JPRS ID: 8778 WEST EUROPE REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020040-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 83
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 40
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/8778 _
21 November 1979
~1/est Eur~ ~ Re o~t
p p
CFOUO 64/79)
FBIS FOREI~N BROADCAST INFORIVIATION SERVICE ~ _
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NOTE
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~
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~'PRS L/8778 `
21 November 1979
~ WEST EUROPE REPO RT
(FOUO 64/79) ~
CONTENTS PAGE
TiiEATER NUCLEAR FORCES
ITALY
Specifications for New Antitank Helicopter A-129
(RNISTA MILITARE, Ju~-Aug 79) 1
- COUNTRY SECTION
FRANCE
Marchais,' Attacks on PSF Seen Benefiting Giscard
(Michel Gonod; PARIS MATCH, 19 Oct 79) 16
- Scenario for World War III in Elirope Replayed
(Jean Larteguy; PARIS MATCFI, 5 Oct 79) 21
French Aerospace Industry's 1978-1979 Accomplishments
- (AZx & cosMOS, 6 oct 79) 40
Research in 1980 To Get Nearly 15 Billion Francs
(AIR & COSMOS, 22 SeP 79) 46
. 1980 Defense Budget Qutlined, Discussed ~
. (AIR & COSMOS, 22 SeP 79) ~'7
Draft 1980 Defense Budget Under Exa.mination
(AIR & COSMOS, 2g SeP 79) 54
Comments on 1980 Transport ~~3uclget Draf't -
(AIR & COSMOS, 29 SeP 79) 57
= Military Communications Network,`or 1980-2000 Outlined
(AIR & COSMOS, 6 oct 79) ,o 60
- a - [III - WE - 150 FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued) P~,ge
Air Force Seen Needing ~Special Attention'
(AIR & CosMOS, 6 oct 79) .....................e..... 63
Steps in Planning New Naval Vessel Outlined
(Philipp~ Sainte-C]_aire Deville; ARMEES D'AUJOURD'HUI, _
Oct 79) 68
Briefs
Mitterra.nd Trip F~ldangered 72
~ New Government Ministry 72
_ Cosmos Consortium Continues 72
Fouga-9G Flies 73
Jaguar Deliveries, Zmprovements 73
Fetroleum Contract Renewal 73
ITAL~Y
Pla,n To Reform Working Hours for Civil Servants ~
(Bznito Carobene, C~.rlo l~~ajello; IL CORRIERE DELLA
sERA, 11 oct 79) 7~
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THEATER NUCLPAR FORCES ITALY
SPECIFICATIONS FOR NEW ANTITANK HELICOPT~R A-129
Rome RIVISTA MILITARE in Italian Jul-Aug 79 pp 27-33
- [Article: "Antitank Helicopter"]
[Text ] A New ~deapon System for the Ar~y .
The General Staff of the Army, witnin the framework of a materiel policy aimed
~ at increasing operational effectiveness through renovation of the existing
lines and acquisition of new equipment, plans to give a special push to anti-
tank defense by means of several measures, among which is the construction oP
J an airborne platform capable of au~enting the effectiveness of the long-range -
antitank weapons. _
It should be recalled here that reaction against an enemy armored threat is
articulated over short, medium and long distances, and that different weapons
systems, designed and opti.mized so as to be most ef~'ective within a certain -
band of raizge, are provided for each of them.
As regards the long-range weapons systems, which toda,~r belong to the family
of wire-guided missiles with automatic or semiautomatic guidance, the opera- -
tional environment very often imposes serious limitations on their use, mainly
because of the limited depth of the field of observation and the field of fire.
Thus it is that an airborne platform, capable of overcoming such limitations,
can restore full usefulness to such weapons, in terms of the maximum perform-
ance characteristics providPd for. In addition, thanks to the intrinsic flex-
ibility of aircraft, formations of aircraft :rith specific antitank capacities
can represent an extremely mobile reserve with which to meet an armored threat,
filling the gag in the event of a temporary shortage of units on the ground,
whose mobility is sometimes impeded by the limitations imposed by the terrain _
or by enerr~y tactical air forces.
The General Staff of the Army, acting on the proposal made by the nation's
largest helicopter industry ~o develop an antitank helicopter on the basis of
the operational requirements defined by the Armed Forces, has therefore sup-
ported the participation ~f the defense establishment in the financial cost
- of the development of such a pie~e of. eqsipment.
1
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Once the development of this aircraft has come to a positive conclusion, a
program to purchase a sufficient-number of units will be started, with the
funds coming from those made available by the law of 16 June 1977 for modern-
i_zation of the Ar~}r's weaponry, materiel, gear a~~d equipment, within the
framework Qf antitank 3efense. .
~ 'I'he program for development of the A-129 heZicopter--this is the initial des-
ignation of the aircraft in the phase of its creation by Agusta Aeronautieal
Construction--has been started, and should be completed by 1982.
RIVISTA PdILITARE considers it useful to give its readers a preview of the
technical aspects ef the ~uture helicopter, illustrating its essential charac-
teristics and performance data, as well as its operational configuration.
For this purpose, instead of an arid description and exposition of data it
seemed useful to inte~~riew the of~icer who has been,given responsibility by
the General Staff of the Army for coordinating the various activities con-
nected w~ith the development program; this will also clarify better the reasons
_ behind the choices made among various possible approaches.
The interview is limited to the unit itself, which is the basic element in the
three-sided whole--"unit - criteria of use - training"--that makes up a
_ weapon system.
, In due time, our treatment will be extended to the other aspects of the pro-
gram, so that the helicopter can be viewed in its entirety within the opera-
tional. reality of our Arn~y, as one of the factors which, together with the
other equipment existing or to be acquired in~future, will be able to help
give the ground forces a more modern configuration.
The questions were asked of tank navigating officer and
- observer Col Pmidio Valente, the officer responsible, within
the Army General Staff, for coordinating the development '
program for the A-129 helicopter.
This officer, who has studied at the Academy of Modena and
took part in the war operations of the last o~nflict as com- '
- mander of a tank platoon, has had.~ong and intensive experi-
ence in the~Army's Light A.vi~,cion, both in the field of
flight training and in research and study activities in this ~
specific sector. '
~
Coexistence with Other Antitank Helicapters
[Question) The Italian Arrr~y has tested and approved an antitank version of ;
the A-109 helicopter armed with TOW missiles. Will this ~,ircraft be adopted
and placed in service? Ar_d if so, is the A-129 intended to coexist with the ~
A-109 or to take its place? ~ '
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[Answer] The Arn~y General Staff has used the A-109 as a"~;est bench" for
verifying, on the technical and operational levels, the validity of the pro-
posal for development of a light a.ntitank helicopter.
_ As such, it has shown itself to be an excellent and valid platform for the
weapons system: this is confirmed by t`~e exceptional results of the test-
- firing programs, with 100 percent of the shots on target. In this configura-
tion, therefore, it could be a good transitional antitank helicopter, like,
for example, the SA-3~+0 Gaze"lle (France) and BO-105 (FRG) helicopters, both
. of which are armed with HOT missiles, and the H-500 (U.S.) and WG-13 Linx
(Great Britain) helicopters, which are armed with TOW's instead.
Nevertheless, the General Staff of the Army has decided to go ahead with ac-
quisition of a"combat-specialized" craft, on the considered conviction that
- only a unit in which a11 the elements necessary for carrying out successfully
the b asic mission assigned to it are considered in harmonic combination, from
the proposal stage on, can furnish the best operational output and an excel-
lent cost-effectiveness ratio.
Therefore, the A-129 will not take the place of other antitank helicopters,
but will go into service definitely filling a gap in that particular sector.
Comparison of the A-129 with the E:cistin~ Attack Helicopters
~ [Question] ~'"e A-129 will therefore be a true combat heJ.icopter and not an
"armed helicopter"--that is, an aircraft created for other req~airements and
subsequently equipped with a weaponry systemr Thus it can be compared with _
attack helicopters already existing, such as the Cobra axid the AH-6~+ of the
Unite d.St ates Army and the Hind of the Soviet Union. Can you indicate to us
the principal differences between the Italian helicopter and the foreign ones? -
[Answer] It is a matter of ma,chines of different classes--indeed, of differ-
ent "formulas." Let us point out immediately that the Soviet Hind helicopter ;
is actually a cross between an attack craft and a troop-transport craft, al-
most an aerial version of an infantry-combat vehicle. In an,y case, there is
no equivalent of it in the Western world, even if, ,years ago, Sikorsky de-
signed a similar unit, the Black Hawk, which, however, was not continued with. ,
But a comparison is possible with the .AH-1 Cobra and the AH-61+, both produced
by the linited States.
The A-129, as its designation indicates, is a"light antitank" helicopter. _
Why light, and why antitank? .
As regards its weight, I would quite simply like to remind you that everythin~ ~
has its price at "so much per kilo," and that the kilos of modern aircraf`t,
_ especially if they are highly sophisticated, are ver~ expensive. Therefore, :
an effort has been made from the outset to specifyr the unit's primaxy function .
and the parameters of its basic oper~.tional mission and to "build axound it"
the corresponding airframe, in a compact and essential configura~ion. ~
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In addition, in order to keep weight and size down, application of advanced
t~chnologies--which, besides filling that purpose, help to increase the unit's
technical-operational reliabi]ity--has been requested. In this way, with a
~ takeoff weight of only 3,50Q k~, the A-129 will be capable both of carrying out
effective antitank action and of taking strong action, with an alternative
~.rmament system, against ot~~ectives of a different kind.
The Cobra is a.n attack helicopter built in 1965, as a derivative of the gen-
eral-use UH-1B helicopter (in Army Light Aviation, AB-201+), to meet the urgent -
requirements of the Vietnamese conflict. The Cobra, a good example of the
technical design of its time, is still in service in the United States Army,
after undergoing a"rejuvenation" process to make it capable of filling the
void that would have been created wh.ile an attack helicopter of advanced d~-
sign was awaited. -
Such, in fact, is the Hughes AH-64, which, selected through a competition or-
ganized by the United States Army, is still in the advanced development phase,
while the decision of Congress regarding its definitive introduction into
service is awaited. It is a heavy helicopter, about 7 tons at takeoff, and is
equipped with a considerable variety of armaments (HELLFIRE antitank missiles,
30 mm machine gun, 70 mm rockets); it is designed essentiall,y to carry out
offensive roles within the overall concept of air mobility as understood in
the United States Army. .
Configuration for iiasic Operational Miss~on r
[Question] What is the configuration of the A-129 for its basic operational
. mission? And what is the outline of that mission?
[Answer] The basic operational mission--antitank--provides for a total round
trip of about 200 km, largely in tactical flight, with long phases of station-
ary flight without ground effect. For calculation of range and performance
characteristics, the most demanding use conditions, both as regards ambient
- factors and for purposes of fuel consumption, have been considered. As regards
fuel, the essentia.l parameters refer to flight at zero altitude; as regards
performaiice characteristics, they refer to a tempe~~ature of 35 degrees centi-
~ grade at sea level--and among the performance characteristics, especially
the possibility of doing st ationary flight without ground effect up to 2,000 ,
meters.
Un der such conditions, the A-12~ must be able to transport 8 TOW missile:, =
and enough Fuel for 2-1/2 hours of flight. ~ -
[Question] Why is the A-129 a twin-engine helicopter? -
[Answer~ In the present st ate, aeronautical engines have reached a very high
level of efficiency and reliability. The choice of the twin-engine formula
was not imposed by technical reasons, but rather essentially because of con-
- siderations of an operational nature. This configuration in fact increases
the factors of safety and survival capacity that it was desired to stress in
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the helicopter. Since total passive protection of the engine machiner,y is not
- achievable, it was desired to avoid the possibility that a single hit taken
by the engine itself could put the aircraft out of combat. In other words,
even with one engine down because of breakdown or enerqy fire, the A-129 ~rill
be able either to continue on its mission or get b ack to b ase, or in the
worst case, carry out a controlled descent.
Single-Engine Performance Characterist ics
[Question] What are the A-129's performance characteristics with a single I
engine?
[Answer] Limiting ourselves to the most significant of ~hem, it is sufficient
to cite climbing speed, which, at 3,500 kg wei~ht, is still 2.9 meters per
second at sea le~rel and 0.5 meter per second at 2,000 meters under high-temp-
erature conditions. This represents, in practice, the possibility of con- ~
tinuing with a mission, albeit with re duced performance characteristics.
Principal Characteristics
- and Pei~formance Data AH--129 AH-1 S AH-6~+
Weight at takeoff for basic opera-
tional mission (kg) 3,5~~ ~+,535 6,650
Installed power (HP) 2 X 850 1 x 1,800 2 X 1,536
Maximum speed in armed con-
figuration (km per hour) 28G 225 293
Ceiling in stat ionary flight
- without ground effect (meters) 2,700 3,780 ~
Range in hours for basic mission 2 hours 30 min. ~ 1 hour 50 min.
'1lntitank armament 8 TOWs 8 TOWs 16 HELLFIREs
_ Supplementary armament rockei;s rockets and rockets and -
20 mm machine 30 mm machine
guns guns ~
Data not available
With a weight of 2,5~+9 kg for the aircraft without external loads, with a �
single pilot, and with about 200 kg of fuel, takeoi'f is possible at 2,150 in ;
or at 1,500 m under standard ambient conditions or with high temperature, re- '
spectively..
;
[~uestion] 4~at are the flight characteristics of the A-129?
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. y~t~~yy2~ t.~~K`'~f t~..i t
~ - ~ ~ ti ~ F� ~ ~ :i'~(~.~~ ~ y
.�f f / ~f r I ~+4 ~,t~ ion,
with convincing the Soviets to cancel the trip that [~Francois] Mitterrand _
is supposed to make to the USSR. [Text] [Paris PARIS MATCH in French 9 Nov _
79 p 70]
NEW GOVERNMENT MINISTRY--A ministry of third-world development will reportedly
be created during the next change of government; the Ministry of Cooperation
will probably cease to exist. [Text] [Paris PARIS MATCH in French 9 Nov 79
P -
COSMOS CONSORTIUM CONTTNUES--Members of the COSMC~S European
industrial consortium, meeting .recently in Paris, signed a new _
agreement which extends for 3 years the cooperation established
- in 1971 between the firms involved: Aerospatiale (France), SAT _
[Telecommunications Corporatien] (France), ETCA (Belgium),
Marconi SDS (Great Britain), MBB [Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm]
(Germany), CASA (Spain), and Selenia (Italy). The head of the
ESA (~uropean Space Agency), Roy Gibson, who attended the cere- .
mony, wished new success for the COSMOS consortium, whose best
known_development is the earth-syncYironous weather satellite, .
Meteosat. COSMUS is now building the European scientific satel-
lite, Exosat, which will be launched in 1981, and is participa-
ting in the manufacture of eight telecommunications satellites
of the Intelsat 5 series, to be used for Intelsat's worldwide
network. [Text] [Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 6 Oct 79 p 12]
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FOUGA-90 FLIES--The first prototype of the Fouga-90 aircraft, which was
equipped with new Turbomeca Astafan IVG motors of 790 kilograms thrust each,
flew for the first time using said motors on 26 September at Saint Nazaire.
Takeoff took 17 seconds and performance with the new motors is better by 10
percent approximately than that obtained with the first-generation Astafan. _
The aircraft will be reequipped then transferred to the CEAM [Center for
Military Aircraft Experimentation] at Mont-de-Marsan in 1980. [Text] [Paris
' LE MONITEUR DE L'AERONAUTIQUE in French Nov 79 pp 6-7]
JAGUAR D~ZIVERIES, IMPROVEMENTS--Of the 200 Jaguar aircraft made for the
French Air Force, 170 have already been delivered, with 130 being Jaguar-A
single-seaters and 40 being Jaguar-E two-seaters. Thirty more Jaguars are
thus still to be delivered. These remaining 30 aircraft in the series will
be able to accept laser-guided weapons in the form of two AS-30 missiles.
Attempts now underway to improve the Jaguar deal mainly with a simplified
automatic pilot perfected by the SFENA, and it is planned later to adapt the
more powerful Adour H-58 motor to the Jaguar and modernize the weapons system. '
[Text] [Paris LE MONITEUR DE L'AERONAUTIQUE in French Nov 79 p 6]
PETROLEUM CONTRACT RENEWAL--The CFP (French Petroleum Company) has high ' _
hopes of being able to renew its long-term supply contracts with Iraq. ~
Nothing has as yet been settled but Iraq's leaders have let it be known ; -
that th ey are well disposed in this respect. [Text] [Paris LA LETTRE DE
L'EXPANSION in French 29 Oct 79 p 5]
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COUNTRY SECTION ITALY
PLAN TO REFORM WORKING HOURS FOR CIVIL SERVANTS
Milan IL CORRIERE DELLA SERA (Economic Supplement) in Italian 11 Oct 79
p 13
[Article by Benito Carobene, assisted by Carlo Majello]
[Text] A revolutiflnary, still top-secret proposal is
on Civil Service Minister Giannini's desk. It
contains a plan to break.up the government wor-
kers' day with a lunch hour. The purpose of
the move is to increase productivity and create
new jobs. Salaries will be raised, but nobody
will be able to moonlight or engage in other _
work for pay. ~
The working day of Italy's civil servants is about to be revo-
Iutionized. The plan is already sketched out in some detail.
When it takes effect, it will have a profound impact on the
life-styles of both government worlcers and all other citizens
who, in one~way or another, have to deal with government offi-
ces. Let's see what the situation is.
The Civil Service Minister, questioned on the plan, replied:
"It is too soon to release any details." The fact is, though,
that a draft plan to restructure government workers' working
days is ready now, save for the finishing touches. And it is -
a truly revolutionary plan for Italy's civil service, who for -
f ar too long have been accustomed to putting in their time at
the desk in comfortable naps.
The restructuring now under consideration is designed to achieve
two goals: increase Civil Service productivity, and lay the
groundwork for more jobs (which will, to be sure, bring about ~
the best possible utilization of people already in government).
The project, ~vhich as of now is still top aecret, was drafted
by a study commission made up of high officials in the.Civil
Ser�rice and by docents and experts from the staff of Mr Giannini,
a university professor and a scholar of administrative matters.
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. r~x ~rrl~ttu, u~~ uNLr
Insof ar as we could find out now, the main provi~ions of the plan
are these: a short work week, morning and afternoon hours, eco-
nomic incentives to induce public servant s not to look for moon-
light jobs (something which the current straight-through workday
actually encourages). Reorganization of the workday would come
about in two phasesa Initially, the workday would be legally
defined (this might be done within the master plan for govern-
ment employees which should shortly be approved by Parliament).
In this connection we can say only that at the ministry they are
thinking in terms of a�0-hour week, although the unions want a
36-hour-a-week ceiling.
When that is done, it would be up to individual contract negotia-
tors to write in the details of the shift s designed to spread the
requisite number of hours over the span of the week. It is clear
_ even now that the requirements vary from one office to another. -
In some cases, such as the service agencies and the post office, ~
the split shift is practically indispensable. For ministries, '
too, it might be very helpful to arrive at a split shift arrange-
ment that in practical application would cover the whole of the
workirig day. In this case, though, prQVision must be made to ,
give government workers all the amenities (such as cafeteria fa-
cilities) already available to many workers in the private sector.
. One thing that is certain is that, in addition to the studies ~
now going oii in the ministry Giannini heads, other' ministries ,
are busily studying and analyzing the problem in commissions set
up for the purpose. We managed to get a look at two documents
developed by two other ministries. Even though these studies,
like everything connected with this whole business, are kept '
. strictly secret, we can provide something by way of a preview.
The first of these reports says: the length of the workday must '
t>~ke into account the kind of work being done, the requirements
; of users, and the family needs of the workers themselves. The
_ workday may be: straight through, with brief breaks; split '
(into morning and afternoon); or flexible (with all hours on
the job falling during the hours of peak productivity). The same
docwnent, though, underscores the presence of a number of con- ~
textual requirements having to do with social services: schools,
shelters, nursing homes, daycare centers, and canteens and cafe- '
terias. i
This study, too, stresses the advantages that would stem from ~
the re~tructured workday:
;
A. elimination of overtime, or its reduction to rare and excep-
tional occasions;
_ . ~
B. elimination of moonlighting and of unreported paid work; ~
~
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C. reduction of absent eeism;
D. a chance at last of getting a governm~ent work fc~rce truly
at the service of citizen users.
Let's move on now to look at the study conducted by the second
ministry, which opens with the statement that as of now, the
workweek, as applied in most government offices, permits at
least $0 percent of government workers to hold down a second
and sometiraes even a third job. This being the case, says the
document, government employees tend not to devote excessive zeal
or diligence to the tasks assigned them at the office, but aave
their energy for the job in the private sector where employers
~ generally are f ar more demanding. The private sector, let us
bear in mind, unlike the government, maintains continuous super-
vision over the quantity and quality of work performed.
This whole situation gives rise to the necessity for standardiz-
ing the workweek at 40 hours, spread over $ days: 4 hours in
the morning and 4 hours in the afternoon, with one hour off for
lunch.
As for part-time work, the authors of the st udy report feel it
would be advisable to reg"v.late it too, as is done in other Euro-
pean countries. They suggest something along these lines:
A. in exceptional cases and for properly documented reasons (of
a family, health, or educational nature), an employee could be
permitted to perform his assigned duties on a part-time basis
(permission to do so would be granted for a year at a time, and
might be renewed annually up to a maximum of 3 years);
B. a worker on part-time would be required to be on the job daily
for a length of time equal to half his usual workday;
C. throughout the period in question remuneration should be half of that
for full-time work;
D. the worker on short hours would not be permitted to engage
in other remunerative work, but would retain his seniority for
purposes of in-grade salary increases and promotions.
In both the studies we saw there was reference to the possibility
of achieving here in It aly what is already standard practice in
other countries (such as North America): working woraen could be
placed on inactive status for a period of from $ to 1$ years, and
then reinstated in grade at the end of tha~ period.
But just what is the situation right now? Theoretically, civil
servants work a 4`l-Hour week, broken into 6 days per week, al-
though in practice that works out at 36 hours in a 6-day week.
The single continuous workday "for government offices and pub~
lic agencies in the capital" was established by decree in 1939�
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~ That particular measure has been challenged repeatedly, both be-
fore the Council of State and before the Constitutional Court,
but in every case it has been upheld. To be precise, it was al-
tered only by removal of the requirement (included in the origi-
naZ decree ) that all government officials working in Rome spend
4 hours in the office on Sundays as we11. Those who ac ~t~ally
work a 40-hour week are manuAl workers in the civil service, in
the autonomous state-owned coi~porations (except for some special
cases), firemen, hospital staff personnel, workers employed by
paragovernmental agencies, a~d those working for some local pub-
lic agencies. Workers employed in regional of�ices work anywhere
from 36 to 38 1/2 hours a week.
- Things get a bit more complicated when it comes to teachers~ be-
cause of the necessary distinction between hours in school and
- hours actually spent in teaching: no teacher can stand before
a class the whole time he or she is in school~ but each of them
must devote time to ather activities connected with the job.
in any case, though, we must remember that an hour of actual
teaching is a lot more demanding than an ordinary hour in the
office, during which one might even make a phone call. ~
Fxecut;ives are covered by a 19~2 presidential decree which prov-
ides that the workweek established for all civil servants.shall
be increased by 10 hours per week, to be distributed according
~ to the dict ates of the job.
Senior executives and those who have special skills, in cases
where the service dictates it, are required to work even beyond
the statutory workday without any additional or special compen-
sation.
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How Many Workers Are Affected
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Workers ?irectly affected by the proposed measures exceed 3.5 million,
but thez,r number is destined to grow. In fact, as the graph shows, their
n~nber increases xegularly: for each year the vertical lines show, from
, left to right, the employees of the state administration, o= the provincial
agencies and other public agencies (in thousands). The central curve,
however, shows how the percentage of all the above-mentioned employees
varies in respect to the total number of employed workers.
COPYRIGHT: 1979 Editoriale de1 "Corriere della Sera" s.a.s.
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