JPRS ID: 8464 TRANSLATIONS ON SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050035-7
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• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 35
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/8464
18 May 1979
~ r ~
TRANSLAl'IOKS ON SUB-SAHA~AN Af=RICA
FOUO No, 635
U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERYICE
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maCion was summarized or extracted.
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JPRS L/8464
].S May ~9 79
- TRANSLATIO(VS ON SUB~SAHARAN AFRI CA
FOUO No. 635
CO~~TENl'S PAGE
i~r~-ar~tzcart A~a]~s
Angola Exp?~cte South Afric:an Aggreasions To Escalate
(Augusta Conchig].i~i; AFriIQUE-ASIE, 2 Apr 79 ) . . . . . . . . . l
- BriePs
Gabon-3enegal Air Elgreement 3
' Ivorian-Angolen.Agricu].tural P~ct . 3
Cuban InPiltration From Congo
ANGOLA
~ench-Angolan Relationa I,ik~ely To Develop Sermoniously
(AFRIQUE-ASIE, 2 APr 79) 5
Briefs ~
Cube?n Pl~yaician Captured by UNITA 6
Angry FAPLA Reactien Lik~ely 6
CFNFRAL AFRICAN E~E
Budget Balanced by Grants~ Foreign Aid in 19?'9 ,
(~tc~s ~toPlcAVx Er h~urr~s, 6 A~' 79~ 7
Briefs ~
UGGT Congress 10
~ench Aid to ACCF 10
CEAD
Kano Agreement's Signers Muat Comba~ Ethnic Mvisions
(MARCHE.S TROPICAUX ET MEDITgtRAftEENS, 23 Mex 79) 11
Agreement Providing for Cease-FYre Throughout Chad Si~ned
(rsaRC~.s ~xo~caux ~r r~nrr~s, 23 r+~r 79) i3
- a- [ I I I - NE & A- 122 FOUO j
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CONTEN~B ( Cont inued ) p~,ge
8outhern Chadians 8aid To Be Organizing Politica,]1y
(Joe-B~aise A].t.r~j JEUNE AFRIQUE, 2 MaY 79) 15 ,
aHANE~ -
- Briefa
Economic Situation Reported].y Somber i8
LIBF~2IA
Regul~~s of President~s OfPicia]. Visit to France Noted
(rsaRCa~s ~oPrr,~vx ~r r~nrr~s, 3o r~r 79) i9
Briefs
FRG Aid 22
MAUItI~'IZJS
Implications of Succeas oP Libyan Viait Discuased
(Herve Masson; AFRIQUE-AS~, 2-15 AI~ 79) 23
MOZANIDIQUE
Briefa
Nationalizations. Roundup for ~978 26
ZAl~IA
k'inance Minister Presents Balanced 1979 Budget
(MARCSES TROPICAUX ET MEDrTIIiRAN~S, 30 Me~r 79).. 27
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
ANGOLA EXPECIS SOUTH AFRICAN AGGRESSIONS TO ESCALATE
Paris AE'RIQUE-ASI~ in French 2 Apr 79 p 28
[Article by Augusta Conchiglias ~'The Flight in Fron~ of Pretorie01~
[~xcerpta~ In spite of the eacalation of the Sou~h Atrican -
aggressiona~ the RFA Will conCinue its untiring support
for the SWAPO f i~hters.
"I sey this aithout cyniciem, but I suspect tha~ this Security Council meeting
will not prewent South Africa from continuing its a~r~~iries,~~ said E~,isio
i'iguereido~ representative of Angola at the UN~ on 19 March.
This is what the Mgolaa leaders heve constantly repested since the lib~ration
3 years ago. But although the 5outh Afrfcen aggressions are continuing and
even increasinq, the Western poaers have still not reacted.
And yet, in e communique daC~;: 21 March, Mgolan Defense biinister Iko Carreira
states tha~ the military situation in the southern part of the counCry is
becoming very disquieting. From 16 to 26 March, 44 bombers and 26 reoonnaissance
pianes f1eW over Mgolan territory, and 132 tons of f ragmentation ar?d napalm
bombs Were dropped on 13 regiona.
But Pretoria paid a high price ~or these expeditionss 6 aircraft (inciuding
2 Mirages), did not return to bas~, and 12 airn~en ~tere killed. At once, the
- So~uth Agrican incursions w~ere less f requent on the follo~ing days�MToday~"
Iko Carreira said~ "We can no longer be attacked with impuni~y.�
But th~se murderoua raids and maneuvers are not only tor the purpose of putting
constant preasure on the rear of the liberation nwvements and discouraging the
countries that aid them. They are components of an overall strategy that !s
almed mt preventing a pupuler victory in thia pert of the continent and the
conaolidation o! the progreasive regimes established in the vicinity o! South
Af r! ce.
M.oreover, it is obvious that the Pretoria fascists are deliberately trying to
internationalize rne conflict. By systematically attacking targets (otten
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choeen ati r~andom) located on Angolatt territo~y~ Pretoria would lfke to !n-
duce the Mgolan army ~o croes its borders~ in order ~o provoke a direct ~
confronration. M~1 ~1Chough rhe Mgolana are daing nothin~ of tihe sorr, South
Afrfna eccuses th~m of 1t anyaay. On iS March~ Prerorle ~omplainad tiher a
unit oE !ts Al't11y CI1AC ~rea gu~rdlnp~ ~he Ruacena dun was aCtacked by Mgolan
Croops. They Were, of course, 5i1AI~0 fightiera; SWAPO has never hidden ~he fact
that i~ aould continue the arared aCruggle utttiil the 8i~,in~ of a cea8e�!lre~
~ followed by truly f ree electiong.
Aithough their lasti aerial bombardments caused them heavy losaes~ !t is not
at ali excluded ~haC the South Afrlcani~ wili con~inue the escalation. Thati !s
what they think in Luanda and they e~tpect the artacks soon to be directed
against strategic civilian targets. Againat the Cambambe dam~ for example~
which is located leas than 200 kilometer$ ,from Luanda~ provides 60 percent ~
of the electricity necessary for Che natio:~al induatrial park, and supplies .
�3 provinces and the capital itself. If this dam taere not aimed aC~ they say~ ~
why would iC recently have beea f1oWn over by six South African Mirages?
Conspiratorial Attitude
All this, said Mr Figuereido~ the Angolan ambassador to the Secur~ty Courtcil~
results f rom the f act that ~~Pretoria has never been Wiiling to have a pro-
. gressive republic in its vicinity.~~
Under these conditions, and given the passive it not conspiratorial at-
titude of the West~rn pat~era~ it is understandable that Forsign Minister Paulc~
Jorge refused to go to NeW York~ on the invitntion of the Five Povers~ to
discuss the modalities of the electiona 1n Namibia once more. At a time When
the South Africans are attacking Angola datly~ there is no chaace~ no guaren-
tee of reaching a concrete result on this question.
COPYRIGNT: 1979 Afrique-Asie
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INTER~AFRICAN AF~'AIRB
BR IEFS
GABON-SENEGAL ATR AGREII~IT--An air agreement and a convention of establish-
ment have been signed between Gabon and Senegal, on the occasion of the visit
to Libreville by Moustapha Niasse, Senegalese minister.of state for foreign
affairs, who returned to Dakar on 2 April. The minister led the Senegaleae
delegation at a session of the mixed Senegalese-Gabonese commiasion. He ape- ~
cified thQt the air agreement enables Air Gabon to serve Senegal and the com-
pany Air Afrique (of which Senegal is a member) to continue its flights to
- Gabon. The convention of egtablishment, on the other hand, grants to the
Senegalese living in Gabon the same rights as the Gabonese. In addition,
Gabon and Senegal have begun negotiations tawards agreements in the matter
of soclal security and posts and telecommunications. A broadening of coop-
eration in the fields of fishing and research was also decided on. (TextJ
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Apr 79 P 883~ 1i267
IVORIAN-ANGOLAN AGRICULTURAL PACT--Manuel Pedro Pacavira, Angolan minister
of agriculture, recently went to the Ivory Coast for the signing of the basic
agreement between the Ivorian government and the OIAC (Inter-African Coffee
Organization), of which he is vice president (cf MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDI-
TERRANEENS No 1741, 30 March, p 811). On 23 March, he had a talk with his
Ivorian coun.+.erpart, Denis Bra..ICanon, during which the possibilities for the
Ivory Coast's participation in the effort under'zaken by Luande.to develop its ~
agriculture were examined. Mr Pacavira indicated that his country is pres-
ently experiencing difficulties in this area, a11 the plantations which be-
longed to the "Portuguese colonialists" having been abandoned by them at the
time of the country~s independence. "Our principal problems are those of
skilled agricultural technicians and equipment," added the minister, who in-
dicated that Angola desired to receive the aid of Ivorian technicians special-
izing in the sectors of coffee and the oil palm. In recent years, the Ivory
Coast has achieved remarkabl~ results in these two areas, as is known, since
it has become the leading Afri.can producer~and exporter, and No 3 in the world
(after Brazil and Colombia in coffee, and behind Malaysia and Indonesia in
palm oil). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
6 Apr 79 p 891] 11267
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CUBAN INI~'ILTRATYON F1tOM CONGO--Ever since Colonel Saesou Niguesao replaced
Mr. Q~~anga us head of government in the Ca ngo each deparCment on the~general
' ~rnff h~s been headed by a Cuban officer. Far from conf3ning themselvea .
to Pointe-Noir~, the Cuban soldiera, who continue to arrive, are inf iltrating
nortl~ward in the direction of Cameroon and the Central African Eapire where
the tlirone of Bokassa I is threaCened. [Text] [Paris VALEURS ACTIJELLES in
French 12 Mar 79 p 40] 7779 -
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ANGOLA -
FRENCH-ANGOLAN RELATIONS LIKELY TO DEVELOP EIARMONIO~SLY
Peris AFRIQUE-ASIE iri FrQnch 2 Apr 79 p 45
~Excerpts~ ~~The People~s Republic of Angola haa only one ambitions peace~ but
that peace muat be a true peace, and therefore could not put up With either
colonial or raciat oppression nor the represaion established as an iastitu-
~ion in the aouthern part of our continent~ on our borders.~'
Luie J. d~Almeida~ the new RPA ambassador to France, expressed himself ia
these te rms upon presenting his credentiais to President Giscard d~Estaing
on 15 *tarch.
"Factors a~ainat our will~~' emphasized Mr d~Altneida~ Who is also amb~asador
- to Brusaels~ ~~have in the past caused a certain lack of understanding bet~?een
our governments a lack of understanding that untortunately did not pe~nit
a harmonious development of our relations, as t~e ~ould have liked."
Finally, the ambassedor stated that "the development of these relations re-
quires a better understanding of our domeatic reality an understeading
that is even more necessary beceuse ua~ounded ~udgments~ which some people
are stili Crying to instigate~ have created mistrust between us and giv~n a
distorted~ false picture of our country aad our leaders.~~ ,
As for the French head of state~ he empha~.iLed that the presence of the
Mgolan ambassador in Paria ig a sign ~~that a neW leaf has been turned over~
and that the period beginning between Paria and Luanda Will be one ot dialogue9
good will, and mutual understanding, With a conatant concern in bo~h parties
to respe cC the cho i ce of the ot!�Qr.
Moreover~ r1r Giscard d~Estaing gaid that ~here are ~~broad prospects tor ample~
effective French-Angolan cooperation,M
COFYRIGEt'Ts 1979 Afrique-Aaie
,
8429
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ANGOLA
BRIEFS
CUBAN PHYSICIAN CAPTURED BY UNITA--UNITA declares in a communique that it cap-
tured a Cuban military physician last February. The prisoner, Rodriguez
Massana, 28, was captured, aceording to the communique, in an ambush staged .
a few kilometera southwest of Bailundo, in Huembo province. "His companions,
- Cuban mercenaries, fled, while others were aeriously wounded," adds UNITA,
which goes on to state that s~tice the beginning of the year, it has destroyed
4 military posts, killed 198 �'of the ene~y, including 11 Cubans," and "liber-
ated 3,000 inhabitants." Finally, UNITA denounces "the conatantly growing
- presence of Cuban forcea on Angolan soil,'~ putting the figure at 28,000 men.
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Apr 79 p 891]
_11267 _ . ~ ~ -
ANGRY F~1PLA REACTION LIKELY--The headquarters of the Angolan People~s Armed
LiberaCion Forces (FAPLA) has formatly denied the South African statements
that it:; trnops attacked a South African post. Once more~ the South Africans
had inv~nted a pretext (anyChing is good enough for them) to 3ustify their '
constanL- aggreasions against rhe Peopie~s Republic of Angola. Commander
D. r~is~s (Ndozi) staCeds ~~The FAPLA cannot be held responsible for the
repeateci provocations of the racists aho constantly attack our country.M
In addition~ Conm~ander ~~N~lozi~' said that the FAPLA is out of patience and
cannot nlways refrain frr,m reacting to these aggresaions. [Excerpta ~~Paris
AFRIQU~..ASIE in French 2 Apr 79 p 46~ 8429
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~ CENTRAL AFRICAN EMP~RE
~
BUDGET BA~LANCED BY GRANT5, FOREIGN AID IN 1979
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET Mediterraneens 3n French 6 4pr 79 p 882
[Text] The 1979 Budget: 2~.2 million CFA Francs
~ Unlike last year~s, the Central African budget for 1979 a.s a
balanced one~ but it should be noted that this came about only
thanks to foreign granta and a3d (1.5 billion CFA) and recourae
~ to loans (2.65 billion)~ as the table ehows.
Predicted revenues are up overall by 20.2 percent, with indirect
taxea~ revenues from state lands their resources heading the
list of ga3ners.
There are a few innovations in the 1979 budget in this respect:
inclusion 4f the coffee fund payment (1.65 billion).
This fund has been obliged since 19~7 to pay the Treasury 55
percent of its t ax receipts on the value of coffee exports;' un-
til now, this payment had not been included in the budget.
- Doubling of the tax on Mocaf beer, from q.0 F CFA/liter
to 80, which is expected to bi�ing in 2.$ billion, which will be
put into the a~~tonomous fund for retirement of state debte
(CAADE); �
- creation of a$00-mil:lion-CFA highway fund, to be sup-
ported by a tax on fuels;
- inclusion in the budg~et of health insurance subscription
cards (200 million).
Spending projects are down 1.~~ percent~ with a 31.1-percent cut- `
- back in capital expenditures offset by a 9.3-percent incr~ase in
operating expenses.
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CENTRAL AFRZCAN EMP:LRE BUDGET
_ (in thousands o� Francs CFA) '
1979 ~.978
= REVENUES:
- Tax revenuea 19,061,200 ].8,46A,500
- Revenuea from State lands 325~200 254,000
M~acellaneous revenues from
= services and sundry products......... 575,aon 969,4Q0
~ Grants, subsidiea, aid funds 1,500,000 2,100~000 _
Returns on completed investments......: - 22~000
Earmarked revenues 3,O5~J,000 820~000
Loans......~ 2,655~x77 -
TOTAL REVENUF;S........�.���..�� 27,193,566 22.625,900
EXPENDITURES:
O~,erating Expanses :
Committed public spending (pensions)...... 4,627 4,627
Service costs 16,285,900 14,633,648
Joint expenditurea z,46i,818 2~803~912
State interve:ition ..............o...... 3,372,332 '2,791,733
TOTAL OPERATING Exp........... 22,124,6'7~ 20,233,g20
Capital Expenditures:
Service on loans and debt 2,500,000 2,~80,798
General and statistical studies........ 14,300 8~000
Production.. 788,150 7.,599,395
Comznunications infrastructures 867,000 641,$00
Social and commun~.ty facilities 54o,z6o 1,820,760
Miscellaneous contributions 359,2~0 409~200
TOTAL CAPITAL Exp 5,068,9~0 ?,359,653
TOTAL EXPENDITURES 2~,193,577 Z7,593,573
The government has put forth special efforts to cut spending by
earmarking the bulk of its resources to operating coats ~,vhich
are fix~d, and henee not patient of cutbacks.
The fact is that 62 percent of that spending consists of staff
salaries (50.4 percent of it for permanent staff alone). The
appropriations for scholarships to vocational schools and uni-
versities are also high on the list of gainers, up from 573 to
1,427 million, for a gain of 67 percent.
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S~.x ~overnment d~p~rbm~ntie g~t ~lmo~ti ~0 p~roenb og bh~ appro-
pri~tiionr~: "Servic~ M~an~," Educ~tiiun~ Do~en~e~ Inberior~ Po- .
reign A~f~ir~, ~nd Agricu~.Lur~. The biggesti 3r.c:r~~~ee in appro-
pr~.atiiong wen~ bo ~ore~.gn A�fa~ir~ (up 38. 3 percent Defense
� (up 26.~ ~eroent)~ ~nd EduG~tion (up 10 peroent).
The clsareet reflec~ion o� th~ w~.ii tio aut expendi~ures ie ~o
be seen ~.n the ele~hing of capitgl exp~nditiure.~, quite in line
wi~h tih~ v3ews of thc~ austierity-minded budge~ wr3.tere. The
only incr~asea 3n c~pital expenditure~ ~re thoge ~or ro~ds and
highway infragtiructiure~.
I~ ahould be pointed out tha~ in~o�ar as repgyment of loans is
concerned, the CAADE wfll henceforth be respons3ble for repay-
menti o� gll debt, no~ merely arreare in payment. However, si.nce
tihe ~un~i~ ~s sole source of revenue~ i~ the tax on loaal beer con-
aumptton, eettlement of the natfon~s debts depend,~ enti~.rely on
- tihe populatfon~e bhireti for Mocaf beer.
~ COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Pari.s, 1979
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CENTRAL AFRICAN F�MPIItE
BRIEPS
UCCT CONCRFSS--The CenCral African Workers' Union met in extraordinery
congress aC Bangui on 3-5 March. At t:he opening seasion, preeided over .
by Emperor Bokassa I~ UCCT Secretary-Geeeral Fred-Patrice Liblekenze
w attested hie willingneea to engage in dialogue aith Che government ae vell
as with the employers. Yn his view it will require a tWOfold reform to
restore labor peace in the CAE: management vill have to eCop looking at
the union as an enemy, and do all in ixa power to vork for the nation's
development; the workers muet change their mindaet and make room for
gratitude to the man who provides them aith ~oba. Delegate speeches all
reflected the UGCT's readiness to help the government in ita etated deter-
mination to speed the CAE's development pace. At the clase of the congreas
all bodies elected at the 3rd congreas in April 1977 Were returned to
office. Mr Zemoniako-Lilbakenze, vho is also mayor of Bangui, Will remaiu
UGCT General Secretary for another 3 year~. [Text] [Paris MARt~iES
TROPICAUX E~ HEDITEF.RANEEN5 in French 30 Mar 79 p 818j 6182
FRENCH AID TO ACCF--Mr Michel Landry, head of the French sidl and
cooperation mfeaion in Bangu3. and M~ Jeaa-Pierre Le Bouder, CAE
minister foi� plaAning~ statistics, e~d international c~operation,
~ c~igned an agreement on 12 March calling for FAC sid to the Cen-
tral African River Communications Agency (ACCF) in the amount _
of 150 million CFA franca. The money will go to buy equipment,
spare parts~ xnd radio a3?stems. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Mar 79 p 818] 6182
C30: 4~400
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CNAD
lUNO AC~tIT!8 9IGN8R5 MU9T COMHAT fit'}{NtC DIVI3ION3 1
Parie MARCNa9 TROP2CAUX bT 1~DIT~RRAtiE~N3 in P'sreah 2q Mar 79 p?3~
[Ztixt] FROLYIUT [Chad Nationsl Lib~ration Front] had !o ~ra,it ~ors than 10
~r~sars !or lbli r~oognition b~r th~ politioal wthoriti~s in ltd~na. H~n~-
lorth it xill b~ an aaerptwd laat. Thir historio dswlo~~sut is sss~ntislry
the oatooM o! th~ xat~o oonl~r~ncs fro~ xhiah !~x obdsrwrs ~ it will b~
r~oall~d~ ~ocp~ot~d atyr positiw susults. l~o~r th~ first tia~ diii~r~nt
laotious of t,h~ r~b~l osganisation atd. not ~ast on~ o! ite prs,so~rss~mrnt
s1~Mets i~ p~inipatin6 in ab~d'� antral ~owsarat.
Psrsid~nt To~baiba~n haQ oall~d for h~lp fro~ P'Y+~noh troaps in 1968 !o
or~~r to oap~,w~th xhat bs d~sarib~d aa th~ aotiriti~s of "piil,~rs" aad
"bat~dits" in Tib~~ti. In riew ot t,h~ taat that todsy th~s~ pil3~zr haw
~~ght abont ths srco~gnition bq a11 ot th~ parti~s in~olv~d in th~ Qh~dian
~ co~afl.i~t of th~ politioal tW?tusr of t~h~ lightfn~ that rssult~d iro~ protats
againat extortion by Ssre~ o!`liaials, !'ranc~ bas nature?ll~r swn fh~ aoa-
eeqneno~a of this n~x sitvation tbst haa ~~s~d is~ the ltano ~ntesrno~.
If aa intss~sl consetmua ~ str~r~ghen~d b~r ~naour~+rnts !'roa a~ighborie~g
caantries, app~ar~d to sat~gua~d th~ unit~ aad ths sov~rsignt~ of Ch~d~ ths
psvs~no~ o! ~nch troaps xill ao lae~r bs rintain~d si~ "t~~ir ~isaion
xonld havs dissolr~d," aa Mr Pi~rr~ Huat, an S1~ apok~enaa~ ptrt it o~n
20 March 19?9.
A d~fsnss oauittes ~setit~ nith Prssid~nt Giscas+~ d~Estaing a~ t,l~ s1~
that aaas ds~ haQ 3nst d~cidsd oa the "p~ra6rsssir?r xithdrsxal" of ths
P'r~nch troaps (~osr thaa 2,500 a~a) atation~d in Ched. This is b~it~ dsn~
"in agrse~snt with ttpu Chadian a~thoriti~s,�
Th~ Chadi~n so~nra~nt xill b~ c.lsat~ging its atsuatns+~ b~ginnin~ ott 23 Maroh
19?9 (ase th~ aaao~panritg as~ials oa th~ ao~nt of ths Kano ~sn~Nnt~).
It xill bd so~ ti~ bstos+~ a dclinitiw sttitud~ xill e~s~ r~esdins
France�a roi~ in th~ ~ilitary as~a aad th~ oivil ooop~ration atw.
Sti?sn though the Kano conf~srnca uounta to a d~aisivs ~tep toxssd a r~tnrn
!,o psacs in Chad the t~x authoriti~a xill bs put to a esrssr t~st. ?h~~
Mi11 haw to g~t the ~od~rn aeator o! Chad�s sconoyr in gs~ur ag~in and r~-
11
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ators ooniid~noe. It xill be nscs~sas~r to oontinu~ ths pro~~ot~r that are
nurrsn~ly und~rwsy and r~~uv~n~ts thoss that hi?td~bNn absndon~ du~ to ths
ailitar~r eitua~ion~ It is isporl,e~nt ttu~t th~ Kano agr~e~ents not bs ooniinsd
~o pap~r ~?nd that they bs rssli~~d in ths for~ o! tsatiotusl rieonoiliatioa.
Thie ie not i~possible~ in epits of ahst had besn eaid snd in ~pita of the
pnblioity in the preee about th~ ~sssaars o4 perhspe eev~sral thonsand ~osl~c~r
in the aoutttr~?~ s southern r~gions.
Ths ~thnic situation it~ Chad ia no sors unususi than that faund in its
iusdi~te tNi6hbors snd ths ~a~ority oi Airioan oountri~s. If ons ~nre to
define a oosle~ irox the nos~h ae a Dar-e1-lel,aa~ hid ethala unit~ does not
sxiat. Ths dirisione within FROLIIGT that haw b~ea ~xac~rbal~d b~r this
div~srrity ar~ po~oot eaongh. l~or is thv eouth nnifi~d. In laat~ Mhsre das
th~ sonth b~giuc't Ttrs antasonisa b~t~n th~ 9ara oi t?hs pU?itis and t!~
"K~d~ray" ~ont~gna~ds ~ or that b~tMSSn th~ ~osl~re a~ed th~ p~,stially
ohristianis~o 9ass~ ars i~rthsr ~rid~noe. _
7'h~ onl~r qtustion that should b~ ask~d at pr~s~nt is xhsth~r or not thas
xho sisnsd th~ Kano agsr~rsnt, th~ rarioua r~ps+~s~ntatirse o! ~ho~ xill huw
to lor~ a 6ows~nNnt in lfd~aasna~ ~?ill aet in good faith on th~ir atat~d
d~sirs to pr~ssrv~ Chad's unit~ and ~tt~otiwly liaht the fero~s t!~?t ar~
thr~atrning t,o tear ths aount:'9 ~P~~ P~laularly ~hoes tba! asr rsoted
in ethnio division.
Ia thie xhsl~ ~atter~ ths encaur~g~~snt o! nsighboring ~ountr~iss xill bs
saeential. Hnt it !e sleo s good bst thst Cb~d xill aall npon Frano~ for
aaeiatano~~ st lsse~ 04 s oi~il natusr~ in oxdsr to put itseli baalc on
the road to dewlopasnt.
The xithdrsMal of French troo~pe a~nauaced b~? ths Bllsee rstl~cta ths
deaire tor sp~psaes~snt aad d r~aliu?tion of the often citsd principl~~
~ "Africa for the Africaas." It csrtdinl~ dosen't lollo~r that Fraac~ will in
the futuzy bs indiifsr~nt to Chad's doMatic aituation. The rol~ e! loss~r
colonisl pox~r has its obligatio~s. I! Paris fulfilla thes~ obli6ations
in the tuturs xith sxactituds and p~rae~rsrancs it oannot h~lp bat xin
the iriendship of Chad aa xell aa ths rset o! Atri~a.
OOPYRIGHT~ Paria, R~ns Morewc at Cie.~ 1979
7779
C30t 4400
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CNAD
ACREEMENT PROVIDING FOR CEASE-FIRE THROUGHOUT CHAD 5IGNED
Parie NAR0~9 TROPICAUX ET M~YTSRRAl11QN9 in Frsnch 23 Nar ?9 P?3~
_ [Text] ~n agres~ent xas signsd in Kano (Bagauds) on 1~ Maroh 19'T9 ~oiloniiug
5 daye o! n~goti~tions b~twNn psxti~s im?olwd in t.!� Chsdisn qn~sti,on.
Parliaipsnts inolud~d th~ pr~~rid~nt o! Ohad~ C~n~sal ltallou~, Pri~s l~iaistrr
Hiss~ia Nabr~ ~ txo 1~AOLTtGT (llotiot~aal !'roat for tM Idb~ratisn a~ Ch~!)
laatioive r~prissnt~d b~r th~ ~d,a (Tibbu) cihl~! lro~ Tib~sti ~ Coukour! Oa~d~i ~
apd a~sa 1~aQ~r !`ib~ Ksn~a~ Abonbakar Abd,raha~a~, ar ~nli as th~ Pap~sl,as~
MowMSt~t !or thr Lib~sstiot? of Ch~d~ {~N !01'N1' "~AOLIINT ?h11d A17~~" atid
~inist,~ria1 d~i~ations iro~ Nl~eria, Nig~~r~ t~ Sndan~ Caa~s~oon~ aad Lib~rs.
A delegation x+~pr~sentiag Dr Abba 3lddiok~s iollawin~ r?i;,hia ~OLII~AT
att~nd~d th~ si~nning oi t.hs agrNMnt but difl not pas~tioipat~ ia th~ dis-
auseione. Mr Aoyl Ah~d, h~ed oi F'~OLINA'~-90LCAl~~ whioh Se aatiw in O~sddsi ~
Mas not pres~t~t but r~ntly etat~d t.bat h~ Mas srad~ to resp,icti tM Lano
agres~snt as ~oon as F's~snah troap~ l~a~rs C~d.
Ths agrseasnta as~s to talce sii~ct on 23 Mas+oh 1979. A s~cend cont~r~nc~ 1A
Bagauda Se p~snnsd For 1 April 1979 in orasr to wrify the i~pleNntation
of the agrs~~snt.
The doauMnt thst xaa eign~d b~r ~tl~s vario~ua parties naasd abon~ a copy of
xhich xae Qs~ovidsd b~r Al'P, provldse for a o~ase-lis+~ thronghhtt Chad. It
ordere nsutrality on ths pa~ct of Chad s~adio a~ad the d~Rilitarisatio~ of
Nd~aaena. All axs~d loroes xill b~ rsquis~d to r~~e~in at l~sast 100 ka lroa
ths eapital.
Obsssves~s iro~ n~ighbor~ng canrtriea (Caa~roon~ Libya~ liigsr~ aad ths 3ndau),
whoss safet~ xill bs guarsnt~~d b~r ~xolusiwl~r Aig~riau "n~utxal trovps~~
will uonitor ths application of ths agre~Nnt�e ps~o~rieione. Onsrstriat~d
aovement ot oivilia~ xill also bs guazantMd.
~ The ei8nsrs af ths agses~snt have also deoid~d to setablieh an indepst~d~nt
oontrol co~ulaalon that ~+ill b~ t~sadquart,~src! in ltd~a~ens. It xill b~
coaposed of tNO rspr~s~ntativsr lro~ each ot tbs four nsighboriu6 countrie~~
13
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plue Nigsria xhioh ui11 ohair ths Qoaeisuipn~ and s s+~prsesntatiw of saoh
oi' the faur Chadisn faations ths~ signsd ths agsr~Mnt~ The oouission's
�i~sion will b~ to ovsrese ~he sppiioation of ths o~ass�lSr~ and tlw
nsutrality of stidio broadeaets a,~ ~nil ae the pr~wn~ion o! pirat~ r~dio
bradoaats. ~t xiil also ~onitor ths ~stmbiishwnt ot s tYanritieut gonnrn-
~snt of nstionsl unit~ that ~ ps+o~ridsd for tr~r the aas+~s~snte.
Thie go~rorn~snt, oonposed a! ~Ehs ~our itotione that slsnsd tl~ agrNrnt aad -
op0n to sll reaogni~ed aow~nts tha~ aocept ~ agr~~~snt, ~riil b~aoM th~
eol~ Chadisn gevsrarsntsl authorst~ aftwr 23 March 19?9. it Mill harn to ~ -
spply ths d~oirion for a g~nn~ra7, aatusty (r~l~as~ o! ali poiitia?1 d~tsin~~a
and all pri~011e1'a 0! M~'~ ~1bt N8~ ~t Of tIN KbliO t~1~ANnt. it xiii aLLilo
oonc~rn itsslf ~rith ths rstust? ot Chadian exiles. This gowra~nt wili ~
d~tersias ths oountr~?' e politioa]. ir~tur~. Frse elsatione Mill then bs
osganized.
Ths preesnc:s of P`s~enoh troope in Chad ie the sole prsragatiw of the
govern~snt of natione,], unit~.
Ail oi ths pr~rent inetitutiona in ths aountr~ will bs ~iesoiwd on 23 Maroh
19'1'9. This inoludss the prssid~nay~ ths pres~nt govsruwnt~ th~ del~nse
co~itt~s~ a~d tfw nstionsl unity cabinet~ sll ~stsblishsd b~ th~ aharbr
of Avgnat 19'l8. Thsrs Mill aLso b~ s g~nsral rsassignNnt to all poeta o!
rsapo~+eibilitT and a diseolution of the present ~ilitsr~r ioras in lavor oi
a unifisd a~s~.
The agrse~snt's pr~aRble e~sasisee ths deterai~ution of sll th~ parti~s to
"preeerve Chad'e unity arLd integrity." It sleo urldsrscoreia thsir d~sirs to
"reestablish psacs~ eecurit~~ aad confidsncs at sll lev~sls."
C:~PYRIGHT~ Pe~rie~ Rene Morsux ~t Cie.~ 1979
?779
Cso~ 4400
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CHAD
SOUTHERN CHADTANS SAID TO BE OKGAN=ZZNG POL=TZCALLY
Paris JEUNE AFRIQU~ in French 2 May 79 p 22
[Ar~3c].e by Jos-Blaise A11ma: ~~Southern Chadians Organize"]
[Text~ Chad3an diplomats abroad f3nd themselves in ~n uncom-
for~able situation. Since the beginning of February they have
been effect3vely cut off from their homeland and have rece3.ved
no directives from Government authorities. "No Chadian diplo-
mat has received hi$ salasy since the mon~h of Jaaiuaxy~ P3~rre
Toura Gaba~ Chadian ambassador to Wash3ngton, conf3ded to us in
a recent telephone conversation.
According to certain rumors, which he denies, Mr Gaba was al-
leged to have gone to Bangui recently to speak with Emperor ~
Bokassa an behalf of the FtJS [Front Un3 du Sud; Un3.ted Southern
Front], an insurrectionist movement which is trying to work out
something with Southerners, who are convinced that cohabitation
with Northerners has become impossible.
The man who, rightly or wrongly~ is currently being represented
a~ a secesaionist leader is an old hand at the polit3.ca1 profes-
sion. Alon with Gabriel Lisette, of Antillean origin, he found-
ed the PPT ~Parti progressiste tchadien; Chadian Progressive Par-
ty~, and re resented his country at the Constitutional Congress
of the RDA ~Rassemblement democratique africain; African Demo-
cratic Assemblage] at Bamako in October 1946. In his role as
m3nister of agriculture in the first Government of the indepen-
dent nation of Chad after 1958, Pierre Toura Gaba appeared to be
a favorite in the raae for the presidency. But France was to �
make a different choice: Francois Tombalbaye, who after indepen-
dence made Pierre Toura Gaba his minister of foreign affairs.
Dissensions were not long in arising within the new Government~
however, s~~~l office-holders who got in the way were soon e~ected.
Gaba was among this group. Accused of subversion, he was arres+-
ed in July 1962 and deported to the BET [expansion unknown] where
~5
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he we~ ~o rema~.n for a number of yeare before be~.ng ~.~.berated
and re~.n~~a~ed. Thus in ~.967 he was appo3.n~ed ambaesador ~o ~he
FRG. For P3.erre Toura Gaba' however~ ~hia appo~.n~men~ was no~ a
promo~ion. The head of s~ate had ~aken ~his s~ep 3.n order ta
keep h~.m a~ a d~.g~~nce .
Tb~ break oame ~.n December ~.973. Gaba nois~.ly announoed his
res3.gna~ion and crea~ed an opposi~3on movemen~ which was kept
ra~her qu3et ~ es~ab~.ish3.ng h3mse~.f ~.n Europe. H:Ls po~.i~3.c~1
future seemed com~romised when Tomba~.baye~s Governmen~t was over-
thrown in Apr~.l ~.975. The mi].it;ary commi~~ee which ~ook control
, 3.n N~D~amena gent out a.n appeal. to ~he few engineers of the coun-
try~ and th3.a was the occasion for bringing Toura Gaba 'back into
circula~3on. General Mal~.oum first made him hie d3.plomatio ad-
visor and then sent him to Washington in i977.
. This, ~hen, is the man who is looked upon as the spokesman for
the demands of Chadian Southerners. He wou~.d be ~he last ~o deny
the ex3.stence in the m3.nds of his "racial brothers" of a deep-
1.yin~ sentiment of frustration born of the events of February.
From h3.s deluxe office 3n the now famous Watergate Complex on ~he
_ banks of the Potomac, however~ he vehemently d3savows claims that
he is the coordinator of FUS activities.
~
"The mon who wan~s to kill his dog claims ~hat i~ has rabies~"
says Toura Gaba. And he harshly criticizes the poisonous campaign
now raging in Chad: "E~rerything is happening as if they abaolutely
wanted to force ~he Southerners into making a last-ditch stand."
Nonetheless~ the existence of a United Southern Front is a fact~
and its origins go back to the dark days of the civil war. It
was then a question of a s3mple assemblage of high officials and
dignitaries of the former Goverrunent~ all natives of the South.
The regional nature of the movement could leave no doubt as to
its goals~ chief of which was tc organize the movement towards
the South of those population groups whose safety could no longer
be assured in the capital and in the northern part of the coun~ry.
But it was also necessary to convince these offici~ls to regain
their posts~ and this was no easy task: first, because the pres-
ent power remained basically unstable; but aiso because certain
Western nations were not afraid to voice their sympathy for the
creation of a"Logone Nation" in the South~ des3gnated as a"ser-
viceable Chad" by reason of its economic and human potential.
Meetings were held periodically among Southerners either at Doba
or Sarh, to "straighten out details." Was the secession to be
declared?
1.6
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E~rery~h~.ng wou~d depend u1~3.ma~e~.y on ~he manner in whioh ~he
members of ~he Prov~.sionaJ. Na~~.on~~. Counc~.~ ~uoaeeded in reao~.v-
ing ~he preeen~ ~ensiona. Abr~enae of a oonsenaus oould ~.n f~ct
~ parauado ~he ~~ron~ man of ~Y.e South~ Colonel Wada]. Kamougue, ~o
c:rny~ ~;he Rub:LQOr~. The former chie~ oi' ~h~ e~u~e po~.~.ae i~ ndw
more than ever the oa~a~.ye~ ~.n ~he ~~.~ua~ior~. rt is his a~ti-
tude tha~ w~.11. e~.ther ~opp].e ~he balance and move ~he South tow-
ard seoe~sion or else prea~~e ~he uni.ty of ~ho na~ion.
COpYRIGHT; Jeune Afrique GRUPJYA 1979
8117
cso: 4400
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4HANA
BRIEFS
ECONOMIC SITUATION REPORTEDLY SOMBER--In a recent bulletin, dated 30 March,
. the OBCE (Belg3an Off3ce of Foreign Trade) draws a rather aomber picture of
Ghana's present economic and financial situation. The Office streases that
lacking foreign exchange, and therefore unable to procure the nece$sary im~
port licenses, most of the firms, which depend on foreign eourcea for�90~per-
cent of their rax materials supplies, are operating at only 20 percent of
their capacity, and that the two main income-producing products--cocoa and
lumber--are stead3.ly increasing their sharp decline, while inflation and
amuqgling, on the other hand, are reaching disturbing proportions. In sum-
mary, the Office has little faith in the beneficia]. effecta of the auaterity
budget which went into effect last September (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET I~DITER-
_ RANEE~15 of 22 September, p 2521), and it sees no improvement of the situation
appearing in the short term. [Text) [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDTTERRAN-
F.,ENS in French 6 Apr 79 p 878) 11267
CSO: k400
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LIBER7'A
RESULTS OF PRESIDENT'S OFFICIAL VISIT TO F1tANCE NOTED
Paria MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Mar 79 p 815
[Article: "PresidenC Tolbert in official visit to France; A Widened
�Cooperation"]
[Text] The official French visit, from 22 to 24 March, of tihe Liherian
chief of sCate, Mr William Tolbert, is an event Chat will make ita mark,
in the sense that it will spectacularly give concrete expression to the
wiah expreased by France, to establish relations of balanced cooperation
not only with the African Francophone countriea, but also with all the
other countries of the continent.
This wish had already expressed itself clearly in the trip taken from 4
Co 12 December in Anglophone and Lusophone WesC Africa by the secretary
of state for Foreign Affairs, Mr Oliver Stirn. This trip, while it wa~
directly linked to the visit that President Valery Giscard d'Estaing was
going to pay to Guinea, ahould also be seen in the context of the prepa--
rations for the Franco-African conference of Kigali, as well as in that
of the wider pro~ect, dear to Paris, of the creation of an Eurafrique
(M1'M 22 Dec p 3982).
Liberia had at that time been Che first non-Francophone country to agree
to sending an observer at Che next Franco-African conference in Kigali
next May. Its chief of state and that of Sierra Leone had both agreed to
come to France in the beginning of th~.s year, the former on an of�icial
visit, and the latter in a private capacityR 4men he received Che Li6erian
minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Cecil Dennis, on 6 February, Mr Oliver
Stirn was supposed to confirm the arrival of Mr Tolbert, as well ae the
presence of a Liberian observer at the Franco-African summit, and he was
expected to emphasize the fact that Mr Tolbert would be the next president
of the Organization of African Unity (MTM 9 Feb p 323). This organization
. is to hold a summit in Manrovia in July.
Liberia, where the French president will most likely go on an official
visit in the course of this year, and which he sees as a factor of equil-~
ibrium in Africa and a link between progreasives and conservatives, will
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also occupy the front of Che Af ricnn stiage in ~he �ollowing montha. With
good reason we devoted to Liberia two importiant art~.clea--one of ehem
purely ~conomic, in our ieaues of 20 ~nd 2~ October 1978, and the other of
~ A mc~re general nature under the ti~1e, "Liberia, Essential Link in an
Euro-AErican Po11cy," in our 2 March iasue. Indeed, we pointed out at
the ti~ne of the publication of th~.s second article, Chat an economic m~.s-
aion o.F the DREE [Direction of ExCernal Economic Relations] was expecCed ~
to be ~.n Monrov3a from 5 tio 8 March, and thati anotiher economic misaion,
that o:E the CNPF [National Council of French EmployersJ was going to be
there ;in April.
~ Mr Tolbert's so~ourn in Paris was, therefore, not an isolated event, and
it belunga in the contexe o� exchanges and relations on the peraonal level, ~
before these evolve inCo trade and cooperation. ~
The conversations which the Liberian president had wiCh Mr Valery Giscard
d'Esta~.ng and with the prime minister, Mr Barre, as we11 as with other
person:~ in Che poliCical world, seem Co have been fruitful, even though
they aumetimes touched upon delicate sub~ects--such as that of the houses
of p1eF~sure in front of the Intergovernmental Consultative Maritime Organ-
ization (OMCI), and Chat of respect �or present regulations concerning
payment �or damages caused by a ship (the Amoco Cadiz, for example). These
poinks were, it must be noted, mentioned "quite firmly" by Mr Barre.
It was in a climate o� cordiality that various minor diplomatic and polit-
ical di.fferences were brought to light--notably on the sub~ect of French
interve:ntion in Shaba, or of Western, particularly French dealings with
Southexn Africa. These differences seem to have been ulCimately resolved
(Presiclent Tolbert, observers believe, has'never had real personnel griev-
ances ~gainst France, only formal grievances). Paris and Monrovia have
~ therefc~re decided to wor.~: more than ever together, notably for the OAU
[Organization of African UniCy], whose vigor they want to restor.~ on the
occasion of its next summit. BuC, in exchange, the French prime miniater
expres:~ed the wiah Chat the African atate take advantage of its position
of pref~ident of the Organization to carry out the idea suggested by
Presid~:nC Giscard d'Estaing--of another summit, which would be tripartite,
including Europeans, Arabs and Africans.
On the other hand--in this case on a purely bilateral plane--the two coun-
tries ~e~oiced at the common agreement to develop their relations.
Preside.nt Tolbert disclosed that a French firm had completed in Monrovia
last year one of the most modern bridges ever built, and that another one .
would be finished in a few months. But he expressed the wish that French
firms located in Liberia--about 20 at the moment--insCead of dealing only
with cammunications and forestry, should also concern themselvea with
such s~ctors as the food industry, fishing, housing and port inatallations.
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Two Accorda o� Cooperation
Two accords signed on 23 March by Mr. Jamea T. Phil~.ips, L~.berian minister
of Finance who wae accompanying President Tolbert, snd hia French oppoaite
number Mr Monory, ahould promot~ cooperation.
One of Chese accords, drawn up last 27 January, concern~ mutual promotiion
_ and protection nf investments. IC sets up incenLivea ior the development
of French investments in Liberia, thus assuring better protection of tihe
interests of boCh parties.
Aa for the second accord, prepared in Monrovia at the beginning of March
' in three days of negotiations behind cloaed doors, it sers up a framework
wiehin which economic and technical cooperation between Che two countries
wi11 develop. This cooperation had, indeed, been the sub~ect of a meeting
on 3 March, day of the signing, between President Tolbert l~imself and Mr
0liver S~irn.
At the present time the total of bilateral assistance between France and
- Liberia amounts to 400,000 dollars. This aid includes, notably, the
presence of a counselor for French Studies and aix French profeasors
teaching at the University of Monrovia, in secondary schools, and at the
InsCituCe of French Studiea which opened last year. This institute is
equipped with an audio-visual laboratory furnished by France. Two French
experts are also working in the Liberian rubber industry. Finally, within
the framework of this asaisCance, France off ers to 22 young Liberians Che
opportunity to aCudy in France.
After leaving Paris and before returning to his country, the Liberian chief
of state was going to Algiers, on 25 March, for "a'visit of friendship and
work" lasting four hours, in the course of which he cnet with his opposite
number, Mr Chadli hendjedid. His conversations were centered essentially
around the problems of the Western Sahara, Southern Africa, the Near East
and inter-African conflicts, precisely within the perspective of the coming
summit meeting of the OAU.
Finally, immediately upon his return to Monrovia on the evening of the 25th,
the Liberian president congratulated himself on the re~sults of his trip,
~ and the accords that were its fruit, and he expressed the assurance that
the cooperation and friendship between the two countries would grow.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux & Cie., Paris, 1979.
9347
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LZBERIA
BRIEFS
FRG AID--The German Federal Republic has promised Co make a grant of DM
20.2 million to Liberia, following a visit Co Bonn by a Liberian delegation
- hended by Mr Franklin Neal, miniater of the Economy and the Plan, between
19 and 21 March. Of this amount, DM 9.2 million will be allocated to Cech-
nical aid, notably f or an integrated program of development in the Nimba
region, and the remaining DM 11 million will be used to �inance a supply of
drinking water for Che population. [Text] fParis MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERItANEENS in French 30 Mar 79 p 815] .
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MAURITtUS
IMPLtCATIONS OF SUCCESS OP LYBYAN VI3IT DI3CUS3ED ,
Paris ApRIQUE-ASIA in French 2-15 Apr 79 pp 24-25
~Article by Herve Maseon: "Reconversion of Ramgo~lam? After a visit to
Libya, wili Mauritius leadere reorient their whole policy?")
[TextJ "Our vieit to Libya wiil have been a'hiatoric miaeion'," Mauritian
prime minister, Sir Seewoogagur Ramgoolam~ declared upen hie return to the
ieland. It was aC the end of a week's eo~ourn in Libyan Jamahiriya~ vhere
a Mauritian delegation had gone to negotiate with Colonel Kadhdhafi for
economic and financial aid.
Since 1977 the island of Mauritiu8 has had to face a grave economic crisie,
which became more serious in 197$. The foreign debt amounts to more thaa
a billion and a half france, that ie Co say the equivalent of a quarter
of the PNB [Gross National Product~ of Mauritius. The price of sugar has
gone down epectacularly on the ~rorld market~ ahich posee a serioua problem
for this one-crop country. Production of tea. ahich had until no~r been
totally abaorbed in South Africa~ no longer finds buyers, as Pretoria re-
fusea to pay a preferential tariff for thia "tea of poor quality." The
Western powers and the World Baak are more and more reticent. The national
budget for operatione and development hae ehawn~ for several yeare, a
frighrening deficit. it is coaeequently indispeueible for the Mauritanian
Governmenr to find a new eource of economic aid. The prime minister there-
fure decided to address himaelf to Libya.
After a week's etay in Tripoli he obtained satiefactioa. The 1~lauritiaa
delegation returned to Mauritiue in a atate of euphoria. The Arab Socail-
iat Popular Republic of Libya will train cadree end will provide scholar-
shipa to Mauritian students in varioue disciplines. It will recruit
qualified workere to go to work in Libyan Jamahiriya, and `rill finance a
housing plan. Furthermore, Libya will be ready to buy, in 1980, 3,500
tona of Mauritiaa tea, even though it is "of poor quality~" in order to help
Mauritius overcome its dependence on South Africa. In its totality. Libyan
aid will amount to nearly 200 millioa rupees (140 million francs).
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Hue thi~ eid he~ not bQen gr~ne~d without compeneation~ iC remaine condi-
tiongl. The Mauritian Gov~rnm~nC h~d, i.a effece, tio re~tgn itaelf to r~-
vieing it~ foreign policy, her~tofore "moderate" ~nd ptiacCically aligne~ with
eh~ W~e~. While providing itis aid~ ehe Libyan Government wi.ll make ~udge-
menta ad aerl.arim. The twists~ turns and eontradictions of t~~~~itian
diplomacy ere~ iedeed, too weii known to invite giving credence to mere
promiees and aituaeionai deciarations. But oa~ m~y bet that, eince he hae
d~riv~d eh~ qui~nt~eeenc~ of what he cen hop~ for from W~stprn aid, ~ince he
i~ grow~.tg old ~he is 79) and ie, at heart, eincerely natinnalistic, the
pr~.m~ minieter wiil keep hie word, at le~et for the time baing~
Hoaever that may be, Sir Ramgoolem hee signed a~oint communique which
commite him, and which rieke cgusing some commotione in the OAU~ particularly
ie the Indian Ocean. One may ~udge for oneself: The ~oint Mauritio-
Libyan communique pledges cooperation, solidarity and etruggle against
raciem and imperialism; the Mauritian Government commite itself to "taking
political actioa in concert with the Libyan Jamahiriya in international
forums." The two paYties express the opinion that ermed etruggle ie the
only way to liberate the oppreseed peoples of Africa~ notably, of courae,
those of Southern Africa.
' They commit Chemeelves to upholding all li~beration movements which are
_ etruggling in Africa against raciem and colonialiam. They demand the dis-
mantling of imperialiat bases installed on African aoil. They advocate~
in the Weatern Sahara, a~ust and equitable peace which "would take into
account the will of ita inhabitaate."
Furthermore~ the tao delegatione condemned all attempta at a Mid-East
settlement Which would not take into account the righte of the Paleatinian
people. They commit themselves to lending their support to the latter'g
etruggle for reatoring their rights, including thoee of returning to their
country and "living as in a free aud independent nation." Finally, the
Port-Louis daily LE MAURICIEN affirms that Sir Ramgoolam committed himaelf
to aupporting any motion preaented ta the OAU concerning the independence
of Reunion i~sland. Ia short~ in this ~oint communique the Mauritiaa Govern-
ment commite itself to a policy radically oppoaed to the one they had
previouely practiced.
One can imagine the repercuaelona that euch a reversal of policy cannot fail
to cause in political (and economic) circles in countries along the coaet
of this portion of the Indian Ocean. These repercussions are likely to
lead to serious rifts, notably in Pretoria and among partieans of the Freach
department of Reunion. One may even expect reprieals. The island of
Mauritius is totally dependent on South Africa for the imp~rtation of aome
food products of prime necessity. Furthermore, the Port-Louis Government
was prep,aring to aek for an increase of Freach aid (30 millioa rupees,
that is 20 million francs), profiting from the visit to ~iauritiue of Mr
Robert Galley~ French minister of Cooperation. It ie to be expected that
the French Reunion department lobby vill exert pressure on the French
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mini~C~r eo re�uee tht~ incre~ae. ~inxlly, South Africa and Reunion are, by
�ar, the tiwo principa~. clienCe nf M~uritiue in Che eoutiieC Ctiede, rhe ieland's
second industYy after sugarl
- WhaC Will Che Furure Bring?
Anothpr repercusaion not to be neglected is the likely responee of the PMSD
(Mauritian Sociai Uemocratic Party~ o� Gaetan Duval, indiepeneible partiner
o� the Labor ParCy in the coalirion Government. Mr Duval and hie �riends
are particularly r,lose to Pretoria, and are by tradition known ae the etrong-
est defendere of Che policy of Weetern imperialiat alignmenti.
If the PMSD ahould choose to withdraw from the Governmene coalition, the
prime miniseer would have to ahooae b~tween the expected general electiona
(which he would find distaeteful) and a epecracular rapprochemene with
the t~fM rMauritian Militane Movement~, the oniy opposition party repreeented
in Parliament~ The 1~4i has, indeed, alwaye advocated the progressive di~lo-
matic poeCures which the Mauritian Government ie preparing to defend hence-
forth. To refuee its suppArt Co the Government on thie very iesue would
be mosC inappropr~ate.
Are thinga moving toward a real rediatribution of the political cards on
the island of Mauritius, with all Chat this would imply for that whole
region of the Sauthwe$tern Indian Ocean? Or else is this only a brueh
fire? It remaine for the near future to tell us.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Afrique-Asie
9347
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~
~ s
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MozaMSxqv~
BRI~FS
NATIONALI2ATIONS ROUNDUP FOR 1978--During 1978, the office of industrial pro-
duction ~nd trade control in the Mozembican province of Sofala, xh3ch has re-
sponsibility for 345 abandoned enterprises, went ahead With changeover or
merger of some of them. Othera uere ~ransferred to the competence of certain
ministries or mass democratic structurea. (~xc~rptJ (Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
Er t~DITERRANEEN3 in French 6 Apr 79 p 891~ ii267 .
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z~BrA
FINANCE MINI3TER PRE3ENTS BALANCED 1979 B~GET
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEN3 3n French 30 Mar 79
p 886
[Text] The 1979 budget �or Zambia,.presented to the'Lusaka.Par-
13ament 3n ~ate January by Mr Joahua Lumina, min3eter of finance
and techn3cal cooperat3on~ is 3n balance at 849�4 million kwacha
(1 KZ � 5�45 French franca).
Revenues wi11 cover 483.9 mill3on KZ of the government~B regular ~
resources, and the balance of 265�5 KZ will be covered by vari-
ous loans (4i million KZ in d~mestic loana, 149�5 in foreign
loang, and 75 million KZ in ,short-term bank loans).
Ordinary expenditures will amount to 72$.5 m311ion KZ~ 321 mil-
lion of which will go to the ministries and 123.9 million of
which will be earmarked for investment apend3.ng.
Budgeted expenditurea for the gov~arnment depar~ments break- down
as follows (in millions o� KZ):
Education and Culture 108.$
Agriculture and Water 48�3
Health 55�4
Public Works.�������������������������������������� ZZp~l~ -
Police.�������������������������������������������� ZO~Z
In presenting the budget to Parliament, Mr Lum3na pointed out
that regular spending will increase only slightly in 1979 over
the previous year, when it amounted to 725 million KZ, and that
investment 8pending will be lower, down from 154.8 million to
123.9 millfon KZ.
The 19~8 budget was presented at the time as the expresaion of
an austerity policy. Th~e government~s objective today, however,
is a substantial reduction in Zambia~s balance of paymenta.i defi~it~
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a~~hou~h ~he ~conom~.c p3c~ure ga~.~ed ~o ~.mprove over ~he year. ,
G~.v~n tih~~ ~~~ti~ o~ a~ffeir~, on~.y agaen~~.al pub~.3.c serv~.aers
(Git'1.) wi'L1 bc~ ~ur~dc~d by ~u~t~b~e budgnbary m~amur~s.
Fi~Ca~. M~g~sura~
Pending complete regul.a~3on of pr3ces and wage~, the rulee �nr
whi~H are ~o be announced 3n Apr~.J , wages 3.n ~he publ3.c sec-
tor have been �rox~n ~nd ~hoae 3n ~he pr3.vate ~ector 13.mi~ed
~o ~.ncr~~aea of 6 percent per mon~h. Pr3ce controla have been
1i~ted to enab~e compan3.es to aak more '~real.3at3c" re~a31 pr~.-
aes for ~heir products.
So ~is to so�~en bhe 3mpac~ o� infl.at3.on on household 3ncomea~
direct 3nc~me ~axes w311 be reduced by 5 percent as of 1 Apr3.1
1g7g, and corporate incomes wi11 be taxed a~ 48 percent instead
of tihe present SO percent level.
On ~he otiher hand~ excise taxea on beer wi11 go up by 5 ngwee
ngwee a 0.01 KZ) per bottl.e~ and the tax on gasol3ne w311
go up by 2 ngwee per liter. Taxea on mineral productg w311
rise From 10 to 20 percent o� value.
Economic Po13cy
Mr Lumina apelled ou~ ~he government~,~s economic policy for 1979�
In addition to lowering the balance of paymenta deficit~ men-
bioned above~ and payment o� arrears on orders placed abroad~
it will be oriented toward increasing procluction~ creating new
jobs, cushioning the impact of inflation on the people~s stan-
dard of l3ving, cutting down on government loans from pr3vate
banks (75 million KZ in 1979 in place of the 107 mi113on KZ in
1978)~ and attracting new inveatora to Zambia.
The minister told Parliament that he views the future of Zambia~s
economy with "very prudent optimism." Performance by the min-
ing sector in 1978 was in fact b8tter than in 1977� The mining
companies are in healthier financial shape. Copper production~
654,000 tons in 1978~ was down slightly~ but the spectacular '
upsurge in cobalt prices had a general tonic effect. Manufac-
turing p:oduction was up in real value by ~ perceat~ whereas it
had declined by 6.2 percent in 1977� Allowance must be made,
however, for the 10-percent devaluation of the kwacha in 1978.
In~lation will be curbed somewhat, Mr Lumina said, but would
still be running at around 17 percent annually. Currency in
circulation over the 12-month period ending in September 19~8,
dropped by 8.~ percent.
Of the tot�al aid of 357.6 million KZ in SDRs obtained from the
IMF, Zambia in 1978 iS3 million, and the Fund is expected to
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be ~atiefied with ~he aontro~ meaeureg wr3.tten ~.nto the 2amb3an
budget. Along ~he~e 13nag~ it is notewor~hy ~ha~ ata~e sub~3~
dio~ w:~ll be cat b~ak from 44.2 mil~~.on KZ ~n 1978 to 3~�4 m~.l-
13on KZ ~.n i9~9. ~or agriaul~tiure, among othera, they w~,1Z be
elashed by a thi.rd for oorn~ dropp3ng ~0 12 mil~.ion KZ. Suba3-
d3es for the purchase of fert3lizer (4.3 mi].J.3on KZ in 1978)
wi~.l be abol3.shed.
Controls w~.Zl be kep~ on 3mports~ desp3.te the el3ght rise in
the value of exporta 3n 1978. There are no grounds for expeat-
3ng any growth in manufaaturing prodaotion ~n those geator~
wh3ch depend on impor~s for their plants or ~he3r raw mater~.al.s.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux & C3e.~~`Par3e~ ig79
6182
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