention to the problema of the biological _
effects of electromagnetic radio-frequency radfation and its hygienic normal-
ization has increased conaiderably. ~he formation oF the International. Com-
mittee on Nonionizing Radiation within the framework of IRPA (International
Commisaion on Radiological Protection) is aignificant in this respect. The
taska of the committee include the analysis of tl~e biological effects of .
varioua typea of nonionizing radiation, as well as the develapment of recom-
mendations for the maximum permissible levels of radiation and normative
documenta of international nature. Just since 1973, the time of the fir~t
~.16
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large-acale inCernaCional eympoaium "Biological Efiects of Microwaves and _
Healeh Hazarda," 1~ inCernational forume were held on various aspects of
thie problem,
The problem of ehe biological effecta of eleceromagnetic radiation of Che
radio-wave range is one of Che main divisions of the radiohiology of non-
ionizing radiation, which is an independent area of acienCific knowledge.
_ IC includea a number of ~cientific directiona connecCed wiCh thF Eatablish-
ing of regularities in the reaoonses of li.ve sysCema to the effecta of radio ~
wavea at varioua levela of their organtzaCion: aubcellular, cellular, sys-
temic, and the organiam l~vel,
Being engendered primarily by pracCical needs the neceasity of prevenCing
Che unfavorable effecCa of thie Cypa of radiation on Che human organiam, as
well as the intereata of clinical medicine (parricularly, physiotherapy)
in recent years, iC has been increasingly acquiring a heuriatic importance,
contributing to the diacovery of the moat inCimaCe vital activiCy processes
of Che organiam.
Although Che first atudiea on Che biological effects (therapeutic) of elec-
tromagnetic radiation of the radio-frequency rang~ were done as early as Che -
end of the laet century, a syaCematic developmenC of this problem was atarted
only at the end of Che forties.
AC the present time, the bibliography on Che problems connected with the bio-
logical effecCa of electromagnetic radio-frequency fields has aeveral thou-
sand titlea. Neverthelesa, considerable part of them a~e descriptive in
- nature and deal chiei~~ with phenomenology. Only in recent years there hae ~
developed a definite tendency toward increasing the number of publications
treating special characteristics of the absorption and distri~ution of the
energy of electromagnetic fields in biological entities, and the investiga-
tion of the intimate mechanisms of their action, as well as the improvement
of research meChods and experimental techniquea.
This collection was prepared by the members of the laboraCory of electromag- -
netic radio-frequency wavea of the Institute of La':or Hygiene and Occupational
Diaeases of the USSR Academy of M~dical Sciences.
The aurveys contained in it are dealing with three key aspects of the pro-
blem; its clinicohygienic aspecta, effects of radio-wave radiation on the
_ central nervous system, and biophysical aspects of the interaction of elec-
tromagnetic fields with biological entitfes.
- The correct estimation of the hazar3s of radio-frequency radiation and extra-
polation of the data of experimental studies conducted on anima.is fn appli-
cation to Che human organiam axe possible only on the basis of the establish-
ment of a strict interrelation between the incident energy and the energy
gbaorbed by the biological entity, between the electromagnetic fields which
_ are really acting (induced in the biological entity) and the biological ef-
fecta occurring at that timeo These problems are discusaed in the first sur-
, vey of the collection.
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UnCil receritly, very ].itCle w~s known abouC Chese problems. It is very re- _
cently rhAe conei.derat~le progress l~ao been made in this area, which has cre-
aCed Che prerequisiCe:~ for a more correcC evaluation of Che results of ex-
perLrnental sCudLes. 7'here is no doubt Char Che auChors of this survey had
~ difficulC task of m~iking the problems of the interacCion of Che electro-
mngneeic fi.eld wttih a biological entiCy accessible for broad secCions of
_ medicobiological speci.alista wiChout resorCing Co the comparatively complex =
maChematical ~pparatu;~. The auChors limited Chemselves to a minimal number
of formulas which, ~.t: Che same time, make it possible to perform practical
computaCions ex~reme].~,~ imporCanC in plucining the experiments and analyzing `
the resulCs of Che aC~adiea.
The nexC survey analy~:ea the worka dealing with the effects of radio waves
on the acCivity of Ctit~ central nervous system. IC should be mentioned thaC
Che largest number of works published in recenC years are dealing ~?~iCh thi~
problem. Thia is quil_e understandable because Che accumulaCed data indicate
that the central nervous sysCem is one of the sysCems of the organism which
is the mosC sensitive ~o the effect of electromagnetic fields of the radi~- -
frequency range, and changes in Che indexes of its functional state are ~:o~- .
aidered to be of decinive importance in substantiaring the thresholds of harm-
ful factora.
_ As has been mentioned above, the problems of hygienic normalization of radio-
wave radiation have become parCicularly urgent in recent years. In this con-
nection, Che concluding survey, along with the discussion of the published
data oti Che clinical~maniiesta~ions of radio-f requency effects, gives infor-
maCion on the exposure standards adopted in various counCries, modern ap~
proaches to the hygienic evaluation of factors, measurement methods, and
levels of radiation to which people are exposed under industrial conditions
and in everyday life. It should be mentioned that, in spite of the great
imporCance of these p~roblems, the number of publications treating them is
rather limit�ed, and mosC of them belong to Soviet authors.
It is noCable that the number of works by foreign authors on ehe methodology
of t~ygienic atandardization is extremely limited in spite of the fact that
_ it is in thia problen that there are substantial differences both in the ~
treatment of clinica] changes connected with the effects of this faetor, and
in the exposure levels permitted by the standards of various countries.
This collection is ir,tended primarily for scienCists engaged in research on -
the problem of noniotiizing radiation. However, it is believed that the ma-
terials contained in it will also be of interest for broader sections of
_ medical and radio enF;ineering specialists.
Contents
Page
Introduction 10
_ Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Biologiral Tissues 12
118 -
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~ Genera]. RegulariCiea of Che InCeracCion of ElecCromagneCic -
= Fielda (EMF) wiCh Bi.ological EnCiCies 18
InCerrelation o~ Exrernal and InCernal Fields. Absorption
and DiseribuCion of Energy in Bodies of Vartous Shapes
- and bimeneiona 24
Low-Frequency Region (Quaoi-SCatic Approximation) 24
Spherical Models 25
Spheroidal Models 32
- ~pecial Models Uaed in the Ultralow Frequency Range 38
Nonlinear Absorption Region 41 _
Spherical Models 41
_ Spher~idal Models GS
- High-Frequency Region ~ 48 -
Plane-Layer Models 48 -
Irradiation in the Field of an Unformed Elec~romagnetic
Wave 4S
Methods and Resulta of Measurementa of Internal Fields and
Abaorbed Power in Phantoms and Biological Entities 50
Methods of Measuring the Integral Absorbed Power 50 -
Measurement of the Internal DistribuCion of Fields and
- Abaorbed Power by Che Probing MeChods S1
Measurement of the Deneity of the Absorbed Power in
Biological Phantoma and Animals by the Thermographic
Me~hod 52
The Problema of EME Dosime*.xy in Experiments and Extrapolation
of the Data Obtained in Experimente on Animals to Man 58
Conclusion 62
Bibliography 64
COPYRIGHT: VINITI,~1978
10,233
CSO: 8144 END
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