JPRS ID: 8598 USSR REPORT INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS--INTERIOR SANITARY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

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• Collection: JPRS
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• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 48
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 43
• Content Type: REPORTS

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' ' ~
~ , . , , ~
- EQUIPMENT~VENTILATION AN~ AIR CONOITIONINti

3i JULY i9T9 C FOUO 9!?9 ~ i OF i
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~nlt ()N'FtCIAt, I.ISN: nNLY
JPRS L/8598
31 July 1979
USSR R~ ort
p
INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS
CFOUO 9/79)
INTERIOR SANITARY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT
~ Ventilation and Air Conditioning
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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~ J~RS L/8598
31 Ju~y ~979
USSR REPORT
INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS
' (FOUO 9/79)
INTERIOR SANITARY ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT
VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
Moscow VNUTRENIYE StiNITARNO-TEKHNICHESKIYE USTROYSTVA V DVUKH CHASTYAKH CHAST'
IT VENTILYATSIYA I KONDITSIONIROVANAYE VOZDUEQiA in Russian 1977 pp 6-9, 18,
39, 64, 76, 93, 105, 126, 128, 179, 215~216, 223-224, 229, 246, 282, 2g4,
316-317, 321, 330, 346, 364, 370
~ [Excerpts from the book by doctora of the engineering sciences V.N. Bogos-
lovskiy, I. A. Shepelev, V. M. E1'ter.man, A. I. Pirumov, candidates of the
engineering sciences V. B. Barkalov, A, G. Yegiazorov, E. A, Leskov, V. M.
Rubchinskiy, I. G. Staroverov, P. A. Fialkovskaya, engineers N, I. Berezina,
z. I. Konstantinova, R. G. Kotlyar, I. N. Leykin, L. F. Moor, V. I. Moahkin,
A. I, Ushomirskaya�, Ye. 0. Shil'krot and M. M. Yastrebov, third edition, part
2, Stroyizdat Publi.shers, 509 pages]
CONTENTS PAGE
Annotation 1
Original Table of Contents 2
Foreword to the Second Edition 9
Foreword to the Third Edition 10 ~
CHAPTER 1. Basic Principles 10
CHAPTER 2. The Thermal Nade of a Building. The Entry of Heat and
Moisture Into a Room 19
CHAPTER 3. The Entry of Harmful &ubstancea Into a Room 21
CHAPTER 4. Cleaning Dust Out of Vznt~lat3on Air 23
_ - a - [III - USSR - 36 FOUO ]
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CONTENTS (ConCinued) page
CNAPT~l2 5. Th~ Aerat3on Deaign of IndusCrial. Buildinge 23 .
CHAPT~R 6. The Specific Feaeures of the Ventilation of Buildinge for
Various Purposee Z~i
CHAPT~R 7. Air Conditioning 26
CNAPTEIt 8. Air UisCribuCion in a Room 29
~ CHAPTEIt 9. Air Batha 31
CNAPTER 10. Air Curtains 32
CHAPTER 11. Local Vents 35
CHAPTER 12. The Design of Air Ducts 35
CHAPTER 13. Structural Deaign Solutions for Mechanical Ventilation
and Air Conditioning Systeme, and Specificationa for -
Equipment Selection 36
CHAPTER 14. PneumaCic Conveyance Systema for Woodworking ;.astes 38
CHAPTER 15. The Regulation of Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Air
Heating Systems 38
CHAPTER 16. Ejector Installations 39
CHAPTER 17. Combating the Noise of Ventilation and Air Conditioning
Syatems 41
CHAPTER 18. Thermal Insulation 41
CHAPTER 19. The Fundamentals of Designing tlutomation for Interior
Sanitary Engineering Systems 42
CHAPTER 20. Fire Safety Requirements 43 `
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unc 697,9,001.2(031)
ANNOTATION ~
[ExcerpCs] The basic standards maCerials and the requisite information for
designing vent3lation and air conditioning systems are given in ~he handbook.
The requisite climate specifications for rooms, quzstions of tihe delivery
of heat and moisture to rooms, as well as the intrusion of harmful gases -
and steps to combat them are treaCed. Equipment for cleaning dust ouC of
air, informaCion for the design of air condition~ng and aeration systems for
industrial buildings are presented, and recommendations are given for air
baths, curtains and local vents. Questions of the design of air ducts, as
well as pneumatic conveyance are treated. Measures are given for combating
the noise of ventilation installations. Recommendations are given for heaC
insulation equipment and system automation, Fire safety requirements are
presented, Data on basic ventilaCion equipment are given in the appendix,
The handbook is intended for engineering and technical workers in design and
construction organizaCions.
Some 397 tables, 368 figures.
1
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OitIC~NAL 'CABL~ Or CONT~NT5
I~'nrcw~rd eu tl� 5ecand ~diCion 5
~orewnrd ro ehe Third GdiCinn 5
- Chr~pCer :L. l3usic I'rinciples
1..].. Physiccil quantities which characCerize the condition of ~ir 6
1.2. Climaric conditions in rooma ~
~ 1.3. L'xtenC of ~he provisions for the internal thermal design speci-
r'icaCions 1~
1.4. The design par~uneCers Eor exCerior air 18
1..5. The selecCion of exterior c13ma~e deaign parame~ers wiCh a given
specification assurance fac~or 19
],.6~ Basic similitude criCeria and the use of the i-d dingram in
design calculations 21
1.7. The organization of air exchange 25
A. Basic data concerning the selection of a vent3lation system
nnd the deCermination of the quantity of venCilaCed air 25
B. Air delivery and removal 26
C. 2ona1 ventilation 26
- 1.8. Culculations of Che level of pollution of atmospheric sir by
ventilation and industrial missions 27
A. The ~ustification of ineasures to protect atmospheric air against
pollution by venCiiation and indusCrial emissions and the area af
applicaCion of the design formulas 2~
B. Design formulas for emissions from low sources 28
' C. Design formulas for emissions from high sources 35
D. Design formulas for emissions from a group of low and high sources 38 '
Chapter 2. The Thermal Mode of a Building. The Entry of Heat and Moisture
into a Room.
2.1. General principles ' 39
2.2. The thermal balance of a room in a building 39
2.3. The calculation of heat entry into a room 40
A. Heat liberation from electric motors and from the conversion of
- mechanical energy to thermal energy 40 -
B. Heat liberation from equipment and materials 40 .
C. Heat liberation from artificial illumination 4x
D. Heat and moisture liberation by people 41
E. The entry of heat with infiltrating air 41
F. The entry of heat through inter;Lor barriers 42
G. The entry of heat through the filling of light openings 42
H. The entry of heat through massive outer barriers (exterior wa11s,
roofs) 54
2.4. The thermal mode of a room in a building 55
A. The natural mode 55
B. The conCrolled mode 56
2
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2.5. The cal.cu~.aCidn of thQ ~nCry of moisCure into n room S9
A. The d~Cerminntion oF moleCure emissione 59
B. Th~ calcul~Cion of ~ir exchange 59
C. PrevenCing mois~ure condeneaeion on interior surfaces of bu~.lding
roofs 61
U. The calcula~ion of the hoC air blow-~hrough of covers And Che
uppar zone of rooms 61
ChapCer 3. The Inrrusion of Harmful Substances ~.nLo a room
3.1. General principlea 64
3.2. The c~lculaeion of harmful aubatance emiasions 64
~ A. Emissions of harmful subeCancea from equipmenC, the Coxic agenC
in which is under pressure 64
B. Emissions of harmful subsCancea from equipment, the toxic agenC
in which is at leas than aCmospheric pressure 66
C. Emissions of harmful substances through ~he seals of the moving -
par~s of equipment 67
D. The evaporation of harmful substances from open surfaces 67
E. The evaporation of harmful substances from surfaces on wh~,ch a
film is formed 69
3.3. The recommendations of departmenCal sCandards for air changes per
hour 70
3.4. The distribu~ion of the concentration of harmful substances over
the height oP a room 74
3.5. The determination og ~he amount of ven~ilated air 75
Chapter 4. Removing Dust from Ventillation Air
4.1. The classificaCion of dusts and dust removal equipment 76
4.2. Cleaning supply ex~erior and recirculated air 78
A. The initial daCa for the choice and design of air filters 78
B. Oil air filters 82
C. Fiber air filters 83
D. Spor?ge type air filters 85
E. Electrical air filters 85
F. The arrangement of the air filters in filter chambers 86
4.3. Cleaning ventilation exhaust emissions 86
A. The initial data for Che selection and design of dust traps 86
B. Gravitational dust traps 87
C. Dry type inertial dust traps 87
D. Wet type intertial dust traps 89
~ E. Electrical traps for the aerosols of mineral oi1s, plasticizers
and other oily 1i.~uids 9~,
F. C1oCh dust traps 9~,
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Chapter 5. The Nutur~il VenCil~tion Uea~.gn of Indus~ria]. ~uildings
S.L. Genernl principles g3
5.2. Single buy build~.ngs 9~
5.3. Uoub~.~ bny buildings 97
5.4. Triple b~y buildings wiCti a center "cold" bay 98
5.5. Triple bay buildings ~n which a11 bays are "hoC" 100
5.6. 'I'wo-srory build3ngs 1,00
5.1. Build.ings equipped wiCh ~.ocal mechanical ven~ilaCion 10],
5.8. The deeermination of the hea~ balance componenCs of a room,
2k ~nd Q~.i.z~ ~nd the pole spacing of ~he heaC emisaion
- sot?rces rn ].02 _
Chupter 6. The Srecific FeaCures of VenC3laCing Buildings of Various
Types
6.1. Itesidential and public buildings. Auxiliary buildings and rooms
of indus~rial enterpxises 105
A. General princ3ples 105
B. Residential buildings 105
C. The buildings of administrative ins~itutions and pro~ect plannin~
or.ganizations 108
D. Public buildings 109
E. Auxiliary buiJ.dings and rooms of industrial enCerprises 117
_ 6.2. Agricultural buildings and facil3ties 119
Chapter 7. Air Conditioning
7.1. General principles 126 ~
7.2. The performance of air conditioning systems 128
A. The useful and the overall productivity of air conditioning
systems 128
B. Exeerior air consumption 129 ~
7.3. Air conditioning iaystems 131
A. General 131
B. Central systems which process exterior air 132 -
C. Central systems which process ex~erior and recirculated air 135
D. Central, two-channel systems 140
E. Central water-air systems 142
F. Local systems 145
G. Combination systems 146
7.~?. Air-3eC irrigation chambers 146
A. General information 146
B. The design of atr-~et irrigation chambers 146
7.5. Air coolers with irrigated attachments 150
A. The calculation of the heat and moisture exchange in irrigated
layers of rings 150
B. The calculation of the adiabatic moisturizing of air in irrigated
layers of various materials 153
4
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7.6. Sur~c~ce uir coolers 154
A. Gener~l informaC~.on 154
13. Th~ des~.gn of ~3.r coolere using rhe ~rocedura o� O.Y~.
Kokorin* 15G +
C. The design uf ~ir coolers uaing ehe ma~e~i.:~.s of A.A. Gogo].in
and Ye.Ye. Kapris 156
U. The r~sistttnce of c~ir coolers to Che flow of air and coolant 159
Ueqign examples of Air coolers ~ 160
' 7.7. The humidi~ying and evaporaCive cooling of air 160
A. Sysrems for the local supplemenCal humidifying o� air 160
t3. Eiumidifying a~.r wirh ateam 1,60
C. Indirece and combinaCion evaporative cooling of ai,r 162
7~8. Drying air wiCh sorDenrs 1,fi3
7'.9. Supplying cold for air condiCioning systems 17].
A. Natural coldness sources 17~ ~
B. Compressor type refrigeraCors ],72
C. Vapor e~ecCor and absorption refrigeraCors 1,72
D. Co1d supply sysCems for conditioners 174
E. Capacities in cold supply sys~ems 1,75
_ 7.10. The determ~nation of ehe annual consumpti,on o� heaC and cold
for an air condieioning sysCem X78
. Chapter 8~. Air Distr3buCion in a Room
8.1. The calculation of convective turbulenC streams 179
8.2. The design of air distributors 190
A. Cylindrical and conical air distributors ],90 -
13. Wall air distriburors 190
C. Panel air distributors 191
D. Louvered and slotted air distributors 192
E. Column air distributors 194 -
F. Ceiling air distributors (plafonds) 196
G. Air distribution by streams directed upward 2Q3
H. Air distribution by Cwisted streams 204 -
I. The distribution of air passed Chrough perforated panels and
ceil.ings 207
_ J. Eddy-free air distributors 209
- K. Perforated air dusts 210
L. Air distributors-light fittings 211
8.3. General recommendations on air distribution 215
Chapter 9. Air Baths
9.1. Air bath equipment 216
A. General principles 216
B. Basic parameters 2~,g
C. Structural design instructions 217
9.2. The design of air baths 219
A. Forced air ventilation with horizontal and inclined streams 219
B. Forced aix ventilation using a downward d~rected flow 221
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Chgpt~r 10. A~.r CuLe~~.ns ~
10.1,. Gcncr~l principles 223
10.2. Th~ design of air curta~.ns 224
A. P1ate-damper type curCatns 224
B. Mixin~; Cype curtains 227
Chapter 11. Loca1 Vents
11.1. Open Cype local vents 229
A. ExhausC hoods 229
_ B. Exhaust panels 230
- C. Side vents ' 232 ~
D. ActivaCed vents 234
11.2. Exhaust hoods and venCilated chambers 236
A. ExhausC hoods 236
~ B. Ven~ila~ed chambers 238
11.3. Air inCake housings 240
A. For tool grinding and polishi~!g machines 240
B. For meCal working machine tonls 241
C. For machine tools which work graphite and carbon products 242
D. For welding work 243 -
11.4. AspiraCed shelters 243
Chapter 12. Air Duct Design
_ 12.1. General principles 246
12.2. The design of air duc~s and ventilation channels 246
A. The size and weight of air dticts 246
B. The dimensions of ventilation channels 247
C. The design of air ducCs and channels o� convective and exhausC
_ general purpose ventilat3on systems 248
D. The design of diaphragms for circular and rectangular air ducCs 273
E. The design of conical diaphragms 274 _
F. The design of air ducts for aspiration and pneumatic conveyance
systems 278
G. The design of air ducts for naturally driven ventilation systems 281
Chapter 13. Structural Designs for Mechanical Ventil$tion Systems and
Air Conditioning, and Specifications for Equipment Selection
13.1. The layout of ventilation systems and the equipment of chambers 282
A. The configuration of influx and exhaust chambers 282
B. Air ducts 282
C. Blocking and conCrolling devices 283
�13.2. Convective and exhaust ventilation instalations 284
A. General principles 284
B. Convective ventilation installations 284
C. Exhaust ventilation installations 287
6
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_ 1~.3. Mech~nica:L ventilation equ3pmenC 288
. A. r~ns ~g8
13. B~.ectric moCors Zg~
C. Tr~nsmissions zg~
U. A~.r heaters 29~
ChapCer 14. Pneumatic Conveyance Systems for Woodworking Was~es
14.1. General principles 2g4
- ~.4.2. S~ructural designs of pneuma~ic conveyance systems 29G
~.4.3. Cleaning wood wasCes out of air 295
14.4. The des3gn of inrrashop pneumatic sys~ems 2g5
Chapter 15. The Control of Ventil~tion, Air Cond~tioning and Air
Heating Systems
15.1. V~lves in pipelines 316
15.2. Valves (shutters) for regulating air flows 31,7
15.3. RegulaCing the outpuC of fans 320
- Chap~er ~,6~ E~ector TnsCa11at3ons
16.1. General principles 321
16.2. Low pressure e~ectors (fan driven) 321,
16.3. E~ection systems for emergency ventilation 325
16.4. High pressure e~ectors (compressed air driven) 382
Chapter 17. Combating the Noise of Air CondiCioning and Vent~lat~,on
Installations
17.1. General principles 330
17.2. Recommended permissible noise levels for air condit3oning and
' ventilation systems 330
17.3. Noise sources of ventilation installations and their noise
= characterisCics 331
17.4. Special features of the acoustic design of air conditionign
and ventilation systems 334
17.5. Calculating sound pressure levels at desiga points 335
17.6. Reducing the sound power levels of noise sources in the compo-
nents in a vent3lation network 338
17.7. Sound insulation of ventilation chambers 339
17.8. Suppressor design 341
17.9. An example of the acoust3c design of a convective inflow
installation 343
Chapter 18.. Thermal Insulat3on
18.1. General principles 346
18.2. Requirements placed on heat insulation materials and structures 346
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18.:3. 1'he selecrion of thermal insulation maCertals and sCructures 346
18.4. 7'h~ det;~rmin~Cion of inaulation layer ~hickness based on
sl~ec~.L'ied lie~C und cold loases, as we11 as from the condiCions
fnr ttvoiding condensat�ion of moisCure and wa~er freezing pipes 351
18.5. The determin~tion of the insulatior, thickness of a3r ducCs for
air condiCioning based on the condiCion of main~aini.ng the
requisire feed air CemperaCure at a design poinC 352
18.6. The calcularion of ehermal insulation layer ~hickness ~rom the -
condiCion for avoiding overheating oF feed~ water in pipes 352
_ 18.7. DeCermining tt~e :tnsulaCion Chickness for the pipes of a pro-
duction drainage sysCem 352
18.8. The determination of insulation thickness 353
1R.9. Examples of ~he determinaCion of insulat'ion thickness 363
,
Chapter 19. The FundamenCals of Planning the Autiomation of TnCerior
~ SaniCary Engineering SysCems -
19.1. Basic principles 364
19.2. Thermal engineering mon3,toring and signalling 364 .
19.3. The auComatic regulation of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning systems 366
19.4. The automatic regulation of hoC and cold water supply systems 368
19.5. The automaCic proCection of equipment and inCerlocking 368
19.6. The control of electric motors and providing production control _
services 369
Chapter 20. Fire Safety Requirements
20.1. General principles 370
20.2. Heating 370
20.3. Ventilation, air conditioning and air heating 371
20.4. Emergency ventilaCion 374
20.5. Air ducts 375
20.6. The equipment of systems and. iCs layout 378 -
20.7. Rooms for ventilation equipmenC 379
Appendices
Appendix I. Fans 381
Appendix TT. Air Heaters 413 ~
Appendix TIT. Air Conditioners 425 _
Appendix IV. Filters and Dust Traps 468
_ Appendix V. ElecCric Motors 498
Subject Index 503
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t~0[t dC~~C~AL tiSL ONt~Y
t'C~ItCW~itt) '1'c~ `Clir 5~CONn CbITTdN
Condideruble ~ee~entinn ig d~vnt~d ~.n eh~ r~gn~.uCinn~ o� eh~ 25th ~mSU cnngr~~g
t~ ~hc im~rav~m~ne df warking ~~ndiCidn~ ~nd mg~.nCe~.ning rhe h~altih of work~rg.
~uc:~Qg~ in re~c~lving Cht~ pr~bl~m i~ d~~~rmin~d by Che ~ffiC~.~nC oper~t~nn o~
nir candir3nnin~~ nnd ven~iln~~.an syet~m~ b~~n~ plt~nned~
In Chc ~~Gnnd edi~inn, the m~in Chnpt~r~ of Ch~ h~ndb~ok hnv~ und~rgon~
~i~niCi~~nt revi~ian, Cuking in~a en~dunC ~h~ iAr~~r rn~or~e~C~L ~nd ~xp~ri-
menrnl seudies nnd ~~hiev~m~n~g of sc~.~nC~.f~.c r~~earch ~nd pJ.anning oxgan~-
x~tiong. mh~ reyuir~ments plae~d on the a~.r and r,hermai c~ndieion of room~
~nd ehe spe~if~.C~rion~ for eh~ g~l~ction of Che design conditinn~ for pro~ect
pl~nning h~ve b~~n reviewed ~nd brought into line with the new standards.
Design da~a on eh~ d~~r~e of ~tmospheric air polution by vent3laeion and in-
~1u~eri~1 ~mi~giong hav~ b~~n ~y~temized and preeented, and formulas are given
for ~h~ d~t~rm3n~tion ~f eh~ opt~m~?m hei~ht uf Che e~ni~s~.dn~ of pullut~d air.
~~ged ~n eh~ new prac~dur~ �or ~g1cul~Cin~ tihe Chermal mode of roomg~ quee~
tidag nf ~h~ ~nrry df ~olgr radi~t~on he~r inCo Chpm have been presented in
u new mc~nner. An attempe ia m~de fnr the f~.r~t C~n~ to ~~r Por~h ~ method
�or deterroining ~h~ ~mis~ions o� h~rmgul gubgtanc~s inCo rodms on Che basis
of Ch~c~reCiCal nnd exp~rim~nrul ~.nve~tigationa. Ne~~a informaCion is provided
cnnc~rning waCer-~ir syseemg for ~ir conditioning, Che opCimal mode for heae-
ing nnd humififying air, as we11 as eoncerning specificationa for prorectin~
~ir heat~rg ugainst fre~zing. The chapter on the disCribuCion of convective
nir hu~ b~en revi~~d, with the daCa on convecti.ve sCreams and the correction
f~ctnr.g for their ~alcul~tion made more precige. New dgta are given for
cpiling, wall and rolumn nir distributora, as well ae for perfoxated panels
~nd ceiling~.
~ew d~t~ ~re given fnr ucoustical design when combaCing the noige of air
conditioning and ventilation installations, and including that for the cal-
culr~tidn of the sound power of the air noise, Che design of suppressors,
sound in~ulating b~rriers, sound absorbing facings and vibrarional isolation
of equipment. Additionally included are da~a for ~he design of the thermal
insulation of sanitary engineering systems which are inseparably tied to
en~ergy r~~ource economy. Questions of the automaric control and monitoring
- vf the operation of ~antiray engineering equipment are presented in a;~ew
mnnner. Detailed fire ~nfety requirements are preaented for heating, venti-
lation ~nd gir conditioning sysCems in accordance with the latest standazds
maeeri~ls, coordinated with the USSR GUF'0 MVD IMgin Administration of Fire
Prevention of the Ministry of Internal Affairej and the USSR Gosstroy.
Materials from the Lenpromstroyproyekt, Soyuzsantekhproyekt, TsNIITromzdaniy
~nd ather institutes were used in compiling the handbook.
Dat~ on basic ven[ilation equipment being produced by industry as of 1 January,
1976 are given in the appendices: fans, air heaters, air conditioners, dust
gepara~ors, filters and electric motors.
9
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Th~ individu~l ch~~p~8rs of ehe h~ndbook w~r~ wrieten by eh~ Fo1L~wing ~uehorgt
ehe Eor~word by ~~ndidatie of ~h~ ~ngine~r3ng sc~.~ne~~ T.G. SCarov~rov;
Ch~pC~r 1 by ~andidnr-~ di th~ ~ngineerin~ ec~.ence~ T.G. SCnroverov (g~ct~ons
1.1. gnd 1.7.), dngine~r V.~. Moshkin (g~ceions ~..2., 1.4. and 1..6.), by
d~~ear at eh~ ~ngin~~r~.t~g s~~~nee~ V.N. ~ogoslovskiy (aectidns L.3. end 1.5)
~nd ~ng~.ne~r 'L.I. Konse~n~~.nova (~~cCion 1.8.); ch~pCer 2 by ~n~in~~r V.T.
M~shkin (~eaCinns 2.1., 2.3., A-G and 2.5) ~nd doctor of th~ engin~~rin~
scicnceg V.N. Bognslovskiy (~~ctions 2.2., 2.3., G, N gnd 2.4.); chape~r 3
by dncenr nf Ch~ ~ngineerin$ acienc~s V.M. ~:1'terman; chaptpr 4 by dnctor
df Ch~ engin~~ring sci~nc~s A.I. Pirumov; chapCer 5 by docCor of Ch~ engin-
eering sci~nCes A.I. Shep~lev and engineer Ye.O. Shil~krot; chap~er 6 by
enginp~r N.I. I3erezing (s~ction 6.1.) gnd candidate of Che eng3n~ering aci-
~n~~g A.G. Y~~i~zurav (seceinn 6.2.); chapter 7 by candidate of the angin-
~~ring saienc~~ U.V. B~rk~lov (~~cCion~ 'l.l. - 7.9.) nnd doctor uf Che engin-
eering gci~nceg V.N. Bogoslnvgkiy (section 7.10); chapCer 8 by cand3daCe n�
the engin~ering snienCes B.V. Bark~lov; chapter 9 by candidgte of the eng~.n-
eering ~ciences I.G. 5t~roverov; chapter 10 by engineer L.F. Moor; chapter 11
by candid~Cp of ehe engine~ring aciences T.A. Fialkovskaya; chapter~ 12 and
13 by engineer N.I. $erezina; chapter 14 by candidaCe of the engineering
scienc~s I.G. Stgroverov; chapter 15 by candidate of the engineering scien~es
~.V. Barkalov; chapCer 16 by engineer T.N. Leykin; chapter 11 by candidgt~
of Che engineering sciences E.A. Leskov and engineer R.G. KoClyar; chapter
18 by candidaCe of the engineering sciencea I.G. Staroverov; chapCer 19 by
candidaCe of Che engineering sciences V.M. Rubchinskiy; chapter 20 by candi-
daCe of engineering sciences B.V. Barkalov and engineer V.I. Moshkin.
Appendix i: was wriCten by engineer A.I. Ushomirskaya; appendices II, III ~nd
IV were written by c~ndidate of the engineering sciences I.G. Staroverov;
~nd appendix V was written by engineer M.M. Yastrebov.
~OREWOkD TO THE THIRD EDITION
The importance of improving working conditions and labor safety, as well as
its scienCific organiza~ion is underscored in the new USSR constiturion.
Cons erable attenCion is likewise devoted to the prorecCion o~ ~he air pool.
Th~ solution of tihe prablems posed is impossible without the efficient oper-
ation of air condtioning and venCilation systems. The ma~or questions in
designing these systems are co`*ered in the handbook.
The publishing of a third edition of the handbook is due to the urgent need
_ for the maCerial presented in it. Tndividual corrections and 3mprovemenCs
have been made in the handbook in its re-editing.
CHAPTER 1. BA5IC PRINCIPLES
1.2. Climatic Conditions in Rooms
The climatic conditions in a work area (at permanent work positions aad
outside of them) of production rooms and in the inhabited area of the rooms
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af publ~t~ ~nd re~id~ntii~]. bui.idit~g~ ~r~ ~~e~blieh~d ~n accardan~e wiCh ~h~
~p~cif~.cati,un~ df ~h~pe~~ T~~~3-75 c~� ~he 9NiP [con~~rucCion ndrm~ and sp~ciM
- L'~.c~Ci.on~~ '~H~~e3ng, V~n~i~.~Cian ~nd Ai.r Cond~,C~.~n~.ng". Th~ wdrk aon~ i~
~ congid~red ~o be Ch~ ~paCe wiCh ~ heighe n~ up to 2 m fr~~ ~h~ �1,oor level
~r ~h~ ~r~~~ in ,.,,ieh p~opie ~ra lonat~d or ehere ~re work po~ir~.on~. A
~ wdrl~ posir3on is con~~.der~d r~ b~ p~tyu~an~nC if Che anrker epende Ch~ grpaCe~C
pt~re of hi~ work eime ~h~r~ (mnr~ than 50~ or mor~ than ~ hour~ conCinuously).
tE prdc~~s~s ar~ mnn~ged ee di~ferenC po~.nte i.n eh~ work ar~a, etren Che p~rma-
_ n~nr work po~it~dn i~ c~n~id~r~d to b~ ~he enr~,r~ work are~. The eaxvic~d
~one in eh~ rodma o~ public ~nd regid~nCial bu~,ldinge, and in nuxiliary room~
~nd buildin~g of enrerpri~~s, i.~ considered to be the space with a height up
to 2 m from Cltp floor 1ev~1, and in rooms where there are p~ople primarily
in u sietin~ po~itinn (for ~xample~ theaCers, restaurant~~ d~.ni.ng halls, Ch~
xooms o~ administr~e~.v~ building~ and Che buildings of educaCiona]. inetitu-
tion~), it ie eh~ apac~ w3eh c~ he~.ght up ro 1.5 m from th~ floor level.
The perm~.~sibl~ temp~rarure, rel~tive hwnidity and speed of air mneian egM
tabl~.~hed by 5NiT TI-33-75 as ~ funeCion of the characteristice of roomg
(eheir func~ion and the gmounCg of epeci.fic excesa heat), the caCegory o�
- work and the season of ehe year are presented in Tgble 1.1. mhe explicit
heae surplu~ee in Tab1e 1.1. are underetood to be the difference between the
amount af h~~t en~ering a room following the implementation oP a11 non~Cruc-
tion and technological step~ to reduce it~ and the amount of heat loat
tihrough the strnctural b~rriers of the room, referenced to 1 m3 of internal
room volume. The explicit heat liberated within the confines of a room and
- heating the air, and thereafCer remuved from iC with Che air of loca.l vente
or the overall exchange exhaust, is coneidered in the room characCeristic
~ as en~ering the room. Only that explicit heat which was produced ~rl:thin the
confines of a room but was then removed from it ari~hout tranafering ~he heat
Co the room air (for example, with gases through smokestacks or with Che air
of local vents from equipment) is not to be taken into account. Likewise,
in determining the room characteristica for the explicit heat aurpluses~ the
latent heat inCroduced into the room air with liberated moistur~ ia not to
be taken into accounC.
In Chose cases where the limits of Che speed of air moCion are given in
Table 1.1., the greater speed is to be combined with the higher temperature
of the inrernal air, while the lower speed is to be combi.ned with the lower
Cemperature.
The operating category is taken from Che "Sanitary Standards for the Planning
of Industrial Enterprises" based on the energy expenditure, which are es-
tablished in accordance wfth the departmental standardizing documents by
proceeding from the category of the work performed by 50z and caore of the
workers in a room. See GOST 12.1.005-76 for more precise specigications.
The temperatures and relative air humidities establiahed by regulations in
Table 1.1. in the cold per:od of Che year should be observed for all outside
11
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nir c~ndiC~.ottg within ~ r~n~~ from rh~ d~~ign ~ar~mQeer~ A or B for eh~
cold p~rind (d~p~nding on rhe �uncr~.on oF ~h~ a~r cond~.t~oni.ng ~nd vcnei~~-
Cinn gy~l:tmy) up eo a ti~mper~tur~ oE 10� C, and in ehe warm perind of the
y~ar, for a11 autgide ~ir cnnditione w3thin g rgn~a �rom e~ remper~rure o~ -
10� C up to the A d~sign para.me~er~ for rh~ warm period. The charHCter-
iee~.ra df eh~ ~t~~~ of rh~ out~ide a~.r for tha cae~ o� tihe A and I~ design
p~x~m~Cerg ar~ giv~n 3.n Ch~pCer TI~33-75 of th~ SN~.p.
Th~ perm~.~~~b1~ p~r~ne~~r~ f~r inter~.or n~r for th~ wgrm period of th~ ye~r,
which are giv~n in Tgbl~ 1.1., ehnuld b~ adoptied for aLL ioc~i~.~~.ee in which
eh~ d~sign C~mp~r~eur~ ~f tt~e dutside air (the A degign parameterg) dn~s
nor ~xeeed 25� C(for th~ c~se of light or medium dif�iculCy work) or ~3� C
(for Ch~ r~~e of s~v~r~ work). Tn thoge localiei~s where Che d~sign temp~r-
~eure of ehe ouCeid~ ~ir (Che A d~a~gn parameeere) exceeda the indicated
limit~, a higher air temperatiure (Table 1.2.) can be adope~d for permanenC _
w~rk positiong of induger~.a1 rooms. A corresponding increase of the Cemper-
gture inaide the roome of public and residential buildings is al~o permittied.
YC is permissible to plan lower air temperaCures ourside ehe permanene work
pogitiong during cold and transiCional seasona as compared Co those ger by ~
by ~tgndards: by gg mueh ae 12� C for the case of light work, up to 10� C
for work of intermedi~te di�ficulty and up to 8� C for heavy work in heared
produceion rooms, as well as in rooms with considerable heat excesses, where
ehere is from 50 to 100 m2 of useful area for each worker. In thie cage,
the climaCic condiCions, governed by the regulations shown in Table l.l.,
are to be main~ained at permanent work poaiCions.
The r~qu:.site air parameCers are to be mainCained only aC permanent work
positions in production rooma ~here the floor area per single worker exceeds
100 m2, and it is imposaible to maintain the values of the temperature,
_ relative humidity and speed of air motion indicaCed in Tables 1.1. and 1.2.
over the enrire area of the work region because of technical reasons or iC
ig not expedient to do so because of economic considerations.
In production rooms in which artificial air temperature or temperature and
relative air humidity control is required based on technological conditions,
it is permissible in the cold and transition seasons to adopt the climatic
parameters indicated in Table 1.1. for the warm period of the year. However,
in this case the air temperature ahould not differ by more than +2�C from
the optimal temperature (see below) and should not exceed 25� C.
One can assuaae a relative air humidity in the work area uf rooms which is
lOX higher than that indicated in Tabie 1.1. in regions with an elevated
euCSide air relative humidity (75X and more at a temperaCure corresponding '
to design parameters A) in the case of natural venrillation of buildinge
and facilities, for the calculation of the sir changes during the warm
season of the year (design parameters A).
12 ~
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- I~dR OFT~'ICIAL U5~ ~NLY
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(K~y C~ '~~b1~ 1.1.~~
A~.r eemp~r~Cur~, �C;
2. It~l~Civ~ humidiey, ~.n percene, no more ~han;
3. A~.r veloc~.Cy, m/~ec, no more ~han;
4. A~.r e~mper~~ur~ ours~.de perm~n~ne w~rk poaiC~.on~, �C;
5. Etel~Civ~ air hum3diCy in percenC, no more ehan, at gn ai~ tiempera~ure
~~mp~r~eur~ oE, �C;
6~ A~.r v~lociCy, m/~ec;
7. AC pet-m~nent work poaitiong or in a aerviced area;
8. ~or ehe cold ~nd ~rnnsition seasons o'f the year (outside air
temperature below 10� C);
9. Fnr the warm sea~on of rhe year (ouCeide temperarure o~ 10�C and
~bove); _
- 10. No more than 3� C~bove ~he deaign CemperaCure o� Che ouCside air
(design pnram~Cers A), buC not above 28� C;
11. The g~me, but noC ~bove Z6� C;
12. No more Chan 3� C above ehe design temperature o� ehe ouCaide air
(design parame~ers A);
13. Production [rooma] wiCh minor exce~aes of explicit heat [20 Kcal/
/(h � m3) and l~asl;
14. ProducCion [rooms~ with considerable explicit heat surpluses [more
than 20 Kcal/(h � m3)];
15e No more than 5� C above the.outside air design CemperaCure (design _
parameters A), buC no more Chan 28� C;
16. No more than 5� C above Che outaide air deaign temperature (deaign
paremeters A);
17. The rooms of public and residential buildinga, auxiliary rooms
of producCion buildings and the rooms of guxiliary buildings of
enterprises. -
In rooms which are characterized by considerable emissions of moisture, an
increase in the relaCive air humidity as compared Co that indicated in
Tables 1.1. and 1.2. is permitCed aC permanent work positions for the warm
season of the year. Those moiature emissions are considered to be signif-
icant for which the heat-humidity ratio s, i.e., the ratio of the total
amount of explicit and latent heat to the amount of liberaCed moiaCure is
less than 2,000 Kca1/kg. In the case of a heaC-humidity ratio of lesa than
2,000 Kcal/kg, but more Chan 1,000 Kcal/kg, it is permissible to increase
the relative air humidity by a maximum of lOX, and with a ratio s less than
1,000 Kcal/kg, by a maximum of 20X, but in boCh cases, the relative humidity
should be no higher than 75X. In th3s case, the air temperature in a room
should not exceed 28� C in the case of light or moderate work and 26� C
with hard work.
In localities with an outside air design temperature below 20� C(design -
parameters A in the warm season of the year), it is permissfble when cal-
culating air changes for production rooms with minor surpluses of explicit
heat to assume an air temperature at permanent work positions 5� C above
. the outside air temperature, but no higher then the values of the lower
limit of the optimum Cemperature for the inside air, given in Table 1.3.
In Chis case, the relative humidity of the air should not exceed 75~.
14
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TABL~ ~,2.
The Permiseible SC~ndard~.zed C1~.m~r~.n Condit~.ons ~or ehe Warm per~.nd of
Che Year in the Work Area aC PermanenC Work PosiCions in rhe Produceion
Room~ of ~uildinge ~nd F~c~liCies Pl~nned for Loc~lities wiCh ~ Design
OuCs~.de Air Temper~rure (lle~ign P~rametiera A) Above 25� C(for Ligh~
~nd Moderate Work) or Above 23� C(�or Heavy,Work)
_ a?~~~�~~~~~;~~,~~~~~~ ~,r~~>~