JPRS ID: 8504 TRANSLATIONS ON WESTERN EUROPE

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. ru~ urr ~ N~ u~t u~~~Y
JPRS L/8504
8 June 1979
TRANSLATIONS ON WESTERN EUROPE -
(FOUO 35/79)
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JPRS L/8504
8 June 1979
TRANSLA?'I0~lS ON ~IESTERN ~UkOPE
(FOUO 35/79)
CONTENTS PAGE
- COUNTRY SECTION
FE2~INCE
Aigrain Interviewed on S"eps To Encourage Innovation
(Pierre Aigrain InC~~rview; L'EXPANSION, Apr 79)......... 1
Success in Tipping Trade Scales NoCed
(THE MIDDLE EAST, May 19) 5
Habib-Deloncle Interviewed on Trade Relations
- (Michel Habib Deloncle Interview; THE MIDbLE EAST,
May 79) 8
Jaguar May Get SFENA Automatic Pilot
~ (Gerard Collin; AIR & COSMOS, 21 Apr 79) 11 ~
Jaguars Equipped With Omera-40 Camera
' (AIR & COSMOS, 21 Apr 79) 14
Laser-Guided Missiles for Jaguar, Mirage 2000
(Pierre Langereaux; AIR & COSMOS, 21 Apr 79)............ 15
Navy's Use of Computer Technology Outlined
(Jean-Paul Guitry, Didier Dussud; ARMES D'AUJOURD'HUI,
Apr 79) 18
Biographical Information on New Gendarmerie Director
(ARMEES D'AUJOURD'HUI, Apr 19) 23
-a- [III - WE - 150 FOUOj
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C~NT~NTS (Continued) P~g~
SPAiNi
Need for High Sust~ined Growth Rate ~mphasized
(CAMBIO 16, 1 Apr 79)..........~...~.......~............ 25
Public Debt Reportedly To Be Increased
(CAMBIO 16, 8 Apr 79) 28
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~~o~ o~~rcrnr. usE: oNi,l~ �
couNmxY s~c~r~oN rt~c~
AIGRAIN INTERVIEWED ON STEP5 TO ENCOURI~GE INNOVATION
Paris L'~XPANSION in F'rench Apr 'l9 pp 34-35, 39
(interview with Pferre Aigrain, secretaxy of state to the prfine minister in -
charge of research, Ly Jean-Francois RougeJ
~TextJ Pierre Aigrain, 54 years old, has conducted all
types of research: university (at the College de France,
MIT [expansion unknown]), fndustrial (AEC (Atomic Energy
Commission], Thomson) and governmental: for 5 years he
has headed the General Directorate for Scientific and
Technical Research (DGRST) and today occupfes a govern-
ment post For organizing scientiffc research. In this
capacity, this month he will present a general plan
aimed at giving a new impetus to French research and to
reorganizing its industrial relations.
L'EXPANSION: Is there a French lag in research, particularly in comparison
to Germany and Japan?
PIERRE AIGRAIN: I don't believe it's possible to speak of an overall lag.
- However, it may be said that there are sectoral lags.
Actually, the research effort started much earlier in France than in Ger-
many or Japan. The years 1958 to 1969 were the great expansionist period
of French research. This began about 1965 in Germany and about 1960 in
Japan. But growth was less rapid. At one time, around 197U, we were even
in the lead. Germany and Japan have now caught up with us and if the
French effort does not move faster, they will quickly surpass us.
It is a different matter. with the United States. They carzy out nearly
half of the research conducted worldwide. Their probiem is mainly one of
disseminatiing the results of their own research down the line; the proble:~
of the Germans, French and Japanese is one of disseminating the results of
world research in a practical form to their sectors down the line.
: The Germans and Japanese are doing that better than we are.
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FOk O1~'I~'LCLAL USl: ON1aY
L'~XPANSIONt Is it serious that tihe ratio of gross natii.onal Qxpenditiures
for reaearc:h tio tihe pIS (Gross Domestic productiJ has declined from 2.15 per-
cent in 1967 to 1.79 percen~ in 19777
PIEAF2E AIGR~IIN: i wouldn't say tihat it's tragic, buti iti mustn't continue.
In 1967, Germany's ratiio was reportedly abouti 1.6 percont. It is curren~ly
2.2 percenti and wa have moved to 1.8 percenti. We are actually living on
, our laurels.
L'EXPANSION: Have you taken measures not to repQat cQrtain mistakes of the
past (the Calculator Plan, otc.)?
PI~RRE AIGRAIiV: With industrial development programs, it is always a mati-
- ter of finding a solvent potential market. Of course, long-term research
must bQ carried out. But I can't guarantaa--and no onQ can--that our cffort
in c,ontrolled ~hermonuclear fusion, for exampl~3, will one day have a sol-
v~r,t marke~.
0!'ten 40 ye~ars go by between a discovery's proof of feasibility and produc-
, tion. Let':: take the case of fission energy: proof of fQasibility was
secured in 1:'~39 when Joliot and Kovarski showed that a chain reaction was
possible. Forty years later, nuclear energy still represents only a small
part, of the total energy supply. It would not have been possible to go
much faster.
I still believe that conducting these basic studies is the right thing to
do; otherwise, a possible path of development would be closed. On the
other hand, in the development stage of a product, the decision must be
based above all on profitability, the existence of a market and our ability
to take the lead fairly. I believe that this is now a well-established
concept in government and industrial decision-making processes.
L'EXPAN5ION: How is our foreign balance of trade developing in terms of
patients?
PIERRE AIGRAIN: My personal estimate is that our balance is negative and
that it is continuing to deteriorate, par~,:icularly in relatiun to other
developed countries. This is disturbing, not because of the amount of
money involved (that is not what will jEOpardize the balance of payments),
~ but it is nevertheless a disturbing sign.
L'EXPANSION: Chancellor Schmidt said recently: "Patents and technr~logy
will account for 90 percent of Germany's exports in 1980." And France?
PI~RRE AIGRAIN: ~hancellor Schmidt was thinking not only of exports of ~
patents or turnkey plants, but also of exports of products for which the
competitive ability of German companies was linked to their technoloqy.
France will still not be at that stage by 1980. We will have to reach that
figure about 1985 at the latest.
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E~OEt UI~i~T.CiAG USIs UNLY
L'~XPANSIdN: noes a closer relntionship bQ~ween resQarch end industry `
im~ly a change in the mentiality o� reaearchers7
PI~P~ AIGRIIIN: Y~s, but especially A change in the atititude of pMi (Small .
and Medium-Size Industiries). Even if a small business does not have tihe
mean~ tn acquire a fine laboratory, it is almost always able ~o obtain two
- things: on one hand, r.onsultation and researchers working in a labnratory
(par~icularly in public laboratories, which have accass tio world knowledge)j
thati's no~ very expensive. On the other hnnd, a sm~ll internal restiarch unit
which can ~tso serve as a discussion unit. It can also subcontracti abroad,
in public or special res~arch facilities, even (as in Germany) with largQ
businesses which havQ research laboratories and can contract for their u3~.
It is noti a question of ~sking PME (5ma11 and Medium-Size BusinessesJ to
_ allocate 25 percent of tih~ir turnover for researeh-development. It iy a
question of broadening their way of thinking.
L'EXPANSION: In that connection, there has been talk of "cross-
fertilization" between research and industry
PIERFtE AIGRAIN: Article 27 of the CNRS (National Center foz SciQntific Re-
search] statute on researchers authorizes them to take a leave of absence,
with their agreement of caurse, for a research project in a private com-
pany. That rarely happens. It is b~th the fault of businesses (although
they are in the process o� changing: currently there are many requests for
contracts) and researchers themselves. Out of sight,out of mind: the rQ-
searcher on leave is afraid of being forgotten in terms of promotion. We
have therefore made the decision to modify the DGRST's level of participa-
tion in research contracts concluded with industzy ~n the basis of the
policy practiced by the company. Secondly, we are considering automati-
cally paying a better salary to researchers who wi11 have been on leave.
L'EXPAN5ION: Are you considering the creation of other bridges between re-
search and industry? -
PIERRE AIGRAIN: Yes, but I still don't believe that public research lab-
oratories must be transformed into agencies for industrial research. First,
because they would do a poor job, for lack o� :narket contacts; second,
because they would no longer conduct basic research. We are still not car-
rying out enough basic research.
Conversely, an industrial problem can advantageously motivate basic re-
search. Brewers who had been makinq beer since the time of the Gauls, dis-
covered at the end of the 19th century that they did not understand the
process of fermentation. So they went t~ Pasteur. He realized that i~ was
not so much a problem of. organic chemistry--his specialty at the time--but
of microbiology. That motivation led him to the discovery which is now
- well known. That doesn't mean that he abandoned basic research.
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'Phus ~ae are trying ~o set up crite~~ia, COIritil~~ti8@S ~ commisaiona, etc. nnd
also to promote personal contiacts (the most offect3ve of a11)
L'~XPAN5IbN: Seventy-five percenti of public financing for research gnes
tio about E3 percenti of business Qn~erprises. Is this nnrmai'?
E~I~RR}"s AIGFUIIN: It i~n't scandalous, inasmuch as those same businessas
represent much more than 75 percenti of expenditures for rege$rch. What is
unsatisfac~ory is the fact that the re~earch efforts of PMI ar~ also weak.
The solu~inn may be through increased government aid, aid which can also
t~,ke very varied forms. _
L'~XPAN5ION: Have you considered specific forms o� aid~
PIERRE A~GRP?IN: We are at least considering a"universal ~nformation of-
fice," to which businesses could always turn and which could possibly in- ~
form them and help them to obtain aid. Studies are undezway to datermine
whether it is necessary to sat up indirect or autom~tic aid criteria--which
do not exist in France, contrary to what is being done in some neighboring
countries, particularly Germany~ -
L'EXF~ANSION: There is a lot of talk about "doomed" sectors. In yaur opin-
ion, what are the sectors of the future for PN~?
pIERRE AIGRAIN: Determining a potential market, discovering ~he world's
potentially solvent and poorly satisfied needs, that is the main role of
business. It is, I would say, its "true basis for trade"1 Therefore, it
is not for the government to replace it in seeking new market openings.
If I may venture a few examples, however, I will say that scientific in-
strumentation (biological or medical) represents a considerable market
opening for PMI. That may also force them to make certain rearrarigements,
for marketing and after-sales services Another example, this time
with the public at large as an outlet: the prodigious development of
sports equipment. Rossignol and Salomon are PME which have succeeded in
this field. But we are absent from the market for other sports equipment,
whereas tt~e sector is really very innovative.
L'EXPANSION: As a preview, can yau tell us what kind of ineasures will be
decided in the April Council of Ministers meeting devoted to innovation?
PIERRE AIGR.AIN: These measures will be two-fold: access of businesses
(particularly small busine~ses) to research results and government aid
(automatic, fiscal or indirect procedures); and as a result, adaptation
oL the necessary administrative structures.
COPYRIGHT: SA Groupe Expansion
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cso: 3100 4
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. COUNTRY SECTION FRANCE
4
SUCCLSS IN TIPPING TRADE 5CALES NOTED
_ London THE MIDDLE EAST in English May 79, pp 115-116
CT~t ]
The French Government'e Algeria, 'Ilinisia and Morocco, When
pereiete~t effot'ta t0 reduce expocts to Libye are edded, the total is more
imports of Arab oil and redreee than b0 per cent of Fl~ench expott~ to the
the aubet~ntiel trade deflcit Arab world.
with Arab countriee have be A T~ ~~Y ~ted phenomenon tends to
~ demonatrate that, in the intense com�
- to bear fruit. Following a trend pecition with other industrial powers,
~et ~n 1977, Freneh exporte have Fra;ue hae had only limited euccess in its
continued to expand while the effort to penetrace the Middle Eastem
value of ite imports from theee mackete. .
countriee hae lar el remained Rea~ons puc forward for chis mediocre
g y ah~wing include the la;,k of price com�
. the same. petitiveneas caused by France's deted in�
Even though first estimates of last year's dustrial in&astructure and hesitation to
Fre.nib-Areb trade How indicate that open up oaerations in countries ueually con-
Ftarue'a deficit was reduced by about aidered to be in the An~lo�Saxon ephere of
albillion, it was still over the ~3billion mark inAuence (See Managerial Round Table).
($1= app 4.4 F;ench francs}.'I'he reduction Added w tt~is, the lenguage barrier and s
: ie more likely to be en indirect result of the lack of knowledge of the exact needs of
decline in the value of the dollar than a Middle Eastem markets have meent that
French businese hea continued to rely on its
eignfficantly improved export performance. "ceptive market~" which date from the
Within the Arab world France hes been colonial period.
doggedly attempting over the pest decade, In both 'Il~nisia and Morocco, France is
but especielly since the 1973 OPEC oil�price the leading trading partner. Nonethelese,
riee, to reorient its trade awa,y from ita the clouded future facing these tmubled
traditional partnecs in the MaRhreb towards economies has put a demp~r on French
tae more rapidly expandinR economies in export poesibilities. French industrialieta
the Middle East. AccordinR to French Trede vvere particularly upset by the austerity pro-
Miniatry officialy, the Govemment s policy gramme announced by Kin~ Hassan in June
hee been to "concentrate on the markets of 1978 which limited the import of certain
thoee countries with which we have a trede products and Qenerally cut capital spendinQ
deficit (~ee table) as a ret~~~lt of our oil im-
; during the present three~year plan What~
French exports to countries ~f the Arwb more, other European countries, notably
League represent 10 per cent of its total ex� ~ Weat Germany and Italy, have been elbow-
~ ports. Of this figure, more than 40CO is still ing their way into this previou~ly French
: with its tormer cotonies in North Africe: domain.
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As for AlRerio, which representa by fnr p~i anslyaie nf ~ranco�Arnb trnde fi~irey
France'y Inrge~t Arab customer with over 20 r~vuel~ that Pnris hny e pcr~itive trade
- per cent nF it~ Arab�nriented export.q in 1978, balence with 15 stetes of the Arab LenKue
politicel differences heve impelled the end a deRcit with nnly flve, in fnct the 1978
Algerinn (',overnment tn yeek new cnm� trade deRcit of 14,3 billion F~ (about ~,3,4 -
mercial partners, '1'he United Stntes billion) largely coincides with ita trade
, replaced F'rance in 1976 ay Alaeria's main deNcit with Seudi Arabin (14,4 billion F'F),
market. 'I'his trend ie likely to continue That is the reeson why F'rench trade ofEicialg
g~ven the numher of long�term LtiG con� atrese that "5audi Arabia is our bigg~st
trects with Washington, eupplier (of oil), and consequently we hsve
_ An uc~offlcial freeze on new contracts with made a particuiar effort there",
French firms in 1976 snd 1977 we~s a serious Fr~nch exports to 5nudi Arubie have
blow to French interests. It quickly took its more than doubled over the past two years,
Wll on the value of new rontrects signed teet;fying to the activity of F'cench Fvms
between the two countries. ~or instance, there. Still Saudi Arabia uccounted for only
new contracts plummeted feom about 7 1,14 per cent nf totAl French exports in 1978
_ billion French frnncs (approx. ~1.6 billion) a flgute which places it juat ahead of a small
in 1976 to 1,5 billion FF in 19i6 Rnd 2 billion country liko the Ivory Coast (1,11 per cent).
r; FF in 1977, Of~icial figures hnve yet to be Ia addition, industrial newcomers auch as
published for 1978 but it is generally ex� South Korea, Taiwan and Pakistan can be
pected that the figure will not rexch the 2 favourebly compared with France on the list
billion F'F inark. of Saudi Arabian suppliers.
However, economic reletions now seem to Waye of increesing the French ahsre of
have entered calmer wAters. An un� the lucrative Saudi market were discussed
- m~stakable sign of this detente was the during King Khal~d's stete visit to ~rance in
awarding of a msjor contract - the first for June ?978. So far only 12 French tirms heve
30 months - to the French firm Technip for permanent representatives in Saudi Arebia
the construction of the third gas�liquefaction and French businessmen are often accused
plant (LNG 3) et the rlrzew complex in of paying ecant attention to the w4y
- north�westem Algerifl. The choire of the businese is conducted in that country, As ~
Teal liquefaction process wes e mejor latecomeis to the Saudi scene, many French
victory for the French in the intense com� companies heve to join US ventures if they
petition which they wage against American are to eucceed in winning big construction
multi�nationals in the petroleum cu~d gas� contracts.
producing countries. French projecta in petrochemicals, power
FRENCH TRADE WITH ARAB generation, telecommunications, computers
COUNTRIES and solar energy are in tha pipeline. Yet so
('000 French Fiancs) far it is only with military equipment that
te77 1878 (s~t) Yaris hes marked up an unquestionable
Morocco � 2,575 . 1,956 euccese. The Saudie sought to diveisify their
A~qer~a + 4,902 ~ 3,735 eources of armaments to reduce dependency
runis~a . 1,683 + 2,539 on Weshingt,cm, and France wes a natural
L~bya + 433 + 694 altemative.
Egypt + t,saa + 2,~09 Saudi Arabia hss purchased over one
Sudan + 177 ~ 96 thou8and tanks and i~rmoured vehicles of
Mauritania ~ 2aa . 80 .the AMX variety. The French firm
somaiia + 34 . 28 COF~tAS ia in charge of setting up and
~ebanon + 79~ . 818 msneging a school for mechanics and tank
Syr~a + 309 . 275 drivecs. Saudi Arabia also purchased 38
Iraq - 6,7e8 - 7,2� Mirage 111 fighter bombers which were put
Jordan ~ 217 � 214
Saudi Arabia -18,134 -14,473 at Egypt's disposal. Gnvemment circles in
Kuwait - 933 - 262 Paris have high hopes of placing their new
Ba~rair~ + 9t � 106 generation of jet fighters, the Mirage 2U00
oatar , - t,253 - 1,878 and 4000, with the Saudi Air Force. The
unE - 4,928 - 3,674 huge figure of ~3.5 billion for vArious arms
Or:;an - 2t6 . 67 deals with Saudi Arabia was advanced by
North Yemen . t56 � 379 the Ftench press during King Khaled's 19i8
'South Yemen . 40 � 83
TOTAL 18,950 -14,378 ~ieit� Until now thete has been nR official
confirmetion or denial. 5audi Arabia has
eleo paid for French arms sold to Sudan,
Morocco and Mauritania.
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Another aspect of the emer~ing ~~tanco� Ayatollah Khomeini hnd been given asylum
Saudi relationship is the tinanciel bnckinR in the country for four rnonths before his
given to paris liv the rec~~rlina ~~f pt~trc~~ triumphal return tn Ugn,
dollare in ~ ES~ench ftnaric3al~ mGCkefs, Even T~e French Minister c~f Foreign 'I~ede,
thou~h Pnris takes e back seat to New York Jean�Fran~ois Denieu, paid u visit to Iraq in
February to help to stimulate ~ench
a~~d London nn this score, the Saudis are exports with s view to cutting the IarRe trade
reported to heve pleced several billion deficit (7,2 billion F'F' in 1978), In 1978
dollers in ~snce and this partly explains France aigned new contructs to e vslue of
the frnnc's rcietive resilience in recent anly 350 milliori FF, comparrd wish 1 billion
months, FF in 1977. France hss lnst a lot of ground in
The bi~sinessmsn most identified with this cbuntry over recent yeare to Jepanese,
direct Arab, and in particuler Saudi invest� Itnlian, and even Spanieh, competitota (see
ment in France is the Syrian.born Saudi The Middle East suruey on lraq, No 52,
nationul Akrnm Ojjeh, head of the Techni� p107), Again in the domain of military
ques d'Avant-Gerde (TAG) group. He has eupplies France has been able to hold ita
established himself in the French bustnese own: military contracte totalled some 700 -
world in a remarkably short period. The million F'F in 1977 and c~ver 1 billion FF in
group's holdings in ~ance are divereiRed; 1978. ~
office bu:ldings, .W per cent of the equity of France hae not really succeeded in plecing
tha regionel airline Air Alpes, 10 per cent of ita goods and aervices in the smaller
the public works firm Dumez, 25 per cent of countries of the Gulf. For example in the
Lignes Tel~graphiques et T~I~phoniques United Arab Emirates the share of France in
and flve per cent of the bank ~r~dit the local import mbrket in 1977, some 2.8
Commercia( de France, The total of the per cent, placed it behind all the major in-
qroup's French assets is thought to be over 1 dustrisl countries. Even India, with 4,4 per
, billion FF. Furchermore, the group has cent made a better showing. In Kuweit,
purchased 60 Dessault Falcon Jets worth 1.2 France did a bit better with 5,2 per cent.
mill'on FF. The new French Foreign Minister, Jean
A~ervent &ancophile, Ojjeh provides his Fran~ois�Poncet, mede a tnur of the region
services to French companies intent on at the end of 1978 to stimulnte Frer.ch ex-
establishing themselves in the highly com� portr French companies seem less reluctant
petitive Saudi market. For the mament, than their British snd Americe?n counter-
French officiels do not seem to be worried parts to tackle the political And economic
about the Saudi investments in the cuuntry complications involved in the ~Ryptian
manaRed by TAG. But in sny cas2 TAG has market. French firms hsve won impo~tant
judiciou.qly avoided investinq in strate~ic contracts for telephone equipment end
sectors of the economy, dredging work on the Suez Canal. In March
France, like other Westem countries, had 1979 it was learnt that a group of French
been countinQ on the Iranian market to firma hsd aigned a contract to prepare an i~i-
eb~rb some af its oil�import deficit. iran tegrated programme for the reconstructlon
wns Frnnce'~s hest ~Iiddle Eastem customer of Egypt's devastated Red Sea province.
because of the ~ billiom m~tract for the salE Now it eppears that French business is
of two 900�MW nuclear power plants and striving to establish a new form of
uranium fuel for 10 years, One of the fust relaticm,ghip with the Arnb world which goew
acts of the new Iranian Govemment was to beyond the simple salesman�customer tie.
cancel this deal as well as to scale down the Instead of tumkey sales, certain sectors of
initial order for the Franco-German Airbus the F~ench business community are ~seeking
commercial eirliner. a new associate type of relationyhip. They
This was a major blow to French trede envisage joint operations in Arab countriea
and a setback for these key sectors of the and other Third World states which would
economy, F:ench officials and businessmen facilitate the smcx~th alliance of Areb capital
were all the more disuppointed since and French technaloKy. I~
COPYRIGHT: 1979 I.C. Magazines Ltd.
CSO: 3120
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COUNTRY SECTION I'RANCE `
,
HABIB-DELONCLE INTERVIEWED ON TRADE RELATIONS
- London THE MIDDLE EAST in English May 79, pp-11~119
- [Interview with Michel Habib Deloncle, president of Franco-~�~~:-~b Chamber of
Commerce]
[ Te:ct ] echeduled for the end of May in Amman, on
"Profesaional Traininq and the 'I~ansfer of
Michel Habib-Deloncle, who Technology".
wad a minister under General de In addicion, the CCFA publishes a year�
G~aulle, is now President of the book, a fortnighcly bullecin and a bi�
Franco-Arab Chamber of monthly magazine in both French and
Arabic. The French edition informe French
Commerce. He epoke t0 The firms of the possibilities oftered in Areb
Middle East about the g;ogress market~, keeps them up�to-date on com�
of Franeo-Arab trade relatione. mercial, 6sca1 and sociel ls~ia~ation in these ~
countries, and reports on their different
O Can you brie8y deecribe the ecope of development plans as well ss annuel
Lhe Franco-Arab Chamber of budgets. The Arabic editia~ informs our
Commerce'e (CCFA) activities?~ Arab friends on the varied aspeci~ of the
O The principal role of the F~anco-Arab French economy, both by sector of activity
- Chamber of Comme-ce is to encourage end and by region. Moreoyer, they are kept up�
aid the development of commercial, in- tv.date on the holdin~ of different trade fai~s
dustr'al and trade relations between France and on more specielised branch activities
and all the countries of the Arab world, In which a-e ~oinR ~n in France.
order to achieve this goal, bilateral sections ~e Chamber of Commerce, which is
- one for each Arab country - organisE organiaed on an equal�representation basis,
special atudy sessions. These gatherings are is an organisation which favoura the ex-
attended by ministe~s or senior civil ser- -
vants and businessmen from the muntries change of information and facilitates
concemed. We also sEnd out study and in- personal contacts betwe~n the French end
formation missions every year to all the ~g~'
Arab states. o In the Arab world France has had an
The Chamber of Commerce also sponsors excellent reputation ever elnce General
conferences and symposiums. As an de Gaulle changed the couree of the
~ example of this type of activity I can country's forxign policy in the Mtddle
mention the 1976 symposium held in East In 1967. Dues thie help French cor-
Marseilles on "The Imbalance of Franco- poratione in winning contraete in Arab
Meghreb Commercial Relations", the Khar- countries?
toum eymposium in 1978 concerning 0 Yes, in the sense that FYench companiea
Agricultural Development and Agro- have been able to demonatrate their
dynamism and measure up to the stiff com-
Industriel Activities and our next one, petition in the Arab markets. In the
economic sphere, a political "honeymoon"
can only play a secondary role.
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' F'~It ~!~'~ICIAL US~ ONLY
. t~ In 1y7H purle rank~d brhlnd Jup~rn in the~~furrnruf ~~e~'r C'M1t~ltr, N~~c1~ Nd ~U~j
~lobu! trade Hguree end br.htnd Wrrt million Icwn nm m~rket trrm,, 'I'hc..r tw~~
Grrmun~ fo~ exporte. How do yuu c~rdit arr~nKemenW, ~~~uu knnw, 1Vp(p
urrnunt fnr thie ~elstive dpelinp in th~ arranged by ~rench b~~klnK ~~T~diceten; th~
Ftrneh poeition~ fln?t nne wad hr,edrd bv tl~e Hxnyur de C'atfe
~~nre waa mor~ srvrrrlv hit than 1Vt~t pt dee Pey~ B~, (Panlinal nnd the eecund by
Grrmany ~nd Jap~n by the worid emndmtc the $enque Nationele dr f~arie ~l~Np),
rribir. ~rench c~nrpdratinn~ ha:p more In any ee~r,1~'r~ncn~ AiKenAr. ~~�operatinn
' di~Hculty in cnming to gripe with thr ?e a hiatorieal and a~grnphic~~l nerea~ity ~
ict~~erntive~ of mmprtitinn in thper which will cert~u~ly exrry thr d~y in ~pite nf
m~rket~, w~hirh, by the a~ev, hae been in� the upe nnd dnwn~ in thrU bilatrr~l
ten,iNed My the nmvnl of ~till mdrr pertnen+. r~letiony,
L7 I'~TBflC! MeeR1d LO ~ 9blp ~ pINCp IlM 0 The ~~errk t~udp deflcit vI~�u�vte the
militery equlpment more rgeily than Argb eountrie?~ Ir 4rpcciully thr rerult
nther anndr and eervfre~ in the Middle of itr crude oil importe f~om ~leudi
Eaet. }!ow do you expidin thi~ fact'1 A~abia~ i~ay~ ~ata~ and the UA~, but
b Civen F renre'~ policy of nomalignment ~rencr dcer not ecem ablp to makp a
nnd it+ pusitinn in the Atab�I,~reeli eontiict, mdJor commp~ri~l breakthrouKh he~r.
it i~ I~M~kpd upon by rountrier in the Middlr 0 i~'ranre is but nne nf the develnped
F'.ai~t a, a,upplier nf prme heceusp~ countrie~. On the induatrinl front ~rance
purrMgsin~ militarv rquipment "mode in he~ ta compete egain~t Jepnn, 1Ve~t Cer�
~'rnnre� drKw nnt impl~ eny pc,litiral con� meny, end the Lnitpd Slete~, Thrreforr, vn
ccw~inn.. 'I'hi, tartor dne. nnt applv to nnn� are eble W win unly pert nf this matket.
militerygaods. ~'nnrthrl~tae, it ie elrredy a rather ccm�
d Whet rnly doee trede with the Mlddle aiderablr ahere c~,necfa~~y whrn rrou taice
_ ~aetern countrier huv~ ln Frencr'� intn cc?nsiderntic,n thr fert that N~e urrived in
global economlc rtreteqy7 the,e merkets much later thnn ma,t -~f the
0~anae u hea�ly dependent on the ti'ear other oountries.
_ ~aet for ite crudr oil aur;+liey, xnd therefore O In 1978 France imported 52'~ of ite
fot the emooth functionina of ita economy, crude oil trom 5audi Arnbla and Ireq.
While diver~ifjtinR ita eneray ~outcey, ie is What efYect dors the concentretion of
normal tl~at France eee{c~ the clnseat pc~i. fl~ench oii ~ourcer in the Middle ~aet
ble co�oprcation with the wuntrie~ of thi~ have on Its poticlee?
region nnd attempta tn pco~ide the ad� O The fRnch have been makin~ efCorte to
~enced technology needed to fu1611 their diventfy theit aour~e~ of energy ~upply. ~'or
development need~, pre~ident Valery Lutence, president Gixsrd d'~etaing was
Giscard d'E~tainR ~u~geated A form of t+ecently in Mexico and the maneqinR direc-
trilateral co�operation betK~een Europe, tot at the etate�rnntmlled oii compeny,
Africe and countrie~ of the Areb League Soci~t4 Nationale d'EU�Aquiteine (S`~A),
that ia in line with this policy. Albin Chalandon, peid a visit ;a Venezuela.
O During the paet few ~�eare politlca! Hoa~e~~er, we have ~reat mnfidence in our
relatione betwern Alaier~ and Pnria friendehip with oil�producing Arab
have deteriorated. K'hat effect ha~ thle oountrlee, nut to epeak of the keen aen~e of
hed on economic tiee brta�een the two re~pcmaibility which they have shown.
countries? O How do you envi~age the future ot
O The tense atmoephere in ~ranco.Algerian Franco-Arab ca-operatiun in the
relation~ ha~ been qradually lessening s~nce eoonorolc domain?
the ~pring oE 19~8.'[~ia trend w�ga cunHrmed O'il~e met}ads af E~anoaArab a}operetivn
by the signature of contrecta between the eu~e neceaearily different in reypect to the
Algerian etate hydrocarbon mmpany, politicel regime end the epecific
5onatrech, and the ~ranco.Italien corn cherncf.eriatics of the countries invoh~ed.
sortium of Technip~E.~t, The fust contract, I,et'e take as an example the recent
for e tocal of 356 million EF, invo(e~s economic and technical caoperation agree-
en6~irseering work and the supply~ing of nine ment eigneci with Iraq on 20 Februnry. Geq
liquefaction equipments for the ttwd li� undertoek W booet ite crude oil exporte to
que6ed and natural gas IL1G 3) pla,~t at Fcenca by more than 25 per cant in 19i9. Aa
~?new. The ~econd rontrect dealt with the 'tor'the French Government, it agreed to'
financing of the liquefection facilitiea at this
P1ant aa well a~ ahrr xood~ and ~em~e~, PerticiPete in the establi~hment in Uaq of e
number of research centres for eolsr energy
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~OR tlF~tCIN. U5~ ONLY
~nd nuelp~r Ebr?~~ a~~ll ~e the rr~ile~tiun
~f a pro~ect fdr the liquefactlnn of nattu~l
~ae.1n t e&amework ot theee project~, Uaq
exprreeed (ce N~ttltngnes~ W linlc the impor� -
tation nf ~rench technology to the treining
of Geqi t~ehniciene In Franrc. Another
euemple nf ~ranen~Arab cvnpr~atinn 1~ the
mutual Int~r~rt takrn by ~~ence and Qatar
in the Neld ot petrdchemiceis,
The~e were aleo eeveral expoeitione of
~trnch pmducta tn the Emiretre and
eleewher~ in thp Gulf. i cen ~i~~e ynu ~everal
exemplca: the ieland of Beeuty Cruiep in
- 1978 and the Merco pnlo operetiona
launched by the Limou~in�Poitou�
Cherenccs lael Chamber of Commerce in
Dubai and Doha in I978 and 1978. Sy the
eame token, in c~ltabnrati~n ~!~th thp
Fa~ench tTI'A eirlinee, ~ w~ek�Icmg expoeition
of Fr~nch ptnducte ie w be organired tn
Behrain in tA80.
Different miaeia?e of the CCFA end the
Centee E'r~nSa{e du Cnmmerce Ext~rieur,
more epecialieed and techn�cei tn nature,
pay annual viei~s to the Gult Emirates. Our
Chamber of Commerce in 197'T orgeniaed a
trip for 30 ~rench bueinesemen to Bahraln
and the UA~t In 1978 we eponeored another
one, this time u+ Kuwait, Qatar and Omen.
~ti'e inten~3 to orgeniee a etudy end infoe-
maticm ~ion during the Peris 'I~ede Fair
whe~~ the ga}v~w~ snd UAE pevilions ere in�
augurated. O
COPYRIGHT: 1979 IC Magazines Ltd. -
CSO: 3120
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FOR OFt~'tCIAL USE bNLY
COUNTRY S~CTION ~'~~C~
. JAGUAtt MAY GET SFENA AUTOMATIC PILOT
Parie AIR 6 COSMOS in French 21 Apr 79 p 29
(Article by Gerard Collin: "Automatic Sfena PiloC on Jaguar Sonn?"j
_ (Text] Back i.n 1977, Dassault--BregueC waa developing an automatic pilot
system �or the Jaguar aircraft or, more specifically, e pilot aesiatant
syetem. Several months later, General Fleurot confirmed Air Force in-
teregC in thig kind of aid to piloting~ permitting the pilot "to let go
of the etick for several minut~s in an area of limited flight~" the pur-
pose being "to give the pilot a little more comfort during the all-
Weather mi~~ions he is called upon to fly."
The idea thus ie to come up with a"simple" or "minimum" automatic pilot
for the Jaguer aircraft, With the following necessary modes having been
defined in this context: -
For guidance in depth, the mode of longitud3aal flying trim maintenance
and the altitude maintenance i~de;
For warp guidance, the course maintenance mode. -
Begidee, the equipment should provide warp trim aid for the aircraft ag
well as a trim function in depth, this time entirely automatic.
SFENA (French Air Navigational Equipment Compaay~ aas charged, on a con-
tract basis, with developing prototype equipmeat far thie automatic pilot
which was to be simple, as compared to equipment intended for aircraft
such~ as the export version of the Mirage F1 or the Mirage 2000.
Improvement at Minimum Cost
To make the integration of an automatic pilot into aa already existing
aircraft coherent With the operational and economic objectives, it seemed
neceasary to limit the possible costs involved in the redefinition of
other equipment on the Jaguar. Heace, a simple formula was selected: -
The orders for the SFENA automatic pilot are simply superposed upon those
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~0~ OFFICIAL USE ONLY . `
a],r~ady exi~ti.ng on ~he lev~l o~ th~ our~ue of th~ ~ircr~ft'e auCo~t~bi.lixa-
~ ti~n module~ (~~e diagram below). W~ are d~aling h~re with three Smith
axe~ modules, wirh elecrricai-hydxaulic eetivoconrrole alehough their
couree ueed by the nutoetabili~ere ia reduced. When rhe limiti~ of thia
cour~~ ~run~ ~re ~te~3n~d, th~ SFENA ~y~t~m e~rigg~r~ th~ d~pth trim
function or taiis the pilot t~ activate tha warp trim. For rhie purpase,
th~ pi.loC puehes the m~nual trim button which i~ already in place on the
~tick (SAi~i ~Moving 1Machinery Appl3cationg Company)).
Au~omatic pilot op~rating control ig ~~sured by three dialg which will
ba plac~d on the righC porCion of the instrument panel. The first dial~
the "PA" (automatic pilot~ dial, serves to trigger the automatic pilot,
in its basic modes (heading, flying trim, trime). The eecond dial, tha
"AL'~" dial--compared to the preceding one--exchangea the baee mode of
flyin~ trim m~intenance against the higher mode of gltitude maintenance.
The third dial ia a kind of domino with four sectore (see diggram). 7'he
sectora on the left and the right tell the pilot Che desired direction
of the warp trim. The upper and lower sectere tell the pilot about an
anomaly in th~ gutomaCic depth trim..
The cnntrol~ are guppl~m~need by fast triggering and re-triggering puah
buttons, locat~d directly on the stick. But here again, the engineere
sCarted with the controle a2ready installed on the aircraft in order not
to increage the aircraft modification cost~ any further. Overall, SFENA
thu~ supplies the following: The computer properly speaking (4 kilograms),
the three dials, two sCatic pressure detector probes for tha altitude
maintenance mode.
The system of course has some synthetic safeties (apeed, amplitude limits)
- covering the entire chain (computer, shock abaorbere, balancing planes).
The automatic pilot ia a{.sconnected the moment Che pilot resumes control
of the aircraft (detpctoi~s at foot of stick).
Flight Tpsts Scheduled for November 1979
A first prototype of the automatic piloC is being tested on the test
bench of SAr4t at Vernon. Flight tests are acheduled for this coming
November on a Jaguar, of course, For the moment, no final decision i~as
been raade by the Air Force. In case of a positive deciaion, the series
ehould get atarted in 1981, a time at ahich we ~,?ould thus be starting
the reequipment of aircraft, a formula that might also be of iaterest
to other Jaguar users. .
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- ~o~ d~~icrnt. Us~ ~rr~x
(4) (5)
?A ALT ~6 ) ~ 1 ~
/IIOTI ~ARTit
AUYO AIOUTt[
~ CA~TLU~f -
?s
( ~ ) MANCNt M~TI~ ( 2 )
(S~ AUTOtTA~ ~~fTANtt
T~IM
su?
~ 9 ~ scavo�
co~~uNC~ couv~~N~ (4 )
Simplified AutomaGic pilot Qperating Diagram on "Depth" Channel. The
portion above thp broken line repreaents the system developed by SFENA.
Key: 1--added portion; 2--existing portion; 3--atick; 4--control surface;
4--automatic pilot [dia1J; 5--altitude ~dialj; 6--autopiloC; 7--etatic
preasure detector; S--autostabilizer; 9--eervocontrol.
CpPXRIGHT: Air b Cosmos, Paris, 1979
SO58
CSO: 31U0
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~AR O~FICIAL US~ ONLY
COUNTRY SECTION FItANCE
~ '
~
JAGUAttS EQUIPPED WITH OMERA-40 CAIrII:RA
Paris AYR & COSMOS in French 21 Apr 79 p 29
(T~xt; Certain Jaguar aircraft of the Air Force are equipped with an
Omera panoramic camera, type 40. InaCailed under the nose of the air-
craft, it makes ir pos~ible to take horizon-to-horizon pictures over
a field of 180�. The camera usea a double-perforation 70-mm film pro-
ducing images with a format of 57 mm x 249 mm, contained in a 75-m
magazine. The picturee are taken at a gpeed of 2-10 imagea per gecond,
with an objective of 75 mm and an expoaure time of 1/l0U to 1/10,000
eecond, with running compensation. xhe camera's standard operating
alCitude is betWeen 3,000 an~l 20,000 f~. It weighs 18 kg and ia
aupplied ~rith po~aer at 28 v.
In addition to the Jaguar aircraft, this camera is inatalled on the
Mirage III R D, Mirage III R, and Mirage F1 Export (pod) aircraft. .
COPYRIGHT: Air & Cosmos, Paris, 1979
505$
CSO: 3100
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~
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COUNTRY S~C~ION
LASER-GUIDED MISSILES FOR JAGUAR, MIItAG~ 2000
Paxis AIR & COSMOS in ~rench 21 Apr 79 p 31
[ArCicle by Pierre Langereux: "Laser-Guided Weapons for Jaguar and
Mirage 2000"]
(TextJ The French Air Force will undoubtedly be rhe firat in the world
to be gble Co equip ies aingle-seat aircraft with a fire conCrol and
auComaric rarget designation pod, using laser beams. At Che end of 1978,
the agencies concerned atarted the aeries production of the "ATLIS 2"
pod developed in cooperation by Thomson CSF (France) and Martin MarietCa
(U.S.A.) ro equip the single-seat Jaguar and Mirage 2000 at the starC of
the eighties. These aircraft will thus be able to fire the "AS 30 Laser"
ground-to-nir miesile of Aerospatiale (range 10-12 km) and the 100-+nnn
. rocket of Thomson-BrAndt (range 1-6 km), equipped with an "Ariel" auto-
maCic laser guidance unit by Thomson-CSF, ae well as the future 1,000-kg
bomb with laser head, derived from the "Ariel" (THOMSON -CSF also devel-
oped a laser range finder, the TMV 630 "EBLIS," for bomb guidance).
The U.S. Air Force is also interested in the "ATLIS 2" pod to equip the
single-seat F-16 aircraf~,in service in the United Stat~es and in the NATO
countries, with laser-guided armament. In (3reat Britain, British Aero-
space is also planning to uae the "ATLIS 2" pod for the guidance of the
new "Sabre" light air-to-around missile currenCly being developed. In
Germany, Che West German Air Force is contemplating the equipmenC of
the Phantom and Tornado fighter-bombers and the Dornier Company is
srudying the possibility of insCalling the "ATLIS 2" pod on the Alpha-Jet.
The operational evaluation of the "ATLIS 2" pod in France, which took place
between October 1976 and January 1978 at the Cazaux CEV [Flight Test CenterJ
with a Jag~~ar turned out very satisfactory. It demonstrated that it was
in effect pc,ssible for an isolated single-seat aircraft pilot with pre-
cision to accomplish the designation of laser-guided weapons targets while
flying at low altitudes (between 900 and at least 100 m during teste).
The pilot has a TV screen to perform the target designation with the help
of the TV camera in the pod, connected with a tracking system; then the
aim of the laser beam is maintained automatically without the action of
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~OR O~~ICIN, US~ nNLY
eh~ pilor and regard].e~~ nf eh~ n~aneuv~rs pexformed by ehe aircraft.
During ee~tP, the pod even made iC poseible ~o spor e~rgets tihrough n
thin 1.~yer of clouda or migC. The in-flighe ~esC of ehe '~A~1,xS 2" pod
on F-16, per�ormed in the Unitied States in Ju1y-AugueC 1978, also demon-
sGrar~d the grability o~ laser illuminaeion (wiCh th~ ITAY-1 t~lematieY-
illuminator oF CGE [Gener~l Elec~ric Company~) and tl:e precieion in Ghe
gu3d~nc~ of mi~eiles fired (ehe "GBU 10" and "GBt1 16" glide bombs) a.galnet
tnrgetg (eank~, SP guns, eGc.), ~s well. as ehe pveaibiliey of switching
targetg g�Cer releasing Che miasile or attacking a group of beCween 3 and
6 tanks in ~ single pgas (by means of successive CarBer designation a�ter
locking in on ~he firaC target). See AIR ~T COSMOS, No 643, 675, 738, and
750.
FIGURE APPENDIX
4 k~.i K hr 'i- 4'i ,M 4'9'
.;.,,,~~?~ia...~ ~ ~'L.w"4ii t4 1?..al v~ ~
~,~iF'`~~~.~,~�~ t~'~~*~,~....
~ -n ,s y, n.;~r- rv, a i : ~rv~`~ ~c4~'a v' ~ ~
k;.-k c~ s k~ i: ap Pry5! i~C ~~li �s1 `4 ~ i~ 1 4
~ ~ ~ ~ ~~