JPRS ID: 8469 TRANSLATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000100050040-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 21
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 40
• Content Type: REPORTS

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2i MAY i979 CFOUO 7r79) i OF i
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JpRS L/8469
a i M~y is 7s
~ s ~
TR~ISLATIONS.ON T~LECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RESEARCN~AND DEYELOP~ENT
(FOUO 7/19) ~
_ U. S. JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESE~?RC~i SERVICE ~
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NOTE
JPR, publtcatitons contain informaCion primarily from f~reign
newepapers, periodicals and booke, buC aleo from news agency
tiranemissione and broadcasCs. Materials from fnretgn-l~nguage
sources are translated; those from Engl~sh-language sources
gre tiranscribed or reprinted, with the original phras4ng and
oCher characCeriaeice reCained.
Headlines, editorial reportn, and material enclosed in bracketis
[J are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [TexC]
or [Excerptj in the firaC line of each item, or following the
last lire of a brief, indicaCe how the original information was
processed. Wh~re no procesaing indicaCor is given, the infor-
. mation was aummarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar nam~s rendered phonetically or transliteraCed are
enclosed in parenCheses. Words or names preceded by a quea-
tion mark and encloaed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unatCributed parenChetical not~s within the body of sn
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The contents of this publication in no way represent Che poli-
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COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GO~VERNING 0'WNERSHIP OF
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r vn ~r ~ i~yr?L uou ~.~u.~
JPRbt L/8469
' 2]. May 19 79
YRANS~ATIONS ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY,
RES~ARCH AND DEVELOPMENT �
cFOVO ~/y9)
CONTENTS PAGE
~ AS IA
INTER-.ASTAN AFFAIItS
Thailand Places Ordex ~or Cross-$ax Sccha~ge,~o With. ~Tfppoq
Electric
. (NIIQCAN KAGYO SHINBUN, 1 Feb 79) 1 ~
JAPAN
' Post, Telecommunications MLnistry Plana 'Telephone Letfer~
Experia~eat
(HAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 24 Apr 79) 2
Fu~ itsu Umeils ?~~a *Iediua~-~Size Cowputet s
(MAIIIICHI DAILY NEWS. 13 Apr 79) 3
VLSI Aasociation Develops 7,000-Gate Logic Device ,
(PlAINICHI DAILX NEWS, 14 Apr 79) 4
Sumitomo Unveils Optical Fiber Composite Cable
(1~lAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 14 Apr 79) 5
Yoshikawa-DI~ Group Strengthens Ties With Sieaene '
(NIKKAN KOGYO SHINBZJN, 1 Jan 7~) 6
Budget for Subsidizing Computer Softvare Pro~ects Approved
(NIIQtAN KOGYO~SHINBUN, 11 Jan 79) 8
Briefs
VLSI 1~lass Production 10
- a - [III - INT - 140 FOUO~
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CONTEN'rS (ConCtnued) , pgg~ ~
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WESTERN EUROPE I
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INTERT.tATIONAY. AFFAIRS . `
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$riefs ~
' Norwegi~ Telephone Equipment to Spain 11 ~
FRANCE _ ~
Space Telecommunicatione Pro~ecti.ons Noted, Diacussed I
(Jacques HoubarC; PARADOXES, Jan-Mar 79) 12
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~ INTER-ASIAN AFFA2RS
THAILAND PLACES ORDER FOR CROSS-BAR EXCHANGES ~I~H NIPPON ELECTRIC
Tokyo N~KKAN KOGYO SHTNBUN in Japanese 1 Feb 79 p 1
[Text] Nippou Electric Company (Tadao Tanaka, preoident) has received an
order for a 40,000 circui.t cloae-bar telephone exchange ~.init and relaCed
equipmen t amounting to 3.25 b ~lli~n yen from the Thai Telephone and Tele- -
gxaph Public Corporation, and Che contract wae signed on the 31at. Thia -
_ may be said to be the largest telephone exchange pro~ect let out by the
Thai government. Since 1967 Chis company has received orders for 40 tele-
phone exchange faailities and about 330,000 close-bar circuits for the Thai ~
capital area from the Thai Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation, which
' was financed by a yen loan. With this last order, this caapany's ordera
from Thai has exceeded a total of 12 billion yen, and Nippon ElecCric has ~
accounted for more than 92 percent of the telephone network about the Thai ~
capital. Installations will begin within 10 months after the signing of
the contract and are expected Co be completed in roughly 2 and one-half
years.
The Thai Government requested a yen loan from Japan for thp purpose of
installing thia telephone network within its capital, and this agreement
was first put in force in 1967. Nippon Electric took this firat order
from the Thai Telephone and Telegraph Corporation of that year as the
opportunity to obtain exclusive ordes rights. Tne company has already dis-
patched more thaa 150 technicians and pro~ect supervisors to Thailand.
~ In addition, the company is also conducting Craining courses in maintenance
technology. There are presently several hundred lhais in Tokyo undergoing
training, and more than 150 ia Bangkok.
According to Nippon Electric, the Thai Telephoae and Telegraph Public Cor-
poration plans to increase its close-bar exchange units by 80,000 circuits
p~r year. ~
COPYRIQiT: Nikkan Rogyo Shinbunsha 1979
2267 -
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l~'Uk Ul~'l~' LCJ AL U:+ t1NLY
.TAi'AN
POST, TELEC01~4NNICATYONS MINISTRY PLANS 'TELFPHONF L~'1'TER' EXPERIMENT
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 24 Apr 79 p 12
~[Text ] The Posts and Telecom� '1'he CCIS has been trans� Niraguna characters, The cosl
muniCations Ministry wili mitting some 11 kinds ot In- ot the mactrine will be nround
transmit "telephone letters" to ' tormatlon including local TV 20,000 yen when mass�
' 2G0 households in the mammoth programs, spots and other pews produced.
Tama New Town housing by CATV to some 500 The Posts and Telecom�
c~mplex in suburban Tokyo in households [n some areas ot the mun tiations Ministry has set
June this year, In an un� huge housing complex slnce asidi~ 26 mUlton yen for the test,
precedented experiment 1978. sourcessaid.
uUliaing a com~nunlty antenna Among the programs, the In the tuture, ministry ot�
television ICATV) system ministry learned, the most ttciais hope, direct mall items
~ there, popular among local restdents will be transmitted to Individual
According to ministry was a"me?nocopy service," homes, thus easing the burden
sources, shopping and other which was designed to send ot mailmen.
community intormation will be memoa by facsimile trom the
sent trom a CATV studio by CC1S center tu 30 households.
coaxial cabie to minf- Residents are delighted with
teleprinters Installed at the 260 thia experiment because
households~ in the (orm ot "memocoptes" are teceived
- letters, In the test to be held tor autom~ticaUy evea when they
the tirst time in the world. are not home.
Olticials hope the trans- Ministry otficials have been
� mission will also be made experimenting with an ad-
possible by. lele~hone cable, vanced version ot this
indicaSin that memocopy service by in-
g postcards. troducing a "home�priater"
lelegrams and other direct n~ail method. ~
items, requlring no secrecy, ~rough this method, of-
~ will be seat in the torm ot letters ticiala repocted~ the CCIS
to individual homes in the
(uture. center will transmit In-
The experiment aill be formation on shopping, public
conducted at the Coaxtal Cable health, traftic and others to
IntormaNon System (CCIS) homes. Residents can even
which is managed by an in- ~a~TY these copies as "handy"
stitute called "Lite-Retlection memos, they added.
' ~ 1 n f o r m a t i o n S y s t e m Thls 15�square centimetcr r
Dev~lopment Institute" chaired "home�Rrinter," which was
~ by Toshlwo Doko, {~resident ot developed late last year. can
Keidanren. print some 3,000 Chlne.ce and
= COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News~ 1979
CSU: 550(~ 2
FOR OFFTCIAL U5E ONLY
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- FUJITSU IJNVEILS NEW MEDIUM-~5IZE COMPUTERS ~ I
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Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in Engl3sh 13 Apr 79 p 5 !
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ThC M~1�e top computer t8Chq010Qy? 811Ch Ae 64K bit' P~It1~ CX~Cl1dCd LlilhpPe). 1
manutacturer FWi!~u Ltd. memory I,BIs .add otben~ The , ayatap~ comple~e ,1~bm' . ~
introduced W~~y~ ~ aew ~'~d~ ~ tbe ~aw modela beatc eotta~re to app~it~lia, ~
cluater ot medium�si:ed 1mp'rovdil tbe CPiJ: ~Mabli~tY ~ rogr~ms' and hat~dw~~re, i
mefatreme comp~ten~-tue F by 'la100 , jienen~- . ~over. We~ ~'u~lta aatd, m t!b oom� ;
e
com M�130F, 1~0~', ~ ibOF 1uM . ex~ 'compahbie M~e0clea puter 6aadle' ta tu' the j
- 160F.-teaturing tpe world's m~chlne,s:~qd expapded ~patn Japmde lu?~w~re Id,~`U� the ~
~ tiratcip~billtyto~t+oc~inthe~~ e~ `~h' 4Y d data rvere a~rftten in ;
al ' ~humerlc cbtr~oterr~ ~ ~or ~
J~~ ta611e the .~ddne ~ sizes Pb
Fu~itau at~td' trie` ~new radwxd DY aa ~h 90 . ~
machfas are ccd orm~nce . peroea~ . . , , ~ ~ ,
compnters lhet com- T}~e. murobM~irae tt~d.the F, e x t e n d e d~ i r'o m~~~t~h e ;
pete aith IBM 4331 adl ~3li ntaeWee't u~e dlbl~ to~r,e~ ~P~�~~~~' '~m? '
medtum-sized coinputers in op~r~tion,; eves~ ~,by �poa- tbe ~lo~r e~ t6e~abda~Wer
~~~~/~o~ , . p~~ ~ :~p~, can: now prooea:.d~fa~4' ~ ~
Tbe matet s~ldUb 1~DF~h'a J a p a n e a e m o d ~i~~ b e
the s~me qxloraiunce u~ tLe ~ ~ehinee a+e cbingied~ "
9031 yet is.prkl~ f0.p~t able to process tlk Jap~nese ~itw s~W the developteaent
ioarer, ~+hile tbe i~OF ant- Ian~ua~e (aenteace: ~~?ith. ot tbe JEF syetem pronll~es
pertorua~ t6e IB%~aischine by .~q~x~ ~b~eae .charaetera ~
16096 at tLe a~nw price. Tbe (~anii~ aod r~aa :ylUbles
ckatakana ~nd hira~u~a):. olhar la~ngwqe~ . ~uc~ : ad ;
la~itht~e~9041a~ndjr~tiap~d~ m~c~inet cnn pro ei K ~ i?~17~bi1. ;
percent loa~r ;v~fdle tlk 16DF ~
t~ero~ ��tl~19 ~
outatHpe !be .~U[ micbWe prbe fa~set at'i mWbn y~ep. ~
~~o~ ac 90 p~c ot we mM py~ua ~lso i~roaucea . a tee ~~1F. ~~6 ~ou ~ea rq~ we i
machineprice,ltbbuded. ~ cempletdy .aea .syatem. for 1~OF~ S.~ AdHia'~~.ibt~ t~e
With tbe use~ oi tbe l~fest , 150F, aed ~.5 mWien yQn bl~ ~be ~
e procelefog : m tb~ Japlloeee 160P'. ~ . i
lan~uije, JEF' ; (Japfaese
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COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News, 1979 :
CSO: 5500 3
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JAI'AN '
VL5I A5SOCIATION DEVELOPS 7,000-GATE LOGIC DEVICE
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 14 Apr 79 p 5
~TeXr ~ The VISI Technology Research As~latlon and NTIS (NEC-
Toshiba Intormation Systema) has announced tbat NTI~'s
laboratory has developed the world's bighest density 7~000-gate
, logic devlce based on techaology accumWated by the VISI�
tectuwlogy assoclatfon.
_ ~ The logic device i~, along with the memory device, an e~sentlal
. ~ comaopent in makln~ computere. And the more dense logic a~1d
memory,devices become, the amaller, faster, and cheaper ti~e
computer tr~comes. ~ '
' The VL3I associatiop eatd Uts 7,OOO~gate IogtC device is the itrgt, -
~ high density log(c device tbe associatiunn member has ever made
and Weorporates all the eseentiai technology the a~seoclation hes
accumulated.
Tbe logic device ~ras desl~ed ~s an ~bit one-chip mlcra~am-
. puter measuring 3.8 by.3,8 mm to verify the state ot the art at the
� VI.SI assoclat~n. ~
When compared rvith the most advaaced log[c ~devlee avallable
(tatel's H MOS)~ tue NTIS laboratory ssid, the new device is about
. half the size, has a 2-S times taak~- pertornsance and 2 timla the
density. ,
The NTIS lab sald the same technology that produced the 7;O~p-
gate logic'device makes it possible to produce the 258K bit memo'~
device, a device four tlmes denser than the currently available,
most advanced 64K bit memory devices.
TThe lab aleo said the bigh density loglc device was d~weloped with
be8vy emp6asis on easy maea production at plants, rather thart to
ahow otf the lab's technolo~ical capabilities.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News, 1979
CSO: 5500
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rQk (11~T~'~Cl'AL IISI's ON1.~Y
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SUMITOMO UNVEILS OPTICAL F'Z$ER COMPOSITE CABLE ~
Tokyo ~[AINICI~I DAILY NEWS in English 14� Apr 79 p 5 '
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~TeXti~ Sumitomo Electric~ In� . be combtned with t~e power
dattrl~s. Ltd: has dev~loped a~~ cable is a light commpnlcation
~ composite underwat~r cabl~-a ~ cable tor traanmitttng c.bm-
c am b i n e d p o w'~ r a n d~ puter and ccs~trol system ~
telecommnn[cation �'cable- ' slgnald atter converting them
ustng 11ght op~cal ~ber tor the lnto electrlcal sigaals by means
- tirat time in the world, the firm , of llght enlitttng diodee (LED).
sald Friday. . . he said: ' ' , I
A company spokesman sald He sald the company.has'wOb l
copper wire has beea~used.in '.the. first otder for the new
~ p~ p~~g ~ composit~ catile, from Idemttsu ;
aomposite cable~ but ~ that !ts Kosan Co: at a pNce oI about~100 . ~
detect has been t~at it ts hlghiy ~p v-~,;., � i
susceptible to elech~qma~etic ~~b~'.~ ~n laid un- ~ i
induction in poa+er trans� derwatcr to .llnk . Idemitau's I
mission. ~ t. Tokuyama o11 rettnery , at
'rhe nea? product features the �Tokuyama in Yamagucni
u~e of light. optical fiber-0.15~ prefecture, ..~?es~ern Japan. -
rn~llmeter-diameter tiberglass ' witb ; an oll storage y~cd~ about
iree irom such induction sa ~thr~eaic~ ewiy.d~o~~lb~
material foc commupicatbn ` Tefieery. ~ I
cable~ according to the
spokesman. . ' ~
The communicaNon cable to
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COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News, 1979 j
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, JAPAN
, YOSHIKAWA-bKB GROUP STRENGTtIENS TIES WITH SIEMENS
~ Tokyo NIKKAN KOGYO, SHINStJri in Japanese 1 Jan 79 p 1
[Article: "United in the'Electronic Area, To Sell Camputer Terminals and
- ME~~ ~ .
(Text] 7'he FurukawaYDKB Grq~2,~ whose principal members are Daichi Dogyo
Bank (DKB, Shuzo Muramoto, president), Fu~i Electric Co., Ltd. (Fukuehige
Shishido, president), and Fu~itau (Daiauke Kobayaehi, president) has
adopted a policy to strengthen its comprehensive cooperative relationahip
with West Germany's largest general electrical manufacturer the Siemene
Company (Kutar Bernhalt Prattner, president). To this end there are plans
" ta set up a~oint sales company in Japan tt?is epring to deal in nuclear
energy equipment, medical equipment (ME), compreasora, and computer perip-
heral aad terminal equipment. Up Co now Siemens hae been in a financial
cooperation relationehip with Fu~i Electric on comprehensive electrical
equipment and has been tied in with Fu~itau on computer business and salea.
This pro3ected establishment of a large sales company will not only further
promate closer relationships, but will result in a German alliance to offer
an all-inclusive confron*ation in the electronics area againat the giant
American induatries such as GE and IBM.
~ One of the ma~or factors responsible for this new cooperative agreement
between German and Japanese industries is the buainesa and sales agreement
that Fujitsu and Siemens entered into in April of last year which emphasized
the growth of the electronica industry centered mainly on computers and �
semiconductors. In addition,,the Furukawa.~DKB Group arrived at the concluaion
that such an agreement with Siemens could activate this company's compre-
hensive capabilities in the electronics area and thereby strengthen the
group's international strategy policy.
' The establishment of thie new company will have to await the final decision
on the part of Siemena' upper echelon, and the present intent is to intro-
~ duce the Siemens' main line of ME equipment, nuclear power equipmant, and
computer peripheral and terminal equipment in Japan through a maseive sales
effort. Examples o:E some of the equipment that will be included are the
medical treatmen't system and the high speed impact printer, both of which
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are regarded with great tirus~t by the world. According to the top echelon i
of Furukawa.DKB, "We are presently puahing this pro~ect w~.th Siemens
along two to ~hree parallel fronts." It alao explained that this sales ~
company wil~. be establiahed through financial contributions from the ma~.n -
compgnies of this group, and 3t is pro~ected that this salea company wil]. !
be of conaiderable aize. At the same time, it ia planned to use the , ~i
Fu~itsu FACOM p1ant to produce computer peripheral and termi.nal equipmen~, ~ ~
' and 3r ia expecCed that the mode adopted by the.leading rival producer j
(OEM) wi11 be follow~d. Other medical equipment and compresaoxs are pre~ i
sently thought,to be more effectively handled from the Siemena plant. It ~
is expected that Che financial arrangemente, business outline, and peraonnel
assignments wi11 be drawn up between the Furukawa.DKB group and Siemens
top echelon by thi.a spring at the latest. In addition, Siemene' Japane~e
corporation, Japan Siemens (the company Cha~ is presen~ly marketing Siemens
, products 3n Japan), ia expected to undergo a realignaent.
There are old ties between the Furukawa group and Siemena. Furukawa ~
Electric Industry and Siemens had already entered.into a financial and tech- !
nology agreement back in 1923 as a result of which the ~oint company "Fu~i I
E1e ctric Production" was born. There was a reduction on Siemene' share of ~
the financial outlay following this initial sCep, but there was the computer ;
busineas and sales agreement between Fu3iCsu and Siemens that was concluded ~
las t April for a 2-year period. In the particular aspect of computer agree- !
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, men t, Fu3itsu found it necessary also to aet up a separate vigorous U.S.
partner in the form of the Amdahl Company to promote its strategy againet ;
IBM. These two agreemento are c~ansidered very significant for promoting ;
Fujitsu's superlarge machine~ "M-200" and "M-180 IT AD" in :the. European:: j
market, and iC is said that the reaults have been favorable. DKB, the ~
main banking intereat behind Furukawa, has also favorably eva].uated thia
agreement. DKB has also been evalua~ing the relationship between GM a:ad
Isuzu, which enabled Isuzu Automobile to rebound frrna its stagnant buainess
posit~on, and the impact of this evaluati~n on its assessment of Che pxe- ~
sent agreement is evident. j
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COPYRIGHT: Nikkan Kogyo Sh~tnbunsha 1979 '
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JAI'AN
BUDGET FOR SUSSIDIZING COI~UTER ~OFTWAIt~ PROJECTS APPROVED
Tokyo NIKKAN KOGYO ~HINBUN in Japanese ].l Jan 79 p 1
_ [Article: "Rese~rch and Development To Start Next JPpanese Fiscal Year
on 47 Billion Yen Scale"] . -
' [Text] Research and development on software for the next computer syetems
that will be produced domestica~ly will begin next Japaneae fiscal year.
In order Co counter IBM's futu're system (FS), the Ministry of International ~
Trade and Industry has requesf;ed an overall budget of 70 b illion yen over
the next 5 years (one-h21f.*_~?rough NaCional Treasury funds) Co develop
software (0~=operational system) and ne~a geripheral and te'rmi~nal equipment,
~ but it was decided at the ministers' conference on the lOth that the budget
for the first year will be 1.7�billion yen (overall scale of 3.4 billion
yen) and total outlay of 47 billion yen. This ministry has already pro-
moted the formation of a research organ~zation among the comput~r main
body and peripheral equipment makers that should initiate activities next
year in order Co promote the re~earch and development end. This development
� together with the 5-year extensi.on of the financial aid from the Develop-
ment Bank to JECC (Japan Electronic Computer) that was granted the same
day and the "preferential tax treatment for software" enacted at the end
of last year have helped establish domestic software development and a
sales system that will compete with IBM and similar businesses.
Research Organization To Be Formed Quickly
It is said that IBM will announce sometime during the course of this year
its next generation computer (FS) tha~ is expected to offer sensational
improvement in cost-performanr.e ratio as well as incorporate innovative
technology in the software and peripheral equipment, and Chere is need
for Japan to quickly develop computers that can cc~mpete with this new
IBM line. This possibility had been anticipated, and Japan embarked on a
4-year plan back in 1976 to develop LSI technology, which is Che heart -
- af c~mputer hardware technology, and next year will be the final yer; of
this plan when all of thess technological results shoulci be completed.
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~ox o~~iczAr. vs~ ox~.Y
On Che nth~r h~nd, therp ie ,a wide gap b~tween IBM ~nd tihe Jap~ne~p in th~
areg of ~oftwar~, and tt ia eaid there i~ ur$ent ne~d for the dev~lopm~nt
~f technol.og~? guitgble for FS eoftware. Thig wae why the Ministry of
Intiernaeional rrade and Indu~try plann~d and rfquest~d a 70 billion yen
bcsdgtC for a 5-year plgn of r~search and d~v~lopmpne on the bagic tech- -
no~.o~gy of the nexG gener~tion computprg centered on b~gic software (OS)
and new peripheral equ~pment. This budget was condensed somewhat at the
minietera' budget confrontation~ but a start had been made on sofeware
re~~grch and development~ which ie the item close~t to the industry'e
heart. Th~ Ministry of International ~rade and Indu~Cry has begun to form
g research organizational ~yg~cem including both hard and soft makers t~
tnitiate activitieg at as early a date as possible.
On th~ other hand~ the special funding of JECC by the D~velopmer.t Bank,
which was o~iginally to be terminat~9 this year gnd was a sub,+,pce of d~li-
bergtinng at the variou~ concerned offices to the laet miaute (baeically
6.05 percent rate) was fiaally resolved. The preferred tax treatment to
premote software development that was set up during last year's tax modi-
ficatinn, gnd the increase in the Cec}unological development gubsidy for
software production handled by the Information rreatmenC IndusCry Co~pera-
tive from 1.112 billioa yen to 1.522 billion yen augmented by the final
decision on basic software development hsve put finishing touches on the
development and sales setup for domestic software starting nexC JFY.
CAPYRICHT: Nikkan Kogyo Shinbunsha 1979
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JAI'AN
$RIEFS
VLSI hASS PRObUCTI0N--2he VLST rechnology Reeearch Aesociation (preeident:
Taiyu IGobayaehi, pr~eaident of ~u~iCeu, LCd) on 22 March announced success
ia development of a xeflectioa-pro~ection method deep-ultraviolet exposure
unit~ one element for maee production of VLSI'e. Thanks to reflection- .
pro~ection by concave and convex mirrors of deep uitraviolee rays, shorter
than ultraviolet raye, xhe unit enablea mass pr4ductiion of VLSI of greater
precision tihan heretofore. "This allowa a greaL improvement in pracision
over exieein~g LSI'e~." PracCicai use will seart around 1980. For VLSI's,
light or an electron beam is uBed to prepare the original pattern aad the
patCeru ie then pro~ected onto silicon using light, etc., to drav the cir-
cuit. The nea unit burne the pattern onto the silicon by pro~ecting desp
ultravioleC light of vavelength 0.2 to 0.26 micron (1 micron equals one-
thoueandth of a millimeter) via high-preciaiou concave and convex mirrors.
The Association esxplained tha~ the ne~? unit vae the firet in the ~orld to
draw the circuitry withouC Che fine pattern touchiog the silicon, thua
avoidiag damage to the silicon and making mass production euy. Further,
the unit is deecribed ae capable, in priaciple, of draving the 256 kilobit
(memory capacity uait) 'riLSI previously aaaounced by ffiM to a ecientiffc
society. Manufacture will be handled by Caanon, and the schedule reportedly
is to take orders starting thie fall and enable practical uae etarting in
1980. (TextJ (Tolcyo YOMIURY S~iINBUN in Japaaesa 23 Mar 79 p 8~
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
~~ORW~GiAN TELEPHONE EQUIP:~ENT TO SPAIN--The eelephone company hae acquired tele-
phone exchanges in Norway vgiued at 800 million pesetas. These exchangee can re-
place the ones currently ~n use in a twenty four hour peri.od. Thie thus
preventa any risk of accident or sabotage. [Text~ [Madrl.d CAMBIO 16 in
5panieh 15 Apr ~9 p 5)
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SPACE TELECO~Il~IUNICATIONS Pt~OJECTIONS NOTED, DISCUSSED (
Paris PARADOXES in French Jan-Mar 79 pp 41-47
[Article by Jacquea Houbaxt]
[Textj For some yearg French engineers have been ready Co launch the war of
the air waves which is going to turn communications between peoples.and
commerce among nationa topsy-turvy. For a long time the vicissitudes of
European space [efforts]. The victims of American interference, and Che
foot-dragging of our own administration which, for example, has restrained
Che industrial development of earth stations, have postponed the burgeoning
of a"data civilization" upon the Old Continent.
Following the recent decision of Che French government to construcC a syeCem
of telecommunications by satellite--Telecon-l--and the projected establish-
ment of a European company for commercial exploitation of the Ariane (Ariadne]
launcher--the transpace group--it may be hoped that the efforts of our re-
searchers, effected during the last decade, are f{na]ly going to result in
industrial msCerialization and to affirm our country's eminent position in
apace and data transmission applications.
At Dallas several weeks ago, Gerard Thery, chief of the DGT (General Telecom-
munications Directorate of the Posts and Tele-Communications Ministries)
declared: "The paper civilization's days are now numbered, because the trans-
portation--on foot, on horseback, or in vehicles--of ever increasing quantities
of paper is smothering our companies. Besides, it is a costly and vulnerable
process: just think of banknotes and securities."
Fleeting Talk
"Fleeting talk," perhaps the sceptics will say, in taking notice of that
diatribe against paper delivered at Intelcom, the annual ground telecommuni-
cations exposition where a large French exhibit bore witness of the pre-
eminent place our country occupies in this industrial field. In fact, thanks
to the telecommunication~ revolution, words (and pictures) are going to fly
. higher and higher gnd farther and farther, but htis is not going to prevent
written material--words, figures, or drawings--from appearing, when desired,
upan a screen or other supporting apparatus. .
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For example, in 1981 ehe telephone subscr~.bes in [the deparemene of] Ille-eC- ,
Vilaine are going Co have Che benefiC of a world firsC: the PosC ar~d Tele- ~
communicationa Mini~try (PTT) will provide rhem, free of charge, with a device ,
called the "VideoCex" by means of whiCh by simple inrerrogation upon a key-
the daCe
board~they can obtain, upon a~creen, a whole series of informaCion: ~
of an elecCronic'almanac~ continually broughC up to date, bue also the status
of Cheir bank accounts. They will be able to receive sCock exchenge infor- ;
maCion as well ae reserve seats upon airliners or at the theater. Thia service
wi11 progressively be provided to all subscribers. ,
i
An Enormous Market ~ ; -
The year 1981 will also be that of a neeBPmuchetoithe research(ofgthe Secre I
Telecopier). Thia new system, which ow
Company in particular, combines ehe Cechniques of photocopying and daCa i
transmission over the telephane network. The device should cost only 2,000 ~
francs when it is placed inCo service and sale of 500,000 uniCs annually is ~
foreseen.
In general,--be it telecopying, videotext, videoconference, or data Crans- ;
mission--it is an enormous market which stands out on Che world scale. The
American firm of ArChur D. Little and Co. estimates that in the next f~w
yeara the worldwide telecommunications market should in~rease considerably;
nearly 8 percent annually from 1977 to 1987, and reach the level of 65.3 ~
billion dollars in 1987.
The Space-Time Couple
This revolution in the ffeZd of data transmission is not due solely to pro-
gress in telecommunications; it is the ret~ult of the unparalleled convergence
of technologies under the umbrella of electronic~s--technology of mate;ials
(intended for components of processing transmitting, and data transmission
and reception units), design of data equipment and logi:, roca~atus~forsion
technology, and energy supply, piloting, and transmitting app
satellites. ~
i
The data revolution at various levels in fact manifests the inCeractions of ;
the space-time couple. By means of our Telecom-1 satellite--which is to be I
launched in 1983 by the European Ariane rocket from the Guiane Space Ce~~Bns_
at Kourow--the letter within an envelope can be replaced by a telecopy
mission and, for less than 1 franc, the message thus sent will be received
by the addressee within 2 minuted thousandssoftkilometers8awayiinrspaceime,"
thanks to an apparatus positione
By virtue of the possibility of launching into space heavy satellites
crammed with miniaturizer~ electronics, :1 veritable planetary "dialetic" ~
- system can thus be installed, a transmitter-receiver system enabling earth- ,
lings to communicate with ne~l8niblointpin thetelectronicemirrorstc nstituting .
flected at any instant and a y p
its new environment. �
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The "Network" Phenomenon
Right now national CeZecommunications saeellites are in place in Cgnada and ~
the United StaCes. Pro~ects are on the way eo compleCion in Japan nnd GreaC
Britain. InviCaCions for bids have been puC out by the Scandinavian com-
muniCy. As for Third World counCriea~ whiCh must often consider their vagt
areas and low populaCion densiCies, apace represents an idegl solueion �or
telephony and television. It is esCimaCed Chat in the year 2000 the aggregate
receipts o� rhe various space relecommunicationa systema will correspond to
a market on Che order of S00 bi1�lion franca annually.
As pointed out several weeks ago by Jacques Pomonti, r,resident of the ICS
consulting firm, at a meeting of the Telequal Association and the International
Telecommunications Institute, telecommunications satellitea are going to play
a mg~or role in the policies of large companiea, wheCher it be applications
of the "teleconference" eype or of sys~ema management. In 1980 firms auch ms
IBM, Ford,and Western Union are going Co launCh Cheir own Celeaommunications
satellites. Planned for the beginning of 1981, the Business Syatema
satelliCe; ~ointly owned by IBM, Comsat, and Aetna Life Insurance Co, will b~
based in Che United StaCes. At the rate of several million bits per second
it will enable voice, picturea, and data to be transmitted over the same
network.
French Programs
An uncooperative Europe, where France alone has for a long time aupported
the principle of applicaCions satellites, has indeed experienced apace dis-
appointmenta, notably the failure of the Europa rocket 7 years ago. Since
. then, thanks to reshaping of organizations and the dynamism of France, which
is financing 65 percent,of the Ariane launcher the, European Space Agency
(ESA) has turned the tide.
Ariane, with a thruat at take-off of 250 tons--which is equivalent to that of
four Concorde aircraft--maintained for 145 seconds by a first stage which
burns a ton of fuel per second, is one of the most powerful rockets in the
world today. IC can lift 4.5 tons to 300 kilometers altitude and place
satellites of 1,000 kilograms into geostationary orbit of 36,000 kilometers
altitude. The seriea of flight tests is to begin at the end of this year
at Geneva Spac~ Center and will terminate at the end of 1980.
Right now the~series~of bench tests by the European Propulsion Company are
encouraging and like Hubert Cunew, president of the CNES (National Center '
for Space Studies), "we may very reasonably believe that our big problems
are now behind us." During the next 10 years it is predicted that Chis
launcher will have a business volume of at least 10 billion francs, which
implies a comparable business volume for the sat~ellites, not to mention the
significant industrial activity arising from ground exploitaCion of the epace
apparatus; systems for telecommunications, television broadcasting, data
gathering, and observation. Faced with American competition and the threat
of the United States monopoly which now controls 7S percent of the inter-
national data traffic, French strategy seems well founded; support European
~efforts whenever they are manifested and launch national programs if need be.
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~o~ oF~~ccr~ us~ orr~Y
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The Cannac Repore ~
A real boaee, moreover~ was decided upon following the po~itive report by the
~tudy commieaion whi~h the govprnmenC had aseigned ro Yves Cannac, preeident ;
and general manager of the HAVAS Agency. After the meeCing of the minisCerial ;
council on 7 March, Andre Girand, Minister o� Industry, and Norbert Segard, ~
Secre~ary of State for Poats and Telecom~nunicat~.ons, announced that launchings ;
of telecommunications sate~l~.tes would take place at the end of 1982 and in ;
April 1983, a third satellite aerving as a epare on the ground being delivered ~
in the middle of 1983. The tota'1 coae of the aystem, launchinga included, ~
is estimated at 1.5 billion fLanca, with operating expenses thereafter ef ti
1 billion francs per year.
Within the scope of the ESA, a seconimeteosat satellite (the firsC has been
in orbit since November 1977) will be launched with Che third �iring of an
Ariane in June Y980. As for the SPOT saCellite program--a French satellite
- but with Belgian and Swedi~h parCicipation--conetruction will begin in a yegr, '
with the launching of the firat satellite set for March 1984.
;
A11 thess satellites will be launched by thE Ariane. To promote the new ;
launcher France has proposed that a European marketing company be eetablished ~
in which the CNES would hold one Chird of the capitalization. With the CNES ~
combined with ~he manufacturers building the launcher, in the end this would ~
leave a ma~ority of the capitalization wiCh France. The government also hopea �
to have the present Ariane program, which will terminate afCer the firat pro- ,
duction run, followed by a program of improvements. In a first phase, esti-
mated at 300 million francs, the payload may be increased to 2,300 kilograms. ~
~ Beyond that, in anoCher phase, the use of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen ~
for the second sCage would enable that performance to be tripled. i
Television Status in Suspense , ~
i
The Cannac report supported the United pro~ect for a direct television i
~satellite situated in a geostationary orbit at 19 degrees West above the
equato~. This sys~em, first of all, would pprmit television coverage of ;
"black-out zones" distributed especially throughout mountainous arese, which '
represent 20 percent of French territory--or about a million people without ~
reception. In addition, it would ocme in time Co help Television-France ;
which, in 1982-1983 must settle the matter of replacing antennas. ~
~
The French government seems to be hesitant in making a deciaion in this area `
because over the short term it is a question of ending its television mono- , '
poly. There is talk of a dectsion in April or the summer, after consultation
with West German;. In any event the apreading of direct television, with or
without France, is going to happen. So let our German neighbors, who posi- i
tively are going to initiate their program on 1 July, to be the firsC would be
a disastrous policy. On the other hand if we are going to lead the way our '
satellite could count upon several "passengers"; probably Television-Monte `
Carlo and Television-Luxembourg, and even the British ITV Commercial Network. ~
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The PQg~aimi~Ce
AA always, when the level of French rea~arch eppears ~o promiae gr~ importiant
indusrrial breakthrough, the "pese~m~~ee" diaplay f~.verieh aneiv9rty (~emember
the r~ttacka ag~inse "the grand programa" of ehe 1960 decgde, agai.nst tl~e cnm-
rurer ptnn, ngainAe thp nuclear p1an, ns~~d ngainat our. bold Apnce ventureH).
'Cc~dr?y~ while ~h~ French, by virtue of th.,~i.r worldwide gdvanC~g in the maCc~r
of e~rth stationg, their rapid progreea in the~field of networks (due, in
p3rticular, to the efforts of th~ IRIA [expaneion unknown] and the experience
of Tranepace), their electronic mastery, and their launchers, are well
aituated in the gre~t mutations of our var~~oue societies, the "pessimietg"
state that "the French are poorly prepared, and affirm that the �orward
leap is going to displease Che personnel o� the posCg and relecommunications
rniniatries.
. In L'OBSERVATEUIt DE L'OCDE (THE OECD OBSEItV~R), Hans Peter Gaeeman, head of ~
the information, data procesaing, and communicationa unit, sCatea: "In view
of the sharp reduction in the birth rate in moet of the developed counCriea,
it may be said that electronic automation is coming 20 yeara too eoon. If
the rate of electronic innovation can be slowed until less numeroua cohorts
of young people are entering into activ~ livea perhaps the probleme of tech-
nological unemploya?ent can be avoided. Unfortunately, the dynamics of tech-
nological evolution, aa?plified by international competiCion and trade, are
such that we are no longer in control."
Bnjoyment of Benefite
Let the honorable OECD official be reassured; curtailment of the birth rate
precedes by only a little curtailment of brains. If the preaent trend is
confirmed it will not be necessary to wait 20 years for deadening of inno-
- vation to be accompanied by burial of the peoples of the Occident. (See
the study of demography we have published on page 57).
The entire question is to know whether our industriglized societies are going
to be able--not to extirpale technological evils--but aimply to enjny their
victory, to ahare the extraordinary fruits of productivity. A completely
new world is in sight, one in which it will be possible to delegate to in-
duatrial auton~ation the tasks which ara mechanical and distaeteful~ but this
obviously presupposes intensive cultural adaptation. Control of the tranai-
tion cannot in any event be abandoned to the economic specialiata who aeek
to maintain the peoples ori the road to "liberation" in the traditional con-
, fines of industrial a~eratidn. Can today's man have his huge "enjoyment of
benefits" or not? We shall soon know and at the same time learn ~+hether the
conquest of apace is stricken with a curse comparable to that of the Tower
of Babel.*
* See also our inquiry into "Exploitable Space" in INDUSTRIES ET TECNNIQUES,
No 382, 31 October 1978, p 20
COPYRIGHT: 1978-Compagnie Europeene d'Editions et Publications Periodiques;
38, rue de Bassano, 75008 Paris
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