JPRS ID: 8750 USSR REPORT RESOURCES

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APPROVE~ FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-R~P82-00850R000200020006-9 ~ S NOVEM6ER i9T9 CFOUO 2Sl79) i OF i APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFIC("L USE UNLY JPRS L/8750 5 November 1979 _ IJSSR Re ort _ p RESOURCES ~ (FOUO 25/79) Fg~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE FOR OF~'iCiA~ USE OI~LY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 NOTE = JPRS publications contain information primarily from ~oreign . newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and other characteristics retained. Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets are supplied by JPRS. Processing indic~tors such as [Text] . or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor- mation was summarized or extracted. Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the originaY but have been supplied as appropriate in conte:~t. Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source. The conCents of this publication in no way represent the poli- cies, views or at.titudes of the U.S. Government. For further information on report content call (703) 351-2938 (economic); 3468 = - (political, sociological, military); 2726 ~ (life sciences); 2725 (physical sciences). COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNINC OWNERSHIP OF MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY. _ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - JPRS L/8750 5 November 1979 USSR REPORT RESOURCES (FOUO 25/79) CONTENTS PAGE FUEIS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT Achievements and Prospects oi the Ukrainian Petroleum Refining Industry (N. L. Notsek; KHIMIYA I TEHI-INOZOGIYA TOPLIV I MASEI,, Sep ';9) � 1 Petroleum Refining Electro-Desalination Units (A. A. Kalinin, et al.; KHIMIyA I TEHI3NOLOGIYA TOPLIV I MASEZ, Sep 79) 6 Evaluating Electric Desalination Installations (A. P. Matiychenko; k~iIMIYA I TEKHNOLOGIYA TOPLIV I MASEL, Sep 79) 11 F~uldamentals of Zong-Term Foracasting of the Number of Proven Oil, Gas Reserves _ (N. I. Buyalov, et al.; SOVETSKAYA GEOLOGIYA, Aug 79) 16 Coal Mines in Ukraine Are More Mechanized, But Still Underu~orked - (V. A. Voronin; UGOL' UKRAINY, Aug ?9) 31 _ - a - [III - U5SR - 37 FOUO~ - FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FVII,sS AND RELATID DQUIPMIIdT ACHIEVEM~VTS AND PR06PEGTS OF THE UKRAINIAN PETROLEUM REFJNING INDUSTRY Moscow KHIMIYA I TIICHNOLOGIYA TQPLIV I MASII, in Russian No 9, Sep 79 PP 3-5 ~Ar~icle by N. L. Nots~k, first deputy chief of the Ukrainian SSR Gla.vneftekhimprom~ [Text~ The petrole~:m refining industry of the Ukrainian SSR holds one of _ the leading places among the industries of the republic. Its products motor and boiler fuels, bitumens, lubricating oils and greases, paxaffins and other petroleum products greatly affect the tecnical progress and development of the production forces of the republic. Tt,e development of - the petroleum refining industry in the Ukraine was always given great at- tention, but it acquired. special importance in the last decade as a result of' the intensive development of the machine bt!ilding, transport, power engineerino, agriculture and other industrial seetors. = During that time~ the Kremenchug and Lisichansk NPZ [Petroleum refining plant] were put in operation and the capacities of the Q~iessa, Kherson NPZ and others were expa.nded. The avergae capacity of a petroleum refining plant in the republic increased by 2.2 times compaxed to 1970. A special _ feature of the industry's development in the lOth Five-Year Plan period was the accelerated increase in capacities for primaxy petroleum refining and for secondary processes by building and putting in operation combined and consolidated installations, as well as modernizing the existing ones. In 4:980, the volume of petroleum refining will increase by 1.9 times com- pared to 1975~ ~ the last three years the volume of petroleum refining increased 1.5 times; the output of gasoline increased by 30~; diesel fuel by 1.5 times and ~ils by 1.4 times. The high rates of increasing produc- tion were achieved due to the higher productivity of labor. In 1976-1978, this indicator increased. by 27.5~ for a plan target of 26.3~; for the five- year plan period it is planned to increase the productivity of labor by 55�9~. The putting in operation of new new plants, modernizing and expanding exis~- ing facilities ma.de it po;sible to raise the technical standard of petro- leum refining considerably. In the current five-year plan period, the 1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY basic industr-al production capital in the petroleum refining industry in- creased by 8.4~, The ratio o~ its active part was 61.3~ by the end of 1978. The capital-l~bor ratio increased by 20.5~ in the last 3 yeaxs and the power- _ labor ratio by 1.5 times. With the increase in the volur~e of petroleum refining~ the production of basic types of petroleum products also increased considerably. Republic enterprises produce over 130 kinds of oils, greases, and lubrication-� cooling liquids which make up over 50% of the all-union assortment of such produc~ts. Some 24~ kinds oi oils and greases axe exported to 27 foreign countries. Ne~r lubricants developed in the last 10 yeaxs replaced about 100 imported products which ma.de it possible to supply domestic petroleum prod- ucts -to the Volzhskiy, Ka,mskiy and Za,porozhskiy motor vehic?e plants, metal- lurgical plants and ma.ny other enterprises in the country. In spite of the rapid increase in the output of petroleum products in the - repizbl~c~ the demand for them by their own production forces is not being satisfied fullys for motor vehicle gasoline by 70~; diesel fuels by 78~; and fuel oils by 65~. To reduce the gap between the Froduction and cor..aumption of petroleum products, it is nlanned to build, in the very near - future, new cor?bined and consolidateci installations and to modernize existing - petroleum refining en~erprises. The most important achievement in tihis area is putting in operation the ICremer~chug NPZ a cor~bined installa.tion with units for primar;~ petroleum - refining, reforming of the gasolir.e fraction, hydxaulic purification of ~ diesel fuel an.d gas-fractionation. Compared to individual ir.stallations of similar capacities, its operation reduces capital investments by 4j~, _ expenditures for rEfining petroleum by 25~ and increases the productivity ~ of labor by 1.5 times. The y',OU [Electric desalination unit~ -AVT-6 at the Lisichansk NPZ was paxtially modernized in accordance with the reequipment plan which made it possible to increase ihe capacity of this plant. At the Kherson NPZ, the AVT-2 installation was mod.erni~ed; as a result quality was i;nnroved and the yield of light petroleum products was increased. A-t the Berdyansk C%1MZ [expansion t:,nImown~, a shop was put in operation for producing lithium 12-oxystearate used for making high efficiency lithium lubricants for the motor vehicle industry (Litol-29, Fiol-1, Fiol-2, Fiol-3). - At the L'vov NPZ, modernization of an installa,tion was completed for making the AKVOL-3 self-emulsifying oil for mechanized mine supports in coal mines. The intensifica'cion of technological processes is receiving great attention. , Thus, in the Kremenchug NPZ, the catalytic cracking installation was changed over to a zeolite-containing catalyst which made it possible to increase the ~ eificiency of -this unit by incrPasing the yield of high octane gasoline. Production of raw ma,terials was organized for industrial caxbon at catalytic cracking units. ' The increase in the product3.on of petroleum prod.ucts is accompanied. by an in- crease in its quality which brings it up to the level of the best domestic and foreign products. Thus, the production volume of high octane gasolines _ 2 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY � in 197~ was 73.9~ against 66.8~ in i975, low sulfur diesel fuel 69.5qb against 62qb correspondingly of the total production volume. At present, 73 kinds of petroleum products have the government emblem of quality. The ratio of petroleum products of the highest category of quality increased greatly compd.red to 1975� , The intensive development of the industry required giving special attention to rendering production wastes harmless and protecting natural resources. Considerable financial means axe being allotted to protect the environment. Harmful exhausts were classified and typical measures were developed for their elimination. A special feature in petroleum refining exhausts is the preva- lence of hydrocaxbons their share is 60;$ in a.tmospheric exhausts. The sources of exhausts into the atmosphere are petro'leum reservoirs, pouring platforms, pumping-compressor and refrigerating equipment, fixtures, safety valves etc. - The following measures are being taken to reduce air pollution by hydrocax- bons: sealing reservoirs (replacing stationary covers by floating ones, in- stalling pontoons made of synthetic films~; building improved samplers, ~ reducing transport operations; blowing-through when prepaxing equipment for repairs; increasing the ef Sciency of cooling petroleum products; introducing direct feed of raw ma,terials to installations without intermediate reservoirs; utilizing flaxe gases and gases of bitumen oxidation; raising the efficiency fo ~rapping petroleum pruducts in water p�urification installations;and equip- ping centrifugal pumps with face s~als. _ Measures are being taken to reduce exhausts into the air of carbon monoxide, sulfur-containing compounds and particulates. These measures include in- suring complete combustion of fuel in industrial furnaces; afterburning of exhaust gases; use of efficient systems to collect dust in low-sulfur fuels; elimination of dumps. Thus, in 1977, an installation was put in operation at the Kremenchug NPZ for purifying tiydrocaxbon gases of hyd-rogen sulfide and obtaining sulfur from it. The efficient utilization of wa~er resources and rendering effluences haxm- les:~ is receiving great attention. An efficient method for reducing water consumption is using apparatus for air cooling (AVO); their number at petro- 'leum refining plants in the republic exceecls 250. Some 200 million m3 of water was saved by using them with 11,000 to 12,000 rubles per year of opera- tional costs being saved per one appaxatus. The use of AVO reduces not only water consumption, but also the quantity of sewage watex, and is a sma.ller load on purifying installations and sewage pipelines. The use of electric power is reduced considerably as well as the costs for capital and current repairs of the condensation-refrigeration equi~ment, with the elimination of labor-intensive cleaning of apparatus and pipelines of water-cooling equip- ment. Another method for reducing water consumption is to develop the circulating water supply. At present it is used at almost all enterprises and provides 3 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 90~' of the water required in production. The productivity of circulating _ systems increased by i.5 times dL~;r~ the Ninth Five-Year Plan period. During that time, comprehensive p~.:rifying insta]..lations were built and put into service at the Kherson~ Nadvornyansk and Lisichansk NPZ using the latest achievements in this field. For example, the drainage of tha Kher- _ son NPZ, after mechanical purification, was sent along with city sewage to biochemical purification facilities after which no petroleum products were found in them. In the 10th Five-Yeax Plan period, the construction and ex- pansion of purifying facilities are being done at a faster rate. In 1977 _ alone, purifying facilities were put in operation at the L'vov NPZ, and those at the Qiessa and Kremenchug NPZ were expanded. At the Lisichansk NPZ - an installation was put in operation for making harmless salt-containi.ng - drainages, returning the salt to the plant. At this same plant, for the , firat time in the republic, an installation was put in operation for burning pet.roleum sludge. The plan for the further gxowth and development of the petroleum refining industry provide for the expansion of existing enterprises a.nd its basis is qualitatively new. The Kremenchug, Nadvornyansk, Lisichansk and other petroleum refining plants will be expanded considerably. It is planned. to increase the volume of primary petroleum refining and develop secondary " processes considerably. The introd.uction of catalytic reforming of unit capacity of 1 million tons per yeax will be expanded. It is p]anned to introduce the isomerization process, as well as to change the catalytic refor;ning over to more efficient catalysts due to the neces- sit;~ of ineeting greater demands for higher octane gasolines Ai-93 and Ai-98. In connection with a greater volume of refining sulfurous and high sulfur content petroleum, the lead will be taken by installations for hydraulic pur~.fication of fuels, either separate, or within combined installations. In connection with the considerabla increase in the fleet of internal com- bust.ion engines, the output of hign quality motor oils is increasing; demand is also i.ncreasing for sulfate additives, especially in medium and high- alk~cli (types S-i50~ 5-300~ which must replace fully low concentration ad- - ditives of the PMS type. It is planned to build a high capacity installation far rnanufacturing sulfonate additives. It is necessaxy to organize the production of imide additives to motor oils ~that meet the requirements of the operation of carburetor engines with an intermittent operating rate at low temperatures, as well as diesel engines that must use motor oils with high detergent properties. t~ e of the planned new in principle processes is the production of bitumen by a continuous method of distillation towers. The basic directions of scientific-technical progress in the axea of lubricant production axe: the use of semicontinuous processes; the introduction oi im~:roved brewing appa- ratus~ mixing devices and homogenizers; the development and manufacture of multipurpose lubricants with lithium oxystearate, complex calcium, anhydrous calcium, complex aluminum, barium~ silica gel, bentonite and other lubricants. 4 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 ~ FOR OFFIC~AL USE ONLY A qualitatively new basis for the development of petroleum chemistry is an accelerated increase in the capa,cities for producing ethylene and the propylene associated with it, butylene-divynil, aromatic and other hydro- - caxbons. Among petroleum refining products, liquid pa.raffins wh3.ch are raw ma.terials for the microbiological synthesis industry occupy and importan+ _ place. Systems of adsorption separation of liquid paraffins will be intro- duced, as well as the production of liquid pa.raffins by the "Pareks" metnod. The fulfillment of the complex problems faced by the petroleum refining industry of the Ukraine in the the lOth and ilth Five-Yeax Plan periods will ma.ke it possible to increase the efficiency of plant operation and will facilitate the development of all industries of the national economy of the republic. COPYRIGHTs IZDATII,'STVO "KHIMIYA", "KHIMIYA I TF~CHN(~I,OGIYA TOPLIV I MASEL", 3979 2291 CS~: 1822 5 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FfJII,S AND REGATID DQU~I~NT unc 665.63.oo4.i7 PETROLEUM R~FINING ELECTRO-DFSALINATIQN UNITS Moscow KHIMIYA I TEKHNOLOGIYA TOPLIV I MASII, in Russian No 9, Sep 79 PP 29-31 [Article by A. A. Ka,linin, S. A. Feygin~ A. A. Prokhorova: "Technical- Economic Indicators Installations of High Unit Capacity for Primaxy Petro- leum Refining"~ ~TExt~ For a long time the petroleum refining industry of the USSR pro- ceeded along the path of creating large plants for refining petroleum using esgecially the proces~ of direct distillation. In the last decade only installations of 3 and 6 million tons per yeax r~,ted capacity were built, including those built in combination with II,OU ~Electric desalination unit~ _ units and secondary distillation of gasoline, as well as in combination with GK-3 and LK-6u installations. In 1976, the ratio of 3 and 6 million, tons per year rated capacity installations was over 25,~ of the total number of installations for prima,ry refinin~ of petroleum, including about 15~ of the installations with a capacity of 6 million tons per yeax. . To improve further the 3 and 6 million ton per year installations and to improve their work, the VNII NP [Al1-Union Scientific Research Institute of the Petroleum Industry] generalizes and analyzes the data on the work of such installations. The basic purpose of the analysis is t o uncover re- serves for raising the efficiency of the indicated installat ions and to develop measures for implementing these reserves. Moreover, it is necessary to compare the technological and technical-economic indicat ors with the rated iz~dicators and disseminate the experience in operating the best in- stallations. The Table shows the actual data on AT ~expansion unknown] ~ installations with rated capacities of 3 and 6 million tons per yeax which increased. in capacity to the same degree in i975� ~ The analysis of capacity utilization showed, that in 1975 abcut 90~ o the assimilated inst~,llations exceeded.-the rated capacity by over 10~. A con- siderable increase in capacity was achieved by modernization. During the period of operation of the 3 and 6 million ton per year installa- tions, a stable trend was noted in the growth of their annual capa.cities (in f of the rated, without taking Ynto account installations put in opera- tion in the given year): in 1972 1i0.6; in 1973 ii4.2; in 1974~ 118.1; - 6 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR OFFI(:IAL USE ONLY ~ in 1975 125�5� The increase in annual productivity (an average of 90~~ was mainly due to the increase in average daily productivity, i.e., by in tensive use of equipment, as well as an increase in the annual operating _ time of ~he installations. At the installations analyzed, the basic atten- - tion was given to increasing the average daily productivity. The annual operating time was increased. insu~ficiently (repair time was not reduced enough and the u.nplanned idle times were not eliminated), - Positive experience on increasing the average annual operating time of in- stallations was accumula.ted in several NPZ where equipment (small mechanized tools) were used efiiciently. This ma.de it possible to reduce the time for repairs, cleaning, assembly and disassambly. Thus, at one of these plants, = the average annual operating time for the ELOU-AT-6 installation during 1972-1975 was 95.4~ compaxed to 93q~ on the average for installa.tions of - sucn a capacity. Along with a considerable increase in the capacities of the install.ations - being analyzed, the capacities of the individual units of these installations as a whole are not being utilized fully. Thus, units for secondary distill- - ing of gasoline are loaded only to 70 to 80~ of the rated capacity and in individual cases are not utilized at all. Th~ loading of vacuum 3istillation ' units for fuel oil for 1972-1975 in ~ of the rated was: for the 6 million ton per yeax installations 0.9; 6; 33.7 and 4~2.8 respectively; and for the 3 million ton per year installations 97�2~ 121.~~; 126.1 and 106. " (in the calculations of average values, the data for trie assimilation period was not taken into account), In individual NPZ that did not have catalytic cracking installations, vacuum units of AVT installations practically did not operate due to the lack in the requirements for vacuum gas oil as raw ma,terial for catalyLic cracking. , A partial loading of the units or not operatir.g them at all leads to a re- _ duction in the effectiveness of capital investments. To a great extent, stable operation of direct petroleum disti].lation in- sta'llations depends on the quality of its preparation. In all the analyzed - installations, the preparation of petroleum at field facilities and II,OU units improved before the direct distilla,tion. This is indicated by data on i;he salt content in milligram per liter for 1972 to i975~ before the 907, 793~ ~28 and 248 respectively; after the ELQJ 14.1~ 11.6~ 9.1 and 6.7. The results obtained. at analyzed installations are almost twice as good as the average results at all ELOU installations. This is due to the use of more modern apparatus for desalination in combined II,OU-AT and ELCU-AVT installations. When the salt content is reduced, the calendax time utilization coefficient and the time between repairs increase. Thus, in i972 to 1975 inclusive _ these indicators changed as followsr calenda.r time utilization coefficient from 91.9 to 93~; time between repairs from 8.9 to 12.8 months (data for 1972 and 1975). On the ave-rage, calendax tim~ utilization coefficent , is 10% greater for the analyzed installations than the average for all primary - - refining installations in the USSR. 7 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Table Actual indicators for A'I'~ installations Indicators Rated capacity Improvement in indicators, million +,ons~year _ 3 6 . Praiuctivity, ~ of 127.2 127.6 - rat ed Cos1 of installation 8390 12,676 - 100 rubles Same for installation 219$ i655 2~�7 per i ~illion tons~ year ~ost for refining 1.13 1.03 9�8 1 ton of petroleum, - rubles , Total staff~ men 38 51 - Same for installation 10 67 - per i million tons~ year ' Volume of refining 100,7 150 ~9 per worker, 1000 tons " *Ba.sed on average data for all existing installations in 1975� . Camparing indicators for an AT-6 installation and two AT-3 installations. 8 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040240020006-1 FOR OFFICI~I, USE ONLY The analysis also snows that with a reduction in salt content in petroleum to 1-3 milligrams~liter, the calendar time utilization coefficient in- creases to 95-96~ which corresponds approximately to an interrepair time of 17 to 22 months, or almost 2 times greater than the actual value for the installations being analyzed. Thus in an NPZ where the best results were _ obtained by desalinating petroleum in an II,OiJ unit of an II,OU-AT-6 installa- tion (2.4 mil~igrams per liter accord.ing to the average annual data)~ it was possible to obtain a continuous run of 18 months between repairs. In i975, a reduction in the salt content in petroleum at 3 and 6 million ton per year. installations saved about 2.5 million rubles. - ~ s972-1975, the ratio of installations that operated without idle times due to organizational causes or accidents (without taking into account those being put in operation in a given ysar~ increased substantiallys 33~3~ 35�7~ 37�`i and 61.1~ respectively. But as rollows from the cited data (even for 1975), the ratio of installations with the above-mentioned idle times is ~ stil.l high (38.9,~) , The problem of energy economy is especially urgent for modern high capacity insiallations. The ratio of fuel in the structure of power consumptiun is 8C to 90~ in the analyzed installations, therefore, to save power it is first t necessary to reduce the consumption of fuel. Investigations of axrangements ~ of preheating the petroleum in heat exchangers showed that there axe consid- erable reserves for reducing unit fuel consumption by attaining the rated temperature (2i0�C) in the heat exchangers. In the analyzed installations tne above-mentioned temperature attained was, on the average, 195�C, while in 1972-1975~ no noticeable trend was observed to raise it (du~; to the in- sufficient heat exchange surface, imperfect heat exchange arrangements and the design of the heat exchangers). Accoxding to calculations in 1975, overconsumption of fuel due to underheat- ing in all installations amounted to aboat 180,000 tons which is 8~ of the actual consumption, or is approxima,tely equal to the annual fuel requirement of one II~W-AT-6 installation. This is equivalent to over 2.5 million ru- bles (evaluating fuel in accordance with the average union cost of petroleum). Projact developments in recent years used heat exchange arrangements tnat ma.de it possible to heat the petroleum to 250-260�C using domestic apparatus. Attaining such temperatures in the analyzed installations would have made it possible to reduce actual fuel consumption by 25~ on the average and save over 600,000 tons of fuel per year. 'r~ater ~team is in second place after fuel in the energy expenditure structure. Reserves are also available for reducing its consumption in the analyzed in- stallations. One of these reserves is heat-recovery boilers which are being operated unsatisfactorily at most of the installations. Thus, a11 installa- tions that use heat-recovery boilers can reduce the actual consumption of steam by an average of 70~ which is equivalent to reducing operational costs b,y 4 m;_llion rubles on the average. 9 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR ~FFICIAL USE ONLY Average unit c~nsumption indicators for installations rated at 3 and 6 miilion tons per yeax are lower than the indicators for all installations of p~imary petroleum refir_ing: unit fuel consumption by 15~; unit - steam consumption by more than 3 times; unit electric power consumption alm~st by 2 times. Significant reserves axe available for raising the efficiency of operation of the considered installations by fuller utilization of units for secondary distillat~on of gasoline and vacuum distillation of fuel oil, increasing ~che annual operating time of the installations; length- ening the time between repairs; reducing the use of power wi~th norma,l opera- tion of heat-recovery boilers; and attaining the rated temperature of pre- heating petroleum in heat exchanger,s by using the latest design developments. COPYRIGHT~ IZDATEL'STVO "KHIMIYA", "KHIMIYA I TIICHNOLOGIYA TOPLIV I MASEL", 1979 2291 CSO: i822 10 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY l APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 I FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY FUF~ AND RII,ATID EQUIPNLTNT UDC 665 . 6z2 , 4~z - EVALUATING ELECTRIC DESALINATION INSTALLATIONS Moscow KHIMIYA I TEKHN OLOGIYA TOPLIV I MASEL in Russian No 9~ seP 79 PP 3i-33 - [Article by A. P, Matiychenkos "Ch Substantiation of a Typical Technologi- _ cal Arrangement for the II,OU [Electric Desalination Installation~"] [Text~ The process of preparing petroleum at electric desalination in- stallations (II,OU) consists of many steps: the petroleum is directed in sequence~ first to electric dehydrators of the first and then second stages. Connecting electric dehydrators along the petroleum flows is considered the most chaxacteristic technological solution. Basic versions of II,QJ tech- nological arrangements used in project planning or moderniza,tion include - arrangements with series and parallel connection of the electric dehydra- tors. To select.the optimal version, the ELOIJ technological axrangement , must be analyzed by taking into account the providing of maximum effi- ciency of the petraleum prepaxation process at minima,l capital expenditures for technoTogical equipment, and monitoring and automation facilities. For this purpose we will analyze each typical arrangement. To evaluate more fully the efficiE:ncy of preparing petroleum for the II,OU for a certain interval of time, cc~mprehensive indicators that take into account the petroleum quality (cor.tent of salt and water) and the~produc- ' tivity of the installation ~i~ must be used. The amount of corrosive- - aggressive substances (mineral salts, water) contained in the petroleum prepaxed in the ELOU during the monitored interval of time is such an indication of quality. The efficiency ff the ELOU operation may be evalu- ated by a transfer function [2], determined in accordance with comprehen- sive indicator at the output ~UB~Z)' to the value of this indicator at the input (UBZ): ~ _ Ne~,~zvn~ca ~I~ 1~az VBZ - where W-- transfer function of the ELOU efficiency; Nax ~ N Bbix con- - tent of mineral salts and water in petroleum at the input and output of the II,OU respectively; VebrX , V~X amount of petroleum at the output and input of the II,OiJ respectively. 11 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICI/~L USE ONLY 3/-I 32-! ! j 3i-Q 3l-/l . . ~ ' ~ 1!/ I ~ I ~ 31~ 31-G ~ _ o II! ~ - - O-Z; oa-3; go-4; o--S - Fig. 1. Technological arrangement of an II,OU with seri.es connection of the electric dehydrators: = 1. consumption meter 5. phase interface level gage 2, mixer I. raw petroleum 3. gate II. desalinated petroleum 4. regulating valve III. flushing water For an EL(~T arrangement with a series connection of the electric dehydra- ~or~ (Fig. i), the value of the comprehensive quality indicator at the output of the i-th petroleum flow (Ue~iz,i) can be determined as followsi _ Vebtz, q = UHZ, ~~1-i~2-i ~2~ where Wi_i transfer funetion of the operation efficiency of the electric dehydrator of the first stage of the i-th petroleum flow; W trans- fer funetion of the operation efficiency of the electric hyd~a~or of the , second stage of the i-th petroleum flow. The value of the comprehensive petroleum ~ua.lity indicator at the II,C1U out- _ put (U~~,x). is determined by the sum of t e comprehensive indicator values at the output of.each flou. Taking the cited informa,tion into account, we have~ 12 - . FOR OFFICIAL USE OI~ILY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY n - Vas~z = 90 ~ Qtwi-i~~-i ~3) 1� 1 . whrjre qo total petroleum oon$umption at the k~,OU; qi petroleum con- cumption in the i-th flow. - Electric dehydrators of the same type axe used in the desalination section _ of powerful combined installations. For a uniform petroleu~ri distribution in each flow, the efficiency transfer funetions of the electric dehydrators of one stage axe equal. Therefore, the efficiency transfer funetion of an II,(~1 with a series connection of electric dehydrators is determined by a product of the efficiency transfer funetions of one electric dehydrator of the first and second stages: ~nc = ~i-iwa-! ~4) Fo~ an arrangement with a paral~el canne~tion of:~leatric dehydrators ~ (F~.g. 2~ the yalue o~ the.comprehensive quality~ indicator at the output _ of the first desalination stage (UI) is determined by the expression (JHZ - - UI 90 ~ 4~-imt-i (5) i= 1 where U value of comprehensive qua,lity indicator at the II,OU input; .s~ qo total petroleum consumption in the ELOU; m-- number of electric de- - hydrators in the first stage; qi_i petroleum consumption in the i-th electric dehydrator of the first stage; Wi_i efficiency transfer func- tion of the i-th electric dehydxator of the first stage. The value of the comprehensive quality indicator at the output of the electric dehydrators of the second stage of desalination are determined in a simi.lar way. Comprehensive quality indicator Ua~=,np at the ELOU output with parallel connection of electric dehydxators is determined. by the following expression: - m n - 9i-iWi-s ~ 9s-1~_-1 Vea~z. np = Uaz f~ i 40 ~ 90 ~6) _ where n-- number of electric dehydxators in the second stage; q petroleum consumption in the j-th electric dehydrator in the sec~nc~ stage of desalinatinn; W2_~ efficiency transfer function of the electric dehydxator in the second stage. ~ ~ 13 FQR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY II! . 3F7 ~r r 3l 1/ Z A ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 .71~i ~ r ,f ' ` ~ . Fig. 2. Technological arrangementoof the II,(~J with paxallel connection - of the electric dehydrators (for designations, see Fig, i.). For an equal petroleum consumption in electric dehydrators of one stage, their efficiency transfer functions will be equal. Taking into account equation (5) and (6) the efficiency transfer function of the ELOZJ with parallel connection of the electric dehydrators is determined by expression ~aD - W i-l~=_~ ICI~ It follows from (4) and (7) that for an eg,ual number of electric dehydra- tors in one stage, and an equa,l number of desalination stages, the II,OU efficiency is determined. by the product of efficiency transfer functions of one electric dehydrator in the first and second stages independently of the type of technological arrangement. Inasmuch as the type of technologi- cal arrangement of the electric dehydrators has no effect on the effic~.ency of prepaxing petroleum for the II,(7fJ, we will calculate the required auxi- _ liary equipment (cut-off valves, regula,ting valves, mixers) and KIPiA [Con- trol and measurement instruments and automation equipment] equipment for typical technological arrangements with eight electric dehydr.~.tors. The number of shut-off valves is determined by taking into accour~~ the bypass- ing regulating valves (see Table). According to the data ir~ the Table, a 1~. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 ~'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY � parallel ELOLT arrangement requires (for all othar conditions being equal) less KIPiA and auxiliary equipment, i.e., the parallel arrangement is preferable. ~ Table ~ Ca,lculation of quantity of auxiliary equipment D~uipment Number of equipment units in paxallel in series a,rrangement axrangement Shut-off valves 46 72 Meters for petroleum 10 12 and water consumption Gage for phase interface level 8 8 _ Regulating valves 10 16 - Regulating devices 10 16 "Wa~ter-petroleum mixers" 2 8 Thua, for all other conditions being equal (number of desalination stages, number of electric dehydrators in each stage) the efficiency of the petro- leum process in the ELOiJ does not depend on the technological arrangement of electric dehydxators, i.e., the type of technological arrangement of the EL(X1. The parall~l technologiEal arrangement of~electric dehydrators is more efficien~ with respect to the required qua,ntity of KIPiA eq,uipment, "water-petroleum" mixers and shut-off valves which, as a whole, raises the economic indicators and the reliability of II,OU ~unctioning. The intro- duction of the design and modernization of a single typical technological arrangement for the E[,IXJ will ma.ke possible a considerable e~onomic effect by reducing the time for design, construction and assimilation o~ rated _ capacities and will reduce operational costs. BIBLIOGRAPHY i. Ma.tiychenko~ A. P. KHIMIYA I TII{HNCff,OGIYA TOPLIV I MASII,, No 4, 1975 PP 35-37. 2. Besekerskiy, V.A.; Popov, ~e. P. "Theory of Automa.tic Control System." Moscow, Nauka, i972 PP 52-55� COPYRIGHT: IZDATII,'STVO "KHIMIYA", "KHIMI~A I TEKHNQLOGIYA TOFLIV I MASEL"~ i979 2291 CSO: 1822 15 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 ~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FUE~LS AND RELATED EQUIPMENT UDC 553.98.2.042+622.323/324(47+57) FUNDAMENTALS OF LONG-TERM FOFLECASTING OF THE NUMBER OF PROVEN OIL~ GAS RESERVES Moscow SOVETSKAYA GEOLOGIYA in Russian No 8, Aug 79 pp 3-13 [Article by N. I. Buyalov (VNIGNI [All-Union Petroleum Scientific Research Institute of Geological Exploration]), V. N. Korniyenko (Minnefteprom [Ministry of the Petroleum Industry]) and I. P. Lavrushko (VNIGNI)] [Text] Development of the economy of the r,ountry is largely determined by - the state of the fuel and raw material base. The tasks posed by the 25th CPSU Congress dictate a real need to carry out long-term planning of the main indicators of activity of the oil and gas industry for periods which exceed the five-year period. ' Successful embodiment ot the plans for development of the oil and gas industry will largely be determined by correct and reliable forecasting of the state of oil and gas resources and the ratio of reserves of different groups and cate- goires. Dependable and reliable forecasting of tne variation of reserves and the ratios between them will permit efficient planning of the disposition of _ future volumes of exploratory and test drilling and financial expenditures. and will consequently provide high efficiency of operations during subsequent ,years and will determine the necessary levels of oil and gas production and the increase of reserves. ~ The activity of geological prospecting and oil- and gas-producing organiza- tions is characterized by such indices as oil and gas resources, reserves, the volumes of exploratory and test drilling, capital investments, operating efficiency and so on. This series may be regarded as a system of closely re- lated indices developed in time which have specific internal and external connections. A means of studying these complex systems is systems analysis. One of its main tasks includes modelling of the system and determination of its status of the future,~i.e., in forecasting CS]. It makes it possible to find the most realistic methods of sol~ing the tasks and problems related to complex systems by thus ensuring the best satisfaction of the posed requirements [7]. ' The methods of calculating the initial producible potential resources (NIPR) must be improved for more confident justification of future volumes of ' _ 16 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY exploratory and test operations and their efficiency. In this regard the authors developed a sequence af long-term forecasting of time variation of oil and gas resources and reserves and also other important indicators of geological prospecting operations based on the concept of practical limita- tion of oil and gas resources in the interior. The authors proceeded from the fact that study and use of the oil and gas resources existing in the interior are incomparably low in their activity compared to the process of transformation of organic matter and formation of fields. Therefore, the influx of any sig- nificant newly formed volumes of oil and gas to known and yet undiscovered fields cannot be counted on. Consequently, all NIPR in the foreseeable future will be determined and then extracted, i.e., the interior will be completely depleted. We understand NIPR as the amount of oil or gas which is located in the interior can can be extracted. This corresponds to a specific degree to the generally accepted terzn NIPR, which is understood as the total number of commercial oil and gas reserves contained in known fields prior to the beginning of exploita- tion and also future reserves and quantitative analysis of forecasting the oil and gas content, i.e., the sum of already extracted reserves (accumulated pro- duction ~ qt), proven extractable reserves (categories A+ B+ C1), future extractable reserves (category C2) and quantitative analysis (the extractable - part) of forecasting the oil and gas content (group D). Since NIPR are the objectively existing extractable volumes of hydrocarbons in the earth's interior, then based on the prerequisite of limitation of initial oil and gas reserves in the interior, the sum of their constituent terms - should not vary in time, corresponding to the equation ~CHNf1P-QD~-D,~QC~~QA-FBtCiT~iQt =COTISt. Only the ratio and levels of the reserves of different groups, categories and production will vary (Figure 1). It is obvious from Figure 1 that the entire volume of NIPR is completely rep- presented by reserves of group D at the very beginning of operations and is represented at the very end of operations only by the volume of oil or gas production accumulated during tne entire period of development of the region. During the intermediate periods, NIPR may be expressed in the form of the sum of the volumes of reserves of different groups and categories and of accumu- . lated output. The dynamics of variation of the levels of NIPR terms for dif- ferent periods of development of a region--from the beginning of operations to completion--are shown in Figure 2. - Variation of NIPR terms is interchangeable. Each of these terms can be ex- pressed in the form of dynamic variables, represented graphically by curves and asymptotically approaching a specific limit which they cannot exceed. Each of the curves, on the one hand, has its own individual configuration and on the other hand, the nature of its variation is determined by variation of the variables which shape the other curves. As a region is studied, the 17 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Qi+NnP D2 D~ ~~i CZ A *8 *C' ' - 0 t~ r o a ai c 1) tK _ ~Z +.3 ~~r ~5 Figure 1. Dynamics of Variation of Internal Structure of NIPR: 1--predicted estimate of subgroup D2; 2--predicted estimate of subgroup D1; 3--future reserves of category C2; 4--commercial reserves of categories A+ B+ C1; 5--production from the beginning of exploitation Key: ~ lo Years predicted reserves will decrease and approach zero, whereas the initial ex- _ tractable commercial reserves and the accumulated output will increase from zero and will approach its own upper limit--the NIPR, and the curve of accum- ulated output, generally repeating the configuration of the curve of initial reserves, will lag somewhat behind it in time. . _ _ - 'QNHnv D+CZ - E~t Qq+B ~C~ ~ - QA~B'~f 9r 0 fH ~oaai(1) ~K Figure 2. Dynamics of Variation of Absolute Levels of Proposed Extractable Reserves D+ C2, Proven Reserves A+ B+ Clr Current Commercial Reserves Q~p, + g+ C1~ _ Accumulated Output F qt and Annual Level of Oil and Gas Production qt Key: 1. Years ~ 18 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY The practice of geological prospecting and exploitation operations for oil and gas in a number of regions with a long history of development indicates the identity of the nature of time variation of almost all indices. Factual data indicate that the values of such indices as current reserves and current production increase during the initial stages, reach their own maximum at some point, after which they gradually decrease and again approach zero (Figure 2). This increase of dQ/dt can be represented by two differential growth equations dy ' y dt = )'a~l- k) (2) or Y dt = ya ln (-y ) , (2' ) where dy/dt is the rate of growth of the index in time, k is the upper bound to which index y(0 ~ y~C k) may increase and a is the growth proportionality _ constant. After integration, equations (2) and (2') assume the form , k (3) ; ) i h exp ( - at ) i~=k exp [ 4 b exp (-at)], (3' ) where b is the integration constant. Equation (3) is a logistical curve while equation (3') is a Gompertz-Meykem curve. Each of these equations reflects an increase in the values of the initial extractabZe commercial reserves and production from the beginning of exploitation (curves F ~ QA~g~1 and ~qt in Figure 2). The nature of varia- tion of the logistical curve and of the Gomper.tz-Meykem curve is generally similar. T'he difference is that the second curve increases more rapidly dur- ing the first stage than the first curve and then approaches the maximum value less intensively. If the first derivatives of the equations of initial ex- tractable commercial reserves and accumulated production are taken, we find equations which describe the dynamics of variation of current extractable commercial reserves of categories A+ B+ C1 and the current level of output (curves Qp,+g~l and qt in Figure 2) . The graphs in Figure 2 are similar to those which were presented by M. Hubbert [11,12]. However, the authors of this article, relyinq on the main principles suggested in the mentioned papers, used them with respect to the existing sys- tem of classification of reserves in the USSR. 19 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Sinc:e the variations of the indi:,es graphically represented in the form of the curves in Figure 2 are interrelated and regular, then, by knowing the nature of the~e variations during a specific period which is described by the corresponding formula, one can predict their further behavior. Since curves ,~QQp,+B+Cl and qt asymptotically approach the same limit k, , i.e., the NIPR, making use of factual data on the initial extractable commer- - cial reserves and output accumulated since the beginning of exploitation to - solve equations (3) and (3'), one can deternune the value of the NIPR. To determine the state of extractable current reserves and annual production during the past few years, let us proceed in a similar fashion by solving the equations which describe the nature of variation of curves QA+g~l and qt. We analyzed the variation of current extractable reserves, annual production, initial extractable commercial reserves and production from the beginning of exploitation for a number of oil- and gas-bearing regions of the country, cha.racterized by a long period of exploratory-test and exploitation operations. A forecast of the state of the parameters enumerated above for the future was _ made on the basis of this analysis. The sequence of conducting the operations for accomplishing the forecast is described below. The first and most important problem is to determine the value of the NIPR. The predicted estimates of group D, reserves of category C2, reserves o� cate- gories A+ B+ C1 and production since the beginning of exploitation are usu- ally summarized when determining the NIPR. The values of the NIPR are recal- culated periodically. The values of the NIPR seemingly become more and more accurate, approaching the initial value, with each recalculation as our - knowledge about the geological structure of the studied region, the essence of the processes of genesis, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons and methods of quantitative analysis of forecasting oil and gas content is improved and also as the future and commercial reserves are calculated. If one assumes that the accuracy of the value of the NIPR increases, then the reliability of such components of NIPR as the values of quantitative analysis of the forecast (group D) and reserves of category C2 should also increase. In other words, we should acquire greater and greater confidence in time in the fact that the calculated volumes of ~xtractable reserves of categories D and C2 will actually be discovered and will then be extracted from the interior. However, practice shows that reserves of group D and category C2 remain unrealized over a very long time period in some regions characterized by a high degree of study. This naturally raises doubts of the accuracy of estimating the predicted and future reserves and does not permit one to jud~~e the quantities of co~nercial reserves which will still be determined. Doubts about the estimate of re- serves of group D and categories C2 provide no bases to determine the,value of the NIPR by simple addition of production and reserves of different _ categories. In this regard, thE NIPR should be calculated on the basis of the tendency estalalished during the entire prolonged period of exploration of a region in variation only of commercial reserves and output by extrapolation of the curves of the initia3. extractable reserves ~QQp,+g~l and production since . 20 ~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 . FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY the beginning of exploitation ~~t up to their asymptotic limit k, i.e., the NIPR, in regions with a long history of development where a specific trend in variation of the increase of reserves and production has already been noted and where a sharp increase can be expected only under extreme circumstances _ (far example, in case of unexpected discovery of large fields, which is hardly probable). Having thus determined the value of the NIPR and knowing the initial extractable reserves of category A+ B+ C1 for the present, one ~ can calculate the volumes of the yet undetermined commercial extractable re- serves. The number of commercial extractable reserves determined by this method and still remaining in the interior can be compared to the total of existing reserves of grcup D and category C2 calculated by traditional methods. 2'he value of tlie ratio of yet undetermined commercial reserves, calculated from the curv~:s,to the sum of the reserves of group D and category C2 will reflect the reli~~bility of this sum, i.e., it will snow which part of it, which we have callec~ the extractable reserves D and C2, will actually be converted to reserves of commercial categories and will be produced. All the parameters contained in the formula of the logistic curve and the Gompertz-Meykem were calculated on a computer and their values for subsequent years were also established to determine the value of the NIPR (limit k). The value of k was calculated independently by five methods (9, 10, 13, 14, 15~. Not only the numerical values of k, but also their reliability and also the error of the es-~imate were determined. The values of k found by different methods differed from each other by a value not exceeding 5-10 percent of the absolute value with confident probability greater than 95 percent. - Since the values of NIPR are are the most important indicators, they were calculated by two additional metho3s as a check: by analyzing the variation - of the density of initial reserves and by analyzing the variation of proven reserves as meterage of exploratory-test drilling during the entire period of developing a region is accumulated (Figure 3). ~ The quotient from division of ~ ~ QA+g.~l by s, where s is the total future area of a regian, was taken for the density of initial commercial reserves for each date. The nature of variation of the density of initial reserves should totally repeat the nature of variation of the level of initial re- serves: at the beginning of operations this density is equal to zero due to ~ the absence af reserves and as a region is studied, it approach~~s some maximwm value which is equal to the specific density of the ~.nitial potential resources completely converted to the accumulated production. The maximum value was also det~rmined in a similar manner, i.e., by using the five methods which were used in calculations for the accumulated output and the initial commercial reserves [9, 10, 13,, 14, 15]. The five values of qS found upon multiplication by the value of the future area yielded values of the initial potential resources of a region. The maximum values of k calculated by the corresponding methods by specific densities of reserves are in good agreement with previously obtained estimates with reliable probability of more than 95 percent. One of the five derived values of k was selected and mainly that which was determined by 21 J FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007102/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR OFFIC:IAL USE ONLY methods which yield the highest correlation relations and the least mean square errors [10, 14, 15]. Parameters a and b contained in these equatior.s were then determined to solve ~ equations (2) and (2') and to determine the configuration of i:he desired curves, for which the mean value of k was used. Determination of the coeffi- cients was accompanied by an estimate of the confident interval necessary for forecasting. QaHna (1} . ~ 40 ' ~ 2 ~ d4A;B.cr .~-+'G' ' BSOd -oN ~ E'nQ=4 (1-Be ~ a ~ 30 HHnP c ~ ~ 1 h ~ ~ ~ . a 20 ~3) . i ' ~ ~ ~ 10 ~ 0 0 4 8 12 1S 20 , ~JaKOnneaHOiri Mempa.hc, meic.M ~ 4 ) Figure 3. Graph of Variation of Proven Reserves (Sums of = Increases of Reserves oc Categories A+ B+ C1) as Meterage of Exploratory-Test Drilling is Accumulated. The solia lines were plotted from factual data and the dashed lines are analytical curves (that is, those in Figures 4-6) Key: 1. Proven reserves, arbitrary units 3. Output 2. Input 4. Accumulated meterage, thousand meters The reliability of estimating parameters k, a and b was determined three times. The sampling was limited by 1) the first half of available observations, 2) by the first two-thirds of observations and 3) by the complete set of observa- tions. Matching of the calculated (predicted) and observed values was checked in this case. The check of matching by the Darbin-Watson criterion, which was carried out for calculations 1 and 2, showed that the predicted values agree - witYz the actual values with reliable probability exceeding 99 percent. It was alsa established that coefficients a and b, despite the difference in the vol- ~ ume of initial information, vary insignifi~antly. This indicates that the derived equations give a good description of the time variation of the initial indices. Consequently, they permit one to make a reliable forecast. 22 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040240020006-1 F'OR OFFICIAL USE ~NLY It was establiahed that the volume of praven commercial reserves can be - adequa.tely well approximated by an equation of the Gompertz-Meykem curve as a region is drilled with an increase ~f exploratory-test meterage: - ~l1Q A-}-B+C, _ ~K H NfIPe-be-a/f ~ (4) - where Qi,11PR are the initial extractable potential reso+~+-cps, b is i~he integration constant and a is the growth proportionality constant. This functional depzndence differs from the equation of the curve proposed in ihe paper of A. Zapp [16]. The given reserves essentially do not increase in ~he given case during the initial stage with an incr~ase of ineterage, _ whereas, according to A. Zapp [15], the growth of reserves is highest during . the initial stage, which clearly contradicts the factual data. If ~ae take the first derivative of equation (4), we find the functional ex-~ _ pre:3sion of the variation in the increase of proven reserves per meter of sin}:ing wells with an increase of ineterage, i.e., d ~~Q,~+s+c~~ = QHNRP QfJ 2_be_aNe-nH. (5) dH The nature of variation of efficiency is essentially similar in all regions: effic~ency is low or almost equal to zero during the early stages of geologi- , cal prospecting operations, it then begins to increase and at some moment ' reaches a specific maximum, after which it gradually decreases. However, in view of the specifics of regions, the characteristics of distribution and disposition of fields and their reserves, the nature of variation of efficiency may vary from region to reginn with retention of the overall trend. _ The given nature of variation of the initial extractable commercial reserves and the increase of reserves per meter of sinking wells was also noted pre- viously [8, 12, 16]. A graph of variation of equations (4) and (5) is pre- sented in Figures 3 and 4. Based on the assumption that the growth of reserves will also subsequently decxease exponentially after a maximum, the values of the increases of re- serves during the past few years were calculated up to the moment when the increase stops and the values of commercial reserve not yet extracted from . the interior and the NIPR were also calculated. The values of the NIFR calculated by analyzing the variation of the density of initial commercial reserves and increase of reserves per meter of drilling were ve~.y similar to values of NIPR calculated by the logistic curve and the Gompertz-Meykem curve. This indicates that the method of determining the NIPR frotr~ these curves is logically and mathematically justified and can be used in practice. - 23 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR UFFICIAL USE ONLY ~ (1) . ~5 d ~ ~ s ~ 4 dQ q dH ma g / -0 ` ~2 \ 0 ~ . ~ a~ ~ eH - 1N~HZ 2 ~2~ 3 4 � 5 6 NaKO/JJlCNHb/l! MempQ.hc, Ml1H.M Figure 4. Graph of Variation of Annual Increase of Reserves of Categories A+ B+ C1 Per Meter of Exploratory- Test Dril~ing During the Entire Period of Operations - in the Region OQ~ H~Q be-be -aHe_aH. ~ dQ - ~ HHfIP ~Q ( dH ) OH Key: 1. Drilling efficiency, arbitrary.units 2. Accumulated meterage, million meters Bes es the value of the NIPR, the volumes of production, current reserves and future increases of reserves and also variation of the total extractable predicted estimates and future (assumed) reserves were calculated for the _ san~e r.egions and a number of associations (Figures 5 and 6). - By calculating the volumes of NIPR and the commercial reserves not yet ex- tracted, we assumed that the values of the oil yield coefficient in the future as equal to its current value. One may also determine the NIPR and the volumes of commercial reserves not yet determined by introducing corrections into the - calculations for variation of the oil yield coefficient in time, taking into account progress in the technolagy of field exploitation. When plottii~g the graphs (see Figure 6), the.authors proceeded from the prop- osition that all the reserves can be conditionally separated into proven (the total accumulated production and commercial reserves of category A+ B+ C1) and assumed (the total future reserves of category C2 and predicted estimates - D], + D2 ) � In those regions where the confirmability of the future reserves of fields is low, they can be included in the assumed reserves. If the confirmability of the future reserves of fields is suFficiently high, the assumed reserves will 2!~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~ ~ ~ ~l ) ~ ? i ~ y p ~ / Pe Q~;B,~~ ~ ~ a D+~,l _ 0 3p ~ ~~�e~c . 1 ~ ~ ~o ~ ~ ~ ZO ~ \ . ~ c ~ ~ f0 ~ Eff i ~ i \ ~ 0 ~ r~ (a) ~ o a.~ - t K Figure 5. Dynamics of Variation by Years of Accumulated Production ~ qt, Proven Reserves ~L~Qp,+g~l, and Assumed Extractable Reserves D+ C2 Key: 1. Reserves, production, arbitrary units 2. Years be represented only by the sum of the quantitative estimate of group D and reserves of category C2 of promising structures. In this case reserves of category C~ of fields will also be included in initial extractable reserves - when calculating the NIPR by extrapolation of the curves of initial extract- able reserves. Basec~ on equation (1), the assumed reserves were arbitrarily combined in the given case under the index D+ C2 and were ~?Qtermined in the following manner: Q D-f-C a= Q H{1(1 P- QAtB-1~C~ -F- E 9 r ( 6) or QD+C~=QFlH[1P'"'F.r 0 QA-FB+C~. The sum of derivatives d(~ qt )/dt and d(Qp,+g.F.~l )/dt presented in Figure 6 yields values of the increase of commercial reserves due to exploratory-test drilling, which is expressed by the formula d( E 9e) + d~Qn+e+c~) _ pQn+e+c 0 Q,~+e+c,-Eqr. ~8) dt d t The actual values of the increases of reserves due to exploratoxy-test opera- ~ tions and also current levels of produc,tion are presented in this same figure for comparison. The theoretical values of a p+B+Cl correspond completely in their absolute value to variation of the level of reserves D+ C2, i.e., 25 . FQR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - d(D-I-C~) � I ~ r ( =OQ,~+a+c, . ~9~ Variation of the efficiency of exploratory-test drilling, expressed in the _ increase of reserves per meter of drilling, corresponds completely to the curve ~ QA,~B~1 presented in Figure 6. . �4 v - . ~ (~)3 ~ti: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r: ~ ~~!:E4 i~~ a ~~i;EtlQ~~~ ~ ~!.E~~ i :,I? _ 0 2 h:~~�o i~l` o ~ i: Q ~a I . 6 b;~ _ o ~ 'i:'~44 v~ ~ ' ~ b a jl ~'~'v~- ~ b , i: c ~ ~ � d'i ~i, y~ ~ ~ 1 � ~ ~ . ~ .Q' qt - :o ~ i'~ : : ~~~dQAfe'~~ ~ i~' o .�".Q ~ ~ . C ~:i��~~ b ~b Q , ~ O o.t o ~h ~ b a4~+B+~, �o . 0 f r o a o~ ( 2.) t N ~ 2 ~ 3 K Figure 6. Graphs of Variation of Annual Production Levels qt, Increase of Reserves from Exploratory-Test Drilling Q QA.~g~l and Increase of Extractable Reserves - dQp,+B+C1= 1--increase of extractable reserves per year; 2--increase of extractable reserves; 3--annual production Key: 1. Reserves, ir.crease of reserves and production, arbitrary units , 2. Years The nature of variation of the levels of reserves, production anfl increases of reserves in the future is shown in Figures 5 and 6. Al1 this together 26 - FCJR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY permits one to determine the date of the maximum level of production, the length of the period of production stabilization at this level and the date of the beginning of its decrease. The possibility of determining the volumes . _ of the increases of reserves, required to support production, and also cf calculating the approximate date of total depletion of the interior wi~hin a - apecific oil- and gas-bearing region are repreaented by these graphs. The method of long-term forecasting, based on the concepts and calculations outlined above, permits one to make a forecast not only for areas with long history of development, i.e., with sufficient volume of statistical material, but also to plan the possible nature of development of the fuel and raw ma- terial. base of the new region where exploratory-test operations are only be- _ ginning on the basis of directive instructions. , One must have the following data to make this forecas 1) the initial extractable potential resources of the new territory - estimated by different methods (volumetric-genetic, comparative-statistical [3, 4, 6] and so on); _ 2) the year since the beginning of operations for which it is planned to provide maximum production and the highest level of current commercial . reserves; 3) the given growth rates of production and the increase of reserves. _ The need for these data is determined by the following circumstance. Param- - eter a in equations (2) and (2') is a dimensionless value of the growth rates. The logistical curve and the Gompertz-Meykem curve accordingly have inflection points (when the first derivative has a maximum value) with the coordinates: t = ~ab at-` Q=0,5 k; (10) ~ _ _ k inb a~~ Q _ r = a e (11) Knowing the given values of parameters a and k, one can determine parameter b and can describe the required equations on the basis of which the necessary calculations are made and the graphs of the assumed d1namics of variation of all indicators are constructed similar to the graphs in Figures 5 and 6. It is also important to analyze the dynamics of variation of technical-economic indicators which determine the efficiency of exploratory-prospecting operations and namely the specific increases of reserves per meter of drilling, per ruble of expenditures and per completed well and also the cost of exploratory-test drilling in rubles per meter of drilling for lonq-term forecasting of develop- ment of the sector within a specific territory. Forecasting the variation of the efficiency indices with r~egard to some technical-economic limitations ~ 27 ~OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY pennits one to estimate the volumes of drilling meterage and the financial expc:nditures which are required to find the necessary increases of reserves. - ~his forecast is a three-level two-stage correlation-regression model ~~1~~=f ~t) ~ [oQ,~=f(t)] ;[~~,~~=t(~~~, oQ~t)J, cia) e q~t=f(H)J~ where t is time, Yri is different efficiency indices, Qi is the increase of reserves for different associations and regions, Fi is financial expendi- tures, Li is the necessary exploratory-test drilling meterage; F,S Qi is the accumulated increase of reserves and H is the accumulated exploratory-test _ drilling meterage. Soi1 analysis and forecasting of the prospects for developing the structure and levels of reserves permits one to analyze the economic feasibility of a further increase of new reserves. Problems of economic analysis are consid- . ered in more detail in [1]. Analysis of calculations and forecasting of the dynamics of variation of different indicators according to the proposed methodical approach should be carried out four hierarchical levels: the USSR as a whole, large petroleum qeological regions, administrative regions (union republics and oblasts) and oil-producing associations. The described procedures for calculations may be represented by a number of sequential blocks: 1) calculation of the maximum values of k and determination of the parameters contained in eguations (3) and (3'); 2) calculation and plotting of graphs of differea~t indices and their derivatives ~rom the predicted values found in block 1; 3) calculation of possible trends of development of new promising regions based on planned indices of exploratory-prospecting and exploitation work and their cost; 4) estimating the required expenditures to develop resources and to prepare reserves, i.e., economic analysis of operations 1, 2 and 3. 5) optimization of corresponding expenditures to provide the necessary expendit~res with restriction of matE~rial-financial resources and for possible reduction of expenditures and an increase of operating efficiency. - The proposed approach to long-term forecasting and planning of the sys~em of indicators of exploratory-prospecting and exploitation work permits one to 28 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 I FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY justifiably plan the development of the given system of indicators for the - long term with regard to the geological characteristics of a specific region. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. ~uyalov, N. I., V. N. K,orniyenko and I. P. Lavrushko, "Long-Term Forecast- ing of the Main Indicators of the Exploratory-Prospecting Process for Oil and Gas Using Geological-Mathematical Methods," EKSPRESS-INFORMATSIYA. - Ekonomika Mineral'nogo Syr'ya i Geologorazvedochnykh Rabot. OTsNTI BIEMS, No. 4, 1979. 2. Buyalov, N. I., I. P. Zubov and V. N. Kramarenko, "Estimation of Future Oil and Gas Content--An Indicator of the Efficiency of Exploratory and Prospecting Operations for Oil and Gas," NEFTEGAZOVAYA GEOLOGIYA I GEOFIZIKA, No. 1, 1976. 3. Avrov, V. Ya., S. G. Heruchev, S. N. Simakov and L. A. Veselova, "Brief Characteristics of Forecasting Oil and Gas Reserves, Their Classification and Method of Calculation," GEOLOGIYA NEFTI I GAZA, No. 5, 1972. 4. Nalivkin, V. D., M. D. Belonin, V. S. Lazarev et al, "Criteria and Methods - of Quantitative Analysis of the Oil and Gas Content of Large Territories," SOV. GEOLOGIYA, No. 1, 1976. 5. Lange, 0., "Vvedeniye v ekonomicheskuyu kibernetiku" [Introduction to Economic Cybernetics], Moscow, Progress, 1968. _ 6. Nesterov, I. I. and V. V. Poteryayeva, Regional Geological Conditions ~ Which Control Formation of Large Oil and Gas Fields," GEOLOGIYA NEFTI I GAZA, No. 10, 1971. 7. Rayzberg, B. A., Ye. N. Golubkov and L. S. Pecherskiy, "Sistemnyy podkhod v perspektivnom planirovanii" [The Systems Approach in Future Planninq], Moscow, Ekonomika, 1975. , 8. Elliot, M., "Many Complex Factors Affect Oil and Gas Reserves Data," OIL AND GAS, Vol. 75, No. 22, 1977. 9. Fisher, R., 10Statistical Methods for Research Workers, l.lth ed., Edinburgh, 1950. 10. Hartley, B., "Estimating Non-Linear Parameters by Internal Least Sc;uares," BIOMETRICA, Vol. 35, 1948. 11. Hubbert, M., "Energy Resources," A Report to the Committee on Natural Resources of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., 1962. 12. Hubbert, M., "Degree of Advancement of Peicroleum Exploration in the . United States," BULL. AM. ASSOC. PETROL. GEOL., Vol 51, No. 11, 1967. 29 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY - APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY 13. Jull, G., "The Growth of Population and the Factors which Control It," J. ROY. STAT. SOC., 1925. 14. Nair, K., "The Fitting of Growth Curves," in Statistics and Mathematics in Biology, Jova, 1954. 15. Rhodes, E., "Population Mathematics," J. ROY. STAT. SOC., Vol. 103, Part 3, 1940. 16. Zapp, A., "Future Petroleum Producing Capacity of the United States," U. S. Geol. Survey Bull., 1142-H, 1962. COFYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Nedra", "Sovetskaya geologiya", 1979 6521 CSO: 1822 30 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FUELS AND RELATED.EQUIPMENT COAL MINES IN UKRAINE ARE MORE P~CHANIZED, BUT STILL UNDERWORKED Kiev UGOL' UKRAINY.i:~ Russian No 8, Aug 79 pp 1-~+ [Az�ticle by V. A. Voronin, first deputy minister of the coal industry of the Ukz�ainian SSR: "Ukraine's Underground Miners--Looking Forward to Miners' Day"] [Text] The republic's miners, just like Soviet people everywhere, celebrate their traditional occupational holiday on 26 Aug 79--Miners' Day. Confi- dently one can.state that the republic's coal industry has moved signifi- cantly f.orward. Our mines have equipment with good productivity and they are enterprises with sophisticated production practi.ces. Designing, making and introducing new equipment combinations for mechani- zirig stopes, a.long with the broadened scope of use for existing equipment, raised (compared with 1970) the amounts of coal recovered with mechanized equipment combinations by 3.5 times (by 19 times for coal seams up to 1.2 m thick), combine exploitation of workings--by 3.3 times and conveyor- ization in steeply pitched workings--by 1.~+ times. Work is ~ust about fitiished in the mechanization of the most labor-intensive processes, namely, loading in stopes (97.~+ percent) and cutting through overburden- _ removal and development horizontal workings (95 percent); and in converting stationary and production-li~.e equipment combinations at mine surfaces to au~;omatic and remote control (95 Percent). Work was done in improving underground transportation with belt eonveyors, high-capacity cars.and heavy-duty electric locomotives and in the mechanization of auxiliary work. Conveyorization in steeply pitched workings is now 50.6 percent and in hori- zontal workings--20 percent. Persons initiating many value.d beginnings contributed greatly to coal indus- = try progress: in boosting~the use efficiency of mining equipment, in accom- plishing thousand-tons-a-day loadings and in rapid operations in workings. In the Uka~aine 132 production gangs each loe.d 1000 ~ons or more a day. These gan~s, a mere.l0.l percent of all such ~an~s,, supplied 24.7 million tons of coal during�six months in 1979, or. 3~+.1 percent of the recovered amounts in gently sloping seams with slope angles to 35�. The longwall loading of the thousand-tons-a-day gan~s was 3.~+ times greater than the 31 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR 0:~'FICIAL USE ONLY mean-daily amounts recovered from stopes; the labor productivity of these F~ari~s is 2.8 times higher than the industry-wide mean indicators. For 20 gangs the mean labor productivity of the gan~ members r.eached 500-1000 tons a month. Breadly supported in the mines of the republic is the initiative--approved by the Central Committee of the UkrainiaY~ Communist Party--of ten front-rank gangs who are stepping up competition for higher loading at longwalls and who are exploiting thin seams. Following the examples of the innovators, 182 gangs have already been extracting 500 tons or more of coal a day from thin seams. Since the gangs oi machine operators work at high rates, on-time preparation of the production zone takes on very critical importance. Right now a dis- proportion prevails in how much production and development work is mechanized. Several factors (higher temperatures and higher blow-out dangers, the need for cross-sectionally bigger workings under exploitation, more closely spaced tin~bering and so on), growing out of increasing7~}r deeper exploitation are slowing down the pace of development workings. Much work has been done in Ukrainian mines in the past few years for updating the equip~nent on hand in development faces and in more mechanization of drift operations. There is 4.5 times more (compared with 1970~) high-capacity 1PNB-2 and 2PNB-2 loaders; 2PNB-2B loaders with mounted drilling equipment have begun to be introduced. By late 1.979 the stock of these machines will number 1020 units. The stock of drift and cutting combines went up by 3.1 times and they are being con- stantly improved: 1+PP-2 heavy-duty combines capable of brea.king up rocks rated up to 6 in strength are being introduced; GPK combines are replacing PK-3 units and KN cutting combines are coming on the scene. The amount of development workings where eoal and rock are loaded by machines went up by , 17.2 percent and is now 76.6 percent, including 23.2 percent--by drift com- bines. Ways have been determined in improving mine p:eparation at mines and bringing in forward-looking technology. Primarily, these ways include: organizing operations in development faces under.production-line arrange- ments that are based on forward-looking technical and technological solutions concentration of preparatory work that cuts the number of development faces wor.ked at the same time, by setting up consolidated multifunction gangs adding to the number of high-speed drift gangs organizing the work of drift gangs under a cont.racting method setting up specialized gangs to make development workings ready for drifts - and gangs of riggers supplyin.g materials to the face 'I'he high level of engineering solutions, scientifi:c orgamization~of labor together with the occupationa.l skill of workers, solidarity and labor disci- pline enabled a number of front-rank gangs to improve their performance indi- cators significantly. A large part in mastering advanced technology and in 32 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY orgariizing drift operations on a new qualitative basis belongs to the gang led by Lenin Prize Winner I. D. Zinchenko, Hero of Socialist Labor, from Mine imeni Abakumov of the Donetskugol' Association. This gang drove 1113.2 m of drift as early as Oct 1963 with a PK-3m combine in Jan 1966-- 1826 m and in Jun 1967--1851 m of drift in two faces. The gang's innova- tions, its advanced methods and its operating procedures gained acceptance across the industry: V. G. Vendilovich's~gang, working,at the Mine imeni Abakumov, has excellent performance indicators--it cut through l~+ km of workings in 3�5 years of - the five-year plan peri.od. In 1979 the gang ma.de its mark with a number of initiatives: achieving a mean-monthly drift cutting rate of 295 m in 1979; ful.filling the plan for four years of the five-year plan period by the - second anniversary of the new USSR Constitution; ful~illing the five-year pl~.n by the 110th anniversaxy of the birth of Vladimir I. Lenin; and giving assista.nce to D. A. Goncharov's drift gang. In backing these initiatives, 31 drift gangs.in the Donbass took on comm~tments to cut through 85 km of - workings in 1979� The gang of drift worl~ers led by D. G. Khomich, from the Chervona zirka Mine of the Torezantratsit Association is systematica.lly scoring high per- formance indicators. In three yeaxs of the five-year plan period the gang drove through 9.1+ km of workings with a 1PNB-2 loader and in Mar 79--1117 m of consolidated drivage. After careful]y stuc~ying the processes of high-speed exploitation of work- ings and drawing up a clear-cut schedule, the gang from the Mospinskaya Mine of the Donetskugol' Association headed by I. N. Vinskiy, drove ~+05 m of crosscut through tough rock in Apr 1979� By setting up high-speed drift gangs, the volumes of development workings were significantly increased in a mine of the Dobropol'yeugol' Association. In Apr 1979, I. S. Suslev's gang in the Pioner Hydraulic Mine drove 703 m of vent drift and in May N. Ye. Stepin's gang (from the Krasnolimanskaya Mine) - drove 1335 m of vent drift in 31 working days. The mean-dai],y pace was ~+3.1 m; the labor productivity of the drift gang member was 12.2 m per month. The face was eqaipped with a GPK combine and a prototype of the 1LTP-80 tele- scoping belt conveyor. . - The best drift teams of mine builders are also,scoring large successes. A. N. Nosov's gang in the Zhdanovskaya-Kapital'naya Mine drove more than 1.9 km of workings in 7 months. V.~I. Bubnov's gang is building the Zapadno-Donbass- kaya Mine No 16/17; it drove about 1630 m of workings in 7 months of 1979, at mea.n-month rates of 233 m~ At the Mine imeni Kalinin of the Donetskugol', Association, tlie gang led by V. A. Nelepinskiy, from the Mine-Driving Construction Administration No 4 of the Donetskshakhtoprokhodka Trust, used an SK-lu shaft-driving complex in Mar 1979 to drive 160 m of a vertical shaft with a drivage cross-sectional axea of 46.5 m2 in 30 working.days; a record per-shift labor productivity was set for the gang member--15.02 m2 of finished shaft. ~ 33 ~ _ ~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000200024406-1 - FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY All told, in 1979 212 high-speed gangs in the mines of the Ukrainian SSR Ministry of the Coal Industry completed 26 percent of.the total volume of workings exploited; the mean rate was 212 m a month, which is 2.~+ times hi~her than the ministry-wide avera~e. A chu,lleri~;in~ task coriPronts miners in the republic: in the ver�y near futur�e to modernize mining practices in a number of mines, to cut back on the tra.ns- portation cycles and eli~inate segcnents therein, to better ventilate mines and to convert high-capacity production faces to forward-looking ventila- tion arrangements, to continue converting high-productivity production faces to operations baced on the pillar systems and so on. Meeting this challenge is to be based on a significant increase in the volumes of driving of develop- ment faces, including special-purpose workings for upgrading mine practices and the driving.of vent and technological shafts and boreholes. Alreac~y in 1979 there is a need to drive 3193.~+ 1im of development workings by the eco- nomic cost-accounting method (which is 280.6 1~ more than in 1978); 360.5 ~ of workings must be driven by mine builders. In reac~ying a worthy welcome to Miners' Day, the miners are coping successfully with the established pla.ns a.nd targets and are taking on heavier co~nitments. Topping the 6-month plan, 43�1 km of all development workings has been driven, including 8.3 km of overburden-removal and development production faces. Because the volumes of mine prepar~.tory work must be increased, new tasks have been posed in organizing drivage; requirements on the technical level and on designing and building efficient equipment have been considerably tightened. Undergoing testing in the mines of the republic are the 1+PP-5 and GPK-2 combines with arrowlike working part for use in workings at com- bined faces for rocks up to 6 in strength value. Improvements are still going on in the Soyuz-19 rotary drift combine for making trunk field work- in@;s in2racks having strength values of 6-8 and cross-sectional axeas of 17-20 m- Series production has begun of the Titan crushing-filling equip- ment complexes, built at the Dongiprouglemash enterprise jointly with Donugi. This equipmen~t most decidedly improves the engineering-economic indicators for use in workings with fill. Etnploying the equipment complex at.the - Trudovskaya Mine of the Donetskugol' Association in the sector headed by I. I. Strel'chenko, twice Hero of Socialist Labor, promoted the mechanizin~ of working in rock filling, reducing the strength of the drift gang by 25 persons, improving the condition of the supported working and raising.the load at the longwall to 4000 tons a day. Doiiugi jointly with the Kopeysk Machir~e Buil.ding Plant imeni Kirov, Gipro- uglemash and other organizations developed the Y,SV technolo~ and equipment complex for use in paired workings with outpacing common coal face and fill- in~ of the worked-out space between the workings with rock. In 1979 manu- facturing will come to an end and tests will begin for the prototypes; from 1981 their series manufacture is projected. Equipment has been designed and built for use in gently,sloping seams up to 0.9 m thick in paired workings with drill-auger excavation of coal between the workings. 3~. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY i% APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY The scientific-designing and production division will make it possible in the i~nediate future to begin the production of drift equipment complexes. Stu- dies are aimed at building the following types: drift complexes based on the GPK-2, 4PP-2 and 4PP-5 combines, for full mech- anization of the breaking up and loadin~ of rock and of timberin~, includin~ a complex with remote control, model 4PP-2ShCh for use in workings at blow- out-dangerous seams . equipment complexes for cutting operations at gent~}r sloping and steep~y pitched seams 0.9-1.6 m thick; and KGV-1 dr~:ll-blasting drift complexes for driving and supporting horizont~.l workings with a cross-sectional area of - more than 19.3 m2 through rocks with a strength value higher than 6. _ With increasing depth, questions of timbering and protection of workings take on ever-growing importance. The primary timbering in development workings is an arch metal pliant structure made of special corrugated section. A _ para.metric series of.SVP sections has been developed for this timbering as functionally dependent on the width of workings with standard cross-sections. _ Introduction of five type classes of SVP sections has meant savings of more than 5 million rubles a year. Special shoring was developed--with oriented design resilience. These are . metal arches AP~S a.nd AxP-5 for gently sloping,seams and PAK arches for steeply pitching seams. Resilient shoring with increased load-bearing capa- city, rectangular in shape, is being introduced into workings. The year 1979 saw production begin for shoring,made of low-alloy steels, significantly lowering the specific consumption of inetal shoring. Connections for segments - of AP shoring have been designed and are being introduced; they provide a reliable characteristic and increase shoring reliability and safety in work procedures. Erecting shoring remains an arduous and laborious process in the drift cycle. The Central Scientific Research, Planning and Design Institute of Underground Mining Machines and Ug~emekhanizatsiya Scientific Production Ass~ociation. But there axe no sclutions for mechanizing the entire process of shoring, ' including placement of framing, tensioning and filling of the shored-up space. ~ Miners in the Ukraine are directing the attention of scientists and machine builders toward the need to build new kinds of drift equipment. Thus, the possible volume of use for PK-9r and GPK combine has alreac~y been depleted, but machines that can extend the volume of combine drivage (4PP-2 combine and the KN cutter complex) are being delivered in too limited numbers. There is a lack of a drift combine capabie of effectively breal:ing down rock that _ have a strength of 600-800 kg/cm2. Because there are not enough 1PNB-2B and 2PNB drill-loaders with mounted drilling equipment, only 5 percent of . the po~,sible volume of workings is exploited. The technology of exploiting workings using PNB type machines without mounted equipment is extremely un- improved, since the process of drilling boreholes is considerably complicated, especially with column electric drills. All the time savings from higher productivity in loading is lost because borehele drilling takes longer. 35 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1 FOR OFFICIAL US~ ONLY The 1PNB-2u machine transferred to serie::, production status, for use in ' inclined work~,ngs, is not beir~~ manufactured. Development faces are still - not� bein~ adequately supplied with means for mech anizinp; auxiliary trn.ns- - port~,tion (4DMfC and 6l)NffC monorail lines) and mechanizin~ of shorting (KDM) - a.nd loading and unloading work (tractors and TP hoists), which is holdin~ up pro~ress in integrated mechanization of drift operations. In spite of the Titan compleYes having high efficiency, the Yasinovataya Machine Building Plant is making them in small lots. Development faces of mines where steep seams ar e being exploited are ~eing extremely slow]y con- verted to high-capacity equipment with electric drive. Mine builders are not being supplied with enough specialized drift equipment: BUK-2 concrete- placing complexes, OMP mobile metal falsework and complexes for driving and deepening shafts. In Apr 1979 All-Union Scientific and Engineering Conferences on the Status and Prospects of Improvements in D-rift Operations in Coal Industry Enterprises were held in the ~ities of Shakhty and Karaganda. Conference recommendations _ for improving thP structure of managing mine preparations, plannin~ of vol- umes and the organization of labor and production and mechanization techno- lo~ and facilities are being successfully introduced in the republic's mir.es . The rich traditions and the operatin~ experience of the front-rank collectives together with the privileges and advantages for miners, along with the con- tinued equipment updatirig of the industry, provide propitious opportunities for high-productivity lab or, fuller use of reserves and on this basis, the car�rying out of tasks placed before the republic's miners by the 25th CPSU Congress on supplying the national econo~y with cheap and good-quality fuel. L531-10123] COPYRIGHT: Izdatel'stvo "Tekhnika", "Ugol' Ukrainy", 1979 10123 CSO: 1822 END 36 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020006-1