JPRS ID: 8356 TRANSLATIONS ON EASTERN EUROPE AND ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS

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• Content Type: REPORTS

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27 MARCH i979 CFOl10 S179~ ~ OF i
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JPRS L/8356
2 7 March 1.9 79
~
TRANSLATIONS ON EASTERN EUROPE
ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS
_ ~ ~ ~
CFOUO 5/79)
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61DLIQOIiAPNIC DATA 1~ R~port No. Z Reclpl~aN~ Acce~~loa No.
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TRANSLATIONS ON ~ASTERN EUROPE - ECON4MIC AND xNDUSrRIAL
- A~FAYRS, (FOUO 5/79) 6�
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JPRS L/8356
27 March 1979
TRANSLATIONS ON EASTERN EUROPE
ECONOMIC AND INDUStRIAL AFFAIRS ~
:
(FOUO 5/79)
CONTENTS PAGE
C~ECHOSLOVAKTA -
Poland Building CSSR Power Station Prunerav II
(Pavel Landa; TECHNTCKY TYDENNIK, 30 Jan 79)........... 1
Computera in Machine Tool IndusCry Discussed
(Milan Horky; TECHNICKY TYDENNIK, 30 Jan 79)........... 3
Comprehenaive Experiment in Chemical Industry Evaluated
(Ivan Zich; CHEMICKY PRUMYSL, No 11, 1978) 6
- a - [III - EE - 64 FOUOJ
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CZ,~'.~CH~SI,OVAKIA
POLEIND AUI:LDING CSSR POWER STATION PRUNEROV II
Prague mECHNICKY TYDENNIK in Czech 30 Jan 79 p 1
[Article by Pavel Landa; "~ne Biggest Power Plant Under Construction in
_ North Bohemia"j
['.Cext) Otir biggest power plant cornprising five 210 MT~1 units, to be known as
_ the Prunerov J:I Power station, is under construction by Polish specialists;
the Polish People's Republ3c will deliver it in ready-to-start cond:ttion.
It needs to be said that it is the biggest power installation ever exported
- b,y Poland: its contract value amounts to roughly 450 million rubles. The
supplier was not chosen randomly. He has to his credit among other pr~~ects,
the construction of 50 210 I~b~T units which are in operation in Polish power
plants and has acquired ample experience iri the construction of brown coal
boilers for Yugoslav power plants.
The biggest problem the Polish designers faced was the low-grade coal from
the Nastup mine which will also supply this power plant. But again, the
problem was not insoluble b~cause they have already designed--and successi'ully
--boilers for coal of even lower caloric content. And sa in the case of
Prunerov they also rely on deliveries of so-called ameliorative coal which
burns easier and is designed to improve the combustion process.
The environmental problem of thi; pro,ject was also considerable. The sup-
pliers guarantee that separators will remove 99 percent of the fly ash and
that particulate emission from the 300-meter-high stack will not exceed 205
ki logrFim~hour per unit.
The consortium of Polish foreign trade enterprises Budimex and Elektrim is
con:equently delivering Prunerov II in operational condition, or according
to Yolish specialists on the construction site, they will deliver everything
- "inside the fence," because the pipeline for the supply of cooling water and `
thc storage repository for ash are being built by Armabeton Prague and the
transformers wili be delivered by Skoda Plzen. But Polish building site
_ facilities, foi� which the suppliers used modern prefabricated parts, are
al~o "outside the fence." The buildings arc good and considered worth buy- -
ing for continued use--perhaps as repair shops for the Tusimice power plant. _
1
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= Something about deadlines. The contract with the Budimex-E].ectrim consort-
- ium was signed by our Skodaexpor~ on 20 November i976. Constructi~n began
= that se,me ,year. The first power plant un3t is expected to go 3nto operation
= on 31 December 1980 and ~ach subsec~uent un3t in int~rvals of 4 months. When
= we vis3ted Prunerov at the end of last year, 2,600 people were at work there;
= when cons~ruction peaks, t~,bout ~he midd].e of this year, 3,500 Poles are
expected to be at work there.
_ We asked managing engineer Wilinsky, whom the consortium appo3nted to direct
- the constructian of the techno].ogical part, about the problems he has had to
cope w3th: "I must confess that in the tieginning we had to overcome a cer-
tain diffidence on the part of Czechoslovak specialists, a lack of cnnfidence -
in the standard ~nd quality of Polish products, But that is no longer'so,
3n c~y opinion, part].y as a result of visits by your people to our country,
to Polish enterprises."
(In explanation; About 50 Polis!~ enterprises, belonging to 25 associations
wh3ch are analogous to our VriJ's, parr,~c3pate in deliveries for Prunerov II.)
"~l~rther, certain problems arose as a result of differences in safety regu-
lations atid standards. We are in cansultation on this matter and I believe
that also in this respect nothing stands in the way of construction."
The only real impediment is the weather, especially the weather which we tiad
in the first days of this year~. But the suppliers allegedly take suct~ delays .
into account and create vario!as partia:. lead times. For example, of the over- -
all volume of 75,000 tons of equipment they already had 5,000 tons ready in
_ well-orgt~ni2ed depots in Prunerov before Christmas.
And how do ~ur specialists assess the progress of construction? This question
was addressed to builder Zdenek Macek who represents the central investor--the
general mana6ement of the Czech Power Enterprises Prague:
- "I believe that the Polish suppliers will make a concerted effort to bring
the power plant into operation within planned deadlines and the stipulated
output. The construction part need not be ~valua*~d. We in our country
know the Poles to be good builders. But apparently ~~ur neighbors attribute ~
_ especiall,y great importance to the supply of the maci,:'_nery for Prunerov II.
And no wonder: they are supplyi7g p~wer plant equiF;nent to a country which
i:. traditionall,y A ma.nufacturer and exporter of such equipment. And this ,
wi11 earn them a reputation tiiey can be proud of internatianally.
"As to construction progress piuper, no ~~nforeseen problems have arisen. Ttie
_ party organs and national committees di the Chomutov okre~ deserve recogni-
tion for the utmost assistance they ar~ rendering to meet the needs of the
l~uilders such as, for exa.mple, in housing and provi~ioning the Polish workers.
COPYRIGt{T: 1979 VYDAVATE;LSTVI A NAKLADATELS`rVI ROH PRACE
~ ~i6f~4
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cz~cxoszav~xr~
COMI'U'rFRS IN MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRX DISCUSSED
Pra~ue TECHNZCKY TYDENNIK ip Czech 30 Jan 79 P b
[Article by Mi1an Horky: "Establishing Interconnection in Ministries"j
['rextj The development and establishment of the Ministerial Automated
Control Center (OASR) is proceeding currently c>n the EC 1030 computer at
the Inorga Computing Center and to a limited d~gree on the IBM 370 computer
at the Po1di United Steel Works Kladno. The minicomputer WANG 2200 is being
used for operational calculations and for the solution of some tasks with a
1ow data input and output volume (it is located in the building of the CSSR -
Min3.stry of Metallurgy and I~eavy Engineering) .
In accord with the increasingly exacting d~mands placed on the management
of' the Czecho~lovak engineering industry it was decided that in ~he future,
- OASRs of both engineering industries will provide ~he computer system
which in the first place will enable the creation of an extensive aata base
' for use by management workers using disri.ay terminals and the question-
answer r~gime. In addition, the data base h~ill facilitate interactive
designing and progra~aning in program development and upkeep.
Only an imported 3.5 generation computer can meet these requirements. Or.
the basis of a selection procedure the decision was reached to purchase the ~
' zBM 370/138 comput~r, a decision which was approved by the CSSR Mtnistry for
Technical and Capital Dzvelopn?ent.
_ Me~~tirig the two functions required of the system will be reflected in the
propo~al oi' the necessary technical and programming equipment for the entire
, ^,ystem. The interactive terminals and the corresponding programming equip-
ment are indispensable. Al~ogether 18 display terminals will be installed,
15 of' them for local use in the building of the CSSR Ministry of Metallurgy
and Ileavy Engineering and three distant ones at Inorga work places in Prague.
In the first stage, most terminals will serve for interactive designing and
onl,y two to five for ~~rification and the gradual introduction of the inter-
~ctivc approach to the data bank: the data bank system terminals will ini-
tiull,y be available to employee~ of the CSSR Ministry of Metallurgy and Heavy
H:n~inecring at a designated work place with the asststance of the designers
3
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~he au~;omated control system. In thc next sta.ge, the number of data ba,nk
_ system ~;erminals will. be increased by transferring the terminals used !'or �
inter~zc~Live progremming dircctly to selected management work places of ~Lhe
m~.n~.si;ry.
In order to imp~ement m~.na~~ment automation between the ministry on one
s3de and the economic proc~uction units on ttie other, ttie proposal for
equ3pping the computer cer?ter of the Czechoslovak engineering industry
will have to include technical. and programming equipment necessar,y for
maintaining contact with the managed sector.
The compu~er centers of Vf'.J's should as a mit~imum be equipped with a terminal _
for obtaining, prel.iminary processing and transmission of dat~ and printing
equipment (for operational documentation). In the first stage (1980-1982),
data ~ransmission will be accomplished wittiout interconnection by means of -
magnetic tape or an elastic disc. In the next stage, when a term3nal net-
work will be set up as a necessary prerequisite for the establ~shment of
hierarchic computer network of the ministr,y whicYi w.ill serve the needs of'
the automated management centers of' middle manugement, conditions will have
to be created for interconnected transmission. In ttie full stage, a differ-
entiated minimum of equipment should exist in ~11 V1iJ's which are not equipped
with ~n intermediate computer.
Temporarily, other means of coirununication can bc auttiorized for data trans-
missioii or data transmission can be accomplished by tclepririter, especia'11,y
where due to the small volume of transmitted data the investment into eguip-
ment with the above-mentioned f~.inctional characteristics is not warranted.
. The progran�ning endowment of the system will fully assure the possibility of
interactive work in a question-answer regime ~nd programming. It oiill fur-
ther supply the necessary mathematical-statistical tools f'or the establish-
ment and upkeep of the data base. The following operational systems will .
be used: VM OS~VSI,CMS, Assembler frequency translator. PL 1~Optimizing, -
, Cobol, APL~SV and additional pro~ramming equipment Sort~Merge, IMS~DB (or
- IDMSj for the CICS data bank, for communication with terminals in the
guestion-answer regime.
Connecting the IBM 370~138 computer with EC 1030 and witl~ computers of organ- ~
ization~ supplying or accepting data for processing on magnetic tape is made
possible by the magnetic tape system oi the Telex Co which records aad reads
MP~ stop with recording density 1600 BPI and 800 BPI and 7 stop 800 or 556
BPI. This sysl:em, which now works with the computer EC 1030, will be linked
wi~h tt?e IBM 370~138 computer. The ma.gnetic tupe units EC 5012-IZOT will
, then be available to the EC 1030 compu�~~r. Connection with the WANG 2200 '
computer will be established by means of :~ri ela;tic di^c.
For the present, the informution carrier at the ministry cannot be: completely
unificd due to the disparateness of cc7mputing equipment in the managed sector.
~ 4
.
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'nc~ m~ln technical eyuipment, i.e., ~he 1:~M 370/1.38 computer, :including
input ~.nd outpu~ unj.ts, supplementary memories ~.nd auxiliary equipment,
wi:l~. be ~~l~t~iiea at i:he Inorga Computing Center (in the building of the ~
CSSR M3.nistry of ~tetallurgy and Heavy Eng3.neering '1'he center will al.so
kiave ec~uipment far the storitig of data, on elastic discs . Up to 10 1.oca1
I:BM 3270 d3.spla,y s,ystem units, situated mostly at Inorga work pla:;es during
the i;est3ng period, w11.7. gradually be reinstal.led at the CSSR Ministry of
Metall.urgy and Heavy ~ngineering. ' -
The II3M 3275 type display units (including pr3nters) s~.tuated dur3ng the
i;esting period at the Inorga Computer Center wi7.l be moved to ttie insti- ~
tute's d3stant work p].aces :tn Pra~ue (or to its branch in Ostrava). The
i.mplementation of this plan depenc~s on the availability of remote data
transmission possibilities. Terminals for the managed sector will be at
~eneral, managements of individkal VHJ's of the ministry (3.n computing
centers),
About 1,000 typesariters with OCRE ~ype pr3nt wi]1. be instal~.ed (or rented)
in the m3nistry's VHJ's and enterprises and the equipment for reading this
print at the Inorga Comput~.ng Center should the use of OCR forms for d~ta
collection prove practical during the testing period.
The WAIVG 2200 computer will also be situated in the building of the CSSR
Ministry of Metallurgy anc~ Heavy Engi.neering; it will be used to solve
~ operational tasks with a temporary local data complement. In using th3s
- minicomputer and similar equipment in VHJ's the conceptual processing
. integrity of the entire system will have to be assured.
After the installation of the IBM 370~138 system the EC 1030 computer will
be used to pro~ess some routine proportional tasks for which there are no
- deadlines,
COPYRIGHT: ~979 - VYDAVATELSTVI A NAIff~1DETELSTVI ROH PRACE -
~~64
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- .
- C2ECHOSLOVAKIA
COMPREHENSIVE EXPERIMENT IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY EVALUATED
Prague CHEMICKY PRUMYSL in Slo~rak No t1,1978 Submitted 20 Feb 78 pp 599-601
[Article by Ivan Zich, Slovchemia~ General ManagemenC, Bratislava: "Energy
Management and the Comprehenaive Experiment in Managing Eff iciency and
Quality in the Chemical Ittduetry"]
[Text] The artic:te deals with energy management problema in
Che evaluation of the comprehensive experiment in managing _
eff iciency and quality in the c!-~cmical industry. The rules
of Che comprehensive experimer.t deaigned to 3mprove manage-
ment work, uncover reserves a~td overcome shortcomings and `
waste i?.~ managing energy in the chemical industry are the
_ startin,g point.
Introduction
The comprehensive experiment in managing eff iciency and quality is based on
principles which were approved f~r the Sixth Five-Year Plan on 2 October
1975 by the CSSR Govertunent Resolution No 285. According to the reaolution,
the experiment is an open-ended system which will be further improved and
modified on the basis of experimental findings and as new experiencea are ,
acquired. The experiment is comprehenaive in that it is designed to evalu-
ate new elements and tools which bear on efficiency and quality in all areas
of planned management auch as planning, material incantives, increased
responsibility at individual management levels, etc. It is further expected
to confirm the correctness of implementing the approved principles which
consider the VHJ to be the~basic management unit equipped ~omprehensively
in the form of a concern or a branch, operating on the khozraschot basis
and differentiated according to conditions and the nature of production. In
connection with these principles the CSSR Gover~ent Presidium approved on
4 December 1977 by Reaolution No 279 the "Skeleton Principles Guverning the
Comprehensive Experiment in Managing Efficiency and Quaitiy."
In accord with the proposed, evaluation of the comprehensive experiment in
~ managing eff iciency and quality in selected VHJ's energy management in
these organizations must primarily:
6
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--incr~~se economy ~nd ef�iciency in the use of a11 kinde of fuels and ,
ener~y;
--r,aise the srnndard of organizational, manu~emenC and producC~ve work of
Che VHJ's energy sector Co ineure the raeionul use and maximum utilizaCion
- o.f individual kinds uf �uels and energy;
~ --test And introduce new, improved planning methods which would further the
development of Che nat3on~1 economy;
--improve economy in the uae nf fuels and energy in key and selected power-
generating and technological proceases;
--improve Che eff iciency of capital reaources and reduce power conaumpt~on
in production; -
- --improve energy efficiency by inCroducing new technological discoveries in
~ producCion and applying Soviet experience in the comprehensive management
of efficiency, etc.
In fulfilling these tasks in Che evaluation of the comprehensive experiment
' in managing efficiency and quality, energy management af the VHJ must aim at -
a steady reduction of its specific power consumption, Che improvement of
quality and effic iency of labor in the energy sector and the planned direc-
tion of the development of the VHJ's power economy and ita regulatory function
ro meet consiatently the ob~ectives of the stare's energy policy and insure
_ the balanced development of the naCional economy.
These tasks muyt be fulfilled by setting mandatory indicators for the
_ implementation of tii~ plan, namely:
- --fuel and energy limits;
--power consumption standards for selected key products;
--tasks of the state rationalization program for fuel and energy conaumption;
--selected tasks to insure energy efficiency of the economy;
--power prod~ction capacity;
and by setting orientation indicators of the plan, namely:
--energy requirement of production;
J `
--electric power requiremAnt of production;
--energy resources of production facil~ties;
- --electric power resources of production facilities;
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' --energy~availability;
--electric power availability;
--mean efficiency of Chermal stationa and heating insCallations of Che
enterprise.
In recent years, industry has achieved import~nt accomplishments by raiain~
the energy efficiency of individual processes and technologiea, in the ,
chemical indusCry, for ex,ample, in the product3.on of ammonia, ethyLene,
_ motor fuels and other chemical products. An overall positive trend of the
_ power consumpticn curve in the chemical industry can be noted (Table 1) and
relatively high savings ~n fuels and energy in Che first 2 years of the Sixth
Five-Year Plan (Table 2) were achieved by the introduction of more advanced
- technological proceases (ethylene, amr~ionia, electrolysis, etc.) and by Che
- gradually rising unit eff iciency of Che instal~.aCions and the tntroduction
of rationalization measures.
But in spite of Chese favorable results which were achieved by fulfilling .
ti~e tasl:s of the sCate rationalization program of fuel and energy consumption
in the eval.uation period of the comprehensive experiment in managing efficiency
and quality the criteria of further rationalization of consumption of fuels
and energy must become more ex~,:ting. Therefore, further work in this -
area should start from the conclusion that in the experimEntin~ VHJ's and
organizations energy is not being utilized rationally enough and that better -
organization and more purposeful management would raise the efficiency of
the energy economy. Therefore, in this endeavor rationalization of consump-
tion of energy must gradually change its focus from partial rationalization
measures (aim~ng hitherto mostly at increasing the eff iciency of the energy
economy and at the utilization of waste h~at) to the planning and implemen-
tation of technological measures in the energy systems of selected
technologies aimed at modernizing them wherever this is technologically, ;
technically, and economically feasible; realizing that achieving a saving i_
in energy consumption may be technically more exacting but sCill cheaper
than the conatruction of new power rPsources, integrated s~rstems for the
utilization of energy must be established in selected key techr~iologies and
manufactures. _
In the future, technologies which hitherto generated low temperature waste
heat will be classified as technologies with an imperfect energy generating ~
system which will have to be improved to reduce the heat loss. Rationaliza-
tion programs for selected key technologies and manufac.*_ures must be
purposefully conceived and specify clear technological and design solutions
including implementation programs. The technologically exa~ting and far- -
reaching modernization of energy syste:ns of production technologi~s frequently
- exceeds the jurisdiction of general managements of VHJ's and can be accom-
- plished only with the cooperation of design organization, research institutes, `
equipment manufacturers, etc. The endeavor to reduce energy consumption of
products requiring high enQrgy input must not be directed only toward the -
S
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~ t~~nR n~rtr,rnt, us~ oNt,Y
' ~~bie 1. UevelopmpnC of ~nergy indicator~ in Ch~ ch~micnl induetry in
1976, 1977 ~nd l~velg planned for 19'IA (in 19~7 pr3ces) -
~o+t
I icve ~~ct~ ~ iota
eno~ etlokA n1~o~noet
yrobr a; m~~n 1A0,6b 186a~ 13a,60
- n~noet r~ru~T ps ~~�'b ~ae,ps 1f0 l 194 8
elekteletd eneRlu g~ ~ ~
. ene~eElalc~ r~bereo~oit tm~ 1~~,{1 194~6 191.45
utti.an~cn tonaov mrT~c~
~ ~ C,
trbsreooet:Akladn~oh MWh l01,T7 14f,87 109,p1
roado� olektrlolcnu d nu~j.
Koi
enerQlou
. oellco~d rpDe~enuet ~ ~mD bs/A AO,It el,t9 '
pMoe eneeylon e p~, `
bs~enoet price ~ 45.09 ~8,,1~ f t`,00
elektrlokou ecee4lou f Dna. ?
Key:
. Energy requirement of production. -
Electric pnwer requirement of production.
Energy resourcea of praduction facilitiea.
Electric power resourcee of production facilitiea.
Energy aveilability.
Electric power availability.
_ � tmp (~tone specif ic fuel)
total work
Table 2. Fuel and Energy Savings in Chemical Industry in 1976 and 1977
and Savings Planned for 1978
rok
1976 1977 1978
dspory paliv e erier~ie (tmp) a. 352,486 400,686 348,340
Key: -
n. Fuel and energy savinga (tmp).
9
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~fficiene use nf energy in the givett technnlogy bue mueC exeend to the
obeervanc~ of ~Crice ~nnnomy, including s~lecCed ~emiproductg gnd f in~.shed
~ producCs frnm fgctory eo cnneumer~
7'he comprehensive experimenC in mengging efficiency and q~allty builde
prednminently on currenC indicetors of the segee plan but it conCgina aleo
gome n~w or differently cnnceiv~d indicaeors. The principlen underlying
Che experiment deal with questione of efficiency, qua]ity c~nd output and
are predicated on the inteneificaCion of socinlise pledging and the paxtici-
pation of workers in management. ~'or r.t~ia reason t}ie main thrusC in raising
the eff iciency of the energy economy in VHJ's through the comprehenaive �
experiment is directed primnrily Coward the utilization of secondary energy
reaourc~~, reduction nf los~es, sCandnrdiz~~ttion of energy con~umpeion and
intensificaCion of an~lyses including contr,~1 ~~ctivity.
UtilizaCion of secondsry energy resources whict~ conytitute an impartant
reserve of the energy economy. Even thougt~ incrensed nttention has been
paid Chese resources in recent years, consideruble unCapped reservea exiat in _
this area. The CSSR chemical and paper industrieq ~lone expect by 1990 to ~
utilize 1,295,300 tmp waste fuels and 40.3695 P.1 (4 x 1016 J(JouleJ) waste
hegt. The balance of resources and uge of w~~ste he~t in the chemlcal and
paper industries is given in Table 3 and nf wnste fuels in Table 4. The
overall economy of production is the key issua~ tn using secondary energy
reaources. From the viewpoint of arriving ar the technologically best
solution the conce~t which viewe production installntions ns technological _
energy units not only from tMe aspect of quality bue c~lso of quuntity is the
most appropriate. ThereFOre, individual and haphazard solutions must be
replaced by thorough technical and economic analyses of given technologies
and procesaes which are viewed as technological energy units where the
proliferation of sec~:~dary energy resources is controlled ~lready in the
technological procesa with a resulting reduction of energy input.
Recoverable energy losses constitute n potential energy saving which in view
of our current tec}inic~l and economic know-}iow c~n be achieved by various
means. Malyses of energy balances for the years 1972-197~ uncovered in the
chemical and paper industries alone energy lnsses amount.ng to 750,300 tmp,
of which in this period 449~900 tmp, i.e., 59.7 pcrcent were recovered
(Table 5.) The lesson [o be learned fron this experience and also fr~m
other sectors is [hat efficiency of energy use must constantly be reevaluated
and new measures aimed at reducing energy losses planned and implemented.
/ For this reason, in fulfilling the tasks concerned witt~ energy efficiency
of the economy, the evaluation of the comprehc,nstve manapement experiment must:
--evaluate comprehensively the level of e~ncrgy use and ins[itute measures to
eliminate preventable losses. Thes~ must bc devised so that they can
aerve as the basis fur the preparatinn ~~f 9~1f!cif ic rationalization measures
for inclusion in the state reationalir.acion ~raRram for fuel and energy
consumption;
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--evalunt~ proposal~ dasigned eo rgi~e the ~ff iciency ~nd improve the
utilizaCion of ~nergy raking into accounC tha t~chnical fe~sibiliry of
ma~Cing Che specific energy requirement; Che exieting difference~ musti
b~ thorou$hiy analyzed and meChodg for reconciling Chem proposed;
--creaCe condiCion~ �or the epeedy implementation of tih~ measures adopCed
~o reduce ~he ~eve1 of prevenr~ble energy lossee.
Table 3: Sources of Waete Heat and Ite Utilizatinn (Tcal)
rok
~ QR 1i7~ ~ 1010 I if~b 1~f0
8' � ~snifcib I rTull� I alcuteA �rsnlltib ~~ll� plAoer. I~.~olkt6 ~~ll� ( pl~en~, r:e1k11 rrull� ptdnev.
~erned .vrutl.b tetnb ryulltA tufuA rrullttl lrtn6 arullti
- CEomopotro) 1197,0 14ME,4 1'tln,0 IS11,N iR/D,t 1~O~,o JLIl,Q 91N8,9 1911,] J~~1,0 J:IAN,~ 1]AS,S
plo~oh6tuln 4tlN9,4 15R1,N 11111,8 ~TY/,1 J~111,4 ~1~14,11 451~,1 I101,~ aUQl,~1 SOtlS,T uRlY,! St1n,0
f'nluhum ~t9,e JIb,A 20Y,U 4lY,1 10u,A ~l'J,4 R19,Y U:In,~ Gn7,1 1t~D,a fY,i.1 011,9
i'F'0 ~U0,0 4e1,0 1l~,9 7tl7,8 lbS,Y RJ7,~ ID0,0 1Nl,Y 11N,a nia,l 'lUl,O INI,~
~yolu ItlB~,Y 111S,A J~Y9,0 8057,1 8900,5 IAtl7,o 8973,5 tl~U2,1 eU0/,E IOilA,O YA1Y,1 , tlbtl,0
Key:
a. General management
b. ToCal
c. Exiating
, d. Recoverable
e. Actually recovered ~
Table 4: Sourcea ~na utiitZgtion of Waste Fuela in 1,000 [mp
` rok
qR 107A 1YS0 IYAS INO
rtuil� akut.E v~ult� pldn. ?ruRl� p1An. r~iAl� pldu.
a. ~ielkl~ tofnA d~ rrutlti ~sniklb lofa6 I?~utit. ~snllclb kinb ~yallt. tsnlYlb ~tod ?~ulll.
Chomonoteol 7R0,8 2RI.M 43~.1 901,3 ~04,1 21:t,0 ~1~,0 SOY,6 9Y0,~ 1~1,1 117.4 111.0
Niorch6rul~ 18,0 bs.l 3P,D 19~,1 115,4 a1,1 171,0 181,1 IOa,o 490,Y 917,T IL7,~
UnicUcm ~5,0 5~,4 40,9 ~7,J ~I,T R7,~ A1,6 b8,1 b/,9 P4,8 ae,9 ee,o
1'['O 109,1 R00,~ 149,0 985,0 954.r ~ee,0 444~~ 999,1 IYJ.n l11,i 9T~,0 448.8
lflu~oepo 81,1 13,9 ~3,9 1SY,8 1~1,a 111.8 SOT,1 ~~l,e ~/1,8 ~09,1 7S1,9 s~7.9
~polu b. ES7,6 bla,9 488,9 878,1 15~,~ 704,8 11~4,9 10Y~,T 995,9 ~ ~lb,l~ 1~01,0 Ob,~
Key:
a. General management
b. Total
c. Existing
d. Recoverable
e. Actually re..overed
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Tabl~ 5~ B~lence nf Recoverable Energy Lo~see in Chemicgl Ynduetry for
1972--1976 in Cmp
, ~AAei, od~tnniktnieh ener~eelolc~oh ~tN~ g~ i loho re~Il~o~nMM b X, m~lirovnn~oh t
eok ~0ti ' odetwnllaln~oA
~1UT4�-f078 IDtB eDolu fOTR-1976 1098 ehulu . eln1E
A97 1l0 1 l 900 ?89 310 81D 180 180 180 4/0 Y10 bJ~TU
Key:
g. 5um of recoverable energy ings~s
b. Of this recovered
c. Percentage of recovered preventable losses
d. Total
Standardisation of energy consumpCion which can serve to raiae efficiency
of energy uae also by meana of scientifically based energy consumption
standards which conatitute one of the base daCe for the purposeful rationali-
zation of fuel and energy consumption. The stgte raticnalization program
for fuel and energy conaumption for the Sixth Five-Ye~r Plan calls in Pnint
~ II/4 for the gradual introduction and a~.ccification of technically attainable
standarda for selected technologies ~tnd producCs requiring a very high input
of energy, For this reason atandarditation of energy conaumption in the ~
comprehensive experiment in managing eff iciency and quality m~st be considered -
as:
--one of the basic requirements of the rational use of energy, of reducing
J the energy ~nd actual material requirement, especially in induetrial
sectore requiring a high input of energy.
--part of technical and economic standarda which together constitute the
necessary prerequisite for economically efficient production; '
--a cnnsistent proceas in improving production management and creating
conditions for the control and maintenance of technological discipline;
--one of the management tools of the energy economy used at all energy con-
version levels;
--a tool of technologists and power engineers for eEficient use of energy
in production.
Intensification of ana.lyses Af the energy economy und control activity. Tt~~~
state rationalization program for fuel and energy consumption approved fQr
the Sixth Five-Year Plan calls in �oint II/3.b for an annual preparation of -
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gnglyses of the energy economy beginning wiCh 1977 nnd for ~pecif ying pnteneial
reducCions of energy logses ~n order t~ reduce fuel ~nd energy consumption
Co n minimurq~ Analy~~~ df energy economy and c:onCrdl nct~.viCy mueC aim at n
~y~e~mnCi~ improvement oE energy effic3ency in Che en~rgy economy end
~p~Clficnlly ~C:
--~pplying and me~Cittg ~pprnved fupl gnd energy consumption etand~rd$ as an
ob~eceively neces~nry pr~requisiCe for the evnlugtic~n o� ~conomy and ehe
mgin~enance of eechnological dincipllne;
--the purposeful implemenraCion of taske arising from en analyeis of recover-
~ble energy loe~es and Ch~ utilization of waet~ fu~ls and heat serving �or
ehe reevaluatinn of fuel end en~rgy effici~ncy and for the plantting and
implanentation of new measurea ro reduce energy losgas;
--fulf i111ng the tasks of the atate rationalization program for fuel and
energy consumpCion in accord with principles governing the adopted anergy -
policy;
--evaluating the efficiency of pow~er production resources with the view of
improving their operation as best possible;
--essesaing the impact of aocialist pledging and material incentives on the
fulfillment of tasks of Che atate rationa].ization progrcun for fuel and
energy consumption, etc~
The evaluation of the principlea of the compreheneive experiment in managing
eEficiency and quality must also be viewed as an aid in the detection of
reserves, the fight against ahortcomings, lack of thrift, waste and shoddy
work and in improving man~~gement work in the enexgy economy. The successful
mastery of the comprehensive experiment is predicaCed on a reaponaible and
ambitious approach of management workera to raising th~ eff iciency of the
energy economy. Efficient utilization of power and the reduction of ita
consumption per unit of social product will become a permanent factor in
raising the efficiency of the national economy only when the implementation
of the tasks of the state rationalization program for fuel and energy
consumption is Eully mastered and strict economy in energy conaumption is
effectively maintained. For this reason the implementation of the compre-
hensive experiment in ~elected VHJ's and organizationa muet at the eame time
be accompanied by the adoption of specific measures and a rise in the
standard of the energy economy which will contribute to the fulfillment of
thc tasks of the Sixth Five-Year Plan even beyond their planned level.
Summary -
The ~r[icle enlarges on the principles of mnnaging the energy economy during
the evaluation of the comprehensive experiment in managing selected VHJ's
and organizations. The resul::s achieved in assuring high efficiency of the
energy economy in the chemical industry are critically analyzed and new
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appro~che~ ~nd prnpn~ule derived from th~ fulfillm~nr of the taekg of the
~Cate rae~.onaliz~einn progr~m for �uel and energy coneumption~ Che ueiliz~-
Cion of eecondary energy resourcee, th~ r~cnvery df prev~nCgble loe~ee of
energy, from standardizaeion and th~ inCroducCion o� energy con~umption
gngiyg~~ ~nd Che conerol of the en~rgy economy ere adv~nced~
COPYRIGHT: SNTL - NekladaCel~tvi tiechnick~ liCeraeury n.p~ 1978
8664
CSO: 2400 ~Np
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