JPRS ID: 74671 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200020056-6
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 111
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 56
• Content Type: REPORTS

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29 NOVEMBER i9T9 i OF 2
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- JPRS 74671 =
= 29 November 1979 ~
:
= r / rth A~Eric~ Re or~t _
~ea ~a~t No
p
- No. 2050 ~
~ ~
= F~~$ FOR~IGN BROAL~CAST iNFORAIIATlOlV SERVIC~ ~
~
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_ ~
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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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sos~a -io~
REPORT DOCUMEN7ATION 1. REVORT NO. 2. 3. R~cipient's Accessfon No.
PAGE I JPRS 74671
litle enA SubtRle...' 5 RsOoR Data _
NT:AIt [~.AS'1'/N~lt'I'FI AI~RT(:A itl?PORT, No. 2050 29 November 1979
6. -
7. Author(sl B. PeAOrm~nQ OiQanllaUon Hept. N~+
V. 1'r~(~nudiy~ lh�~nlreUu? Nninr �nrl Addra.~.~._~...-- _ ' 10~I'rula~l/f~sk/WmM Unll ND
Jotnt Put,l.Ica~t.ons Kesearcl~ Service _
lODU Nortl~ Glcbe Road IL ContracUC) or Grant(G) No.
Arl.i.ngton, Virginia 22201
cc~
12. Sponsoring Organixatian Name and Address IZ, Type o( Report d. Pe~iod Covered V
~S above 14.
I5. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
This serial repor.t contains infermation on socioeconomic, government, politir_al,
and technical developments in the countries of the Near East and North Africa.
17. Uocumr.nt llnalysis a. Descriptors ~
Politi_cal Science X Inter-Arab Affairs Libya Sultanate
Sociolo~y North A�rican x Mauritani.l of Oman
Economics Affairs x Morocco xSyria
Culture (Social X Afglidnistan People's Demo- xTunisia
Sciences) A].geri� cratic Republic United Arab
Fthnolo~y Bahrain of Yemen Emirates
- Geogra~~liy x F~yPt Persian Gulf xWestern Sahara
'T~~cho]osical x Iran Area xYemen Arab
Military Sciences �raq x Qatar Republic
x Israel Saudi Arabia
Jordan i Spanish Nortli
x Kuwait Africa
� Lebanon Sudan
b. Identitien/Open�Ended Terms
c. CdSA71 Fleld/GrouD 5~ ~ 5C f 5K f 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ -
18. ~veilabil~ty St~lement ^ 19. Security Ciass (This RepuR) 21. No. ol Psges
Ur~l.:iroit:c.~d Availabili.ty UNCLASS1:FIrD 106
SO~.Cj rJ~' N~rJS 20. Securiry Cir.ss (This Pagc) 22. Price
S~~ringi:ield, Virginia 22161 IINCLASS~FIED _
(SEeAN51-Z39.18) Se~ Inctr~ettoni on Reverse OPTIONAI. ~QRM 272 14-11i
(ioimerly hilS-351
Deparlment oi Cumint~.e
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JPRS 74671
- 29 Nove*+lber 1979 ~
NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT -
No. 2050
CONTEIvTS PAGE
INTER-ARAB AFFAIRS
Palestinian Front ai; Home Criticizes Jordanian-PI,O Committee
(Suhayl Khalil; AI~-HURRIYAH, 8 Oct 79) ............o... 1
A.FGHANISTAN
Amin Message on UN Anniversaxy
(Kabul Domestic Service, 23 Oct 79) 10
~ Part I, by Hafizollah Amin -
Part II
EGYPT
J Trial of Syrian Saboteur in Cairo
('Ala' Ra.f'at; AI~-AHI-iBAR, 2 Nov 79) 13
Proposed Constitutional Amendments I7iscussed
( Salah al-Hafnawi.; AL-JiJN~iURIYAH, 27 Oct 79 ) . . . , . . 15
_ ~lections for University Student Unions Postponed
(Mas'ud al-Hinnawi; AZ-JUNI~NRIYAH, 21~ Oct 79) 19
Prosecution of Defendants in 1977 Riots Completed
('Ala' Rizq; AZ-AI~IBAR, 2L~ Oct 79) 21
- Short Biographies of Expected Future Leaders of Journalism
Provided
(AI~-JU;~iURIYAH, 25 Oct 79) 23
Alexandria Local Council Opposes Propased Loca~ion for~
Nuclear Power Station
- ('Abd al-Wahhab Mursi; AKHBAR AL-YAT~I, 3 Nov 79) 39 -
- a - [III - NE & A - 121]
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CONTEIdTS (Continu~:d) Page
Br:Lefs
Mini~ter .f'or Radio, Television L~1
LRAN
_ Shah's Trip to U.S. Believed Medically Unnecessary
(EXCELSIOR, 28 Oct ?9) Lt2 -
Chronicle of Organized Political Activity
- (ETTEI,A'AT, 16, 19 Aug 7y) L~3
Mojahedin Khalq's Statement
- Five Political Organizations
~ Statement by Moslem Paxty -
Statement by Malek Ashtax Group
Islam~.c Revolutionary Mojaheds
Anniversary of Fatemeh Amini's Death
Open Letter to Prime Minister
- Nationalization of Industries
~ Establishment of Homafar Mojahed Organization
National Democratic Front Charges
Proposed Islamic ~ont for Poor =
Doctors, Nurses Support Mojahed~.n Khalq -
-~-L~ Tehran Teachers~ Statement
Moslem Teachers Movement
Tehran Industrial University Demands
Kordestan Situation Viewed by Leaders
(~I11S1Y~ 12 Sep 79) e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c~~~~~~~~� ~7 -
Briefs
Mihandustan Party I,etter 54
- Political Organizations Not To Demonstrate 54
National Front Regret 54
Supporting Qods Day 5~
Women's Democratic EstablisYm~ent 55
Mardom Party on Elections 55
_ Movement of Moslem F~ghters 55 -
Iranian Society of Cooperation With Palestine 55
Tohidi Party Warning 55
Massive Paxticipation 56
_ Fedayee Khalq Statement 56
Honoring Samad Behrangi 56
Political Prisoners~ Society 57
~ - b -
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CONTENTS (Con-~inund) P lge
ISRAEL
Autonorqy Plan a Year After Camp David Assessed
(HA'ARETZ, 21 Sep 79) 58
Egyptian Assessment of the Middle East Situation Reviewed
(HA'ARETZ, 12 Sep 79) 63
Weizman Appoints Jurists To Examine Shamgar Corrunittee
- Recorrmiendati on s
(Jerusalem Domestic Service, 9 Nov 79) 66
Defense Ministry Denies Reports on Abolition of
Coordinator's Post
(Jerusalem Domestic Television Service, 15 Nov 79) 67
Brief s
October Immigration Figures 68
Trade Deficit Rises 68 '
Bedouins Compensated Withdrawal 68
Oil Imports Statistics 68
Press Readership F~.gures 69
KUWAIT
U.S. Arms to Israel Belie Desire for Peace
- (Editorial; AI,-RAY AI~-'AMNi, 16 Sep 79) 70
Threat To Export Iranian Revolution Deplored
(Editorial; AI,-RAY AI,-'ANIl~'!, 17 Sep 79) 71 ~
Dangers Facing Arab World Noted on Camp David Anniversary _
(Editorial; AL-RAY AI~~-AMM, 18 Sep 79) 73
MAURITANIA
Development of Eastern Hodh Depends on Exploitation
of Underground Wells
(cx~, 17 oct 79) 75
Bri ef s ~
Iron Ore Exports 79
, Port Construction 79
Federal Front of South 80 -
- c -
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CONTENTS (Continued) Pa~;e _
MOROCCO -
Libyan Good Will Called For in Implementing Agreements -
_ (Editorial; L'OPINION, 27 Sep 79) 81
Manpower, Social Security Agreements Signed With Libya
(L'OPINION, 27 Sep 79) 83
Health Agreement Signed With China -
(L'OPINION, 27 Sep 79) 84
QATAR
Briefs 85 _
- July Oil Prodttction
SYRIA
USSR Military Aid Discussed 86
(Jorg Stocklin; LE FIGARO, 17 Oct 79)
Brief s ~ja
Treatment of Political Prisoners 88
Syria-CSSR Energy Cooperation
TUNISIA _
Foreign Minister Fitouri Discusses MaghreU Situation
(Mohamad Fitouri Interview; L'OPINION, 26 Sep 79) 89
WESTERN SAHARA
POLI5ARI0 Presents Saharans Captured During Smara Qperation
(LE MONDE, 16 Oct 79) 92
yII~IEEIv ARAB REPUBLIC
Opposition Elements Said To Be Organizing Against Regime _
(AL-HUR.RIYAH, 22 Oct 79) 95
~ Information Minister on Democratic Process, National Unity
(Yahya al-'Arshi Interview; AL NNSTAQBAL, 20 Oct 79) � 99 .
-d- -
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_ :cn~rER-flRll13 MI~'/1:LI;;
PALLSTINIAN FRONT AT HOME CRITICIZES JORDANIAN-PLO COMNNUTTEE
Beirut AL-HURRIYAH in Arabic 8 Oct 79 pp 22-24 ~
[Article by Suhayl Khalil: "Is Joint Jordanian-Palestinian Committee a
Comtnittee to Bolster or to Fragment Steadfastness; Jordanian Regime, Inr;tead
of PLO, Strengthens Its Positions With Steadfastness M.onies; PLO Leader:~hip
_ Required to Take Serious Critical Pause Toward P~sitions of Palestinian Side
and to Correct Committee's Course; National Fr~~nt`s Observations on Joi~~t ~
Committee; Palestinian National Front at Home Demands Correction of Its
- Relationship With PLO; National Front Is Only Channel Linking PLO Wi~,h
Occupied Territories; It Is Required That Relations With Opportunists Well-
Known for Their Suspect Connections With Palestinian People`s Enemies Be
Cut Off; Verbati.m Text of Memorandum of National Front at Home ~;o PLO"]
[Text] In its latest meecing, the PLO Fxecutive Committee rejected a
Jordanian proposal to u.nite the universities and higher institutes of the
West Bank and Gaza Strip under the banner of a new university to be set
up in Jerusalem under the direct control of the Jordanian Ministry of -
Educatioii. The Jordanian side to the Joint Jordanian-Palestinian Commii;-
tee for Bolstering the Steadfastness of the Occupied Territories submiti;ed
the proposal and was able to persuade the PLO representatives to ~
_ present this proposal to the PIA leadership for approval.
Sources close to the PLO Executive Committee have pointed out that the
refusal is due to two major factors:
That this sly proposal, which was submitted on the pretext of developinf; _
the educational conditions in the occupied territories, comes within thE:
context of the feverish attempts being made by the regime to find inlets
to the occupied territories and to create institutions operating under
its control, thus bolstering its political influence which has been con�-
tained and reduced by the national and progressive, forces in these are~LS,
led by the National Front. These forces have also isolated the regime':~
_ men advocating locally ~;he spread of this influence, such as Anwar Nusa;rbah,
Anwar al-Khatib, HilQnat al-Misri, Ilyas Ftxrayj and others.
1
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Mor�eovF.r�, this propocal pra~ctically overs teps the authority supervising the
_ ec7.~_icati.orial and teaching conditions in the occupied Palestinian territories,
namel~/ the Higher Educational Council which includes within its framework
i.t~e be~-t c~.dres and experts in Palestinian national education, as well as
i�~~F~r�c~;;cnl.a~,:iv~~s o1' till tiie url:iver�sities arid hi~her and middle-l~v~l. :in:,ti-
Lut~:, ur~c1 represeiit~.i;ive~s oi' l,hc ~vac�i.ous ii~,tiorial arid pro~ressive poli~.ical
iricliiiations and cur7�en ts . Ttie said sources have also poini,ed ou~: that i;tie
PLO Executive Committee has again stressed that the Higher Educational
Coancil in the occupied territories is the sole channel through which and -
with which the PLO actually coordinates approval of all educational affairs
= in the~e territories.
- Penetr~.tion Attempt and Containment Attempt
The attempt to contain the universities and institutes of the West Bank and
Gaza Strip and to place them under the wings of the Jordanian ministries and
~overnment agencies is not the first at;empt through which Amman's Govern-
ment ha.s tried to penetra~e the occupied territories and to enhance its
influence there. The Jerusalem Electricity Company--part of whose concession
- some lackey elements (IlyG.s ~rayj~ tried to sell to the Israelis vtith
Jordanian approval but the national forces were able at the time to foil the
deal--is another example and there are numerous other examples.
An observer of the Joint Jordanian-Palestinian Committee which was forme d
- several months ago by a resolution taken at the Baghdad summit to distribute
the steadfastness funds to the occupied territories discovers quickl,y that
t:here is a big flaw in this committee's course of action and i.ts directives.
This flaw reaches at times serious limits that cause the gravest harm to the
people's cause and to the steadfastness of the part of the people living
under occupation and limits that strongly undermine their morale and dignity.
This comes from the fact that the directives and resolutions undermining the
Palestinian struggle are adopted with the approval of the Palestinian side
~ ~~hich is headed by a member of the PLO Fxecutive Committee. _
The ta.lk about "serious limits" does not emanate from the "exposure" of the
Jordanian regime's annexation intentions, from its constant, desire to creai;e
a foothold for itself in the occupied PalE:stinian territories and from its
engaging in sabota.ge against the national forces and institutions. These
are old and completely known intentions and aspirations that constitute _
fundamentally the justification for the regime's existence and the essence
of its historical task. The danger lies in the fact that this regime`s
representatives are always able to persuade the Palestinian side in the
joint committee of the proposals that the regime presents on "how" to spend
the funds allocated by the Baghdad [summit] for the occupied territories,
not to mention the quantitative issues.
Observers inside the occupied territories, including the national institu-
tions, the municipal councils and the nation~.l and progressive forces and
personalities, are unanimous that the institutions and the individuals
2
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I'ollowing the Jordanian regime in one way or another ge~L ~tne lion's share
of t;he~e monies. There are numerous national ins~Litutions around which
thr~re i:; an iron siege throu~h which no form of aid penetrates to these
ir~stitut;ions as a result of the Jordanianside`s determination and the .
F'~ile~ tinian side ` s indulgetice .
Un the other hand, protests of various forms and tones are s-Lill comin~ in
s~zccession from the occupied F'alestinian terri~,ories over trie comrnittee's
_ work, the'outcome of its efforts and the Palestinian si'c'~ unjustifiab?_e
relinquishment of the demands of the national insti~;ui;ions supporting i;t~e
PIA. Actually, the national institutions well-knowri for their lo,yal~Ly ~~,o
the P~,O and for resisting and fighting the occupation daily ~,re denieci c~11
forms of aid. Moreover, major municipal councils, such as the Nabulus
Municipal Council, are denied aid despite the enormit,y of their economi~:
problems for no reason other than the national position they adopt ~;owarcl
the Jordanian regime--a position about which the least that can be said is
that it is one of wbiding by the PLO program and by the Palestinian Na~tioiial
Couricil's resolutions. Halhul Municipality is still awaiting aid even
though it presented months ago its plans and projects to the joint commit~;ee
_ that has even refused to receive ttiem. 'I`he reason is the same [as above].
Big charitable societies and ~opular and social organizations have been
given no aid whereas small organizations and closed clubs follawing the
Jordanian regime, in the person of the individuals supervising them, receive
endless aid Trom this ''joint" committee. This is happeni:~g at a~;ime when
the national institutions are exper3encing conditions that make tk~em in the
direst need of this aid which was funda.mentally allocated for them ut the
Baghdad summit--both the aid received and the aid not received.
'I'he goals ~f the Jordanian regime are fully clear. As a result, of the
rightist Palestinian concessions made in the Jordanian-Palestinian dialogue
and of taking advantage of the absence of serious Palestinian pressure, the
Jordanian side is able to use its geographic location and the influence
~ given to it "free of charge" by the Palestinian side in the joint committee
and tries to blackmail and subjugate the national institutions, the social
councils and the popular organizations. The regime is working openly and ~
flagrantly on the basis of the rule "lessen your loyalty to the PLO and you
will get financial aid fcr your institutions." The regime is enabled to
play this role by the complete silence of the Palestinian side in this com-
mittee--a silence for nothing in return. -
It is truly an astonishing surprise that this committee is turned, as a
result of the domination of the Jordanian side over it [sic], into a factor
for besieging and containing the national forces and institutions in the ~
occupied territories in an attempt to subjugate them and make them swerve
from their struggle goals, instead of the opposite.
Thus, and as a result of the lack of experience and knowledge with the con-
ditions of the occupied territorie~ by the Palestinian side in the joini,
committee and ~,s a result of the for?nation of this committee and the
- 3
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i ni i,:iui.,.i~~ti oC i i,.; worl: 4rittioui, pr�:i.or deL~~r�m:inatiori ol' its ti.~~l~s l~,y tti~ PLU
c;,, t;}~~ I~u;,.i:~ al' cle~,z� ~~~~l.i.~.i~,al ciireci;i.o?~.~, tli~ Jordariian side is ~.ble to -
i rnj~u.,~~ ci.~.i ly .'~~Lc plari:, ari~ 1~U~Ll: t;r�wdually ucicl wii.li ttie opcri appr~val oi'
_ i,lic I't.eJ_c:,tiriiai~ : icl~.
Ir~ t.}~i~ context, it, i~ not ~u1�prising that ~;he Palestinian National Froni;
ha:~ comc out with a sharply-worded message warning the PLO leadership of
continuation of the joint committee's work in its present form and callin~
f'o.r abolition of all the resolutions adopted by this committee and for re- -
1'orming the Palestinian side in the committee to include all the resistance
factions so as to guarantee that the committee's work will proceed in accord-
ance with the Palestinian people's true interests as embodied by the national
forces, institu~;ions and councils at home, led by the National b~ront.
Now that the National Front has urged the PLO leadership to take a serious
~ critical pause toward the cor~cessions made by the Palestinian side to ttie
joint committee and to put an end to these concessions, the democratic,
progressive and national forces inside the PLO ar.e required to play a major -
and important role in this regard--a role based on the need for serious
intervention and for pressure with all the means to expose the intentions,
actions and annexation ambitions of the Jordanian regime. This i~ole should
al:,o bc baNed on designing the joint committee's work in such a manner as ~
- i.o trunsl'orm it i;ruly into a commi~;tee for bolstering the national steadfast-
ness in the occupied territories and not a committee for fragmenting cr
wasting this steadfastness and on recommi~;ting Jordan to the role set for it
~ at the Baghdad summit--namely the role of coordinator and not of a partner
and of a decision-maker in the issue of distributing these monies to the
institutions, councils and popular organizations in the occupied territories. -
This should be done so that the Palestinian side ~nay turn into the sole ~
decision-making side that directs this steadfastness operation in accordance
with the Palestinian people's national interests and goals.
National Front's Observations Concerning Joint Corrmiittee
l. The Palestinian National Front rejects completely the Jordaniari rol~~ in _
the joint co~nittee and demands that this role be reduced to its size iti
accordance with the Baghdad su~it resolutions that have defined Jordan's
role as that of a coordinator and not of a partner.
_ 2. The Palestinian side`s ceding of the Ba.gh::n,d summit resolution to tlie
Jordanian side has given the latter a bigger role than that of the Pale::tinian ;
side. Moreover, the c~aily actions within the framework of the joint cotunittee
intensify the Jordanian side's domination of the committee and weaken tt~e
Palestinian side`s role in it.
_ 3. The Palestinian National Front demands the abolition of the present
~ structure of the joint committee and calls for fo~~rning the Palestinian
side of all the Palestinian or~anizations and forces, pr~ovided that each ~
~
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or~;ac~ization i: represented by an individual with sufficient knowlecige of
i.hc cond~i~,ione of the occupied ~:erritories so tha~: the pos:itiori of the
l.'~,,:I f~r.1, i r~ i ar~ sid~~ may beuome ~.he stronger .
'I'h~~ I'ri.l~~;,l,itiitiri Ntii,i~>>it~.1 i~'r�ciiiL r~',')~~~~i,,; l',li~� t1r;r~~c~ut~~r1L^ Lltul. luav~~ l~~,r,t~
~ r~~ae.�lie~.i t~y ~;lie: joint committee arid that act, ~ritli the k~lessitigs o1' Llie
Palestinian side, to tie all our national institutions in the occupied
t:erritories with the Jordanian governmental departments because these
a~reements sabotage the Palestinian National Front`s accomplishments oi'
keeping these institutions out of the reach of the J~ordanian regime and
its annexation policies throughout all these years of struggle.
The Jordanian regime is spending, with a Palestinian cover, the stead-
fastness monies freely on its lackeys and men in the occupied territories
so as i;o build bridges of trust and to establish relations with -Lhe inha.b- -
itants of the occupied territories and to harass, in return, our nationa.l
institutions, to obstruct their enhancement and to deny them any aid.
F,. When the joint committee is changed, the Palestinian National Front
can offer the Palestinian side help and assistance through its responsi-
bilit,y to present a ~omplete plan capable of strengthening the economic
re~ources and the national institutions in a manner that bolsi;ers the
r�e:;i:;i;a.nce, rtruggle and steadfastness of our people and that prevents
tfle containment of our people and the disi~ortion of their march.
7. The Nationa.l Front supplies the Palestinian side with detailed informa-
tion on the municipal and village councils and the other authorities and
on their inclinations and needs and makes proposals in this regard. [as
p!zbli shed]
Palestinian National rront at Home Demands Correction of It's Relations
with PLO:
~ Sources close to the PLO Executive Committee have revealed that the leader-
ship of the Palestinian National Front in the Occupied Territories, which -
is the organization's [PL~J's] political arm in these areas, addressed in .
the last third of last Septemb er a message to the PLO Executive Committee
containing critical observations on the "indetermirate relationship the
PLO and the Palestinian National Fron~ at Home," ac.cording to these
- sources which also pointed out that the message contained observations to
the same effect concerning the work and course of the Joint Jordanian-
_ Palestin~.an Committee which was formec~ by a Baghdad su~nit resolution to -
distribute the steadfastness monies allocated by that summit. -
_ On the first issue, the observations expressed by the front on the rela~;ion-
- ship with the PLO demanded that this relationship be corrected and that the
observations be discussed officially on the basis of taking a serious crit-
ical pause toward the?~--a pause reflected mainly in the need that the "National
5
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,
l~r~~~1, I~~~ ~~on;;icl~~r~~cl i,hc~ :.olc F~olitic~ul in,^trimient o1' i,he PLO ici i,lr fe~r of wholc~sale desertions and mutiny within the r;rmy.
The Egyptians are highly pleased with the complicated situation in ~oliich ~
Assad finds himself. Against this background it is easy to understand
why they are so placid and unconcerned about the IDF actions in Lebanon.
It has been gi~en assurances that Israel does not covet any territory
there. It knows that Israel is not interested in the disintegration and
partition of Lebanon. Cairo does not regard it as calamitous when the
Syrian Air Force is defeated in combat or that Damascus cannot provide _
adequate protection for the PLO from IDF attacks. -
In Cairo they estimate that is is merely a matter of time ti~l Assad's
regime will be toppled. Those who will succeed him will be persuaded
that the natural position of Syria should be on the Egyptian side and not
� the Iraqi. Perhaps then Damascus will join the peace pro~ess and adopt
the Egyptian political stance whose objective is to rescue the West Bank
from Israeli control and establish a Palestinian entity in that territory.
According to the perception in Cairo there are encouraging signs even in
Saudi Arabia. This despite the fact that Riyad has joined the circle of
E~yptian detractors. Saudi Arabia is prepared to make 'under the table' -
arrangements with Egypt. ~dithin Saudi Arabia itself there are signals
that portend trouble. We hear news of pipelines being exploded. The
authorities fear the formation of an underground movement and the expansion
of radicalism. Saudi Arabia is not similar to Iran, but internal changes
may occur there as well. The royal family is as well aware as is the king -
of rforocco that should the need arise to seek assistance in the struggle
against radicals in the Arab world there is but one address to turn to and
that is Egypt.
This is the realistic situation. It is a mistaken policy f~r Saudi Arabia
to lean on Iraq and other radical Arab states. If Riyad will seek help
_ in a time of distress it is reas anable to assume that it wi 11 turn to Egypt
even before it comes to the United States. This despite the fact that it
is fearful of the extremist elements in the Arab world. In the final
analysis it must come to terms with Egypt.
- tn Cairo's apiniorn this is the trend. This is the inevitable direction.
It may take time for it to show the desired results but at the finale
approval will be accorded to the political process Egypt has begun.
In such a situation Hussein will not feel apprehensive about ~oining the
negotia~ions. He will do so with alacrity in order to preempt the PLO.
In the Egyptians' opinion Hussein does not require persuasian. He will
find his way as soon as Syria and Saudi Arabia remove their opposition.
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L~rae.l. however wili have to be persuaded after the lapse of 5 years that
~hE~ permanent sa.Lution of the jdest Bank problem lies with the Jordanian-
Palestinian axis and not with the concept of an independent autonomy.
~};,iln::l ct~~~ I~;irlc};rc~uncl r~f ~l~[r: i?};ypti~~n .znnly5i:~ of the Hiriintiun lt l~~~c~?m~~H -
easy t~~ understand why Calro r4acts so calmly to the time factor; why it
feels no urgency i.n r_1.~erlivr riie ti}-ri,u~ leaJr.rs contii~ue to plead tirelessly for the
r~.�~ :c,~l~l i::iuucnt uC a~,tr.~t~~~;ir c~{uilibriwu, WI11.C~1 seems tu thri~~ to be compro-
iu~ ~l i~~~ thc sign i f i ~~n,t. ~l t tvrrics ot ~tincri~.an weapons to lsrael . "llow can
n~~~~~t iate frum ~i I~c~tiitie~n ~~i' tacakr.ess," asks a highly-i~lacccl leacler froiu
L{a,~s, ".~n~l IJll~lt arc ~~c t~~ tf~iiik of thc lJnitc~l States' attitu~lc, wlic~l thcy not
~nl~~ }~r~.~~,os~~ shamcful ,~~.:ace, hut let Israel sprea~i terror in South Lebanon?"
~ One ~:~r tlic arg~uueiit, cl~~~clol,c:l iti this COIIP.Ct'.110I1 leaas one to stippose that if
tfll'I'l' I ti 1111 LIII(>::titi(' IR I ~1C ~911i)11Cf1t:01: ~lt t~1C ~.31111) ~1,1V1(~ E1C1:01'(1S Sllcl i.l F;Il1UC
cri~is I~ctw~e?i hsshinktc>>? anc! J~~rusalcn?, the israeli aJmi~listr.ation might bc
tanptecl to figiit, if not ~ut a~t c~ul t~, the Syx�iaii artny, whic}i is still, tu
_ this ~ia}~, thc m~in pillar of t.hc rcgi!nc in po~aer in lla~nascus.
l:~actly where cluc5 tlii.ti ~~uy~ stai~.1?. ~ltiwugli its. ad~tenture:.in Lebanon harcily
aftecte~l troo~~ murale (~i i sc~.~~line is something else) , it i~ really difiicult,
si~ yc:ars ~iftc;r the last Israeli-Arab COI1tI1Ct~ to gauge its capacity. Last
~ mo~it}1 four M1G 21's wcrc urought down south of Beirut by lsracli 1~-15's. Five
~~lanes ot that ty~~e haa suffered tlie same fate in Juiie over Saida (South Leb-
an~~ci) . Syria, sciys a l~iuster~l source, has some 300 MIG "?]'s in a position, if
it were liot for tlicir weak Sov~.et missiles, to hold their own against Israel
a
~Vhen tl?ese planes arc brought dowu they are systematically replaced, on Libya's
i~l.itiative, ~vitli (~9IG 21's of a more recent model. In additiuii to tlie h1IG 17's
anu 1s.~'s (about GU all tolcl) and the ~round-attack Sukkoi ~50), the Syrian air
~orce has about GU MiG 23's. A iormation of tliese aircraft, the Israelis re-
vealed, recently engaged i~i combat in Sou*h Lebanon against P-15's. Th~ Israeli
pilots evaded tlte combat. About ?0 MIG 25's, finally, are buried in t}ieir
bases north of Syria. Is tliis enough to reassure Syrian flight commanders?
Presicie~~t /lssacl, an av:iator in this case, knows vPry well that he cannot allow
liir?iself to send ilis army~ to b~ ?vrecked witliout ultimately risking some backfire.
1:ftorts liave been made to satisfy the military. Thirty-six percent of the
total of the budget is reserved for army expenditures a~id security services.
In the space of five ycars Syria has acquireci 1,000 Soviet tanks (2,700 today),
one third of whicli are of the T 62 type. Between last May and last J~aly,
Mosco~v Selivered to the Syrians 100 T 72's, a model that nc~ other meniber of
tlie Warsaw Pact countries yet possesses. According to a rutired officer, .
quotecl by the daily T~CfiRINE, the 5yrian also has 1,i00 armored vehicles (there
wcre 1,000 in 1973) and "a large number of missiles, " ant.i-taiik, Soviet,
E'rench (tlte Milan) and Franco-German (the Hout). Western expei~ts are in agree-
ment in acknowledging, however, tliat the country's anti-aircraft defense is
too weak at the electronic level, that this involves the missiles with which
the h1IG interceptors are endoweu, the SAM 2, 3 or 6 ground batteries that pro-
tect Uamascus, or the radar system with which the air force is equiped.
One wonders, in th4t regard, about the circumstances that 1ed last week to -
intercepting an Israeli spy plane. That Fire Bee, which was circling at 1,000
km at the time, was brought down nortti of Damascus, probably by MIGs. In ~r~ak-
_ ing the affair public, the Jerusalem administration accusecl the Soviets of
- having reinforced co~isiderably t}ie Syrian territory's anti-aircraft surveillance.
8946
GSO: 4800
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SYRIA
li1ZIL'k~S
'l'EtL-'~1'C~iL;N1' OF POLI1'iCAL PRISONERS--On Wednesday 24 October Amnesty Internat-
ioiial publishecl a report in which it de~iounced the treatment in Syria of po-
- litical prisoners, nine of whom died under torture between 1975 and 1977.
"hlost ot tlle politi~al prisoners," it indicated, "are being held without. du~
process b~~ virtue uf the emergency law in effect for over ten years. Amne~ty
iiiternatioiial believes that the number of political prisoners who have not =
been tried is constantly over 350 and sometimes reaches 1,000. However, it ~s
liard to give precise figures because political arrests are performed by dif-
fcreiit branc}ies of tlie security forces, acting iridependent ly, and many ar-
rests are not officially recognized. Among the political ~~risoners are mem-
bers of t}le Muslim brotherhood, dissident members of the B:ias Party in power,
- Nasserians, Marxists, Kurds and Palestinians. The tortures inflicted on the -
prisaner~ during interrogation are increasingly severe. T}ie methods most of-
ten deiiowiced are blows, floggings, burnirig with cigarette lighters, gasoline
E~uured o~i the body and set afire, enactments of txecutions, immersion of the
victims to tfie point of suffocation and applica~ions of el~ctroshock to the
genitals. During the last two years about 30 executions h:ive taken place,
12 of ttiem public." [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in Fr.enc}i 26 Oct 79 p 5] 8~~46
SYRIA-CSSR ENERGY COOPERATION--Long time CSSR-Syrian cooperation in the
field of energy result�ed in construction of the largest Syrian thermoelectric ~
power station. Another ~le~tric power unit with a capacity oi 64 megawatts
is currently under construction. Thus the installation of power engineering
facilities from CSSR will come to tena of thotisands of dollars. Ttte total -
installed thermoelectric power capacity is about 400 megawatts. That means
that about one-third of [Syrian] elecCric pocver generation is obtained from
installarions built in CSSR, primarily by Skoda Sectoral Enterprise. [Text] _
[Plzen PRAVDA in Czech 26 Oc~ 79 p 1]
CSO: 1~800
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TUNISIA
FOREIGN MINISTER FITOURI DISCUSSES MAGHREB SITUATION
Rabat L'OPINION in French 26 Sep 79 pp 1, 10
[Interview with Tunisian Foreign Minister Mohamad Fitouri by Fatima
Belarbi--date and place not given]
[TextJ The foreign minister of Tunisia, Mr Fitouri, has just paid a
3-day visit to Morocco, during whicfi he spoke with several Moroccan
officials. The Tunisian minister, who was also received by H. M. King
- Hassan II Monday morning at Ifrane, gave the sovereign a mess age from
President Habib Bourguiba. :
Tne conversatior., which took place in the presence of the prime minister
and minister of justice, Maati Bouabid the minister of state for foreign
affairs and cooperation, M'hamed Boucetta, and counselors to H. H. the king,
Ahmed Guedira and Ain+~ed Ben-souda particularly addressed bi.lateral rela-
tions and the situation in our region.
It will be recalled tfiat Mr Fitouri came to Algeria a few days ag~, and was
received by the Algerian President Chadli Ben~edid. Tunisia, which under-
took to mediate betw~en Morocco and Algeria to try to find a solution to
the northwest African conflict~ hopes that reason, dialog and reflection
wi_11 carry the day over everything else, in the interests of peace and of
the development of the countries and peoples in tfie area.
The Tunisian foreign minister, who communicated to us his grief over the
fratricidal war setting Morocco against Algeria, nonethele~s makes no
secret of his optimism for the future. He told us it was ~ust a question
of time.
Here followsome questions which the iunisian minister was kind enough to
answer for us.
[Qu~stion) Mr Minister, how do you see the future of the P[aghreb, of
that area? _
[Answer] My vision is directed towards the future; and in Tunisia we are
_ optimistic. We hope that the region's future can only develop in peace and
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~ . ~ I

29 NOVEMeER i979 2 OF 2
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I
i c~r !=i~e sake. o: pcace, anci especially so tor our regions and for the various
cc~;~n~ries i.n oui� regiui~~, wCiicl; need that much more than anything else,
- i'~.~~,i5ia l~as al~rays wished that ttie virtues of the dialog might keep the
regiun clear or situations ti~aC would impede the bul.lding of a better future
(~r all Che s~~:~G u f tl~~~ rF~; i c~ii , .
[QuestionJ ~1r �~1i~lister, you ha~�~e ret c~ith President Ctiadli, you have j~fst
- had an audi~nce ~.ai th H. `t. the king, what arQ your impressions?
[~1ns~aer] 1 am optimistic.
(,)~t~_stion] The DesLOUrian Socialist Party has ~ust hel.d its tenth congress;
wliat ~aere the rest~lts?
[Answ~r] The D~stourian Socialist Party held its tenth congress a little -
over 2 weelcs ago. And as you know~, it is a congress held once every _
5 years. We helu it under the watchword "Fidelity and Progress;" first
of a11. fidelity to the principle of our party, which is one of the oldest
in tlie Third Wor.ld, and progress because tfiis session was to sum up tlie
- balance-sheet oF 10 years of c~ork in the social and economic sector in
whicti a constant progress has been achieved, not only as re~orded in ti~e
official reports issued by tile Tunisian author.ities, but above all from
the reports of the international institutions biased in no one's favor; I
- have in mind particularly the World Banlc.
It is therefore a dynamics of progress begun in 1970 to be summed up in
1979, dating back not to 1970 but rather to the last Congress held in
September 1974 at Monastir, tracing its path for the next 5 years. As for ~
_ the proceedings, they went for~:ard in a positive and well organized fashion,
and everyone who had something to say had the opportunity to speak. I
- ::as rapporteur tor a meeting of friendly parties from other countries, a
very important one, We received no less than 45 delegations; from Morocco
there were three delegationsrepresenting the three principal parties, and -
each one spoke, encouraging words truly addressing the effort accomplished
by the `Punisian Government and the Destourian Socialist Party, that greatly _
touched the hearts of. the congress participants and the Tuni~ian people.
Everyone appreciated thP high quality of the remarks made Uy our Moroccan
friends. The work was naturally done in plenary session, where the congress
members expressed themselves freely and broadly, then in c~~nmittees,
~ chiefly economic and social ones, which proc.eed~d to a minute examination
' of the country's economic and social evolution, government actions, and
the results achieved in the various domains, especially eduation, where
over one-third of the national budget is committed to the edqcational func-
tion, the public health function which also rereives a large part of the -
stat~ finan~ial effort; the socioeconomic sector considered one of the
priorities of government action; also placed in exergue was what we call _
social transferences, which constitute the best applicati.on of the idea of
- sociai justice and for which Tunisia is held up as an example for the
equality of opportunity for young people and for all expenditures of a
- social character, such as youth ar~d sports, culture, social affairs. All
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this ef.fort was cc~~.lii'ie~3 and evaluated at its true worth for the 5 years
past. The government's action in social matters, the rise in wage-levels
and ~he role of the General Compensation Fund [Caisse generale de compensa-
tionJ in protection and preservation of purcfiasing power, problems I
men~ion to indicate the topics of discussions r_hat took place either in -
plenary sessicin or at committee levei,
, 'I'fie gen�ral policy committee, which dealt with the evolution of our
rep~iblican institutions, and the action of the PSD [Destourian Socialist
Party] which always labored to bring about the consolidation of the -
1'epublicacl institutions that are the best guarantee of citizens' rights, ~
d~velopment, and the perenn:.ality of the Tunisian regime.
The third committee is concerned with foreign affairs, or more properly
geopolitics, in which we evaluated the quality of our work in this domain
i.n the past S years, and the appreciation occasioned by the foreign policy
conducted by Tunisia, President Bourgui~a, and his government, All this
~~as summed up in resolutions that were puBlished, an3 the Moroccan press
ran lengtl~y extracts.
These resolutio_s not only gave a political audit to domestic stewardship,
~ but also laid out the path to be followed for Lhe next 5 years. This path
is nothing but an encouragement to continue in the way we have taken up ta
now, which has shown itself to be a busy tharoughfare. _
- Fi~~ally there were the elections of the Centrai Committee of the party, in
which regional representation was respected and a remarkable fact was the
appearance of young university students.
All social categories were represented within the Central Committee, from
whicii President Bourguiba selected the members of the Pol~tburo,
fQuestion] Where did you get with the problem of the continental plateau
' which has Tunisia and Libya in opposition to one anoth~r?
[Answer] The problem of the continental plateau js one that goes back to
_ 1962. In 1977 it got to the point of an agreement between Libya and Tunisia
- to take tlie case to r_he International Court of Justice at The Hague for
some sort of arbitration, or at least for a ruling on the law governing
this affair, in this territory claimed bq Tunisia as an integral part of
- its territorial plateau. Naturally, Libya was of a different opinion. We
went forward with livery of seisin at the International Court of The Hague
on 1 December of last year, and Libya did the same. It fo].lowed this procedure.
The president of the court determined that the dispute is bound between the
two parties and set the legal notice for ear_h party to submit its case. So
this is a procedure now pending.
- 2750
CSO: 4400
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W~STERN SAHARA -
POLISARIO PkESENTS SAHARANS CAPTURED DURING SMAREI OP~RATION
Paris LE MONDE in French 16 Oct 79 p 4
- [Article by special correspondent: "The Conflict in Western Sahara--The
POLISEIRIO Front Presented to the Press About 700 Saharans Picked up During
the Operation Against Smara"--passages enclosed in slantlines published in ~
italics]
_ [Text] /The POLISARIO Front announced in Algiers, on
Sunday night 14 O~:tober, that its troops had attacked
Mahbes, which, it said, is the only town still co~ltrolled
by Moroccan troops in the north-eastern part of W~~stern
Sahara. It claims to have inflicted heavy losses on the
- enemy, in both men and equipment.
While visiting Rabat at the head of a delegat~on Erom
- parliament, former Prime Minister Pierre Messmer declared/:
"The conflict is getting worse. However, in spite of an
increase in the fighting, there can be no solution on
- the battlefield, since the men of the 'OLISARIO can retreat
into Algeria and recover their strength. Therefore, a
political solution is inevitable."
/Besides, our special correspondent in Tindouf tetls the
story of the battle of Smara as seen by Moroccan prisoners./
+ Tindouf--In the middle of the desert, on a barren and stony plateau, swept
by a cold wind, on Saturday 3 October, the POLISARIO Front presented to ~i
group of journalists about 700 people - mostly children - whom they say
they picked up during their operation in Smara (LE MONDE of 9, 10, and 11 -
October). Still wearing the traditional black veil, about 200 women are -
meekly following the instructions given by the militants who are in charge
of taking them in and initiating them to the new rules which wi11 govern
their lives from now on.
/"The revolutionary world, which will be theirs,"/ they ex~~lain, /"excludes
all tribalism, all feudalism, and all past values."/ One must learn its
new rules and vocabulary, and become a part of other social hierarchies.
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I
ln the m~~anti.me, tli~ ~.~~~ai~~n ~!i].lir.~;1~ tell, in ~}~aru.sl~ or i~i Hassaniyan,
~ll)~>liL Lhe:ir j)?1St i111Sft~Cl.Uili F, the I ~~-tI'~1lltllf'.1?t, t}le rOI'tUl"25~ tI1P YSI)t'S~
~he i.~u~~i'isc~um~_nt5, and the disappearances, whic~h they say was the claily
1~~C ~F ttie Saliaran people uC Smara. About a cl~~zen men, most of thei~~ old, .