JPRS ID: 9059 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070052-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 39
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 52
• Content Type: REPORTS

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- JPRS L/9059.
_ ~ ~
- 29 ~p~il 1980
. . Sub-Saharan Afri~a R~ ort ~
p
FOUO No. 672 ~
~ t1 .
FB~$ FOREI~N ~ROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
_ FOR OFEICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
JPRS publication~ contain information primarily from foreign =
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agetlcy _
- transmissions and broadr:asts. Materials from foreign-t~nguage -
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted; with the original phrasing and
- other characteristics retained.
_ Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
- mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed paren~hetical notes within Che body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as _
_ given by source. -
- The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
- cies, views or at.titudes of the U.S. Government. ~
- For further information on report content
~ call (703) 351-3165. -
- COPYRIGH~ I,AWS AND REGULATIONS GOVERNING OWNERSHIP OF
MATERLALS REPRODUCED HEREIN REQUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY. =
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JPR5 L/9059
- 29 April 1980,
SUB-SAIIARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 672 -
CONTENT5 ~
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS -
Commentary on Resistance to Olympic.Boycott
_ (Jean-Louis Buchet; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 5 Mar 80)........... 1
_ 'JEUNE AFRIQUE' Projects Advertis~d
_ (JEUDTE AFRIQIJE, 5 Mar 80) 3
Briefs _
Zairian-Zambian Cobalt Agreement 5 _
~ Mozambique-Zaire Cooperation 5
- Niasse Reportedly in Libya 5
,ANGOLA
Oil, Diamond Product:!on Statistics Reported -
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 22 Feb 80)....... 6
_ Briefs ~
Italian Equipment for Oil Sector 7
Dos Santos Arrival Unadvertised . 7
- CEHTRAL A`FRICAN REPUBLIC
_ False Rumors Said 'at Origin' of Hasty Political Trials
(Siradiou Diallo; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 27 Feb 80)............ 8
t;ONGO
Foreign Minister on Troops it~ ChFid, African Economy ~
(Pierre Nze Interview; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 16 Apr 80)....... 10
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
- Spain Regaining Control of Country After 12 Yeara '
(Francisco Vergara; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 27 Feb 80).......... 12
- a- IIII - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued)
- ETHIOPIA ~
Briefs
M~edical Aid From Cuba 14
GABON ~
Receipts, Operating Expenaea in 1980 Budget Noted
(MARCHES TROPTC,~,UX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 22 Feb 80)...... 15
Briefs
French Administrative Cooperation 17
_ GUINEA -
Briefs
CCCE Railroad,. Electricity Loans 18
Franco-Guinean Friendship Association 18
USSR Military Advisors' Departure 18 -
MALI
Agriculture Could Provi~3e $olution to Economic Malaise _
(Sennen Andriamirado; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 27 Feb 80)........ 19
Briefs
Road Construction Financing ~ 22
, MOZAMBIQUE
Production Ststistics, 1980 Budget Reported
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 22 Feb 80)....... 23
New Planning Minister Depicted as Pragmatist
- (JEUNE AFRIQUE, 16 Apr 80) 24
~
- Briefs
- Dutch Assistance 25
Spanish Participation in Fishing Company 25
- Political Prisoners 25
. BADEA Woad Industry Loan 26
SOMALIA
- Briefs _
= Refugee Statistics 27 _
- b -
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CONTENTS (Con~~nued)
UPPER VOLTA
Effects of Foreign Aid, Other Aspects of Economy Noted
(JELTNE AFRIQUE, 12 Mar 8Q) 28
~
- Aid-Recipient Mentality Feared, by Sophie Bessis
Consumer Goods, Services Flourishing
ZAIRE
- Briefs
Portugueae ResideaCa 33
Aluminum Ta1ks With Europeans 33 -
Bas Zaire-Shaba Railway 33
Coffee Exports Down 33
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- ~ INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
- ~
~
_ CO1~tENTARY ON RESISTANCE TO OLYI~PIC BOYCOTT
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 5 Ma.rch 80 p 89
[Commentary by Jean-Louis Buche~: "The Athletes' Revolt"]
['~ext] The Soviets have Afghaniatan, the Americans...the gold medal for
ice hockey. And it was as heroes that Jimmy Carter received the authors of
this exploit at the White House on 25 February. On 22 February at Lake -
Placid before a wrought-up public, they ~ust managed to defeat the Soviet
team, holder of the title for 20 years.
For thia aummit match, patriotic fervor was at its peak in the United
States. The boys have won, they have deserved well of their country, tk~e -
president-candidate, Jimmy Carter, ie pleased with them and America with
- him. No one thought of asking the Afghan inaurgents for their opinion ors
- the USA's irresiszible counterattack against USSR expanaionism.
The publicity campaign organized around the hockey tournament, as well as -
the feats of the young American Eric Heiden (21 years old), who wori,fi~e
gold medals in speed skating, to some extent camouflaged the balsnce-eheet
of tnese XIII Winter Games, coacliided on 24 February at Lake Placid. A
not very flattering balance-sheet, in fact, for the United States on the -
strictly aporting level. With 12 medals (6 of them gold), it was largely
outstripped.by ~he USSR (22 medals, 10 of them gold) and the German
Democratic Republic (23 medals, 9 of them gold).
- An American setback, again, with regard to.the IOC (Internaticnal Olympic ~
Committee). Indeed, this venerable and. dusty institution will not come out
unscathed from the present criais. But Lord Rillanin, its chairman, has -
reaffirmed his opposition to the boycotting of the Moscow games. And the `
American Olympic Committee, which at first had yielded miserably, is
~ rebelling in the face of the White flouse uka8es.
The origin of this reversal, the poaitions taken by the athletes. An
element which could be decisive in the battle going on around the summer
games. Most of the American athletea who are preparing to go,to Moscow
have no desire to follow Ji~y Carter in this matter. We understand them: ~
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in high-level competition, one ages quickly. In the Los Angeles Sames in
1984, it will be too late for a number of them. Eric Heiden himself, the
stsr at Lake Placid, has come out against the ~~oycott. ~Also received by
= Jimmy Carter, he did not hesitate to say so t~~ his president.
~ Other Western athletes have spoken their minds in the same vein, while the
~ boycott opponente' camp gathered atrength from international opinion. This
- ie the case particularly in the Federal Republic of Germany, the fourth-
ranking apQr�ts power in the world (after the USSR, the GDR and the USA).
The Bonn government, w~~~ch seemed at first to be following in Jimmy Carter's
footsteps, is now he~itating. And the presdient of the French Republic, _
deapite the presaures he is sub~ected to, has categorically reaffirmed that =
- it is up Co the athletes alone to decide.
From now until 24 May, the closing date for replies to the Moscow invita-
tions, many things might change. Al1 the more since the 5oviets have more
difficulties than anticipated in Afghanistan and since the Westerners seem
finally resolved to make more serious proposals than boycotting the Olympic
games. ~
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA T~980
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
'JEUNE AFRIQUE' PROJECTS ADVERTISED
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 5 Mar 80 p 51
� [Article: "J.A. [JEUNE AFRIQUEJ Group Achievements and Pro3ects"]
[Text] The J.A. Group is beginning its third decad~ w-ith the following _
assets:
Capital: brought up from 6 to 10 million French francs in 1980 ($2.5
million). _
- Manpower: about 200 emplnyees.
Turnover: about 100 million French francs in 1980 ($25 million) for the
group and its subsidiaries.
_ The JEUNE AFRIQUE Group publishes (in French): ,
1. Periodicals
JEUNE AFRIQUE, the otily weekly inter-African magazine and the foremost third
- world periodical. Circulation ia cloae to 200,000 copies per week, and.
distribution goes beyond French-apeaking Africa to reach the Middle East
~nd Europe, as well as the Engliah-speaking countries.
JEUNE AFRIQUE is one of the principal weekly magazines in the French -
language.
ANNUAIRE DE L'AFRIQUE ET DU MOYEN-ORIENT [Yearbook on Africa and the Middle-
East], in two volumes: ~
LES ARI~II:ES ET LA DEFENSE [Armies.and Defense] (published in April of each
year).
L'ECONOMIE ET LE DEVELOPPLMENT [The Economy and Development] (published in
October of each year). -
Each v~lume is distributed in about 20,000 copies. -
MARCHES NOWEAUX [New MarketsJ, an economic semi.monthly intended principally ~
for Africa and the Middle East, distributed also in close to 20,000 copies.
3
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WHO'S WHO for Africa and the Middle East (20,000 copies).
LETTRE D'INFORMATION 10/20/30 [Information Letter] (published on the lOth,
20th and 30th of each month). -
~ All these publications are aerving as a basie and model for publicationa in _
Englieh, to be published, atarting end of 1980, by an English Language
Departmeat of the J.A. Group. _
2. Books
A collection of tourist guides or travel books which includes 40 titles,
regularly reissued in French, English and German.
"Le Grand Atlas" of the African continent and national atlases.
Historical and general literary works. !
~ Encyclopedias. _
Pr~jects for the third decade:
The J.A. Group has set up an International Development Fund (Finomi) anci
has begun atudying the impleffientation in the 1980s of pro~ects included in
- the perapective of what it t~as been agreed to caYl the New World Information -
Order. ~ -
In particular: _
an inter-A'_"r~ c~.n daily,
a Third World press agency,
= an inter-African radio station,
an advertising agency apecializing in co~unications between Third World
and industrialized countries,
new specialized periodicals, . -
an undertaking for the production of films and televisio~~programs,
an undertaking for film distribution (movie the~ters and television). -
- The J.A. Group, the principal communications venture for Africa and the .
Middle East, intends to be the initiator and leader of these pro~ects. ~But -
. it cannot carry them out alone,.because it intends to collaborate, in each
field, with specialists. Because it can bear the cost of financing one or~
a few projects, but that the pro~ects as a whole can be planned only in
, partnership.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980
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INTER-Ak'RICAN AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
ZAIRIAN-ZAMBIAN COBALT AGREEMENT--Zaire and Zambia, the two main producers
- of cobalt in the world, have agreed to maintain their prices for the rest
of the year at $25 per pnund (454 grams). In a common statement, the two -
countries expressed the wish to assare their customers cancerning a stable -
_ and regular supply for the rest of 1980. Zaire hopes to produce 15,000
tons of cobalt this year as it did in 1979. Cobalt production for Zambia,
~ which mined 3,000 tons last year, should reach 10,Q00 tons at the beginning
of the 80's. The flow of cobalt, a strategic metal used in alloys for the
space industry, has increased appreciably since 1978. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Feb 80 p 451]
MOZAI~BIQUE-ZAIRE COOPERATION--t~fozambique and Zaire have decided to broaden
- the existing exchanges of information between the two countries. The deci-
sion was reached f ollowing a series of discu3sions in Maputo between Karl I
_ Bond, Zairian minister of foreign affairs and his Mozambican counterpart
Joaquim Chissano. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPIC~UX ET MEDITERRAN~ENS
in French 4 Apr 80 p 826] ~
NIASSE REPORTEDLY IN LIBYA--Ahmed Khalifa N:iasse, founder of the Hizboullahi,
an Islamic party banned in Sen~egal, may have settled in Libya. Since he
was in danger of being prosecuted for fraud in his own country, Ahmed Niasse -
wished to obtain political asylum in France, where he has been living since
September 1979. However, faced with th~ reluctance of Paris, he may have
chosen to follow the path of the malcontents, the road to Tripoli. [Text]
[Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 27 Feb 80 p 38] 9174 -
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ANGOLA -
OIL, DIAMONP. PRODUCTION STATISTICS REPORTED -
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX E~P MF.DITERRANEENS in French 22 Feb 80 p 426
[Text] Angolan agricultural production remains, since the dep~rture of -
the Portuguese and the devastation, far lower than it was prior to
= iridependence. Thus, the 1978-1979 coffee harvest anly amaunted to
32,000 tons, as compared with 207,000 tons some year$ ago.
Petroleum, the crucial factor in the econom}r's recovery, in 1978 repre-
sented approximately 85 percent of the total exports and 60 percent of
the state's reaources. Production increased from 7 million tons in
1977 to 9 million tons in 1979; it is expected to double by 1985 with ~
the ~~pening of new wells and, in addition, prospecting offshore is
- cont.inuing. ,
The diamond is the country's wealth; production of the nationalized
DIAMANG [Angola Diamond Company] amounted to 700,000 carata for ~ewelry
in 1918. During the year, by taking over the still-existing Portugueae
intereats, atsate p~rticipation increased from 61 to more than 71 per-
cent; the Dutch ehare remained the same. Iron ore ~nining has been
- sCopped since 1975. Alternately resumed and suspended, international
traffic, which consists mainly of moving copper ore from Shaba and
, Zambie on the Benguela-Lobito Railroad, would constitute a regional ~
stabiliz~ng element. ~
- In April, Africa-Textil, the textile complex began operations with a
- production potential of 16.5 million meters annuF;lly.
~
A new law on forei~n investments modified the previous one and is ~~=e
~ restrictive. These investments are desired in the context of the guide-
- lines o~ development plans and by aseocis.tion in parastatal companiea, _
with public interests or na.tional private capital.
COPYRIGI~T: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1980
~
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ANGOLA
BRIEFS
ITALIAN EQUIPMEI3T FOR OIL SECTOR--SONANGOL, [Angolan National Petroleum
Company] in collaboration with the Cab~.nda Gulf Oil (',ompany, has 3ust
awarded a contract for 80 millinn French francs to the Italian company =
Nuovo Pignone to supply 14 turbo-compressor groups. 'L'hese machines are
vitally important for Angola since they will increase crude oil pro-
duction from the Cabinda offshore oil wells by approximately 40,000 _
- barrels a day. Nuovo Pignone will be respons~ble for auper~iaing the
installation of the compressors on three different derricks and get~i.ng
them into operation at the Cabinda oil fields. The compressors will be
used for gas lift, rein3ection and gas recompression tasks. Nuovo
?ignone (part of ENI, [National Hydrocarbons Agency] the Italian state
petroleum and petrochemical group) has supplied specialized eql~ipment
for various derricka in the North Sea and the~Gulf of Mexico. This -
order from Angola confirms this Italian company's abil~ty to compete in `
the world market as a supplier of speciatized equipment for offshore -
petroluem p~ospecting activitiea. [Text) [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET -
MEDITERRANEENS tn Frer.ch 22 Feb 80 p 458] 9479
D05 SANTOS ARRIVAL UNADVERTISED--Jose Eduardo dos Santos, president of the
People's R,~public of Angola, pai.d an official visit to Cuba for an undeter- _
mined stay on 17 March. This visit, the first by the chief of state since
the death of President Agostinho Neto last September, had not been an- -
nounced in Havana by the local press as lgte as the eve of dos Santos' arrival. -
It took diplomatic circles completely by surprise. This visit takes place
at a time when thousgnds of Cttban soldiers--19,000, as quoted by the AFP �
fram "a we11 informed source"--are still stationed in Angola to assist the
' MPLA against the rebellion by U'NITA led by Jonas Sovimbi. Cuba's assistance
is also present in technical cooperation: 6,500 civilians occupy various -
_ , positions in the country, with 2,300 of them working iri construction snd 750
in the teaching sector. Moveover, for 2 yeara, Luanda has been aending to
Cuba 1,200 secondary school students, who follow couraes based on the prin-
ciple of the "school in the countryside" at the Isle of Pines, 80 lans south
of Havana. They divide their time between studies and the harveat of citrus
fruit. [Excerpts] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAITX ET MEDITERFANEENS in French
21 Mar 8~0 p 703]
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CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
FALSE RUMORS SAID 'AT ORIGIN' OF HASTY POLITICAL TRIALS", _
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 27 Feb 80 p 31 ~
[Article by Siradiou Diallo: "Trial in Bangui"]
[Text] Although dictators are hard to overthrow, memories of them are
� proving even more difficult to erase. It is this way in Equatorial Guinea -
where, in spite of the public execution of Maci~s Nguema,~a number of citizens .
are sti11 convinced that he might be restored to life at any moment. Probably
in the guise of a dangerous tiger. It is this way in Uganda where some of
the inhabitants are beginning to wish for the return of the reign of Idi -
= Amin Dada, because during that time "for. all of that there was more order -
_ and security." -
= In the former "pearl" of the British African colonies, where the head of
t~e government has already been changed twice since the departure of the
terribYe Idi Amin, popular fantasy is expecting to see the dictator come to
the surface again, �rom one day to the next. Furthermore: since certain
newa bulletins let it be understood that the tyrant's airplane had disappeared _
from the Tripoli airport whera it was being kept, the present Ugandan leaders -
themselves began to take the rumor seriously. And to worry.
But it was especially in the Central African Republic that, 5 months after
the fall of Bokassa, the situation seemed to be the most confused. In -
spite of the presence of the French army, and the actual imprisonment of . -
the ex-emperor at Abid~an, many Central Africans believe h:im capabYe of e
arriving in Bangui. And of coming back into power. From time to time, _
_ people say that they have recognized him at night threading his way through
the poorly-lighted alleys of Kilometer-5, the working class district of
- Bangui. Or crossing the Ubangi River at the head of his troops.
Theae foolish rumors are undoubtedly the source of the great haste with
which the political trials have ~ust opened in Bangui, with a great deal _
of publicity. Having failed to obtain Bokassa's head, they want to exorcise
his spirit by striking out at his former collaborators. Already, Dr Jean
Bruno Dedeavode, one of the first to be ~udged by the criminal court sitting
in the Omnisports Palace in Bangui (c~here the coronation of Bokassa I was ~
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celebrated), has been condemned to death. The son-in-law of the ex-ruler,
he was accused of having, by ordEr of his father-in-law, administered a
deadly poison to a newborn infant. This was also true of Colonel J.-P.
Inga. ~ -
Others will follow, such as Mrs Domitien, ex-prime ffiinister, who was devoted
to the dictator. Unless she is allowed extenuating circumstancea. Because
of her sex. -
But even before they began, theae trials were challenged. Why were only
about 100 of the former collaborators arrested? And according to what
criteria? Many people who were as deeply involved as they are not only free,
but some are in power. The confusion of the present leaders is such that
- it was only under compulsion that they decided to arrest some of their
former "�riends."
Be that as it may, in Bangui as in Kampala, in Malabo as in Teheran and
elsewhere, t~e successors of~dictators will anly be able to bury the legends -
of the3r predecessors by correcting the political, economic and often disas-
' trous social conditions which they have inherited, as quickly as possible.
Otherwis~, it will be useless to wring the neck of the demon, or failing
- that, of his former loya? supporters. He wi11 inexorably come to life again
- in the minds of the people. ~
,
COPYRIGHT: Jeune'~Afrique, GRUPJTA 1980
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CONGO
FOREIGN MINISTER ON TROOPS IN CHAD, AFRICAN ECONOMY -
LD171017 Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 16 Apr 80 p 34 ,
_ [In~erview with Pierre Nze, Congolese Foreign Minister, by Sennen
Andriamirado: "The Chadians Have Opted for War"; date and place not
ap~cified]
[Text] JEUNE AFRIQUE: Pierre Nze, the Congo has recently lived through a
- painful experience. You dispatched some troops to Chad which were to serve
- as a peace-keeping force. And your troops left Chad as soon~as war broke
out. Is this withdrawal a setback for Africa?
Pierre Nze: This kind of experiment must not be ~udged too hastily. The
idea of a neutral force was conceived incidentally--the Chad crisis necessi-
- tated the formation of a buffer force in which troops fram the Congo, Benin
and Guinea were to participate.
r~ JEUNE AFRIQUE: And only the Congolese came. _
~I
- Pierre Nze: Many countries found themselves in a difficult economic situa-
tion and every OAU member state had to make an exceptional effort. We our-
- selves were in a difficult situation at that time--civil servar~ts had not
been paid for 2 months--but we had made a promise at the time of the Lome
~ agreements and we did our utmost to keep it.
JEUNE AFRIQUE: How much did it.cost the Congo to dispatch 550 men to Chad?
- Pierre Nz~: We earmarked 900 million African financial cammunity francs
for the 1-year stay there. ` _
JEUNE AFRIQUE: It has been asserted that there were same Cubans among the
Congolese in Chad.
Pierre Nze: This is a provocation! We had no intention of having Chad
occupied by anyone. The Congo has had its own army since 1963 and we dis-
- patched only Congolese to Chad.. Obviously we have Soviet, Cuban and French
- technicians in the Congo but since our troops were carrying out a mission
1~
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= within an OAU framework, it would have been a mistake to include any non- _
Congolese among them. This is caarmon sense.
JEUNE AFRIQUE: Why dld your troops leave Chad?
- Pierre Nze: Because the Chadians decided not to become reconciled but to -
resume warfare. We were running the risk of becortning involved in a confron- _
tation between various trends. Our camp was f ired ~n and one of our soldiers
- was killed and some others wounded. We did not intervene.
JEUNE AFRIQUE: Could you have i:ltervened?
Pierre Nze: How? By preventing one movEment from fighting another? We
were not in Chad to suppoxt one group against another. We were there to _
pr2vent the Chadians from confronting one another. However, they opted for -
confrontation. -
- JEUNE AFRIQUE: Chad keeps exploding. ~Will the rest of Africa not catch
fire?
Pierre Nze: Africa has been badly affected by the international ec_onomic
crisis, which will lead to such social tensions that upheavals in a nuanber
= of countries are to be feared. -
JEUNE AFRIQUE: Is this the reason why the OAU has called an economic su~it,
which is to take place in Lagos at the end of the month?
- Pier�re Nze: African heads of state have realized the seriousness of the _
crisis. And we s~ncerely hope that the Lagos summit will not merely provide
an opportunity for expressing good intentions. Unless we take advantage of _
it to formulate a~oint strategy and establish a~oint front to ward off the
~econamic crisis, we will all sink together. ~ _
_ JEUNE AFRIQUE: Does this mean that in your view the OAU has reached a turn- r
ing point and should henceforth give economic matters priority? �
Pierre Nze: Certainly. African states can no longer be classified as -
"prog.ressive" or "moderate." The OAU must build a wall round itself and
_ concern itself with the A:fr~.can econamy. It is a question of survival.
Unless it can adapt i~self to the si~uation, I cannot see what use the OAU
can be.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980
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EQUATORIAL GUINEA
- SPAIN REGAINING CONTROL OF COUNTRY AFTER 12 Y~ARS
_ Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 27 Feb 80 p 32
[Article by Francisco Vergara: "The Legacy of the Tiger"]
[Textj Six months after the fall of Macias Nguema (4 August 1979), Malabo -
_ looks like a phantom ctty. In street after street, the stores are closed.
From time to time, a s~olitary automobile passes. No one laughs, no one e
= dances. The cacao plantations on the outskirts of the capital are abandoned
and overgrown with weeds. The harvest of 1979 was 10 times smaller than
those in the years before independence.
- The people who overthrew "the Tiger of Malabo" are satisfied with having
replaced a dozen men at tlie head of ~he government. As ~or the rest, the
repressive machine which caused the flight of at least 100,000 Equatorial
Guineans (one-third of the population), the torturers and policemen who
administered beatings to their heart's content, are today quiet and respect-
able citizens. A general amnesty was declared, and the 5,000 political
prisoners of the old regime were released. The churches, closed in 1978,
- have been reopened, and the Catholic religion has made a strong comeback. _
Lieut Obiang Nguema, who overthrew his cousin, ~'rancisco Macias, took an
oath on the Bible, on 11 October 1979, when he was appointed president e~ "
the republic. Another indication: 70 monks were added to the Spanish
experts who are going to put the educational system, formerly one of the
most highly developed in Africa, back on its feet again.
Foreigners whose farms, plantations and properties were confiscated by
Macias Nguema are beginning to return. Their pr~~erties will be returned
if they promise to restore them to their former condition. However, the -
7,000 Spaniards who were living in the country in 1968, at the time of
. independence, are not expected to return en masse. But in fcreign policy,
_ Equatorial Guinea is keeping its distanr.a:from the Soviet Union so that it
can become reconciled with France and Spain, who are competing for influence.
Z'he Russians Leave
- On 1 January, the boats of the Soviet fishing fleet, which had exclusive
rights in the Equatorial-Guinean territorial wa~ers, left the port of Luba,
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- in the western part of the island of Bioko (formerly the island of Macias
Nguema and of Fernando Po). The loss was considerable for the USSR, where _
every week two Tupolev 154's went back and forth between Moscow and Malabo
to drop off or pick up about 10~ Russian sailors. With the help of France,
which will furnish nets and outboard motors, the local fishing industry,
- which was forbidde~i to nationals, will be reestablished. Authorization .
[to fish], not exclusive this time, hae been granted to Spain.
On the other hand, on 28 November 1979, c~operative agreements were signed ~
in Paris with France, which will supply Equatorial Guinea with granta of
9 million francs, clearly more than the 600,000 francs of 1979. French .
cooperatives--three at the present time--should soon be much more numerous.
Among the companies which have an interest in the count~y are Elf-Aquitaine
and the Office of Geological and Minin~ Exploration (BRGM).
But Spain seems determined to "go all out." It is the Cabinet of the head
~ of the government, Adoiro Suarez, and not the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ,
- which is interested in Equatorial Guinea. The Spanish government has granted
97 million francs in credit and some 59 million in grants. Eveay day, spe-
cisl airplanes bring supplies and essential foodstuffs.
Spain's future investments are estimated at $150 million. On 23 January,
Malabo announced that three mixed entergrises will be formed with national-
ized Spanish companies. They will be involved in oil and uranium prospecting
' and development, and in mining exploratian in general. A semi-nationalized
bank has also been established, with the Foreign Bank of Spain, which wi11
be responsible for the management of foreign investmen~_~ and trade. The
new currency which will retain the name of the ekuele, will be at par with
the Spanish peseta,
It is also the Spanish economists who have been given responsibility for
developing a recovery plan set up thanks to 500 experts (also Spaniarde).
During his visit ta Malabo, in December 1979., King Juan Carlos may even
have promised to investigate having Spain take over the country's budgetary
deficit in the years.to come. ~
And so, nearly 12 years after gaining her independence, Equatorial Guinea
is returning to a status which the authorities call "privileged relations
with Spain." But after ~ decade passed under the iron rule of the "Tiger
of Malabo," who could say that it's a step backward? ~
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique, GRUPJIA 1980
9174 -
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ETHIOPIA
- BRIEFS
MEDICAL AID FROM CUBA--At the end of February, Ethiopian Minister of Health
Tefera Wonde praised the role of the Cuban civilian mission in Ethiopia,
especially of the medical personnel. There are 291 Cuban medical personnel,
including 129 physicians, currently in Ethiopia. [Textj [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MF.DITERRANEENS in French 7 Mar 80 p 579].
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GABOH
- RECEIPTS, OPERATiNG EXPENSES IN 1980 BUDGET NOTED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Feb 80 p 449
[TextJ In our 28 December 1979 issue, page 3E~84, we gave the total
amount of tY~e ~980 Gabonese budget, which was set in receipts aiid expenses
- at 313.7 billion CFA francs. -
This total is broken down as follows for the receipts (billion o= CFA
francs) : -
Tax receipts 140.14
Custom duties 57.60
Revenuea from state lands 69.03 ~ -
Other non-tax receipts 4.37
Loans 42. 26
' It should be noted that loans have decreased, in comparison with the two
preceding fiacal years: 1978--63.38 billion CFA franca; 1979--
67.3 bill~.on (estimated). The 1980 budget is ~ust about equal to that
of 1979 (313.8 billion CFA francs in receipts).
Expenses are broken do~,m as follows (in billions of CFA francs): -
Operating expenses 101.70
which includes
Wages 38
Goods and services 49.87
Transfers 13.83
Public debt 120 -
Development 92
There has been an increase in development expenses: 92 billion in 1980,
as compared with 83.4 billion in 1979 and 80.9 billion in 1978. 1'he
Transgabonese alone will receive 31.8 billion in 1980, whieh ehould make
it poesible to complete the work plans of connecting Booue with Owendo
by railroad by late 1982.
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Operating ex~enses increa~ed much less rapidly--101.7 billion in 1980,
- as compared with 89.4 billion �or thE: preceding fiscal year.
, Similarly, there is a decrease in debt gervicing; it reached a record
_ amount in 1979: 120 billion in 1980, as compa~ed to 140 billion in 1979 .
and 116.7 billion in 1979.
The new debt amounted to 224.2 billion CFA francs in 1977 (for reim-
bursements of 60.6 biJ.lion.) It should decrease to 42.4 billion in 1980
(for reimbursements ot 80.2 billion) as compared with 67.3 billion
(and 100.7 billion in reimbursements) in 1979.
The following is the change in operating expenses in the major aectors:
1979 1980 -
Defense 14.4 18.6
Education and Culture 21.3 23.9
Healrtth and Social Action 7.1 8� 7 -
Economic administrations 6.2 7.1
General administration 5.8 7.1 _
COPYRIGHT: Rene M~oreux et Cit~ Paris 1980
. 9479
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GABON
~
BRIEFS
FRENCH ADMINISTRATIVE COOPERATION--The Fre:~ch secretary of state in public _
- works, Mr Jacques Dominati, signed, on 4 March in Libreville with Mr Jules
Bourdes Ogouliguende, state minister of Gabon in public works, an agreement .
, of cooperation concerning an increase in French aid to Gabon in the field
of public administration: on the one hand, it involves a declaration of
intention; on the other, an agreement linking the National School of Admin-
_ istration (ENA) of Libreville to the International Institute of Public
Administration to train and to refresh high officials of the Gabon adminis-
tration. Before leaving Libreville, Mr pominati was granted an audience by
President Bongo. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in
French 14 Mar 80 p 631J 9589
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GUINEA
BRIEFS
CCCE RAILROAD, ~LECTRICITY LOANS--The Central Bank for Economic Cooperation
has ~ust granted two loans to Guinea: A loan of 24 million francs (approxi-
mately 109 million sylis) will help finance a program to acquire rolling
atock for the National Office of Railroads of Guinea. This latter, in addi-
tian, will receive technical assistance. A study will be undertaken to
improve the network and its management. A loan of 40 million francs (approx-
imately 182 million sylis) will be appropriated to the restoration of the
dam and of the hydroelectric power station of the Great Falls, which is
proving to be urgent, as well as to the electricity distribution network of
Conarky. The intervention of the Central Bank is part of a total program
which will benefit equally from financial assistance from the World Bank _
Group and from the Federal Republic of Germany. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS 14 Mar 80 p 621] 9.~89
FRANCO-GUINEAN FRIENDSHIP ASSOCIATION--The 29 February French JOURNAL
- OFFICIAL announced the establiahment of Franco-Guinean Friendship Asso-
ciation, whose ob~ective is to "promote understanding and friendship _
- between the peoples of France and Guinea. A te~nporary bureau was formed,
which will be reconstituted at the first general assembly. [Excerpt]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MIDITERRANEENS in French 4 Apr 80 p 808J
USSR MILITARY ADVISORS' DEPARTURE--The last two USSR military advisors
have left Guinea. This is comprised among the measures adopted by
President Sekou Toure vis-a-vis the USSR following the condemnation of
the Soviet invasion of Afghan3stan by the conference of Islamic countries
in Islamabad. Moreover, Guinea has restricted the USSR diplomatic
personnel and has vetoed any reconnaissance flights on its territorial
waters. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1006, 16 Apr 80 p 24] -
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r MALI -
AGRICULTURE COULD PROVIDE SOLUTION TO ECONOMIC MALAISE
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 999, 27 Feb 80 pp 38-39 ~ -
' [Article by Sennen Andriamirado]
[Excerptsl ~tumors in Bamako
. Bamako. Wedged between the Niger River and the table Iands, crushed under
the weight of a permanent layer of hot humid sir, the capital is an oven,
ready to explode, in every sense of the word. Some 600,000, perhaps 8Q0,000,
inhabitants are literally swarming: social tension is all too apparent.
The inhabitants of Bamako have lost their sense of humor.
There are more government employees there and consequently more frustrated
people--they too have had to wait to be pa;d, for 2 months in the case of
certain atate enterprises. Te~ichers, after a strike of overzealousness,
turned to a slowdown. They az�e telling themselves that if, this time,
- salaries were paid at the last possible moment, next month, they will have
to wait once again. And they say, 15 days in February, 3 weeks in March,
a little more in April.... President Moussa Traore came back on 11 February
- from his trip to Iraq and Syria with emergency funds: $5 million, according
to information leaked to us. Ma~re or less enough to pay the salaries for 1
month. The next time, they will have to find another solution.
In that atmosphere, the wildest rumors are circulating. A few government -
employees have finally begun to wonder whether these delays in payment are "
- not part of a general offensive against the intellectuals. That is false.
Ordinary policemen right.up to the staff of the president of the republic
have also waited. Other government workers claim that they have not been
paid because "the funds have been embezzled." Nothing of the sort.
"There Is No Money"
. At the Ministry of Finance and Commerce, tired of being bothered and having
to give out technical explanations, which were all the more complicate�1
' because they were untrue, those in charge finally admitted: "Thera is no
money, that is all. We are louking everywhere and seeking ouC all possible
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sources, people ought to understand." But first the "people" would have to
be told. And, the extent of the financial difficulties of the state is not
being told. A government employee does not hesitate to say: "Members of
the Executive Bureau of the party (Democratic Union of the Malian People,
the only party) are touring the regions. They should inform the people
- about our problems." So the malaise remains.
And yet, information does exist... Everything is in the 1980 budget:
- 77.811 billion Mali francs of expenditures, of which 55.143 billion will go
- toward salaries. Investments? None are foreseen for this year. In the
National Assembly, the minister of Finance and Commerce, Mr Mady Diallo, -
has warned: "The state, which is having a difficult time paying the salaries
of its employees, can no longer function. If urgent remedies are not forth- �
_ coming, we will be faced with social unrest~" And in February 1980, the ,
tension is real. Less because there are no investments than because salaries
were late in arriving. Until May, this irregularity will be the rule.
After that, there will be a little breathing space because we will be able
to use tax revenues.
O~tside the circle of financial experts, it is not known that the budget -
deficit will rise this year to 6.215 billion Mali francs. It is even less
known that the economic situation is serious. Hit ha~d by the international
crisis, ~ust as are many African countries, Mali does not have the means
- to cope. Oil prices continue to climb, prices for equipment are skyrocketing,
while prices for the products Mali exports (cotton, peanuts, livestock,
karite almonds and textiles) are falling. According to a report of the IMF
_ (International Monetary Fund) which appeared on 22 January 1980, the trade
balance has continued to worsen: a deficit of 64 billion Mali francs in
1979, a forecast of 118.4 billion in 1980. Draconian measures have already
� been taken so as to reduce the deficit to 75.9 billion Mali francs. But
this year, Mali cannot avoid importing grain and agricultural machinery.
I
Imagination Required
- What can be done? Actually, no one really knows.
- For example, few Malians know that their agricultural potential is enormous. -
Few people in high poaitions have seen or inspected the broad plains which,
between the Niger River and the Mauritanian border, hold the promise of~ -
future prosperity. They can be irrigated, even if now they are not. But
Chey are empty. Once more, there is a lack of information. At the Niger
Office, which is in charge of developing the region, all they say is that -
it is one of the two or three state enterprises which is "funr~tioa~ing."
That is true. But they do not tell us that beyond the enterprise itself,
Mali has everything to gain by concentrating its efforts on the N~.ger River,
which runs thrc,ugh some 1,70U km of our territory.
General Mobilization? `
In real:Lty, the means exist. Mali has competent personnel in the public
and the private sectors. The money is also there, in the hands of business-
men; but only gover~ent officials are investing in agricultiure--less -
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- , because of a desire to develop the region than to make ends meet. Most wealthy _
individuals are turning their back on agriculture. ~ -
Businpssmen might well become major agricultural forces, even within the
Niger Office. They could exploit, under the colonial system, 100 or 1,000
hectares and make a profit. But two problems remain to be solved. First,
the law establishing the Niger Office did not provide for the participation
of "capitalist~" of this sort. Then too, even if the businessmen go into `
agriculture, who will be responsible for the irrigation pro3 ects and t?ze
development of the land? Many people answer, the army. With a iaa~or ehare ,
of the budget (more than 16 billion Mali francs in 1980), the army hae the
materiel, as well as the manpower.
Perhaps that would be a solution: a general mobilization, called for the
purpose of, and directed toward, accelerating the development of agri-
culture. .
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980
i 8956
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MALI
BRIEFS -
ROAD CONSTRUCTION FINANCING--Thanks to Arab sid, Ma].i will soon be able to
fina~ce the conatruction of an important highway linking the cities of
Mopti and Gao, 556 km from each other. ~.'he Arab Bank for African Ecoaomic -
Development (BADEA) has 3ust granted the Malian gov~rnment a loan of $10 _
- million. It will be paid back over 20 years (with a 5 year grace period),
at an annual interest rate of 4 percent. Nevertheless, this loan constitutes
- only 13.7 percent of the total cost ($78.66 million) of the Mopti-Gao highway _
project, for which other sources of financing have already been found: The
Islamic L~evelopment Bank ($8 ~illion), the OPEC Special Fund ($7 million),
the German Reconr~truction Credit Bank (KFW 17.28 million). Koweit, Saudi
Arabia and Abu Dhabi are said to be willing to make up, along with the ~
Malian government, the difference in financing. In addition to the oCher
advantagea, the construction of the Gao-Mopti highway is indispeneable for
~ the exploitation of the uranium and phosphate deposits discovered in the
north of Mali. That r~gion is also said to contain eizeabla oil.depoeits.
J [Excerpts] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 999 27 Feb 80 pp 46-47] 8956
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- MOZAMBIQUE

- PRODUCTION STATISTICS, 1980 BUDGET REPORTED
Paris MARCHES TROPIC~4UX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Feb 80 p 426
[Text] The socialist, self-management takeover of the Mpzambique economy
~ has been expanded. After the nationalization of coal mining, the sugar
industry and maritime shipping, it extended this year to the cement and
building materials industries and most af the former Portuguese com- -
panies. Nevertheless, the economy is recovering slowly and productivity
- in the state companies is still~far from the objectives set.
_ The year 1979 ca~i be considered a stage of consolidation. Sugar pro-
- duction for the harvest now gojng on is estimated at 214,000 tons (com-
pared with 179,500 tons for the preceding year and 280,000 tone before
independence); the cotton harveat ahowa an increase of 33 percent.
- There has been a subatantial improvement in industrial activity (a 20 ~
percent increase in 1978 and, moat likely, a 15 percent increase in ~
1979) over the very low level during the period of armed struggle.
The budget for fiscal year 1980 was set at 15 million contos (a 25 percent
increase) in receipts and 37 million (a 100 percent increase) in expenses, -
of which 20 million will be allocated for equipment; the greatly in-
creased estimated deficit is expected to be offset by foreign aid. (One
conto equals 1,000 escudos ~hich equal approxima.tely :130 French francs.)
Mineral prospecting will be increased and a program to plant 10,000 hec- -
- tares o~ eucalyptus is scheduled to be completed by 1981.
Among the principal projects is the Mapai Dam; its completion should make
the development of the Limpopo Basin (452,000 sguare kilometers) poseible.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1980
~ -
9479

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- , MOZAMBIQUE
NEW PLANNING MINISTER DEPICTED AS PRAGMATIST
- Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French No 1006, 16 Apr 80 p 30
[Excerpt] Marcelino dos Santos, 49, mj.nister of planning and "Number Two" _
official after Samora Machel, reportedly was the most spectacular victim .
of the "new courae" adopted by Mozambican policy. -
- The man who was at Machel's side in the FRE~IMO from the very beginning
of the armed struggle was regarded as the leader of the "hard line" and
an advocate of a close alliance with the Soviet Union. His departure
on Thursday, 3 April--preceded by the "diami~sal" of three a~re ministers--
constitutes proof of Samo.ra Machel's desire for moderation and rel.axation
following the aettlement of the Rhodesian problem.
Dos Santos' successor, Mario Machungo, now occupies the posts of both
minister of agriculture and planning, thus becoming the country's second
"strongman.01 Technocrat Machungo, an economist and a pragmatist above a11,
- has initiated a policy of decollectivizing the countryside si~ce his
appointment as minister of agriculture fn October 1975, replacing the ~
Mozambican "kolkhozes" by small cooperatives in which the private sectar
plays a part. '
Machungo is anything but orthodox. There is no doubt that a wind of
revisionism wi11 now blow on the entire national economic policy.
Similarly, it is certain that dos San~os' departure must be interpreted
as still another blow--following Mugabe's victory in Zimbabwe--to Sovi~t
policy in Southern Africa.
- COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique GRUPJIA 1980
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MOZAMBIQUE -
BRIEFS
DUTCH ASSISTANCE--The Netherlands will grant 22 million florins (46
million French fran~s) in aid in 1980 to Mozambique to help finance
_ the country's recovery, indicated Mr Jan de Koning, Dutch mi.nister for -
_ Development Aid, to Mrs Janet Mondlane, widow of the founder of FRELIMO,
who traveled to Europe to exp~ain the alarming economic situation of her
country. A co~nunique from the ~utch Mini~try of Development Aid
- specified that 16 million florins of this aid will be a loan and ~
6 million will be a gifto In addition, the Nethe~l.ands will open a line
of credit for 3 million florins in order to obtain food aupplie~ for the -
people of Mozambique. During a press conference at The Hague, Mrs
'Mondlane apecified that applying sanctions against Rhodesia caused
Mozambique conaiderable economic losaes. She added that her country wae
studying the prospects for reAionai economic cooperation wi~h other
countries of southern Africa. �[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDI-
TERR.ANEENS iri French 22 Feb 80 p 458] 9479
SPANISH PARTICIPATION IN FISHING COI~ANY--Official in Maputo have
authorized the forma.tion of a joint Mozambique=Spanish company, which will
have an associates Emopesea on the Mozambique side a.nd Pescanova on the
Spanish side. The latter company is supplying 13 ships which will
operate in I~b zambique waters with fishing rights upon payment for
licensea, Emopesca is supplying 9 ships. Einopesca has 51 percent of the
registered capital and Pescanova, 49 percent. With the formation of this
new ~oint company, there are now three companies of this type in the
Mozambique fishin~ sector; the other two were formed with a Soviet company
and a Japanese company. The new company is counting on a catch of 4,000
tons of shrimp and 700 tons of fish this year. Its operational base is
located at Beira. [Text] [Paris MARG'HES TROPICAUX ET MF.DITERRA1tTEENS in
- French 22 Feb 80 p 458] 94i9
POLITICAL PRISONERS--The Lisbon representative of the Mozambique National
Resistance Movement (opposed to President Samora Machel) sent a telegram
to Amnesty International requesting its support in obtaining the relet~se
of 39 "political prisoners" currently being held in Mozambique. In this
telegram, the resistance move~~nt indicated that it mainly involved
political prisoners held Aittnut trial for more than 4 years. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 22 Feb 80 p 458]
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- BADEA WOOD INDUSTRY LOAN--The administration council of the Arab Bank for
Economic Development in Africa (BADEA) approved, at the beginning of March,
the grant of a$10 million loan to the People's Republic of Mozambique to
cofinance a project to eatablieh at Manica a sawmill-woodworking induetrial
complex. The project, which aims at one and the same time to promote light
- industry and to valorize a national resource, is considered particularly
important. It calls for the following aperationa: installation of an
- industrial complex including a sawmill, with a capacity of 26,000 m3 per _
year, and a plant which makes compressed-wood board with a capacity of
20,000 m3 per year; initiation of a program to exploit wood resources by -
acquiring the equipment and vehicles necessary to fell and transport the
- lumber; set-up of required adequate infrastructures, such as the highways
and railroad tracks to move the lumber out, lodging, social services, ~
- water, electricity, etc.; provision of technical assistance both in complet-
ing the project and training qualified personnel. The pro~ect will be
carried out under the tutelage, first of all, of the Ministers of Agr~cul-
ture and of Public Works and of Che National Planning Agency. There are
plans to create a public enterprise which ultimately will be responsible
for its supervision. The total cost is set at $40.3 million; Sweden's
financial contribution comes to $18 million. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French L4 Mar 80 p~i42] 9589
CSO: 4400
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- SOMALIA
BRIEF~ ~ -
REFUGEE STATISTICS--Because of an EEC contribution, the UNHCR [United -
= National High Cou~ission on Refugees] in January was able to send emergency _
aid to 5omalia in the form of blankets, clothea, toilet articles and
tents (for famil.ies and dispensaries.) ~'he substantial increase in
refugees in this,African natinn made this aid necessary. A~cording to
' the ~oat recent att~tistics, the population of the Yocal reguree campe
reportedly nuanbers 510,000 people, but the government of Mogadishu
_ estimates that 700,000 r.efugees live outside the camps. ~.'he UNHCR plans -
to op~n three local offices: one in the Gedo region (where 223,000
refugees have been counted), a second in the Hiran region (where the
refugees a~e estimated at 127,000) and a third in the northwest (108,000
- refugees). [Text] [Paris MARCHES~TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French -
22 Feb 80 p 454] 9479
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UPPER VOZTA
EFFECTS OF FOP.EIa~J AID, OTI~R ASPECTS OF ECONOMY I10TED
Aid-Recipient Mentality Feared
Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE in French 12 Mar 80 ~ ~
PP 1~t-1~6 . _
/~Article by apecial correspondant Sophfe Bessis: "Seeking a New Policyn 7
~Text 7"You are mistaken, Upper Volta is not a poor country. It has great
potent~al. Our peasants are hardworking. Everyone could have ample Yood
here and lead'a normal life. Certainly our per capita aNP is ~,der 200
dollars, but on that money you can live better in Ouagadougou than on 500
dollare :n Abid~an."
- That is hox one of the former miniaters of (leneral Lamizana, nox an opposi-
tion deputy, e~cpreased it to ue. A taste ~or paradoa, or the result oP a
, thorough avareness of the fact8? An er~claved Sahelisn country, categorized -
by international organizationa aa one of the poorest in ~frica, Upper Vo~ta, -
like its neighbors, 3s seekiaig the quickest xay of emerging from underdevelop-
ment.
Can it have found it in the interest shown it the l~st few years by the donor
' countries and organization8 of the induetrialized xorld? FAC fAid and Coop-
eration Flind
7, EDF, IBRD, IDA, WHp, UND1', etc. A layman gets loat in the
profusion of initials apread in Yarge letters acroas every conatruction site
in the country, or over ~uet about all the development pro~ecta featured in
. the Plan. On],y the initiated can posaibly kno~ what the Land Rover with the
magic legend~"Oncho Pro~ect" on its door belongs to. This ie the pro~ect
for combatting onchocerciasia (river bl3ndnees) in i~est Africa, with ita.
main office, in OuBgadougou, occupying an entire building and employing 500
people, moatly experta from all over. ,
Situated in the heart of the region affected by the great drought at the
- beginning of the aeventies, Ouagadougou hae in fact become a turntable Por
all those who have become aware oP the need for m~aesive aid ta the dieaater-
_ stricken zone. As for Upper Volta, it has attracted all the lenders, Who
- seem to see it ae ~he ideal country to help: it is eaposed to the dangar of
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drought, it produces no oil, the ma~arity rural population is reputedly in-
duatrious, the regime is a democratic one, and that makes it pcaaible, a
rare thing in Atrica, to reconcile economic interests and hwnan righte
and foreign policy 18 diecreetly pro-wastern. A dream, in ahort. So much
ao that today the country doea not lack for funda, xhich moreover weigh only
moderately on ite foreign indebtednees. Indeed, conaidering ita annual per
capita income, the Voltan atate eseentially en~oys aubsidiee and loens under _
- apecially favorable conditiona xhich make th~a much the eame as gifts.
The Other Side of the Coin .
Thus the World Bank�s conaaitmente, in the form~of interest-free loans, hav?
far exceeded 100 million dollars (over 20 billion CFA francs) during the
decade ~u~t concluded, and have been used to ~in~nce the moat varied opera- ~
tions: from road construction to the promotion of the ski~.led craftsinan '
claes. The Volta Valleys Developaent Authority, whose ob,~ective is to absor,: `
the demographic aurplue of the Mossi plateau by settling 16,000 femiliea in
the Volta river valleya between nox and the end of the century, haa received
- 8 billion CFA frarics in subsidies since the operation started, in 1972, nf -
whi.ch nearly one-half comee from F~~ance and r~early one-quarter from the
Netherlande.
However, all ia not going as well as it might, deapite (or because of) the
relative ease in finding money. The fact ia, every coin hae ita other aide. -
The political claes i8 on the whole dieratisfied, and many cadre critici~e
~rith increaaing frankness the negative aspecte of foreign aid. The Voltan
maeses, for their part, are divided between thoae xho hardly see any concrete
results from it and thoae who eacpect everything of it. All are in agreement
in ~aying that xhoever the donor ie~ no aid ia disintereated, but everyone
puta up xith it: development ia a realiatic thing and there is no phiaaua-.
thropy in the relationa between atates. So it is not on thoae grounds that
the lenders are criticized, but rather because they give the goverrnnent an
extremely narrow margin of choice. ~any officiala ~dmit that if tlaey xant to -
get financing, they have to accept pro~ects ~uat as they ar6 xorked out by
- foreign experta, who are heavily involved in development plenning. .
An additional irritation in this country so deeply concerned about democracyt
= the Plan has not yet been approved by the Parliament, and so foreign reaourcea -
eecape the supervision og elected officials. -Mast o� the groductive invest- .
ments are also excluded from the budget and escape all ~uperviaion there, too.
Moreover, a good part of foreign finsncing ia used to pay Por increaaingly
numerous atudiee and an omnipreaeat technical aid. There are sometimes up to
15 atudfea Por the eame pro~ect, each coati~ng several tens of millions; -
there are 300 families in the Dutch community alone in Ouagadougo~t. "The
donora have to get their raoney back," atates i,rith fat,alism the director of an
important 8tate organizat~on. -
- Foreign experte swarm everyWhere. "They are the ones who make the rulee " a -
,
diaillusionec~ ataff inember of the /1W (Volta Yalley~ i~velopnent Authority) -
confided to ue. Triough �~his view is an eaaggerated one, the citizena'
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feeling oY annoyance is reals they aee themselve~ as deprived of re~ponsi-
_ bility to the advantage of foreigners xho often fai.l to recognize the facts
about the country and receive ealariea four or five times h~.gher than they
do. Worees eome productive programs have had to be cut off for lack of
- funda, but the actual number of experta ia never reduced. The eituation is
- , tolerated all the better in that around 100 aenior Voltan staff are nox -
being paid to do nothing: a subtle hitch in democracy in a country where
direct repreasion ie non-exiatent, appointment to a position is "forgotten"
for these opponente, eome of vhom have thus been "unattached" for two yea~a. -
- Others contest the uaefulnesa of various pro~ectas some duplicate ox atart
aithout taking into account what already exists. Some, lastly, are far from
being priorities. The fact ia that each donor country or organization has
its own policy and does not xant to be miued up ~rith others= competition i~
sometimea k~~en between lenders. "We are not getting iavolved in the Banfora
- zone," the repreaentative of an international organization speciYied, "the -
EDF hae taken on the agriculture oY that region." Deap3.te statements streas-
ing the need to coordinate aid, a dan~rerous spirit of parocY~ialiam prevails -
� in this domain; everyone wants to plant his flag on "his own" achievement.
In the face of thia grabbing, common knoxledge to those in ofPice and to the
opposition alike, the government is not responding. Seeking foreign finan-
_ cial and technical assistance eeems, on the contrary, to have become one of
ite main concerns, as if each new loan conatituted a victory in itself.
Today, however, contrary to the paat, the priorfty ieaue is no longer attract-
ing aid but getting control over it and directing it better. The Voltans
have quickly become ueed to receiving foreign aid at all leve~ai the United -
Statee "donatea" sorghum, of which the sacke, with the s'tar-apangled banner
imprint, are often seen in the villagea; UNTCEF bdrea we11a and aupplies -
pumpe to many villagea; France "asaiet~" in the development of cotton pro- -
duction, etcetera. An sid-recipient mentality is apreadirig fast througho~=+.
all strata of the population. "The lendere are developing aa inYautile ~on-
= plex in ue," asaer~.a a~rell-known politician.
Distruat and Disaatisfaction _
Becauae thie opinion has a lot of truth in it, talk has begun to be heard of
late about "graaeroots development," adaptation to the environment, aad par-
ticipation by the population. Having no motivation, the latter~ indeed,
~ efexs ~?ith~more-or leea indifference, even aome hostility, the progresa the
city people or the "e~cpatriatea" are suppoaed to be bringing to it. But the
- undertaking ie not gn eaey one,.becauae political r.estriction beara heavily
upon economi~ optione. Excesaive centralization of power appeara to the
leadera to be the aureat ~ay of keeping it, and many are reluctant to alack-
en the reinas xould not,less strictly controll~d development, autonon~y with
greater choice left up to the beaneficiariee, cast doubt on the omnipotence
of the state? There ie hesitation at the top, while at the World Bank, FAC,
or elaewhere,. "evaluationa" of the "impactn of deve~lopment on the population
are multiplying. A matter.of taehion....
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- Some 200 milea aWay from Ouagadougou, one~s gaze travels over the monotonous
aavannah landscape traversed by a rough trail leading to Ouahigouya, the _
- capital of Yatenga province. Suddenly the eye is caught by a broad splaah
of brillianb green: feveriah activity prevaila in the fex hectarea aqueezed
in between the road and the backxater. Men and women are wataring the flaw-
leaaly alined aquarea, planted xith the moat varied truck farm produce.
Bicyclee and motorized cycles crowd the village etreete. Yet cattle winter-
- ing ia long eince over and the storehouaes are full. But the people here
keep on vorking. With very modeat Yoreign aid, aome Voltan inetructora
teaching them a fev elementa of agricultural intenaification, and the dogged
perseverance of a local man, xho deapite hie diplomas has not "gone up" to
Ouagadougou, the peasants have revived the traditional group solidaritys �
they are digging we118, building a fex indiepeneable infrastructures~ in-
creaeing and diversifying foodstuff production. F'i~elds here, stock raiaing
there, the Whole department is caught up in the contegion.
Where to Begin?
"It is only now that we rea7ly need money," We were told by a man known here
as ~ust Mr Bernard, and xho, untiring, started his organization 10 years ago.
"The people of the region have really tak~n themselves in hand; they want
- to increaae their income and are Well aware that they are the main artisans
- of their improved condition. They do not werat gifts, but are prepared to
rep~y loatia. In that way, the fruita of their labor truly belong to them." _
Money, more intensive techniques Por improving production nobody under-
eatimates the need for them. But ia that r~~ally the place to atart? The
political will for balanced development i~ ~sn obvioua prerequisite. Other- -
xiae foreign cooperation will end up ae mor~ of an alienating factor than
real aid.
Consumer Goods, Service~~ Flourishing
Paria JEUNE AFRIf~UE in ~ench 12 Mar 80 p 1~6
/-Article by F.H: "The Maney Makers" ~
fText
7"FIow is business?� "Mine ~is excellsnt, how about yours?" The
speaker is a Syrian, established for over 25 y~ars in...0uagadougou, the -
capital of a state with a aNP per inhebitant (160 dollars in 1978) that is
one of the world~s weakest. Visibly pleased irith his lateat acquisition,
an airconditioned luxury Mercedes, he introdixces_.hi~eelf as proprietor of
aeveral bakeries and food atores.
It is a fact. Bueinesa can be good in Upper Yolta, and ia sometimes so
profitable that aome people are able to bu~y themselves private aircraft. _
Other succe8s atories are leee spectacular but every bit as real. For
example, that of African self~made men, xho, starting from nothing, arid
without ha~ving any formal education, succeesfully launched out into trade.
One ie a wholesaler in hardware arid building materiala. Do not be taken in
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by his modest appearance and his uncomfortable office at the back of a non-
deacript courtyard full of cackling fowZs. And do not be surprised if he
greets you with a bia wad of .banknotes in his hand. He employs about 60
people, imports frorm all over the world, including Japan, and has a turnover
of aeveral rnillion CFA francs every year.
Hia beet cuetomere? The religioua congrega~iona. His biggeat problema?
Defaultere, the reluctance of bankere to open more than one credit account
at a time, end tranaportation difficultiee eomei~mee you have to wait
over 3 montha for merchandise unloaded in Abid~an to be claimed in
Ouagadougou. But invoices are payable within 90 days. -
What doea it matter! Thoae are the riBks of the ~o~, and the vitality oP
Yoltan tradespeople is such that some of the international acale import-
expor~ companies, though in a better position to take advantage of favorable
prices, are getting xorried. Especially since they are sub~ect to customs -
controls that they consider stricter than thoae imposed on their competitors.
_ Etien though transportation pro~lems have a large part of the country~s econo-
mic life paralyzed, trucking agents themselvea are doing Well. They make u~ -
for the serious inadequacies in railroad traffic. A truck...and off they go
adventuring, first taking care to make an agreement with competitors to
"share" the network. It is indeed a case of adventuring. For representa-
tives oP "the authorities," particularly supercilious, are conste~ntly stop- '
ping the trucks to exact, under pretext of some administrative inYracti4n or
other, a nice littl~ round sums 30,000 CFA Yrancs, 50,000 CFA ~rancs, eome- -
times more. Thie ie a common practice throughout the region. Are not eome =
Malian colleaguea complaining of being aub~ected to up to 52 inapectione on -
the road from Bamako to Lome?
But the trade activity moving along, ao to speak, moet briskly, is that of ~
the bicycle sellers. People like to repeat the catch-phraee: ~Upper Volta
is Africa's Hollando" E~erywhere, in town as in the village~, gleaming
bicyclee trundle along in their dozena, at the mercy of at~y speeding car.
But it is motorcycles, in apite of xhat they coet, that figure in the Voltana~
dreams. At the price of heavy indebtedness, or with the money aent by some
relative xorking abroad, they try to get one of these machines, to xhich -
their wives in ennoyance have no hesitation in applying epithetas
"I~y husband would..." Though the most basic model is available at 12"0,000
CFA francs, the ones most highly regarded (usually Japsnese) are around
300,000 CFA francs.
_ So raoney is to be found in Upper Yolta. It circulates essentially in the
aector of services, known to be superabundant in the Third World. Is that
_ regrettable? The real issue perhaps is to tind a xay to channel it into
the coffers .of the state.
COPYRIt3HTs Jeur~e Afri~que ~RUPJIA 1980
1211~9
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ZAIRE -
BRIEFS
PORTUGUESE RESIDENTS--According to the Portuguese Press Agency, which citea
official Zairian sources, President Mobutu is allegedly planr~ing to place
100,0~0 Portuguese in Zaire. In the summer, President Eanes is to go to ~
Zaire to sign cultural cooperation and technical agreements. There are al- _
ready 30,000 persons of Portuguese origin in Zaire, or 7,000 families. -
[Text) [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 7 Mar 80 p 576]
- ALUMINUM TALKS WITH EUROPEANS--The plan for an aluminum plant in Zaire is
being discussed again. The Alusuisse Company will engage in talks next July
- with European aluminum manufacturers, especially West Germans and Norwe-
gians in order to establish a consortium to construct a plant in Zaire.
Alusuisae w ill be at the head of it. This was learned on 15 March f ollow-
ing the visit of a Zairian delegation to Switzerland. The construction of
a raw aluminum plant in Zaire has been the sub~ect of discussions between
Alusuisae and Zairian authorities since 197~. This pro~ect is ~onnected
with the much larger pro~ect of the development of the Banana port zone.
- [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 28 Mar 80
p 757]
BAS ZAIRE-SHABA RAILWAY--An official communique distributed on 19 March in
- Kinshasa indicates that Zairian authorities are planning to link Bas Zaire
~ with Shaba by rail. This link will depend on existing lines and will be -
= connected to various pro~ects already under way, particularly the 800-meter
railway/highway bridge that the Japanes~ are constructing over the Zaire
River above the port of Matadi. It will permit Zaire to export ores and
by-products, especially copper; without the loan of the lines currently
used from Lobito (Angola), Dar es Salaam (Tanzania), and Beira (Mozambique).
[Excerpt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MIDITERRANEENS in French 28 Mar 80 -
P ~s~)
- COFFEE EXPORTS DOWN--Some 62,800 tons~of coffee were exported from Zaire
during the last campaign compared with 81,850 tons in 1978. These f igures
were given out by the Zairian Cof�ee Off ice (OZACAF) which lays this _
decrease to fraud and to the political s{tuation in Uganda. Some of the -
- coffee produced in the northeast of the cc~u~~~ry goes through Uganda and ia _
exported through Mombasa (Kenya). This caused the loss of 252 million
French francs. Exports of coffee should increase in 1980, OZACAF esti-
mates, b ecause of organization and cleanup efforts in the market. [Text] '
_ [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUI~ ET MIDITERR.ANEENS in French 2$ Mar 80 p 757]
END
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