JPRS ID: 8375 TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100040011-4
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• Document Page Count: 37
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~ FOUO N0. 628

' S APR I L i9~9 , . i OF i.
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JPRS L/8375
5 Apri]. 19?79
~ ~ ~
TRANSlATIONS ON SUg-SAHARAN AFRICA
FOUO No, 628
U. S. JOINT PUBLiCATiONS RESEARCH SERVICE
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JPRS L/8375
5 April 1979
- TRANSLATIOIVS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRI CA
FOUO No. 628
CONTENTS PAGF E
INT~R-AFEtICAN AFFAIttS
Africa Realizes Ineffectiveness of One-Party Syatems
(Siradiou Diallo; J~UNE AFRIQUE, 21 Feb 79) 1
~t.F-Aquitaine Projects in Africa
(MARCIi~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 16 ~eb 79) 3 -
Brief s
French Fear Unrest g
EDF Financing 6
Consider Break With PRC 6
AhGOLA
UNTA Labor Role, Ob~ectives Analyzed
(Augusta Conchiglia; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 5 Mar 79) 7
CE:7TRAL ArRICAV E~IRE
Briefa
Diamond, Precious Stones Regult?tions 10
'Cotton Ginning Plant 10
Roads Fund 10
Direct Flight to Gabon 1~
CHAD `
~rench Imperialism Believed To Be Cause. of Clashes
(Man Gue; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 5-18 Mar 79) 11
- a- [III - NE & A- 122 FOUOj
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CONT~N'C5 (ConCinued) pnge -
~
~QUATORIAL GUIN~l1
Briefs
African Uevelopment Bank Loan 14
GABON
Recommendations nn Agriculture of PD~ Congress Listed
(MARCH~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITEItRAN~ENS, Q Feb 79) 15
Briefa
, Belinga Iron Ore Reserves 16
GUINEA
bistricC Farms To Be Established for Modernizing Agriculture
(AFRIQUE-ASIE, 5 Mar 79) 17
LIBERIA
Briefs
President's French Visit Scheduled 18
French Reciprocal Investment Agreement 18
MAI.I
I'etroleum, Mineral Resources Attract Investors
(Mohamed Mai~a; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 14 Feb 79) 19
}3riefs _
~ Probable Uranium, Oil Deposits 21
R~fODESIA
Private Armies, Mercenaries Compound Confusion in Rhodesia ~
(Various sources, 14, 5 Feb 79) 22
Crowth of Private Armies, by Francois Soudan -
Mercenaries Reported by OAU
Briefs
Mercenaries lt~cruited 25
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CONTCNTS (Continu~d) Page
SAn 7'OML ANU PttINCiPI:
lleCails on InternaCiougl French Aseistance Provided -
(MAltCH~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANE~NS, 9 Feb 79) 26
ZAIRC
Nation Said To Have More Uebte Than Any Black African CounCry
- (~ranctaco Verg~r;~; .*EUNE AFItIQUE~ 21 Feb 79) 27
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~N'1`I~:I~-Al~ KICAN AFFAIRS
~
ArRICA i21~;ALI'I,I~:S IN'r:FP'~CTIV~NLSS OP` ON~-pA(?'fY SYS;'L:rIS
~
Y~ris Jh;UNI~; AFRIQUE in I~`r~nch 21 Feb 79 P 70
[Articlc~ by Siradiou Diallo: "The Worm Is in the Fruit"]
['1'ext ~ Africn tinci become accuatome+d to a system of elections
witti;~ut yurprises: "CAndidates" ~a~ipointed by the authorities
in ~accordnnce with critoria that were often quite irrational,
_ winnF~rs of plebiscites with scores close to 100 pQrcent~ chosen -
_ by n pr~!'abricated electoral body, politically badly educated~
insulficiently informed r~nd completely "~nesthetizvd." This
system is aimed ~t making the people, who are so much spoken of
in ot'ficial speeches, into absolutely nothin~; in actual fact;
for it is the chief who is everythfn~. The results the pcople
beccne less and less interested in public affairs~ whereas the
lea,;�sr floats in the splendid isolation of h3s authority~ at
tlie rislc of sinkin~ into the general lethargy at the slightest
impar,t. � ,
Nna,�ly :'.0 ye~rs oJ' this solitary exercise of power have motiva-
tecl certsain leaders here and ther~, it appears, to cast a
thou~;litful ~lance at their actions and to think about emergin~
!'rorn this cocoon, which, though wAlled with ~ilk, remains a
i'ra~;i 1~ ~nd even ~17n~;erous habitat. Thus on ~ February~ the
mect.inr; of' ttie central committee of the Congolese Labor Party
( tl~~~ sc~.l~: politicAl party) awak~ned a proi'ound ~nd Zengthy demo-
~:ratic ciebatc. The debate terminated with the defeat of' the
lica~l oi' str~te, General Yhombi O~an~o, by his challsnger, Colonel
1)enis Sc~ssou N~uesso. A c~apital event in the political matur~a-
tion ~rocess of' the nations of our� ~ontiiient. For th~s was the
J'irst time in the history o!' Africa that an incumbent president
ws~s clramatic~?lly removcd from officc by a re~,~ular vote of his
p~rty.
flui to bc set~n in its f'ull si~niificance, the Con~olese affair
mi~st bc� compnrcd w.itti similar happenings elsewhore. Thus at the
~:ncl oF .)f~nunt�y, tfie convention of the Gabonese Democratic Party
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ro~t o~rcr~ u~E om~Y '
E;nvc rise to critical debAtes thAt became pnrticulr~rly bitter
at timos. And the metnbers of the pttrty~a centr~al committee wero
- ultimntely chosen i'rom ~mon~; ~~roup of sevorel cand3dates.
At tlia ~r~iue tima, th~~ %nirinn deputios were ~;ivin~; onc ~iiothcr
stroii~ sl~;nAls in tlte i'orm of peremptury questions and hs~rsh
_ criticism directed r~~;ainst Govc~rnment officials. 1`hay evon went
so i'r~r as to re~ect tho bud~et proposral presented by the latter.
Cominr; ~f~er ~he multip~artite Qxperiences of 5ene~al, Upper Vo1-
to ~anci c:~+mbi~, and especiAlly al'ter the announcement of the im-
min~:nt sit;n-ovc~r ot' rower to thr. civil sector in Ghana and Ni~e- _
ria, t1i~ ~roce9s o.f' democratizE~ti~n is provin~; to be irreversible.
7t i9 ovon tenciir~~; to Uecome A faah~onaUle phenom~non~ ~ust as
was the 9~.11[;lo-party systom ~t the beGinnir?~; of the sixties. ~
Of' courso, t}le ~c~vocfltes o!' ttxe sin~l~ party will not allow them-
qelvc~s~ wlthout n stru~t;le~ to be dei~rived of the fruit on wh3ch
they tiave been nibblin~ for what will soon be 20 years. But there
is no lonf;er ~riy doubt that hencefortti they will be on the defen-
eive, whereas the p~rtisana of the domocr~tic conf'ront~tion of
ide~s ~nd options have a favor~ble wind behind them. Of course~
the stru~~;le will continue for several more years; but w3th the
- ir~creasingly involved economic difficulties faced by the n~tions _
of A!'ric~, it is cert~in that the time of resi~nation to the sta-
tus ~uo is over, ancj that in AfricA, too, we ~re on the eve of
{;reat aocio-political upher~vals. On the outcc:ne of this confron-
tation depends both the future of the continent and the outlook
of its people, who are more than ever enamored of democracy and
~oci~l justice.
C01'YltIG1IT: Jeurie AI'ri~ue G12UPJIA 1979
,`3117
CSO: 11~100
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~ IMT~R-AP'RYC~N AFFAIAS
SY1+'-AQIYITAYIia PROJ~CT9 IN AP'RICA
Paris MA.rC~ TROPICAUX ~T l~DIT~RItAN~NS in Frsnah 16 Feb 79 p 438 ~
[Tsxt] In spit?~ of a considersbls de~rsa~ss in ita total voluN of in- -
wetaonta an~d bank finanoing, th~ ~LF-Aquitain~ K~tio~al Co~ps~q (9NtA)
!us pls~d ~ African oasd in a d~cisiw way dnring 19?9,
N~arl~ otu quarE~r t.h~ ~ron ~ a"ncplorstion" budg~t (~2 ~i11loA fseace ~
au~ of a total rof 2.15 billion~ haa bNn sp~nt in black Afacic~ (as appc?esd
te 30 p~ra~nt iw F's+ancs aad lCuttip~). Ths aoqnisitien oi a nu~~r of ~x-
ploration p~raita (Saaiuding thr~~ in lfigsr, two in 19a1i~ at~d o~w in
9~t~ga1) haa apsned nsM p~rsp~ativee. In ~ddition~ tM discevAr~ ot hydro-
oarbQna in Cabon aad saothsr s~eller fin! in Nig~ris ~1ong xith n~r in-
dications ot gaa in Ca~erpon hars stiiulstecl th~ national c~patU~s
activitis'.
Redis~rinrg 1978 o~srations for ths p~re on 31 Janusrq 19?9~ !tr Albin
ChalaadOn, chal~sa Of th~ gs~o~up~ a0ntlts~d thls "sup~u~al~n ps11a~ 1~
Afrioa's grsen b~lt. Ms ars b~ttin6 oa this contiwnt's ibtnio in p~troleu:a~
_ Ths Na~orit~ of aur oil is prod~oed th~~ aad ~n asr goi~ t,o d~~nlap our
aotivities ia th~ Culf o! Guitwa, Sa Ifig~ria ss !ar ar th~ Conao, aad �oon
in An6ola. At the eus tir Iw add~d, "~n asu ~ugag~d in 4,h~ int~rier
�~otions of Ai~-~oa~ Msurit,ania~ Gaabis~ ar~d Ghed, rit?~ prosp~ct~ for n~w
~xplors~.tion p~raits. "
bLF-Aquitain~ h~?a gr~at ho~p~s fer North Afsica, ll~gotiations alr~ady nad~~
x~?y xith Algrria ~s, b~ ooncluQ~d this riar, Curr~nt ~itorts in Morooco xill
Z� stspp~d up. Tt:~ onl~ qu~stion is xhat xill b~ the rspsrcnssions oi tri~
bozd~r dispat~ bst~n ~aisit a~d LibJa.
Anothsr SIf1~A innavation duriwg 19')8 waa th~ s~ttin~ u~ ot a Nr~ sr4~~atia
ltract~ eschani~� xith I(i~Ma knoxn ae "ca~psnsator~ purctw~s." Thie s~rrte~~
_ lavozrd b~ th~ lhc~snch ainietrr of indwtr~?~ imro2ws ~occhangiag prodnctisn
and p~trol~tu pnrchaa~e froa ths Third Morld c~ttriea for sa1~s K Fitinoh
vuat~Mals ~ t~,chnolo~r~ an! e~rrio~s. ?h~ agzssMnt, xhiah will bs slgnsd la
LSos, aak~a particulsr provision tor participation b~r othsr lh~nch
indiastis~a in additi~n to th~ pstrol~u~ indnstty.
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_ The fslloxing ie a~c~soapitulation ~f ~Ehe 1978 r~por~E e~nd prosp~cte for the
a~nt ~+su for explore?tion (petroleum e~nd min~ral) ar~t produe~ion~ by
cou~i;ry~
North Afr.i~a
In Sgypt the North Alexandria offshore exploration permit haa reaulted in
txo discoveMee of oo~deneed gas. Caa has been found also in L1bya. Tn
R~nieia d~velopment xork ie continuit~g on the Aahtart depoeit. In addition~
an agreement xent into effect on 6 February 1978 bot?+een the g~verrusnt of
Tunieia and the Tunisiati PetrolAUm Activitise S'nterpriae (I'sTAP) on the one
_ hand s~d Sk1~A on ths Athsr. Is"fAP thue acqu3red a 50 psrcen~ intereet in ths
ps~it to sxplor~ ths Culf of Cabea and in the Aahtart oonaseaion. Aleo~ `
Serspt has bsen oonvar,Eed into a Franco-~nielan pdz~tnership fer ov~r-
sssing Mor3c relstsd to all of SI~A~a sxploration psr~ita in Zlusisis. _
Blaok Africa
In Csbon the dealin~ in the groupa Gaboneae prn3uction haa bsgun ta appsar~
9.1 million tona in 19'J8 oon~psr~d to 9.7 ,illion tons in 19~'T7. FroA bl
~illion aubio aetera in 19?') the produation oi gas haa isll~n to 56 eillion
in 197~ [eia]. N~vertheleea~ 9N~A-ELP' Ge~bon~e oversll exploration sffoz~s
_ have been Aaintalwd at a high~r lsv~l t.har? in .19'~'7. Ths aining e~ctor
haa inoreaeed ite aotivitise thaalc~ te the acquisitiort oi nsx per~ita~
partiaulsrly the P~gard p~~it~ snd by ths obtaining of eidditi~nsl .
_ psrt~oipe~tion in rsgiona of south ~a?bon at~d I,ibr~vglls which a~t+s ~udged
_ to be partioularly interes~ing. A tsst bore at the a~all oc~sn iisld of
Balieta hae coafi~ed th~ aospa~r~e int,ersati it la planned to place it
in opesstion in Mlsy of 1980.
In the Cot~go exploration ot the e~a ha~a rseuasd. Drilling at the Madingo
p~r~it has rswaled the pr~asnce o! gae. Prodnction st the ~~srsude deposit
haa rieen to 1.4 Aillion tons and it,a previoue dsclin~ haa bssn atabilis~d.
_ Devele~p~snt of ths Loa,r~go deposit !e sl~oat ao~gletet iro~ 1 aflli~n tons la
19?8, it is e~cpsct,ed tha~ production xill rsach 1.5 aillivn in 19?9. Production
. at the I,ikousla deposit ehould bsgin towssd ths ~iddl~ of 1980.
, In Ca~eroon~ 20 drillinga hsve confired auepsctsd petroleu~ aad gaa depoeita
at the Rio del Rey pera~it ar~d, to s l~sssr extent~ at the Lok~Is psrait.
_ Production dt Ekoundou-3muth bsgan laat Octobsr. The bed at Bstika should
bs plsc~d in produotion thio sonth ani ths on~ at Kols eoon aft~r. Also,
a.drilling platfor~ xill bs installed at KoAbo. Produotion in 1978 ~ on
the order oi 0.6 aillion tons.
In Nigsria, ~'LF'-Nigeria haa sade an of. fehors diecov~ry at the Otao 3ou~.h 1
drilling eit~. Production in 1978 ra~s to 3.4 sillion tons of civdi including
1.9 million to~a producsd by ite parttrr the National Nigeriau Pstroleum
Conrpany NNNPC). ~LA'-Nig~ris tw~dlsd the Rartcsting of sll of this produation
a~ x~ll aa an additional 1~illion tona bought back by NNPC. produati4n
shauld b~gin to fall th~e Tear.
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Other Hbcplosxti.obe in Blaok A~rioa
In MdYi an agr~enent ha~ besn �igned givit~g Sh~A a 50 peraent iat~xsst in~
the Cao pex~it. Zwc othsr psr~ite have b~ea graat,sd (Maci~s, at~d Ar~ouans)~
Drilling at Aneongo heue ~uet b~gun.
In Ni.gex ~hree pera~ito (Meat ~tiger~ Bilss~ euxt Maaga) Nore aa~ign~d last
Novenber~
Th~ signing of an agrsesent xith S~~ege~,1 on 9,1an,u~r~, 1978 he~e reeultred itt ~
- an expleration p~r~eit for the Diourb~l ou~d Ziguinohor rsgiowa.
The teat bor~ at 9imbs in Ks~ya ~an complst,~d on 19 March 19'l8 ~ithout
rsaults. On the othsr hsnd, ~LF~9o~1is hae aanouno~d itu in4.rntien to
x~turn ~hs ncplorstion psrn~t,~ thst it holda ~Raa Binah and Kialeayo). Yn
the 3eychellss ~~N~A has ai,~quityd a x5 perant intsr~st in an oiganication
inveetigating five offehor~ blo~ka.
- 9au~hern Afriaa
Ir :ie?~ibia~ prosisir~g r~eulta haw b~~n obtainsd at Au6eiru?nie a?nd T1,it~
xith~a tutal potential or 6~00o tons of arsniu~ 308. The quuntitiss ars
eaa11 but th~ conditione foY sinit~g favore?bl~.
In ths South Alrioan Hspublia, vrher~ ~LF-Aguitaln~ is aaaociatsd Kith A,irican
9eleotion Tiwst ~cpl~re~tion and Dt+~essr Ninsrals Iut~rnatiattia,l Ina ~ a eull ~
depoait of block eulphur xith high cona~ntra,tions of siac ewd �il~r+sr has
besn diecovsrsd.
COPYRIGHTe Rerre Moreux et Cie~ Paria~ 19'r9
77?9
C30~ 4400
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~NTP;R- A1~'1'tICAN AI~~~'Ar ItS
- Rczxi~;rs
I~~RLNUIi I~'1:AIt UN[tLST--The rise of a new axis of destabillzation
- in Afr:tca, extenclin~; from Addis Abeb~ to I3razzaville~ where the
pro-:~oviot forces seem to be assertin~ their power, is feared
in t~rQnch diplomc~tic ciralea. Detween the two "red" capitals
' lies a vast re~;ion o.f diaturbance: Chad, the Central African Lm-
~~ire, %aire and Suc~an. 7n the c~ase of the latter~ France espe-
- c3~lly fc:Ars the action of. tha communists anc] the separAtists
(in the soutliorn �rt of the cour?try~, wlio en~joy t~~e support of '
th~ 1~:thiopians. ~[Text] [I'aris JLUNL AI'ItIQUI; in French ~1 FQb
79 p ] 81 ~7 ~ ~
$DF ~'INANCIIaG--iiithin the fraaexork of the ACP/~SA ~A.frican, Caribbean and ~
Pacific Cou~atriea~Surapsan ~conomic Couunft~] I,a~e agrsem~nt~ ths bwrapema
D~velo~ent P~nda Couitt~ har~ ~uet given ite approval for ths finae?oit~g
- of ttae following s~msn pro~ecta~ Malax~~ graata oi ?.9 nillion eurap~an
poa~tazar uaita ior the svru]. cYsvslapMnt prograa e~ud 2.3 ~illion !or road
oonstivctio~n~ Botswa~s~ a gre~ut oT 1.835 sillion unite ?or a d~rrioe to
b~nsiit liv~atook oxners in f.hs ao~unal ~onse~ Sxa$i~aad~ ~=snts et 2.5
aillion unita for ths Nhlbngo ao~sal sahoolt Nigert a gxant of 2.1 ~illion
units for esoon~ary gensral sducation sohoola in Kolo. Loga~ aad Ma~darowoga=
Ca~seroon~ a grant of 2.5 ~illion uaite for the squipping of eix oolleg~e ~
- snd induatrial technicel inatzvetion~ 5? crsft aeotiona and 35 do~eetie
- ecienee aeatiows~ Zembia~ 4.55 ~illion ior a lot~g ter~ tre~ining progrea
(19?6-1980).[Tsxt~ [Paria HARCH83 TRO~PICAUX ET M~DITTRRAN~liS in k'rsnch
16 Feb 79 p 432] 7779
~ CONSIDER BREAK WITH PRC-~-Consultations hlve begun among certain nonalined
AErican countries with n view to suspending their diplomatic relations with
China iE the latter continues its aggression against Vietnam. "The time has
come~" an African hend of atate has cabled some of his colleages, "to en-
visage tak'n~ reprisal measures againsr a power which claims to be a member
of the third world but which pursues a military superpower policy...." [Text] ~
[Pnris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 5-18 Mar 79 p 50 LDj -
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ANGOLA
UNTA LABOR ROLE, OBJECTIVES ANALYZED
Paria AFRIQUF. - ASIE in i'rench 5 Mar 79 pp 22, ?.3 _
[Article by Augusta Conc~?iglia: "Let the I+lorkers Speak"] _
[TextJ TY~,e new UNTA (National Union of Workers of Angola] leadership is
accomplishtng a twofold task: defending the worl;ers' interesrs and, ubove
all, awake,~ina *heir political awareness. -
With the ob~ect of restrucruring and democratizing the cauntry, Che Assem-
bly elected by the Angolan people will, in the near tuture, replace Che
Revolutionary Council. It is within this same framework thar the organi- -
zation (already well advanced) of the Angolan union, the UNTA, is pro-
ceeding. The UNTA will be responsible for "the po~.itic~l guaranty of ttie
rights of all the Angolan workers."
All those who work, whether or n4t they belong to the MPLA [Popular Move-
ment for the Liberation of Angola], can (and must) belong to this labor
_ organization, which will include several professional branches. In fact,
at the October 1978 meeting, PresidenC Agostinho Neto declared, "The labor
- organizations must voice not only the desires and viewpoints of the MPLA
membership. The workers will be able to discuss and ~udge freely the
decisions of the party, so thaC the latter will not have too theoretical
_ and purely formal a view of the practical problema that arise at the base."
The 500,000 Angolan wage-earners will Chus all be represented next M~1y, in
the capital and in the provinces, by 10 elected union commissions, e~:.h
coverin~ a specific sector: agric.ilture, coffee, construction, health,
public administration and services, heavy industry, light industry, food
industry, fishing, education and culture, and socinl matters.
- Since a large number of enterprises are already nationalized (and thcre
will be many more) and since the state has chosen the socialist way, the
leaders of the UNTA will be able to take part in the meetings of the high-
- est orgar.s of the executive app~r,3tus: the Secret Council of Ministers and
7
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~nx n~~ici~, us~ oxi.Y
thp RevoluCitin~ry Cnuncil. There they will expregg the ~nncern~ gnd ~g-
pirationa of the workera and aee to it that the legal norms regarding
wageg, working cdnditic~ng dnd prnduction ~re respected.
~'he UN~'A in the prncess of nrganiz~tian had, during the restructurgCion
which w~g to neutr~lixe the fractiongli~~..,, alre~dy requegted ~ ehgnge
in its relatinnghip td the gt~te, yo that itg different branches would
no longer app~ar simply "as an appendix of each ministry." The frac- r
CiondllgCg had w~tered down the role of che uninns, likening it Co that
of ~overnment adminiaeretive organ~~ ~:hich edngtrain~d the dp~ration df
c~rt~in ent~rpri~e~. To cle~rly di~tinguigh iteelf from the gtat~ and
ageure its economic indep~ndence, the L'!rTA collecte duea from alI workers
equal to 1 pprcent of their wages.
Produce More
As a result~ the UNTA will be able to finance ~11 its activities, and
esppci~lly th~ ~ducatibn and training of b~sic cadres.
Thus strengtheued a,nd reorgatiized, the UNTA (whose leaderghip is 85 per-
cene workers from productive gectors and whose membership cannot include
any government employee) ia beginning to implement the law of July 1977
on the administration of etate enterprises, which provides for compulgory
unionization of che workers. When unionizgtion succeeds--Which ig not
always the case--the results are t~ore than satisfactory.
Thus, the Luanda textile fa~tory (the TextanY), which employs 1,200
workerx, is producing at the same level today as before the War. When
an enterprise cannot maintain ite productive level, the causes of its
malfunctinn can, a: the very least, be determined (low wages, onerous
working condition~~ indiscipline, etc.) and an effort made to remedy them.
The distributivn of sta~les and essential goods in production cen[ers
still poses an urgent problem uhich che new UNTA leadership is determined
to resolve by opening or reopenfng cooperatives, run by the workers and -
Which will receive b5 percent of the stocks available to the Minis[ry of
Commerce as regards clothinF and :~ousehold electrical appliances. As for
foodstuffs, t~~e supply, Which is scill irregular and inadequate, Will be
maintained by the state warehouses and supervised by the UNTA. On coffee
plantations, which em~loy 98 percent of the aRricul[ural ~+ork force. a
distribu[ion is already in operation.
Ati regardS ttie sacfal in~ustlces that st!ll exist ("I note," said Agostinho
Neto durin~ a neetinp, in Cabinda~ "that a skilled uorkcr earns less than
u stenoKr~~pher. Ttia[ i~ in~dmisslble."', the~ arr already the concern of
~ UN1'A rommisA�on which is recort~ending to the I.:sbc~r Kinistry the solutions
advornt~d hy [he presidenc: "Favor those who pr~duce the coun[ry's wealth =
nnd ~et rid of the privileqed ones of the patasitic sectoc." Much remains
tn h~ dune in this domain~ and to resolve che problems i[ aill not be -
sufficient to simply increase wages. That, on the contrary, would give
rise to an infla[ion which vould benefit [tie speculators. What is needed -
is to produce more. 8
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~ox o~~tcia~. us~ nxr.Y
Th~ UNT/~. (,jnined t~ Ch~ rx~rcy~, Hince P~~e~.~l Luvuelu, member of the pnli-
tic.xl burcau, wgb elec~t~d td the new 12aderehip) muae th~refdre ~CCOmpligh
thr tWnfc~ld enak nf pr~Cecting the intere~t~ df ~he workere ~nd d~vr~loping ~
rn~tei~:nl nwnr~need r~monq them ~uCh th~t thpy wi11 dedicgte th~m~elve~
tn the nntiunnl recc~nE~trur.t lnn.
`I'hi~ s~cond tggk ie neither the l~~~t impartant nor th~ l~aet urgpnt.
Pregid~nt Netd him~elf hn~ gaid it: "To achi~ve the ~oeialiet ob3eceive,
the lnbor organizationg mu~t fulfill an educgtional role of enormoug
importanc~." And he added: "50 long ~g there remain in our counCry
snci~list gs well as cgpttaliat pnterprises~ go long gs there gubsist
privat~ production epr.tnrg~ so long as th~re rernaine coll~ctivizgtion to
be accomplished, particularly in the fielde, it is absolutely e~sentinl,
it ie vit~l that Angol~n workerg be imbupd with the gdvantagee ~nd the
nec~gsiry of socigliem."
It is up to the UNTA to fulfill thi~ miesion.
COPYI2IGHT: 1979 Afrique-Asie
9399
~ CSO: 4400
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~dk n~rrc:rni, u5~ r~N?,~~
C~NTItAL A~ItiCAN ~MYIR~
BRIEFS
DIAMOND, PIt~CIOUS 5'TON~S R~GULATIONS--$y 1~mperial derre~ of 24 January 79,
it ia forbidden that managers and directore of diamond purchasing a~encies
g~ll nr purchase gold or prer.ious stonea outside of their officially recog-
nized office. ~iolatore rigk a fine of 50 to 500 million CFA francs and
confiacAtion of the etonea figuring in the transaction. The secret sale
of diamonds wae one of the main reproaches made by Emperor Bokassa I to
the Lebanese nationals. In addiCion, by decreee of 9 January 79, the Yangou-
Uiamant company was auChorized to open an office in Bangui for the purchase
of precious etones. LText/ %Paris MARCHES TROp2CAUX ET MEDIT~RRANPENS in
French 9 Feb 19 p 321/ 9171
COTTON CINNING PLANT--In Bambari, on 14 Janugry, while touring Ouaka~
Dr Abdoul, Central African EmFire minister of agriculturc, inau~uraCed a
new cotton ginning plant of the UCCA LCentral African F.mpire Cotton Union/.
This plant, costing the UCCA 180 million CEA francs, will be able to treat
25,000 metric tone of cotton seed annually_ %Text/ %Paris MARCi~ES TROPICAU?.;
ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 9 Feb 79 p 327/ 9171
ROAD5 FUNb--A coi~tribution t~ the Road Maintenance Fund was established by
ordinance on 9 January 19. This contribution will be levied on fuel sales
and deposited in a bank account by Centra-Hydro. At the money-lender's
mee[ing on roed maintenance. t~eld at Bangui in April 1977, it was foreseen
that the Central African government Would form a Road Maintenance Fund of
S00 nillion CFA franca. Up to noa, this fund has not been financed due to
lack of available Eunds in the 'Treasury. LText/ /Paris MARCHES TROPI'CAUX
ET M~DITERRANEENS in French 9~eb 79 p 327/ 9171
DIRECT Pi.iGHT TO GABON--A direct flight to Gabon Wae opened 13 January b}�
CENTRAFRICAIR. CE:ITRAFRICAIR c;ill guarnatee this flight earh ~reekend a~,~
will give preferential rates to travelers making a raund trip during the
, weekened. The opening of this line was decided at the occasion of Marshal
Bokassa's visit to Gabon in October 1976. /Text/ /Paris MARCliES TROPICAUX
ET FtEDITERitANE~NS in French 9~'eb 79 p 327/ 9171
CSO: 44U0
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C}iAD
� FR~t:r,ti iMP~RiALi^~t Rr;i,t~ V; D TO BC CA~r~;i, OF CLASM:S
- Pari~ A1~'Ii?f~11C-A~?E in ~'rench 5-lA M~r 79 PP 21
~rtScle by Man r,~~r_7
~cxt7 Ar~ xe hea~led toxard a partftionin~ of the country ~n acc~ordance with
thP Wf r,has of the ~lysee?
After the murderou~ confrontations xhich broW_r,ht N'D,iamena to thc~ point of fire
and blood tn Febrvarv~ anxiat,y pergists in Chad~ xhere peope liv~ xith the ob-
seEr,fon of a recumption or extenaion of hoatilitiea.
Th~ ilabre-Malloum vperation~ xhich commentators degcribe as rPle~rant to oppo-
sition betrreen the MoRlem people of the North and the animist pec~ple of the
South~ contains a much deeper aignificance~ xhich~ to be sure~ e~'forts are be-
in~q made to hide. The fact i~ that the interests at stake are tno important
and France's role too decisive in order for the car~s not to be rahuff].ed b,y -
every means pos~ible.
Noxever, the general polttical cr~sic xhich Chadian society is euperiencin~ and
the variou~ Attempt~ to Balkanize it are f~ir from beinn; satisfia~l by a brief
anal,y;:i.^, mtsreprr~3entind the ~'acts and reducino them to a hatred amon~; peoples
xho~c coexistence xould be made pos~ible only by French presence.
The imcierlyinr? cau~e~ of the lon~ crisiR rplittin~ Chgd mu~t be i:ouFht beyond
imrx~~tate appAaranceR fn the ;?eneral process of the penetration ~~f Freneh im-
per.talir,m 1.nto thir country. The sad spectacle presPnted by the 1J'D~iamena con- ~
_ flictr.~ encoura,qed by Parts~ cAnnot be understood by passing ove~c this realtty
in ~llence.
In fACt~ colonization and then the fornal independence of the 19~i0's have led
to un~~ual b,it ,ioint devPlopnent of th~ country�s various region~:~ thus causinr
a char.qe ~n the socio-economic structures of certain re~ions xhile permittin~
othery to continue to function xith outmode~ structures.
This contradiction~ srhich be~an as early a~ 192h uith the introde~ction of
forcA~l c~tton plantin~~ ~zmitted the emerpence of capitalist re'lations in the
rrhol~ of thc cotton arrn~~ and, at the same tine~ Lhat of a local political
11
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C1a88. It ~s in thase areaa that industries are installed (half of th~m bein~;
located ! n 1"D~amene~) providin~; foY~ the processin~~ of the cotton ~nd replacin~
form~r imports of foodstuffs.
2n other ar.eas~ wherr~ the n~ople tradttionally practice nomadic stock breedinp~
colonialism Nas cent~nt to t~ke a share of the ~tock witho�t makinp, an effort
to in~tall any kind of infrastructure. This i~ true to the extent that social
rel~tions did not undQrt;o any ap;~rcciabte ~hanga. The problem is 8ti11 more
appax~ nt ~n an area like the P.~.T.* xho~e econort~y is limited to the production
of c~ater~~ ~alt and natron and the raisin~ of a~oats and caMela.
1t 1.^, thi~ aituation of structurgl imbalance~ Nh~ch took place at the time of _
colonization and whfch still ~oint~ on~ that son~r observers describe as,op- -
po~aition betrtoen th~ ttorth--includinp all of the xreas havinE; precapitalist
rtr~~cti~rW ~--arn~ thc~ "outh~ which produces the cotton.
Gn the poli+.ical level~ this imperiali~t division of xork resulted in 1960 in
h:~ndtn~; the central poxer over ta th~ orieinal political class of the cotton-
rai::S nr* areag. In this manner~ ~'rance xas hopintr to muz~le the ~rouin~ an~*er
of the ~a~ants~ Who had been promised the elimination of forced labor on the
cotton plantations. At the ~ame time~ the minor economic importance the other
re~l~n~ hcld for the France of that era resulted in the absence of any strong
a1~3ance t~etxeen the feudality of those regions and the political class of the
~ cotton-raisin~; areas.
This fact was illustrated by the political crisis the country uas destined to
exp~rience at that time. Tn fact~ from l~idarch 195~ to 23 AuPUSt 19Fi2 there
xere eir,ht successive governments in Chad~ uhich~ at the same time~ experienced
thrnc cabinet re~huffles. The yexr 1963 uaa marked by a confrontation betueen
the ^upporters of the oriPinal mtnlsters of the neP.lected reqions and the sup-
port~r^ of Tombalbaye--t~cked by ~z~ench troops at the time. Thi~ uas the
breakinr point of the fr~Qfle alliance.
Thi~ obviour. failurc of French policy uac destined to be brouRht to li~ht With
the unlea^hin~ of thc armed conflict of 196~. The e~tablishment of FROLII~AT
~hadlan T~ational Liheratton Front], ~+hose peor*raphic implantation embracer all
the azr.a:~. Nhich do not raise cotton~ bein~ three-fifths of the national terri-
tory and one-third of the total population~ Nas an ansKer to that situation.
1n t.hf~ connectton an~ beyond anti-imperiali~t int~ntfons, the ener~ence of
armc~~l opposition makec ~ t necessary to revamp the co�r.try's r*,eopol~tica~ nap .
a~ uhole.
'~h1r, rr.quiram~nt is all the merA impcracivP, since Frnnch imperillism, then
pre~y t.o a drPadful crisi~~ i~ les:: and le~,:, inr,lfned to :;uppOl't 1 War effort.
* f'�orkou, Ennedi~ 'itbesti.
~
, 12
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Nh~Ch ir; w~inhin~* mor~ and mnre heavil,y on its troasury, With the ~oursac -
fa~lurr.~ thr importance of cotton (xhlr.h x~proa~nto SO percent of Chad's ~x-
rortr,) i~~ r~legated ta s~cond~ry ct~tut~ in thg concerna of the FrenCh indug-
' tri~lt~tn~ who do not conceal th~ir increasinq intero~t in the exploitation
of th~ immcttse resource;; hidden ~n the country's subsoil. This explaSns ma~n,y
thin~;~~ when one con~iders that~ at the present ttme~ the ~mericAn company~
Conoco, ~R~ociatad xith ~h~ll and Chevron~ have a monopoly an the research and -
explottation of oil in Ci~ad. And also uhen one conaiders that uranium and
, m~n,y other re~ot~rce~~ ahlch Paris now think~ it is time to develop~ have b~en
d iACOV~rn~I 1 n the arnas cantrollQd by F'ROLINAT. `
?n thenr r.ircumntances~ hox can one bA astonished nbout the polit~cal and mil-
_ 1 tary r,upport the Clyaee has ~rrt?nted both M$llnum and the former ,iail.er of the
C]au::trF: couple? Althn>>~h the aboutface of Parifi in re~ard to His~;ene Nabre
1:~;;t Au~*unt had aro~~sed some aurpri~e and rancor~ it appears that thig tactic
i~ now ~n,joyfn~ increasinPl,y ~reater suppart by F'rench industrial and financial
clrcle:, despite obviou:~ hostility by the French secret servic~s, xhn arQ not
t'orRpttin~ the deci~iv~ role played by Nabre in the assassination of their com-
rarle-in-arm~~ Comman~er Galoptn. Tr~ any casr~ the ob,jectiv~s Which the Elys~e
war tryinr, to achieve at that time throuQh the appointment of Hi.ssene f{abre to
thc ~Fition of ~rime mini~ter uere hindezt3d by the Malloum-Habre conflict and
made it nQC~ssary for the French leader~ to imgose a compromi~e ~olution, ob-
vioi~~ly temporar,y and iltusiv~~ based on a pr.ecAri~us cease-firn.
The rt^card ~alutton
Houever~ in the t?ackrroi~n~l of this operation there is already another plan
xhich Pari~ is tryinF to r,et accepted--by r*unchot �or the moment. It is the
federalism r�olution 1bo~~t uhich Tt: ~i:;card d'~stain~ spoke but xhich~ in fact~
would ~nd up partitfoninn the count.ry. Moreovcr~ it rrill be noted that His~ene
}13bm~ r+ho only recently presented himself as a~reat patriotlc defender of
Cha~tan terr.itorlal intc~rity~ ua3 caz~ful not io take any stand on this matter.
i�'canwhtle~ here and now, the N'D~iamQna confrontation~~ the fiercP resi~tance of
I.1~utenant Colonel Kamo~maue and~ :;til] morn, intensification of the offen~ives
of armc~i oppc~: ition tn thF~ central-ea~tern part of the country make it apparent
that ~r_1ce i~ not inn~in~~nt. I,tkexise~ ~11 these maneuvers dreamed up in thc
xinr^ could be for Lhe purpose of conf~a~in~* the protay;onists still more.
COI'YN1rElTt 1979 Afrl~nr-h ~1e
c~ ~~a
r^~JS lt1t~~
13
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~0[t O~F'ICtAG U5~ dN1~Y
_ ~QUATa~tIAL GUIN~A
- $RIEFS
~tFRICAN D~VELOPM~N'I BANK LOAN--The BAU LAfrican Development Bank/ grnnted
its fir~C loan to ~quatorial Guinea on 21 December of last year. This lnan
of 6.6 million units of account, or about 1~886 million CFA france~, ie
egrmarked for financing nf a pro~ect for reclamgtion of CAC80 plantations.
It carriea interest of 1 percent (plue commissian) with a term of 25 years.
The pro~ect aims to renovate 5,500 hectares of ca~s~ plantatione, of which
SOu hectares ar~ emall, family plantatione. it constitutes the firat part
of Che program proposed by the EquaCorial Guinea Covernment Co give a new
impetus to the cocoa industry. Thia pro~ect will be carried out over a
period of 3 yeare, beginning in 1979. It will b~ followed iamediately by
a replanting program. Thie second phase of the total program will be
financed with revenue from the firat part. The pro,iect will be adminiatered
by a aemi-autonomous office, the creation of which will enaure general super-
viaion by the intermediary of a management unit. Operations fnreeeen in
the framework of the project are as follows: 1) acquisition of machinee
and equipment, 2) construction of buildings, 3) reatoration of processing
plants, 4) acquisition of agriculeural prcduction supplies, including fungi-
cides, and fertilizera, 5) creation of food crops, and 6) technical asaietance
and formation. Total cost of ~he project is valued at nearly 1S million
unita of account, which will be financed by the BAD (6.6 million) and by the
government of Equator:al Guinea (8.4 million). The BAD loan will serve to
fin~nce ttie total pro~ect costs in fore.ign currency and part of the coete in
local currency relating to the ~quipmenC, buildings,_restoration of process-
plants, and agricultural production supplies. lTex[/ %Paris MAR~HES TROPICAUX
ET MEbITERRANEEN5 IN French 9 F'eb 79 p 327/ 9171
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F'Oit UF't~'ICIAL USC hNLY ~
GABON
~ R~COA4~iENUATI0N5 ON AGRZCULTUItE 0~' PDG CONGR~SS LI57~F,,U
Pnrig MARCH~S TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANE~NS in French 9 Feb 79 p 327
LText/ During Che s~cond speciel congregs of the Gabone~e Democruti.c Part~
(PDC), held in Libreville 24-27 January (M'1'M, 2 February 1979, p 2a2), the
economic policy committee drafted a resolution partially criticel of paet
- performance in that area and propoaing a future line of action. The main
parts of the resolution arc: "1. Whereas directed end planned economic
liberalism, the pillare of our economi.c policy since 1960, hse triggered and
suatained a savage capitalism that has had bad c~nd harmful effecte on the
economic, social and culturnl development of our country; 2. Whereas demo-
cratic, concerted progressionism (the doctrine of president Bongo) was born
from our awareness and will to better control the economy in order to have ~
better comnwnd over and provide better guidance to our expanaion in Che
national intereat; 5. Whereae guarantees for balanced, suetained
development rest mainly on rational exploiCation of our perennial resourcea;
10. Aware of the need to lay down a new economic and social develop-
ment strategy; The second apecial congress of the Gaboneae Democratic
Party recommenda that the central committee, the political bureau and the
government take the necessary steps with a view to introducing new orientationa
to continue the development of basic infrastructures and foater investments
in the productive sectors."
The resolution then calls upon those institutions to "reaffirm the priority
nature of agriculture in our country's development and to implement the goals
of the third agricultural plan.
"Fnr [his purpose [hey should undertake gction as soon as possible to:
increase food production and exports; raise the standard of living of the
farmers; promote integrated agro-industrial operations earmurked [o obtain
' foreign exchange; guarantee the education, mo[ivation and training of peasanta
nnd farmers; allow the creation of production and marketing cooperatives;
facilitate t1~e regrouping of villages." ,
The economic policy commission also asks the party and government to "promote
the emergence of a genuine class of national entrepreneurs, artisans and
merchants."
COPYRICHT: Rene More~ux et Cie., Paris, 1919
9268
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~'OK n~~ICIi+L U5E ONLY
GAI30N �
1
BRI~~'S
BELINGA IRON OIt~ RESER{/~S--A etudy evaluating exploitable iron ore
reeerveg in Belinga based on 1977 drillings ahowe the exietence of 300
million tone of low-phoephorue iron ore which could be exploited aC a
rate of production of 7.5 to 10 million tons per year. Gabon's Minister
of Mines Mbouy-Boutzit received the represenCativea of the auetrian VO~ST-
ALPINE Company on 23 February; thie company ie reportedly interasted in
participati~,~g in the capital of the SOMIF~It [Mekambo Iron Minee Company]
which will be in charge of exploitiug the Belinga mines when the Tr~ns- _
gabonese Railroad will be complated. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDIT~1tRANEENS in French 9 Mar 79 p 637~
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GUINEA
DISTItIC'C F'ARM5 'CU ~3E ~STABLISN~D ~OR MOU~RNIZING AGRICULTUR~
Paris AFRIQUE-A5IE in French 5 Mar 79 p 50
(Text) In accordance with the decisiang of the llth congreas of the
Uemncratic Pnrty of Guinea, President Ahmed Sekou Toure hag announced
that h.*.~ cnuntry will launch a green revolution with the establishment
of district agricultur~l gnd animal farms (FAPA) designed to modernize
ttr~ ngriculture.
"These farms," gaia cuine~~s leader, "will enable Guinea to become aelf-
aufficient i*~ food and to achieve a surplus deaigned to finance ita equip-
ment. The yielda from about 500,000 hect~res of c~ltivated land in Guinea
out of it~ 7,400~000 cultivable hectares are poor and compel the countr~�
to import aubatantial ~uantitites of foodstuffs paid for in hard curren-
cies. These yields amount to between 500 kilograms and 1 ton per hectare
. of huaked rice, compared to 15 tons in other countries."
The FAPAs will build their own water supply and management aystems to
achieve two or three cropa per year. The district agricultural and
animul farma will be stafEed by cadres graduating from Guinea's agricul-
tural colleges.
In tt~iA regard, Che chief of state said that "the number of engineera and
engineering aseistants will be increased to 3,000 in 1979 (compared to
1~700 in ]978) and to 4,000 the following year~ to reach 4,500 in 1981."
Besides, 8,000 new students, that is, 70 percent of the high echool grad-
uates, h~ve enrolled thi~ year in agricultural collegea.
As re~ards the 20 million dollars granted by the FEC [European Economic
Communityj~ [hey Will be used to finance equipment for gmall projects
designed especially for water control
COPYRICHT: 1979 Afrique-Asie
9399
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~Olt O~FICIAL U5C dNLY
~
LIB~RIA
BRIEFS
PIt~5IU~NT'5 ~RENCN VISIT SCH~bULED--On 6~ebrunry, during hts dinner with
Cecil Uennis, Liberign minister of. foreign affairs, 0livier Stirn, secretnry
of etc~te for foreign affnirs, ~nnQUnced thnt President TolberC would mak~
~n ofEicial visit to France at the end of March. Stirn atressed the import-
ance of the agreement which had ,jnet been signed concerning the guarantee
of ~rench inveytments in Liberia (see below). He tecc~lled that the Engliah-
spe~king country would be represented for the firat time by an observer
at the French-African summit at Kigali, and also thet President Tolbert
would be the next preaident of the OAU. Also prenent at the dinner were
Simone Weil, miniater of health, and JeAn-Pierre Proutesu, secretary of
atate for small industryy LText/ /Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAI3EENS
in Erench 9 Feb 79 p 323/ 9171
FRENCH It~CIPROCAL INVESTMENT AGRE~MENT--A delegation led by Mr Candessus,
director of the Bureau of International Affairs under the Treasury Directoratc,
visited Liberia in late January and on 26 January drew up an agreement for
reciprocal promotion and protection af inveatments. Thie agreement marks
the opening of a new chnpter in the economic and financinl relations between
the two countries. Ic is alao of interest that Cecil Dennis, Liberian
minister of foreign ~fEatrs with whom the delegation had met at Monrovia,:
vieited Paris this week on a trip which will also take him to Madrid. LText/
Lparig MARCHES TROPICAUX ~T MEDITERRANEENS in French 9 Peb 79 p 324/ 9171
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i
MALI
PETEtOL~UM, MINEi2AL itESOURCES ATTRACT INVESTORS
P. aris JEUN~ A~'RIQUE No 954 in F'rench 14 ~'eb 79 pp 38, 39
LArticle by Mohamed Mai~a/
,LText/ Will Mgli become the pi~iority Carget fnr foreign inveators in ehe
~ 1980's? One might think so to ~udge by the new intereat they are showing
in the agriculture and aubaoil of a country cli~ssified among the pooreat
in the world.
Before being penalized by 3 years of drought (1972-1974), Mali had tried to
recapture ite place as the traditional breadbasket of West Africa, an arduous
task which required foreign ~id that was as ni~;gardly a~ the country was
poorly managed. Only the agro-industrial complex of tiie Niger Office in
Segou and the CMDT (Malian Textile Compeny) atCracted foreign lenders. Since
1973, however, studies have shown that Mali, crosaed from west to east for
a distance of 1,700 km by the Niger and its many tributaries and watered in
the west by the Senegal, offered great agricultural potential.
That was all that was needed for the country ta be turned into a vast farm
work camp watched over by the EEC, It~', the World Bank, Canadian aesietance,
the socialist countries, China, the Development: Bank of the Republic of Mali
(BDRM) and SCAER (Farm Credit and Rural ~qutpmc:nt Company).
Rural Devclopment operntions are under way in ehe country's aeven administrative
regions, linking money crops (peanuts, cotton, tobacco, tea, augar cane,
etc.) with food products (rice, sorghum, market garden crops, etc.). Results
are encouraging and are causing enthuaiasm on che part of the peasants, mak-
ing a French expert from the World Bank say [hat "in a few years Mali's
peasance hr~ve changed [heir tt~inking in a way it took the European peasant a
century to do." Crazing lands, 60 percent of which were destoryed between
1972 and 1974~ are well on the way to reconstitution thanks mainly to Libyan
and Algerian aid. Private American groups are Working on rench pro~ects in
the regions of Mopti, Tombouctou and Gao.
True expectations, however, are focused on the subsoil. Their names are
uranium, oil and bauxite.
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In Ansongo, in Che fxx nozChwest of Che cnuntry, the office of Ibrahima Sy11a~,
the 30-year-old circle commander, is scareC~lv ever empty. He is making a
careful recruitment of dozens of volunteers Co mine the uranium deposira
which, according to some reportg, will get underway in the early 1980's. In
ChgC region of Gao (Ch~ northwest), Che Jgpanese cdmpar?y Power ReacCor nnd
, NucJ.ear Fuel DevelopmenC Company (PNC) has been proepecting since 1974. The
~ffort hna paid off. Tn Che Kida1 circle, the eame company has updated some
depoeits that, combined with Chose in Ansongo, are an exeension of the ore
in th~ Nigerien Sahara. There is likely also some on the Volta border.
CO~~MA (Nuclear Materials General Company), with ties with the French nuclear
energy commissariat, has diecovered other etill more important deposita near
_ Taouden iC in the 16th region and Kenieba (Kayea region) near Che Gui.nea border. _
The Malian depoeita are probubly among the largest active mines in Africa, but `
the figurea are carefully auppreased.
011 pro~pecting, in which aeveral Western compunies have invested almost
2 billion Malian francs, is mainly an achievement of the French company ELF
Aquitaine, with Texaco and Che British company Murphy involved in prospecting
in the northwest. The only remaining problem for study is pipelining it to
the caast. As far as the oil companies are concerned, it is understood the
price for crude would ~ustify construction of pipelines.
Bauxite depoaits are probably much greater today than former estimutes
(750 million tons) indicated. PechinPy (Prance), Alusuisse (Switzerland)
and China are interested in deposits localized in the south and southwest _
(kayes region, which also has iron ore) not far from the Guinean bor~ier in
the area where the Manantali dam will be built within the framework of OMVS
(Senega 1 River Development Organization).
The Off ice of Geological and Mining Research (BRGM, France) is surveying
gold potential near Kayes. In the past, the Soviets have been mining the
large gold reserves in Kalana, near Sikasao, living Chere in isolation.
They are no doubt still there, while other "technical advisers" prefer the
~pen spaces of Tombouctou or Gao, attracted by oil, uranium or bauxite.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1979
9268
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t~Uit i~rt~ Lc;~nt, us~a c~Ni,Y
MALI
= BRIEFS
F~ROIiA13L1: UEtANIUM~ ~JIL DEPQSITS--I3amako--Al;:hough it is not yet ~?:re Chat
uruni~im and oil explorations in Mttli have achieved conclusive results,
per:;I~Cent rumory continue to circulate in certain foreign circles in
Bamnko, according to which "auspicious developments" are tn be expect~~.9.
The Jap~nese company pNC [expansion unknown] is exploring for uranium
in the re~ion of Kidal, while drilling operations are being carried out
in Ansongo by the E1�-Aquitaine company. According t~ the Malian minis-
ter of Industrial Uevelopment and Tourism, Mr Lamine Keita, it ia prema-
ture as yet to affirm the existence or nonexistencP of uranium or oil
reserves in Mali. However, many French and Malian techniciana have
always believed their existEnce to be "almost certain," based on studies
c.lrried out during the Fxench colorial era. [Text~ (Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE
in French 5 Mar 79 p 10J 9399
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~Oit O~~ICIAL USL nN1.Y
1tHOb~5IA
PRIVA'I'i: AItMI~5, M~:RCENAEtIE5 COMpOUNU COIV~USION IN RHOn~STA
Crowth of Privgt~ Armies
~
I'~ri~ J~UN~ AFitIQU~ in F'rench 14 ~eb 19 p 33
[Article by ~rancois~ 5oudanJ
[TextJ AEter a heated referendum held ggainst c? bnckdrop of war~ "Ythodegia-
7.imbabwe" ::~d ~he new ~tfictal name chosen by ?an 5mith and his at~'`'f for
the former Rhodesiu. Un Tuesday 30 Jenuary, 90~000 whitp votera were asked
to ~peak out on a draft conbtitution providing for a shift of the thenreticgl
power to the black ma3ority, starting in May. A power in name only, which ie
oppased by Che guerilln fighters of the Patriotic Front, insofar ae the key
pnsty (army~ police, government and economy) will renwin in White hands. T1~e
_ result of this :eferendum (ncarly 85 percent of "yes" voteg) aag surpri~in~
b~c~use of !ts wide margin: the propoaed constitution, which hgd been
represenred by Ian 5mith as a last chance to prevent Rhodesia'a totgl isola-
tion on the international scene, had indeed been gtrongly oppoaed by followers
of Rnllo ll.yyman, a former interior minister and head of the extremists.
Warlords
Ttiis is undoubtedly a personal victory for Smith, ~rf~i.ch paves the aay for
holding thc first election~ by universal suffrage on 20 April next. But the
cxtremeLy tense climate surrounding the 30 January electiona (generalized
curfew, deployment of troops around the polling placea, preliminary arrests,
etc.) gives a poor prospect of blar;k participation in those c'~~tiona. At~d
the advent of che private urmies as a third component on the Rhodertian milieary
' r.hessboard is quite likely to add even furcher to the prevailing confusion.
'I'he "c:ise" of the privace armies (those par~military group~ recruited by each
~ of the three moderate black leaders allicd co 5mith: MuzoreWa, Sithole and
Chir:~u) recently had a new development when some 100 followers of Abel Murozeva
arrived in Salisbury from Libya in late January. 'I'hey vere men Whom Colonel
c1:~dl~~if~ufi had agreed to train in 1975, when r.iost Rhodesian nationalists were
Ktill qati~ered under the banner of the ANC (Afric~n Nationnl Council). ilhen
tt~e lattsr crumbled in 1976, the Li.bya-trained men remained loyal to Bishop
22
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Muzorewa and r~fug~d tio ~nin the rgnke of th~ ~~triotiC ~rdnt. ~or a whilp
Qgdhdhafi ~~ntinued to Crain Chem b~for~ sending th~m beck Cn lthnd~~i~, une
' ~mg11 group ~t g tima, hu~, p~p~cially afepr the inC~rrig1 ggreem~nC wg~
eignerl on 3 March 1978, their presence became too much of an emba~ttag~mettt.
Thp m~n who arriv~d in l~te Jgnuary ~re prabnbly pgrt nf th~ lagt of thng~
group~. 'fhey ~oin~d th~ rgnkg of eomp 1500 militiam~n nf "Muzorew~'e '�my"
~tntinn~d in the "trib~l r~~ervee" eround 5a11~bury under the comroand ~f g
formpr df�iner of the p~trioeic ~rone. ~he lt~ver~nd Sith~lle, anoCh~r m~d~rat~
black l~~der, also h~e hie nwn trnope: more th~n id00 men, ~onp of wham gre
eti11 being Cr~in~d tn Ug~nd~. Th~y ~re gpperently the best ~c{uipp~d ~c~d
mogt effective but glso the mogt violent~ Led by veritgble "wgrlr~rd~," they
nre leading an gutonomoug ~xigtence in the WpeC~r~ pgr.t of Che country, liv-
ing off ~xtortidn ~nd terrorizing the vill~g~~. In_conclugion~ Ch~ief Chirau _
alan maintaina ~ emall. arn;y con~isting of 4b0 to S00 auxiliary txdnps.
A 5hifting Reglity
'~hose urmies, made up of young unemployed people, df degerterg fr~m the
patriotic ~ront or the r~gular ithodesian ~rmy, ere reported to control a
little over 10 percpnt of the Rhode~ian territory. Since 1977~ the Sglisbury
government hae given Chem free rein. It hag even provided them wiCh w~gpon~
recvvered from Nkomn's and Mugabe's guerilla fighters, alrhough it strongly
digtrust~ them: Indeed there is great permeability betwren aimilar eChnic
groups, whether they are fighting for the Patriotic Frot~t or again~t it. In
addition, the privnte nrmies have eometimes had vialent engagementg with each
other, and the Rhodesian army had to int~rven~, with some losses. '~hose pri-
vate 3rmies~ then, do not really constitute a~oheaive third force but rather
a shifting reality ~hich should probably be taken into gccount in the Itho-
desian imbroglio.
Mercenaries Reported by OAU
paris A~RIQUE-ASIE in French S Feb 79 p 9
- ~TexcJ bar es-Salaam--Ther~ are 13,000 Western mercenaries in the ranks of the
Rhodesian army, Mr Nicholas Kuhanga~ T.~nzanian minister of educaCion, an-
nounced as the OAU Liberntion Committee opened its 32nd session.
The ineensified Rhode~ian attacks against Mozambique were on the OAU Libera-
- tion Committee's agenda. The committee considered it indtapensable to take
joint steps to put an end to thoae crimes committed against the peaceful pop-
ulacion of Mozambique. The mercenariea consist of 1,800 Frenchmen, 2,800
Portugueye, 2.500 Americane, 1,500 West Germans, 800 Israelis, and nthers
from varioue nations~ including Creat Britain, Australia, Canada etc.
5[ill on the subject of Rhodesia, the 'Limbabwe Patriotic Front categorically
rejected the idea of any intervention in Rhodesia of an Angln-American expedi-
tionary force, to vhich U.S. Ambaseador Andrew Young recently referred. "The
Zimbabae people~" the Front declared. "do not need British or American libera-
tora, as they have committed themselvea to the task of their oWn liberation."
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~dtt nF~ICtAL U5~ t~NLY
Our r~~d~r~ will r~C~ll th~t in an intervi~w wiCh the American m~gexitte N~G1S-
WC~it, ch~ T~nzanign chief df gtetp him~~lf h~d r~c~nely ~aked fdr ~n Ang1n-
- Ameri~gn military interv~nCinnt "One dr twu bgttg:.ion~," he ~gid~ "~nd in
n fea dnys~ it would bP ~11 ovpr..."
Th~ Pn~YidtiC ~xdnt ~nd the cnuntriea in th~ f~r~frdnt ~f rhe gtruggl~ would
b~ we11-advi~ed ta m~intgin bett~r conrdin~Cion b~tw~en their poeitinn~.
CnPYitIGNT: 19~9 Afrique-Asi~
11g36
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Rt~nI1E5IA
8R2~~5
AtL~1Ci~NAIt~l:S ItF:CRU2T~U--~he recruitmr.nt of inercen~rie~ for Ithod~-
~i~ Continuse in ~'urope (egp~ci~ily in Great Dritein~ France~
5pr~in and portu~ni . Tii~ "Horribieg" e~r~ receivin~ the equiv~-
lent ni' 10~000 ~~'rench !'ranc~~ a month pAid in 5outh Africen
rand~ (more than y~~00 ~F ae an enligtm~nt bonue and 5~n00 FF in
ri~k pny). Arrivin~; in 5aligUury i'rom JohennF~bur~, ~hey mey
reccive threa pas~ible asai~,mmetitss eoldiorinE; in the re~,*uler
ithodesian Arnry, on off~cor~s berth in the blaclc moderete leaderg'
~nilitic~, or moat recently~ a poat in the train~n~ camps ~'or the
- "Ai'ricn Livre" ~1~'rec Afrioa ] Coumandos ~ a roup mede up of 1?tozam-
Uicnna hoatile to the Nft~puto Covernment. ~Text~ [Paris JEUS~~
A~RI~UI: in French ;tl Feb ?9 p 26 ] 3117
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~Ok q~t~'tGtAi, U:iF: c1NLY
SAO '~OM~ ANU PRIN~IP~
U~TAIL5 ON INT~RNA'CIONAL PRENCH ASSI5TANCL pitOVIDBU
P~ri~ MARCNES TROPICAUX ET I~nITEItRAN~ENS in ~r~nch ~ Feb 79 p 327
,~T~xt/ Sine~ the procl~m~Cion nf it~ independettce in 197S, the nEmdcretic
R~publir of Sao Tdcn~ and Principe he~ been receiving gid from a numb~r of
~ountri~e and intern~t~onal inetitutione, followe: rhe U55R, Chin~, Cub~,
North Kar~a, the Germ~n bemocratic Republi~, Swpden~ thp N~therland~, Portu-
gal, Frgnce, the ~uropean Developm~nt ~und (ED~)~ World Benk, gnd g~ver~l
UN ggenc~ee (UNDP, tJNO, WMO). The aforementioned gocic~ligt bloc countri~g
provide technical asaiatance mainly for public works, health, defen~e, and -
miecellaneous equipment gnd lending. Swedieh aid ie conce~trated in the
h~alth eector.
Under Title VI nf FAC (Aid and Cooperation F~u?d), the ~'rench Minieter of
Cooperation is helping establish a cocoa fumigatiot~ center (1.~15 billion
~rench france), ahi~h is improving coneervation for export of 5ao Tome's
prinicip~l eource of foreign exchange. A cold ~torage facility, cnsting
770,000 ~rench francs, was also opened in March 1978 ~rithin the context of
assistance diatributed by FAC. In June 19~8, also under FAS's Title VI~
the decision Waa made to establiah a cultural center on the island (Prench
Houae) end three coopereting centera With one assistance adviser as part of
its technical assistance effort. ~
Ungoing operations include the follo~+ing: 1,050 tons of ~rein~ 50 tona of
, milk, and 200 tons of butter oil in 19~9; assiatanr_e to the Principe hagpital;
etudy to organize a workahop managed by the Induetri.al Development Center
(CDI) in collaboration xith the World Bank; provision of public worke materials
(300,000 ECU lEuropean Currency Unit/}; atudy to set up a brick Works. In -
addition~ the SbF was working on future development of fiaheries and agriculture
(coconut and palm trees).
COPYRIGHT: R,ene Moreux et Cie.~ Paris~ 1979
9268
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i~'Ok O~~tCIAL U5~ hNLY
ZAI lt~ -
N1~T.[ON SAIU 'TO IIAVh ~IUlti: UCd'~S T1~AN A~iY 13LACK A~'RICAN COUN~ttY
Peri~ JEUN~ A~RIQtJ~ in ~rench 21 ~~b 7q p G6
,~~eporr on in~~rvi~w with pr~~ident M~bueu by ~rancig~o Vergara, !'Th~ Md~t
Uebt-f~idd~n C~,untry of Black Africe~" dat~ of int~rview not given/
LTexC/ riy the end of 1977 the Zaire public foretgn debt amount~d eo 3.5
billinn dollgre, of whiCh 2.6 million were actually disburged. 7'hie iA th~
figure al~uded tn by President Mobutu in our intervieW.
A numb~r of underdeveldped countri~~ heve e larger debt. Among those at
the head of the liet ig Brasil, With 22 billion dollsra. But thee~ gre
countries aith an indugtrial and ggriculturnl production forty or fifty timeg
rhet oE Zaire. In Africa, the ttwat indcbted countriea ar~, in order, Algerin~
uith 9 billion dollars (in 1975), L'gypt, with S.~ billion dollars (in 1975),
Zgire, on the same l~v~l of indebtedne~e ag Morocco, a country whoee revenue
is four times higher. Among black African counCries, zaire is by fgr the most
deeply in debt.
The yreater part of the zairian debt aas contracted between 1973 and 1975
(2.3 billion), in order to set up a co~tly understructure. It differs from
that of other very poor countries (those Which heve an annual revenue per
inhnbitant of le~a than 265 dollare), in thnt 60 percenC of it aag conaented
to by private banks et high rates oE interest. It ig therefore very expen-
sive: If the most disinherited countries now pay moderate rates of interest,
of about 2.6 percent, Zaire~ on the other hand, most disburse very nearly
7 percent in finence charges.
Also. the timing of payments is ehorter. In apite of the increase in exports
in 1976 end 1977. the country was not able to meet ita payments, of Which
40 percent were it~ arrears betWeen 1975 and 1977. The [otal debt amounts
_ to the equivalent of 16 montf~s of n~tional production.
i~~ 1976 and 1977 Zaire received "oxy~en tents" from the International
Monetary Fund (268 million dollara) and from Western countries (260 million).
It consented to a refinancing of the conditiong of repmyment on the part of
106 creditor banke~ among which Citybank, Morgan~ the Credit Comm~rcial of
~rnnce, the Soci~t~ C~n~rele, etc. This Was done in exchange for a promise
to put into effect an austerity program~ which has been several timee delayed.
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~n nrdar tn reaniv~ th~ prnbl~m of the debt, g two-tii~r poli~y i~ ~nvi~~g~d:
ytnblization pinn hn~ b~~n ~l~borac~d by eh~ interngtional Msn~t~ry ~und.
it en11e for a r~d~cCion in import~, and ~ re~tdret~on ~f h~elth td th~
~conomy ~nd finan~~, to be piaced under the di~~ceion df fa~eige exp~rtg.
plan for the d~v~lopcnent of p~coduction, elgborgt~d by th~ World Bank,
which ~mphegi~~~ the export of min~r~l~.
In th~ b~ginning of 1979, th~ unp~id arre~r~, gccording tn the ~'iNANCiAL
TIME5, gaaunted to about 700 million dollar~. Wegt~rn countrie~ d~m~n~trated
their under~tanding by adv~ncing 650 rnillion dollerg: Thp Int~rngtinn~l
a Monetary ~und 30 p~rcent, the United St~t~~ 15 p~r~~nt; Belgium 15 percent...
But more than 5d p~rcpnt of th~ debt i~ du~ before 1983. in March, Z~ir~'~
cr~ditors and friendly countrie~ will gath~r gggin in Bru~sel~ to exgmine
the eituation itt terms of the gond will d~monstr~t~d by zgir~ in the gpplication
of the plan elaborated by the Int~rnation~l Monetary ~und.
COPYRICH'f: Jeune Afrique GItUPJIA 1979
9347
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.
.
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