JPRS ID: 9109 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200050046-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 33
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 46
• Content Type: REPORTS

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I~ 22 FEBRUARY 1988 CFOUO s180) 1 OF 1
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JPRS L/8944
- 22 February 1980
~
IJSSR Re ort
p
INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS -
~ . CFOUO 1 %80)
FBf$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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NOTE
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JPRS L/8944
22 February 1980
- USSR REPORT
INDUSTRIAL AFFAIRS
(FOUO i/so)
CONTENTS PAGE
AUTOMOTIVE l~ND TRACTOR INDUSTRY
Service Life of Spare Parts
(AVTOMOBIL'NYY TRANSPORT KAZAKHSTANA, No 4, 1979) l
METALWORKING EQUIPMENT
West German Industrial Robots
(Yu. G. Kozyrev; STANKI I INSTRUMENT, Oct 79) , 6
Polish Industrial Robots
(V. B. Velikovich; STANKI I INSTRUMENI', Oct 79) 10
New Heavy Plano-Milling Machine
(Ye. S. Artyuk.hov, et al.; STANKI I INSTRUMENT, Oct, 79) 15
' Self-Adjusting Control Syste ms of Machine Tools With Progra.m
Correction
(A. Ye. Kobrinskiy, N. A. Serkov; STANKI I INSTRUMENT,
- Jul 79) l~
Automatic Tool Replacement System for Heavy Plano-Milling
Machine
(S. Ya. Fel'dman; STANKI I INSTRUMENT, Oct 79) 26
- a - [III - US5R - 36 FOUOj
FOR OFFICIA.L USE ONLY
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AUTOMOTIVE AND TRACTOR INDUSTRY
SERVICT: LIF~ OF SPARE PARTS
_ Alma-Ata AVTOMOBIL'NYY TRANSPORT KAZAKHSTANA in Russian No 4, 1979 pp 3t_~, 1~1~
[Article: "Spare Parts"]
[Te~;t] It is important for every car owner to know which of his ca~'s parts
and assemblies may need replacement, and also he should kr~ow what he should
- keep on hand to feel confident on a lo~ng trip. It is also useful to know
the u~.ilization possibilities of parts and assemblies and their inter-
changeability with parts and asseu~lies from other Soviet-made automobiles. _
Our experience enables us to predict in an approximate manner the service
life (in kiiometers years) of automotive parts on the basis of natural
wear and tear. As regards component units as a whole motor, clutch,
t~~nsmission, driveshaft, differential, steering gear, front and rear sus-
pension, and brake system their service life, with proper servicing,
will exceed 100,000 kilometers. The figures contained in Table 1 apply
_ to year-round auto use, primarily on pavzd roads, with approximately 60% of
- total mileage city driving and approximately 40% highway mileage. The
figures apply to a temperate climate zone and moderately broken terrain.
In all other cases when an auto is operated primarily off hard-surface
roads, in cold and hot climate, in mountain terrain the ser~~ice lffe of
parts, assemblies and component units, as well as the car as a whole will
be~less. In addition, these figures do not take into consideration the
possibility of premature failure of certain parts, an occurrence which,
- however, is rare if a car is treated properly.
~ The servic~ life of the majority of other parts and assemblies with natural
wear ~lnd tear usually exceeds 100,000 kilometers.
In spite of the overall high reliability of Zhiguli automobiles, it is
desirable to carry in the car, especially on long trips, a number of spare
parts, supplementary tool~ and accessories. In addition, in conformity
with current requirements, each car should be equipped with safety belts
(at least for the driver and front-seat passenger), first aid kit, marker
to alert other motorists of a stopped car, and a fire extinguisher.
1
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Table l. Approximate Service Life of Certain Parts and Assemblies
Part or Assembly Expected Ser- Comments
vice Life,
thousand km
Camshaft More than 80 In vehicles built
after June 1973
Valve rocker arms More than 80 Same
Carburator needle valve SO-70
Throttle linkage 70-90
Clutch driven plate 60-80 Depending on driver's
habits
Drive shaft universal joint, 80-100 (front)
in assembly with needle bearings 50-70 (rear)
Steering gear tie rod ends 80 and more If worn covers are
promptly replaced
Upper and lower ball joints 100 and more December 1971t assum-
- ing periodic lubrica-
tion and prompt re-
, placement of worn covers
Window raiser, left front door 40-50
Window raisa~, right front foor 60-7Q
Pendulum lever inserts and shaft 60-80
Front brake shoes 12-30
Hood latch cable 20-30
Rear brake shoes 80 or more
Front shock absorbers 30-100
Rear shock absorbers 40-100
~ Lower inserts of front shock 20-30
absorbers
Rear shock inserts 80-100
Depends on driving liabits
Tires (to allowable tread wear):
I-51, 6.45 x 13 (165-330) 35-40 .
M-130A, 6.15 x 13 (155-330) 40-45
IYa-170, 165-13R 60-70 -
Battery 3-4 years Depending on manufacturer
Spark plugs 30-40
Distributor points 70-90 ?
The models 210], 2102, 2103, 2106, and 21011 VAZ cars are standardized to a
substantial degree, while this applies to a lesser degree to the VAZ-2121.
This applies in particular to the majority of relatively rapidly-wearing
parts and assemblies listed in ~rable 1. Nevertheless there are certain
specific features here.
VAZ cars (other than the 2121) are assembled at the factory with two dif-
ferent wheel rims (differing in width) and four different tires; the fig-
ures are contained in Table 2.
2
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One must know the following information when changing wheels and tires: ~
~ all tire sizes can be mounted on the "wide" rim; 6.15 x 13, 155-13R
and 6.45 x 13 tires can be mounted on the "narrow" rim; it is possible but
undesirable to mount 165-13R tires;
any of thesc. four tire sizes can be mounted on VAZ-2101 and VA7-21011
cars; 6.45 x i3 and 165-13R tires can be mounted on VA7.-2102, VAZ-2103, and
VAZ-2106 cars;
it is desirable that identical tires be mounted on all wheels; i.t
is permissible to mount different tires on the front wheels from those on
the rear wheels; different tires should not be mounted on the left and _
right wheel of the same axle.
The tubes of all the above-listed tires are interchangeable. In addition,
experience has shown that one can also use Moskvich-408 and 412 tire tubes;
until recently, however, these tubes had a thicker rubber valve stem facing,
which requires increasing the size of the valve stem hole when used with
Zhiguli rims; hole enlargement does not prevent subsequent use of these
rims with standard tubes.
VAZ-1121 rims and tires have a fit size of 16 dm, b~cause of which they
are not interchangeable with the rims and tires of other VAZ models.
One r~ust bear in mind that tubes for Zhiguli tires are manufactured of
~~~ryl rubber; because of this, punctures in these tubes cannot be sealed
by app~ying cold patches (without hot vulcanization).
The rear brake shoes on VAZ-2103 and VAZ-2106 automobiles have devices
*ahich automatically adjust shoe-drum clearance, and therefore they are not
interchangeable with the rear brake shoes of VAZ-2101, 2102, and 21011
models. `
The cylindrical rubber lower inserts of the front shock absorbers and
conical inserts of the rear shock absorbers are identical in design on all
VAZ models; the rear shock absorber conical inserts are interchangeable _
with the shock absorber conical inserts of all Moskvich models (other
than 400 and 401), Volga and Zaporozhets. If one does no~t have spare
front shock absorber cylindrical inserts, conical inserts can be used,
which requires trimming from the wide end so that they enter the shock ab-
s~rber arm with a tight fit.
All VAZ models are equipped at the factory with A7.5 BS, A7.5 I~ S spark
plugs or spark plugs of GDR manufacture; these plugs have a longer thread~~d
section than the plugs employed by the majority of other Soviet-made cars,.
- All plugs are interchangeable. Plugs of different (listed above) makes
can if necessary be installed on different cylinders of the same motor.
Zhiguli motors will also operate satisfactorily with the A7.5 SS plugs
used on the Moskvich-412. In an emergency one may temporarily employ the
14 mm plugs with a shorter threaded section from model 402, 403, 407 and
3 ~
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408 Moskvich, CAZ-21 and 24, as well as from GAZ-53A and ZIL-130 trucks;
this is undesirable, however. because these plugs will operate less depend-
ably, and replacement with the longer-thread plugs may prove difficiilt,
since tt~e exposed threads below the plu~s may become fouled with carhon
_ (if thls happens, prior to installing an extended-thread plug it w~ll be
necessary to run a tap dawn the threads, and this can result in metal
shavings entering the cylinder and scoring the cylinder wall).
Table 2. Rims and Tires for VAZ Automobiles
- Designati~,n VAZ-2101, VAZ-21Q2 VAZ-2103
Rim and Tire ~HZ-21011 VAZ-2106
and Size
114-330 +
"Narrow" rim ~4 i~2_13) + or ~
127-330 + +
- ''Wide" rim
(4-13)
6.15 x 13 +
Bias-ply tire
(155-13) or
115-13R +
RadiaZ tire + -
Bias-ply tire 6.45 x 13
(165-33) +
Radial tire 165-13R
Corresponding plugs of foreign manufacture may be used, but it is useful to -
know that they do not offer any advantages over Soviet-made plugs.
~ The ignition coils employed in the VAZ models are interchangeable (except
for the Moskvich-400 and 401, which are for a 6 volt system).
Conden~ers are interchangeable with any other automotive ignition con-
densers.
Sample List of Spare Parts Carried in an Automobile
Spark plugs (2); breaker points; distributor rotor; condenser; distributor -
cap; high voltage wire caps (2); carburator diaphragm; carburator needle
valve and gasket; spare headlight bulb; two-filament parking light and brake
li.ght bulbs (2); single-filament rear turn indicator bulb (can be replaced
by bulb from portable lamp); license plate illuminating bulb (can be
~ replaced by hood light bulb); turn signal bulb (can be ~iTeavalveycorpsk
light bulb); fuses (."i); fan belt; tire valve caps (2);
(2); high-voltage ignition wire (1 meter); low-voltage wire (5 meters).
~ Sample List of Supplementary Tools and Accessories Carried in a Car
9 x 11 wrench; 12 x 14 wrench; hammer; tire iron; small slot-head screw-
driver; small Phillips-head screwdriver; set of socket wrenches ~SOrtable
awl; round file; scissors; flat file; jackknife; circuiC tester (p
lamp with leads and terminal clips); electric vulcanizer with uncured rubber;
4
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chalk (one piece); tire pump with pressure gauge; set of bolts~ nutR,
washers and cotter pine; tire tube rubber (one piece); baling wire
(2 meters); friction tape; flashlight; tow cable (preferably flexible);
gas can (20 liter); funnel with filter for transferring gasoline; clean
- ?-ag; plastic bucket; sponge; ~umper cables (for winter);
-
COPYRIGHT: "Avtomobil'nyy transport Kazakhstana", 1979 ~
3024 ,
CSO: 1821 ~
~
5
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b1ETALWORKING EQUIPMENT _
WEST GERINAN INUUSTRIAL ROBOTS
Moscow STANKI I INSTRUMENT in Russian No lO,Oct 79 pp 24-25
[Article by Yu. G. Kozyrev]
[Text] Industrial robots (FR) have been used in West Germany machine
- building since 1970. In late 1978 the over311 machine pool of the nation
contained more than 350 robots (the average annual increment was 30 IR). By
the end of 19&0 the number of IR of various technological purposes will
exceed 500 units [1]. The expansion of the IR pool is illustrated in
Figure la; the course of adoption of new IR in West German industry is
illustrated in Figure lb. The machine pool is made up of national robots
and of robots imported from the United States, Japan, Norway and other
countries.
A histogram of the distribution of IR among sectors of the machine building
industry (Figure 2) shows that robots are used most extensively in the
automobile industry. A histogram of the distribution of IR among operations
that are performed (Figure 3) shows that most of the IR are used for per-
forming lifting and transport operations, for charging machinery and for
welding. The histograms are based on data as of the end of 1977.
The namenclature of IR is quite diverse: from the simplest EKOMAT (or
FELSOMAT) types to multiprogrammable general purpose IR (called universal)
of the Unimate type.
The performance characteristics of the basic models of IR, used in West
German industry (as of the end of March 1978) are presented in the table.
Cost varies from robot to robot. It is interestin~ to analyze cost
associated with their industirial adoption [1]. The cost of the industrial
adoption (spray painting) of a model IRB 6 robot, which is priced at 185,000
marks, was 15,000 marks (80 of the cost of the machine). Based on data of
the manufacturer, the purchase price and cost of adoption were recovered in _
3 years. The adoption cost of a Unimate IR was 15,000-165,000 marks
(14-1430 of the cost of the robot). The industrial adoption of a single
robo� is most expensive, an3 the installation of several robots in shops is
6
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FOK ~FFICIAL USF. nNT,Y
the least costly (per robot). The overall cost depends also on the type
of tecitnological process and the machi~lery automated with the aid of IR.
It has been shown [1] that the development of complexes for servicing
glass-casting machines (up Lo 165,000 marks) and hot stamping presses (up
to 125,000 marks) accounts for most of the adoption cost of robots of the
Unimate type, and the adoption of a"pressure casting machine-fettling
press" complex the least. _
Thus, the adoption of IR always involves additional costs of mating with
machinery, replanning of industrial facilities, organization of production,
etc., ar.d the fraction of these costs per robot depends on the num~er of
industrially adopted "machine-robot" units and on the type of technol~gical -
process and machinery, mated with the robot.
1~ mm 1)
400 /y~
350 120
3~0 f00 ~
250 BO
p~,n
150 60
100 40
SO
` 1C
1Q%1 1373 7915 197~ 1979 1911 1313 1975b1 ~977 ,~979
a) ~
Figure 1. Growth of inventory (a) and course of adoption
(b) of IR in West German machine building.
KEY: 1. Units
!1!m
1 ~ 150 ~
100
SO 1
2 3 4~ S
Figure 2. Distribution of IR among sectors of -
machine building: 1-- automobile industry;
2-- general mac'~~-~e building; 3�- household
- appliances; 4-- sanitary engineering; 5--
electrical engineering; 6 miscellaneous.
KEY: 1. Units
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