JPRS ID: 9081 LATIN AMERICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200080018-2
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• Content Type: REPORTS

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,~PRS L/90& 1
8 May 1980
- Latin America Re ort ~
p
CFOUO 10/80) _
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JPRS L/9081
8 May 1980
LATIN AMERICA REPORT
CFOUO lo/so)
CONTENTS -
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS
Peru's IrIDP, UNIR, PPC Support Government on Cuban
Refugee Crisia
(PRELA, 8 Apr 80) 1
Peru's AI~S, FOCEP Support Cuba in Refugee Crisis -
~RELA, 9, 10 Apr 80) 3
~ AR~ Communique _
FOCEP Declaration
ARGENTINA
Columnist Defines CoherenC Foreign Policy as Sign of Maturity
(Sergio Ceron; LA OPINION, 6 Apr 80) 6
CUBA
World Opposition to U.S. Maneuvers Cited
(PRELA, 26 Apr 80) 11
'PI~ELA' Criticizes Morocco's Break in Relations With Cuba
(Ramon Martinez; PRELA, 23 Apr 80) 12
'PRELA' Reports on Victory of M-19 Operation in Colombia
(Walfredo Angulo; PRELA, 27 Apr 80) 14 -
NICARAGU??
_ Sandinist Labor Leader Addresaes CNTP Congress
(PRELA, 22 Apr 80) 16
- a - [III - LA - 144 FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued)
PERU
~ Briefa
' 'Cooperation With Bulgaria 17
URUGUAY
Briefs
_ Alvarez on Aborted Rescue 18
Commission Rehabilitates 33 Politicians 18
Envoy to Switzerland 19
IDB Loan Agreement 19
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~ ARGENTINA
COL'uiT1~IIST DEFINES COF~iF1JT FOR~'IGN POLICX AS SIGN OF MATQRIT~I
~ Buenos Airea T~A OPINION in ~iaaish 6 Apr 80 p 12
[Article by S~rgio Cero;~j
[Text] In his measage of Ptonday, 31 March, the presid.ent pointed out to
the nat~on the unique outlir.es Argentine foreig~ policy has acquired
and described what took place in tha.t domain before 24 r~rcr~ 1976 as
"aa erratic, limping international policy rrithout objectives,.~"
This lack of coherer.ce and continuity ii; the conduct og Arg~entine foreign
policy was not let it be cl~arly understood - the exclusise responsi-
bility of the l~gal government, although the disorder and power vacuum
, that marked i+. contributed toxard a heightening of the crisis. For prac-
tically decades, our country~ having abandoned the protect:on afforded by
Great Britain to whose political pregram it was bound up until World War
II, wandered in aea:rch of its �nternational personal~ty. Or, if you pre-
fer, to use an expresaion nore in accord with current usa~, it undertook
the task of defining its angle of inaertion into the world of today and
of aasip~ing itself a role in the cancer+ of n~tions~
This task has aot yet be~n completed but the outlines of a forei~ policy
conducted. to assert our national presence in the region (Latin America)
~ and the world ha.ve begun to emerg~e. And this has been made possible be-
_ cause the mi.litazy government has succeeded in consolidating an imag+e of
coherence and conti.nuity in its domestic activities, Argentina. in 1980 _
, is ar~ ordered na.tion, with defined objectives (these may or may not be
Bhaxed. bat ~hey are public lrnowledge), one which has succeeded in uniting
the ma~or?ty of its people in defense of its dignity and ite soverei~ty.
Argentina on the Continen~
For a long time we Argentines spoke out aga~nst Latin-Americanism while
in reality our intere~ts and our hopes l~y in Old Europe and the United
_ States. During that period we w~ent from an attitude of superiority (we
_ claimed to be a direct ~ransplant of ~,~ropeans on a continent full of
half-breeds attd blacks) to a position of inferiority (discriminated against
by our supposed parents, sta~nating in the economic, technological and
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~cientific development of the turn of the cent~.iry, we felt ourselves cast
out and diminished in stature). In an~;er, we claimed to belor.g to the _
- '~Thii'd World" without really ever mana~ing to convince ourselves at all ~
of this association.
Ar~entina is going throu~ a phase of maturity in which it muet asaext
ita persone.lity. A con~tr~dictory pereonality ~nto which Fliropean and -
American elem~nts are woven since our culture is predominantly traneatlan-
tic and our hietorical, geopolitical and economic interests, ae well aa
our plsn for the future, indissolubly tie us to I,atin Azaerica,
,
To overcome this schizophrenia is the great undertaking we are confronted
with. ~
The world of today is moving towaxd ever broadEr and more integrated geo-
_ political and geoeconoraic domains, For each Latin-American country to be
able to cut a path through the jungle of i.nterests vying with one another
- to attain the bes~t standing among the na.tions of the world, it will un-
_ ~ failingly have to unite itself with its nei~bors. Despite the muTtipo-
_ laxity of world powerr the small na.tions, and the medium-sized powers too,
cannot now successfully compete nn their own.
~
Thua Latin-Americar_ complementation and integration form an objective
which, clearly established by the military gr-*ernment, is shaxEd by the
re:3t of the commn~nity. The approach to m~mbershi.p in the Andean Pact com- ~
munity i~ a big step that was ta.~Cen about mid-Maxch by Foreign Affairs
I~Liniater Caxlos Washington Pastor, Seventy million people comprise the
market provided by Venezuela, Colambia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, which
brings with it promising poasibilitiea for stepping up commercial, finari-
cial, ~cientific, technological and cultural relations.
~ But it ;neans oven mor~ than~~his, An agreement with this group of coun- ~
tries, which woutd certainly be ~oined by Brazil, would prompt all a�
~ La.tin America to a thorough revision of the Nlontevideo Treaty, which cre-
ated the Lata.n-American Free Trade Association (LAF'PA) to turn it into an =
- effective toal.for the overall development of the region,
Washington Herrera, an ~cuadorean and member of the Andean Group Council, ~
- publicly confirmed that organization's decision to expand its relations _
with Argentina as past of its foreign policy, Conversations held among
the membexa indicate that there are important areas of convergenae that
will enable us to progress in terms of common groals. Overall Andean-
- Argentine trade evolved from yj171 millian in 1969 to over $760 millian in -
1978, but the possibilities for the future are much greater.
Bu~t there is ~omething that Argentina must not lose sight of. The Andean _
countries assign particula.r importance to the main artery of And.ean high-
way traffic which strengthens Buenos Aires' geopolitical decision to re- ~
inforce its historic link with Lima. over the Bolivian plateau, thus estab-
lisY~in~ a connactian with Argentj.na through reaiization of the potential ;
. 7
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of its northwest~rn re~ion (Salta, Ju~uy, Tucuman, La. Rioja).
This joint strats~yr directive will, moreover, block the ald Brazilian dream
of expanding its economic and political influence through the creation of
an east-West overland artery that would link up with its Atlantic ports.
A~reement With Brazil
So, as history seems to have conde~med Argent3na and Brazil to confront
one another, the future, on the other hand, will tend to impose on them
~he r~ecessity for mutual cooperation in order to face the challeng+e of
world centers of power. The c~mami.es of scientific and technological
evolution, which the central powers ~ealously keep to themselves, requires
ever gxeater economic and human resources to keep the gap between them -
and those countries on the periphery from widening. -
6Zuite a few observers consider a short or medium-term agreement between
~Axgentina and Brazil to be indispensable. The development of joint pro-
gra.ms seems to be the only wa4Y that both countries can gain access to the
technology of the postindustrial era and, furthermore, head a movement in
I~atin America to integrate the region into a market of vast design. '
Ultimately, to in the space of a few decacies create a new power factor of
international dimensions.
Otherwise, I,ati.n America will always be a hunting preserve for transnation-
al. intcrests that will r~le~a.tE it to the role of supplier of raw ~a.terials
~ind cheap labor~ -
2da doubt~ President Fi~ueiredo's visit this coming I~fa.y will open the w~y
= to a tough debate, perha.ps an impasaioned debate, between partisaris of
confrontation and of almost unconditional approach toward one another~
~etxeen the two groups, at their center of balanae, an appropriate solu-
tion will be found for an undertaking that can mobilize an entire continent.
llecline of th~ Stick ~
During the 20th century, American forces have invaded Nicaragua, the Doroi-
nican Repub~ic, Aaiti, rlexico and Cuba. They did ~o serving the "big sticY" _
policy advoca.ted by Theodore Roosevelt. Fortunately, tha.t er~, is past.
But now, at the beginni.ng of the 1980's, we are witnesa to a paradoxical '
situation~ While American interesta in Latin ~merica are greater than ever,
f~le usual instruments of power of the dominant continental power axe ever
less e:ffective~
The proliferation of political renters throughout the world China, the ~
E.'EC, OPEC, the riovemen~ of Nonalined Nations has masked the end of the
Union's geopolitical proteatorate in the Caxibbean and Central America. ~ -
But, simultaneously, Am~rican dependence on Venezuelau and ';exican oil is
increasi.n~ anc~ Latan America absorbs 80 percent of U. S. trade with the
developing countries.
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The fall of Anastasio Somoza and nthronement of the Sandinist Front in
Nicara,~u~~., ~he almost certain possibility that the lef~ will assume power
- in A S~.l.vadorv the threat of imminent disintegration in G~.iateiaa.la and
. Honduras, added to the irritating presence of Cuba, to the explosive situ-
ation of the microstates of the former West Indies and Washi.ngton's diffi-
cult rela~ions with Jau~ai.ca and (~�uana threaten to turn the old Yankee
'~mare nostruiu" into a soofalist lake~ Against this canJas of political .
disintegration, it is not utopian to su~~pose that the pressure of the
leftist forcea will attempt to repeat ii;s ma.rch to the south. The Bogrota
- episode (the capture of the Dominican ~nbassy) may be an isolated instance
or a symptom of the fact that, faced w~.th the failure of subversion in the
Southern Hemisphere, the extremist off~nsive i~ choosin~ ranother battle- -
field,
It is obvious tha.t the United States can no longer by itself set the cor-
rect or incorrect pace on the continent. Only the existence of anoth.er
_ ~ower center can assure us the minimal conditions for political stability
~outh of I~Iexico, but basically from the Caribbean coastline to Cape Horn,
2'his is the role Argentina and Brazil could jointly play, to the extent
that their collaboration within the Andean Pact community supersedes merely
economic interests to forn the outlines of a dynamic policy of technolo-
gical and scientific integration. The result will of necessity be an
approximation of their respective points of vierr on the political equi-
librium of the continent, as a reassurance that they will not misapply
those achievements. .
alliance of this sort between the Cartagena Pact nations ~.n~ the two
top :,outh Aznerican pawers would bring in behind it all of South America ,
and have a decisive influence on the f~:ture destiny of the Caribbean and ,
Centra.l. An~erica. ;
~
Grt,tiy ~'lrea
Now, at a cr_iti_cal moment in reaehing agreement with Drazil and with the _
opening of a new phase in our relation3 with the United States, with Axg~:n- ~
tine nuclear policy victorious throu~ the signing of the contract wzth
Switzerland for the heavy water plant and confirmation of the sale of the
German reactor for Atucha II, our ties with Peru (nuelear complex built
- by CTvPA [National Atomic IIzer~y Commis~ion~), Bolivia (extension of the
'lacuiba-Santa Cruz Railroad to Trinidad) and Uruguay (international bridges
and Sal to Grande) stren~thened~ there is still a"gray area" in our foreign
nolicy.
Obviously, this is the conflict with Chile. The latest, carefully ambi~zous~
- tripartite comunznique concerning Vatican nediation seems more calculated
to a11ay fears than to reveal any real progress in the negotiations,
Any other corimentary would be premature and riaky. We will ha.we to go on
waiting. At any rate, time seems to be working in favor of Argentina,
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In tne bri~t period since the Holy See Uegan to take an active part in
tne matter, our country has acquired unQxpected relevance in terms of world
opinion, is trying Zo normalize its realtions with the IInited States and
to e~tabli~h historic accord with Brazil. The Chilean Government, on
the other hand, is totally isolated. Despised by the Americans because
of the "Letelier affair," it has lost a11 hope of counting on the Brazilian
~ peso to counterbalazice greater Argentine potential, The slap in the face
- l~uQusto I'inochet received during his disastrous trip to the Philippines
dramatically empha.sizes thi~ isolation~
From whom would Chile reoeive aid in the event of a possible armed conflict
with Axgentina? Only a suicidal attitude could carry such intransigence
to an extreme in the face of Buenos Aires' legitimate demands to once a,nd
for all define each nation's geopolitical influences the Pacific for
Chile and the Atlantic for Argentina. In this context, any solution may
be forthcomin~~ ~,~en the one most to be desired: a~reeing with Chile on
- a policy of cooperation in terms of which their common intereats thPre
are many nore of these than opposed interests could be realized, one
which would at the same time facilitate the incorpora.tion of that nation
into continental inte~,ra,tion.
COPYRIGHT: La Opinion, 1980
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CUBA
WORLD OPPOSITTON TO U. S. MANEUVERS CITED
PA262248 Havana PRELA in Englist? 1745 GMT 26 Apr 80 .
(Text] United Nations, Apr 26 (PL)--The ambassador of Vietnam, Ha Van Lau,
stated yesterday that the military maneuvers of the United States in the
Caribbean and the landing of troops in Guantanamo threaten the sovereignty
of the independent states of the region.
In statements to PRENSA LATINA, Ha Van Lau expreased that these activities
of U.S. imperialism are part of its counterrevolutionary global strategy
to increas~ its military presence and provocations in different parts of
the world, fundamentally in strategic areas.
The maneuvers, he added, threaten the peace and security of the region
and the United States will have to assume the responsibility for the -
consequences of its actions.
"The time has now passed when U.S. imperialism can impose its will without
paying the price," explained the Vietnamese diplomat.
On the other hand, functionaries of the Afghan mission classified the
maneuvers scheduled by the United States for next month as a result of -
its defeats in several parts of the world.
The government of Washington, they said, feels the need to stage maneuvers
to demonstrate its force, like this landing of troops in~the naval base
- of Giiantanamo, Cuban territory illegally occupied by the United States.
Alemayehu Seifu, of Fthiopia, reiterated the opposition of his country
. to,the militarization of the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean, and explained
that the military activities of the United States in these regions -
threaten the peace. and security of the countries of the area.
In statements in PRENSA LATINA, Seifu affirmed that the U.S. 3ctions will
only increase the current tension in the international sphere.
~ For his,part, a diplomat of the Lao People's Democratic Republic recalled
_ that his country opposes this type of military maneuvers which endanger ~
the security of the countries in diff erent parts of the world.
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CUBA
'PRELA' CRITICIZES MOROCCO'S BREAK IN RELATIONS WITH CUBA
PA231508 Havana PRELA in Spanish 0325 (~IT 23 Apr 80 PA
_ [Article by Ramon Martinez: "The Maroccan-styie Hallstein Doctrine"J
[TextJ Following the dang~rous course of the Hallstein doctrine--which in
the 1950's threatened to isolate the FRG--the Kingdom of Morocco has de-
cided to break diplomatic relations with Cuba.
;
Th~ee months after Cuba recognized the Saharan Democratic Arab ~Republic
(SDAR), King Hassan II now reacts by breaking relations with Cuba,.follow- _
ing the campaign unleashed by U.S. imperialism against the Caribbean island. _
In 1952 when he was in charge of West Germany's foreign policy, Walter
Halletein established the policy which carries his name: The FRG will
break diplomatic relations with any .country that dares to recognize the non-
exiatent GDR."
The SDAR does not exist for Morocco despite the fact that 37 countries have
- recognized it and that the POLISARIO Army almost daily inflicts heavy de-
feata on the Moroccan troops which occupy Western Sahara.
The final declaration of the 6th Nonalined Summit in Havana in September
expressed the cnnference participants' concern over the serious situation
in Western Sahar~. In that territory, the declaration stated, the process
of decol.onization and the granting of independence to colonial peoples and
countries has not been carried out in accordance with UN General Assembly -
Reaolution No 1514. '
Confronting the OAU--whose resolutiane, besides recognizing the Saharan
people's right to self-determination, call for a cease-fire in Western
Sahara--and in frank collusion with the United Statea, M~rocco has in-
- siated in internationalizing the conflict and endangering world peace.
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The U.,~. Govertmnent, which is present in all conflicts that threaten the
aecurity of peop~es, is getting ready to undertake dangerous military
maneuvere in the Caribbean Sea in a clear attempt to intimidate Cuba and
other countries of the area that have re~ected its imperialiet interfer-
- ence and plicq.
At the same time, the U.S. Government is strengthening the world's most
corrupt and reactionary regimea to halt the increase of the national libera-
tion movements and to maintain its privilegea in those countries.
J The United States has been one of the main supporters of Morocco in the
colonialiet war it is waging in Western Sahara at a cost of more than
$1 million a day and to the detriment of the Moroccan people's chances to
have peaceful lives.
Disregarding what the member-atates of the moat important international
organizations believe is ~ust and legal, Morocco apparently plana to con-
tinue to occupy Weatern Sahara and to further isolate itaelf with ita cur-
rent Hallatein-style policy.
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CUBA
'PRELA' REPORTS ON VICTORY OF M-19 OPERATION IN COLOMBIA I
PA271622 Havana PRELA in Spanish 1542 GMT 27 Apr 80 PA
[Report by Walfredo Angulo: "M-19's Operation 'Democracy and Liberty' !
Triumphs"] ~
[Excerpts] The Jorge Marcos Zambrano commando unit departed triumphantly
from the Dominican Embassy in Bogota in the company of several hostages
and political prisaners [as received] following a long and tense 2~month
wait and permanently threatened by a bloody end.
The guerrillas made the victory sign with their hands as they emerged from
the diplomatic misaion and went ia the direction of the vehiclea which took
- the party to Eldorado airport, where they boarded a Cuban plane for Havana. ,
The executors of the biggest kidnapping of diplomats in history departed
accompanied by political prisonera freed as a result of the negotiations
between 19 April Movement [M-19] guerrillas and the Colombian Government
during 25 controveraial dialoga. [sentences se received] In addition,
several ambaesadors traveled ae hostagea.
The commandos had initially demanded aa coadition for releasing the hostages ~
~he release from prison of 311 political prisonera, payment of $50 million, -
the publication of organization documenta and the ability to leave the
country.
But the true purpoae of the action was to attract world attention to Colombia _
~~Which ia the negation of democracy in all mf:its forms" according to M-19
leaders being held prisoners in Bogota's La Picota 3ai1.
"The world muat know that we have the world's highest child death rate,
illiteracy, unemplo}~ment, prostitution, traffice of marihuana and narcotics,"
asserted members of the movement's national leadership..
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In addition, they remarked, the operation was for the purpose of appealing
to the democrats of the world to join, more actively and efficiently,
_ the struggle for a new international economic and social order.
The gue~rillas had ~to resist the strong preasure of the so-called "hard
- sector" of the Colombia Armq, which wazted to seize the diplomatic mission
by force without taking into acco:~nt the number of casualties auch a measure
could cause, after the 27 Feb-uary occupation by the M-19. _
As details for the departure were completed yesterday, the obaervexs agreed
in saying that the victory of the M-19's "democra~y and liberty" operation ~
will have atrong repercusaions at this moment in which broad sectory of ~
Colombians are seeking new political paths outside the liberal and conser-
vative parties, which have held power for the past 22 years.
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NICARAGUA
SANDINIST T,~OR LEADER ADDRESSES CNTP CONGRESS
PA230412 Hdvana PRELA in Spanish 0135 GMT 22 Apr 80
[Text] Panama City, 20 Apr (PL)--A leader of the Sandinist Workers
Federation [CST] has thanked various countries for the unconditional
. support they have offered Nicaragua ~nd has accused the United States
of vetoing a loan that was to be used in benef it of the Nicaraguan
peop le .
During a speech, which was interrupted several times by applause, _
Alberto Mercado told the Fifth Congress of the National Central of
Panamanian Workers that Nicaragua was not going to be compromised for
a handful of dollars. "We have a historic commitment and we are going
~ to f ulfill it," he said.
Mercado, a member of the organizing coB�nittee of the CST, noted that the
Unitad States vetoed the only loan to his country which was really going
to be used in benefit of the people.
Mercado said in Nicaragua the main task is national reconstruction and
noted that for the f irst time in the country's history, a planned economic
effort is being carried ~ut to benefit the majority. He said the 1980 plan
' has the or,jective of opening 90,000 new jobs to bring down the unemployment
' rate inherited from the dictatorship, which affects 250,000 Nicaraguans.
_ He added that the national reconstruction program means that the people
will be given better medical attention. The reconstruction program also
has the ob~ective of securing a sound take-off toward finding solutions
to the serious social problems that are hounding the people as a tragic
inheritance from 40 years of Somozism.
Mercado noted the part3.cipation of the Nicaraguan working clas~- in the re-
construction of the country and as an example listed the incorporation of
40,000 workers in the literacy campaign being carried out throughout
Nicaragua.
The Sandinist labor leader reiterated the gratitude of the Nicaraguan
people and government for the solidary and unconditional help given by the
people of the world to the revolutionary struggle and the national recon-
struction. He added that the best contribution the Nicaraguan people can
offer to the countries struggling for their liberation and emancipation is
to consolidate their own revolution.
'lb!
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