JPRS ID: 9088 USSR REPORT LIFE SCIENCES AGROTECHNOLOGY AND FOOD RESOURCES

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FOR OFFICIA., LiSE (1NLY
JPRS L/9088
'13 May 1980
/ ,
USSR ~e ~ort -
p
- LIFE SCIEN~ES =
~ AGR~JTECHNOLOGY AND FdOC~ RESOURCES
CFOUO 1 /80)
,
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_ JPRS L/9088
13 May ?980 ,
USS R REPO RT
LIFE $CIENCES
AGROTE~HNOLOGY AND FOOD RESOURCES
(FOUO 1/80) -
- CONTENTS
INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLO~Y
Preserved Mixed Feeds. Review Information 1
Influence of Bac*_erial Biomasses From N-Paraffins on the
Bedy cf Meat Swine 2
~rowth and Development of Lambs Raised Without Mothers
and Using Various Sources of Protein in Milk Substitutes..... 3 ~
Effect on Pige of Fodder Yeasts ~'roduced on Methanol........... 5
Protein-Vitamin Preparation as a Component of a Mixed Feed..... 7
Use of an Enzyme Preparation Pectofetidin PZOx in Diets
of Broi~ers......~ 9
All-Union Meeting on Enzymes of Microorganisms 10
Pectofetidin G3x in Diets of Fattened Young Cattle............~ 15
Devising an Industry-Branch Standard of Produc*_ion by the
Microbiological Industry. Terms and Definitions 19
Republic Standards for M~.crobiological Production 21
VETERINARY I~'.EDI~INE -
Conference on Technology of Production of Biological
Preparations 23
a~ [III - US5R - 21n S&T FOUO]
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INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
UDC 636.087.7
PRESERVED MIXED b'EEDS . ~tEVIi~.'W INFORMATION ~
Moscow KONSERVANTY KOMBIKORMOV. OBZORNAYA INFORMATSIYA 5 p brochure in
Russian (translation of brochure title, above) 1978
BR.ATERSKIY, F. D. and PELEVIN, A. D.
[From MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PR02-fYSHLENNOST', NAUCHIIO-TEKHNICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBQRNIK No 2 1979 p 3 abstract dated 14 Feb 79 by Ye. A. Andreyeva ~
under the heading "Biologically Active Substances in M~.xed Feeds"]
- [TextJ Pz�actice has shown the great economic effectiveness of using high
quality ruixed feeds for animals and poultry; rheir production specifies
use of protein-vitamin additives (PVA~, enriched combinations of biolog-
ically--active substances such as bacterial enzyme preparations--aminoaubtilin
G3x, protosubtilin G3x and others. Under conditions of continuous improve-
ment of the technological process of production of mixed feeds, special im-
portance is acquired by questions of stabilization of the various biolog-
ically-active substances in the mixed feeds and the PVA. This stabiliza-�
tion is accomplished basically by additi,o~i of antioxidants to the components
of th~ enriching additives. Study was made of the economic effectiveness
on broiler chickens of use of antiox~dants. Results of the research under-
_ taken showed that feeding mixed fodders containing santokhin makes it pos-
~ sible to increase growth of the broilers by 9.4-9.8X, and, containing di-
ludin, by 8.3-8.5~, as compared with poultry whose feed is prepared without
antioxidants. In addition, antioxidants have a positive eff.ect on the bio-
chemical processes in the body of animals: they promote an increase in
reserves of carotene and fat-soluble vitamins in the b:.uod, they protect
_ against oxidation of internal and subcLtaneous fat of poultry carcassea `
duritig storage.
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Na~ichno-te~hnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennoati
(ONTI~EImikrobioprom), 1979
_ [542-8586]
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UDC 636.087.74
INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL BIOMA5SES FROM N-PARAF~INS ON THE BODY OF MEAT SWINE ,
Persianovka POVYSHENIYE PRODUKTIVNOSTI ~EL'SKOKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH ZHIVOTNYKH.
SB. STATEY a collection of arttclES in Russian (translation of the title
= of this article, above) Vol 13 No 2 1978,p 73
KINDYA, V. I.
[From MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSN~ENNOST', NAUCHNO-'TEKFINICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK No 2 1979 pp 3-4 abstract dated 14 Feb 79 by Ye. A. Andre-
' yeva under the heading "Pig Ration Containing a Bacterial Biomass Based on
= ~T-Paraf f ins" )
[Text] For fuller realization of the individual features of ineat stock
swine, high-quality feeding is of great importance. In this connection, -
xesearch was carried out to study the effect of bacterial bioma~s from
n-paraffins on the body of ineat swine. For this purpose, a bacterial
biomass from n-paraffins was used as a protein supplement i:~ a pig ration;
the biomass replaced 251' of the dai~y requirement of the animals in di-
gestible protein.
Results of the tests showed that the mean daily growth in the period of _
the experiment was higher in the pigs which got tl*,e bacterial biomass
_ from n-paraffins.(group 1) as compared with the control (group 2) by 1.77~. ~
In study of the morphological and biochemical indices of the pig blood no
reliable differ~nce was found but a tendency was noted to an increase in
" content of protein and its fractions in the,pigs of group 1, eapecially
during the firat and second month of the experiment, which indicates a -
higher level of synthesis in them of aerum proteins. Content of protein
_ in the sp~.nal longissimus muscle was higher in pigs of group 1 by 1.81~, -
while the content of fat and hydroxyproline was, respectively, lower by
20.1 and 6.5~. Iaclusion, in the animal ration, of the bacterial biomase
from n-paraffina intensifies the anabolic processes of protein in the pig
= body and it providAs a mean daily rise in fat mass of the pigs in the
range of 496-505 g.
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye�Nauchno-tekhnic:~eskoy.informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh iseledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(ONTITEImikrobioprom), 1979
[542-8586J
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UDC 636.087.74
_ GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF LAMBS RAISED WITHOUT MOTHERS AND USING VARIOUS
SOURCES OF PROTEIN IN MILK SUBSTITUTES
POVYSHENIYE PRODUKTIVNOSTI SEL'SKaKHOZYAYSTVENNYKH ZHIVOTNYKH. SB. STATEY
a collection of articles in Russian (~ranslation of title of this art:icle,
_ above) Vol 13 No 2 1978 p 17
KOLOSOV, YU. A.
,
[From MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TEKHNICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK No 2 1979 p 4 abstract dated 14 Feb 79 by 'Ye. A. Andrey-
eva under the heading "Use of Hydrocarbona of Y~asts in place of Skim
Milk in a Sheep Milk Substitute"]
(Text] An important place, among the complex of problems in the field of -
aheep rais{ng, has been occupied in recent yeara by working out new pro-
cedures to increase the preservation of lambs. For this reason, ever
broader extenaion is being received by artificial raising of lambs, in
specialized quarters, on sheep milk substitutes. However, growth in de-
mand for a milk substitute is outstripping by far the possibilities for
its preparation according to formulae in whi~h the basic component is skim
milk. In this connection, for partial replacement in the composition of
- the milk substitute it has been suggested to use yeasts based on hydro-
carbons; these yeasts are high quality feeds, containing up to 50% pro-
tein, approaching, in biological value, protein of animal origin. To test
this suggestion, tests were carried out which per~i~ discovery of the
optimal quantity of yeasts in the composition of the aheep milk substitute.
For the tests, lambs were divided into five groups three of which received
yeast in the composition of milk subatitute in an amount of 5.4, 8.1 and
13.5% of the dry substance, rea�~~ectively. Animals of the fourth group got
a substitute composed only of aKim milk in a hydrofat with inclusion of
- vitamin-mineral additivea; the fifth group was kept with the mothers and
served as a control.
The mean daily increases in the milk period indicated best growth and de-
- velopment of animals kept with the, mothers. However, in 4.5-month growth
this lag was decreased, and lambs of groups 3 and 4- with respect to fat
maes-reached the levels of the control lambs. In this case, probably,
this was the result of earlier accuatoming of the lambs to the coarse
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concentrates and, subsequently, to green feed. As a result of earlier
and intensive development of the digestive system, better use of the feeds,
and higher assimilation of them by the lambs with the artificially feeding,
was observe3.
- COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnichesk~y informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issl~edovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(ONTITEImikrobioprom), 1979 ~
[542-8586] -
~ ~
8586
CSO: 1840
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- _ UDC 636.087.74
EFFECT ON PIGS OF FODDER YEASTS PRODUCED ON METHANOL
- Persianovka POVYSHENIYE PRODUKTIVAi~STI S/Kh. ZHIVOTNYKH Sb. in Russian
(translation of the title~of this article, above) Vol 13 No 2 1978 p 87
LADAN, P. YE., UZHAKO, L. V., STEPANOV, G~. I. and TOKAPENKO, I. P.
[From MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TEKHIIICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK No 2 1979 pp 4-5 abstract dated 14 Feb 79 by Ye. A. Andre-
yeva, under the heading "Fodder Yeasts Produced on Methanol in the Ration
of Pigs"]
[Text] At the presenr_ time, studies of new sources of protein fodder are
taking on a broad scope. One such source is fodder protein produced via
- microbiological synthesis on low molecular weight alcohols.
A number of investigations have been carried out to determine the possi-
bility nf using yeasts from methanol in the diet of swi~ne. For this purpose
a piglet control group, I, was fed meat-bone-and-fish-meal--20y of their
_ protein requirement--and, gro~~ps II and III, yeasta from methanol--20 and
15% reapectively.
Study results show that intensity of growth of the piglets was higher than
_ that of the controls. Riae in live weight in the first and second month
of the experiment exceeded the control by 14.4-21.5%. Expenditures of
- fodder per rise in the test groups were lower thsn in the control. Feed-
ing of the fodder products, obtained on methanol, did not cause a depress-
ing action on the hQmiopoetic function of the animals. The amount of
erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes in the blood of all groups was prac-
tically the same. Results of the control slaughter indicate a higher
level of biosynthesis of proteina in the pigs of thP experimental groups
as compared with the control. In the carcasses of the animals of the ex-
perimental group, as c~mpared with the control, the meat yield was some-
" what higher and the faL, lower. In addition, there were seen some differ-
ences in content of individual aminoacids in the pig muscle. Thus, swine
of groups II and III, as compared with I, showed a higher content of ly- `
sine, arginine, histidine, with a lower leve~ of tryptopha:~. This per-
mitted concluding that the meat of the pigs getting yeast from methanol
was of adequa~ely good quality.
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Thus, study results indicate that yeasts produced on synthetic methanol ~
when fed to s~aine in ratior~, in an amount up to 20% of the protein re-
quirement, d~~ not cause a negative influence on growth, slaughter qual- ~
ities, chemi,=a1 and aminoacid composition of the tissue.
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomiche~kikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(ONTITEImikrobioprom), 1979
[542-8586]
~
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, UDC 636.087.74 -
PROTEIN-VITAMIN PREPARA~'ION AS A COMPONENT OF A MIXED FEED .
' MUKOMOL'NU-ELEVATORNAYA I KOMBIKORMOVAYA PROMYSHLENNOST' in Russian
(translation of article title, above) No 4 1978 pp 29-30
STAKHEYEV, I., BABITSKAYA, V. and KARPLYUK,~ T.
[From MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNO~T'', NAUCHNO-TEKHNICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK No 2 1979 p 8 abstract dated 14 Feb 79 by L. V. Dmitriyeva
under the heading "New Protein-Vitamin Preparation") -
[Text] Ons of the most effective ways to increase reserves of protein raw .
material for the mixed feed indu~try is use of protein sources such as
micxoorganism biomasses produced by culturing, under industrial conditions,
of yeasts, microscopic fungi, bacteria and algae.
Reaearch carried out in the Institute of Microbiology, BSS~t Academy of
Sciences, has shown that some microscopic fungi are able--without a pre-
liminary hydrolysis--to assimilate such polysaccharides of potato wastes
_ as starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, hereby accumulating a =
~ first cla~s protein mass.~ It was shown that the best protein producers
on wastes of processed potatoes turned out to be the microscopic fungi
, Penicillium digitatum and P. nutatum which synthesize a complex of hydrA-
lytic enzymes and form, in 48-72 hr�s, up to 10-24 g of biomass/1 calculated
on dry weight, with a content of 50-60% of dry protein, 36-40X real pro-
tein of full aminoacid makeup. The producer P. digitatum 24P al~o aynthe-
- sized f~t, 7%, vitamin B group, and provitamin D, ergoaterol: The content
of saturated fatty acids in the fat amounted to 15.1x, of trace elemente,
from Q.8 to 50 mgX of the salt mass.
' A preparation, digitatin, was made in which the basic mass of protein
amounts to 50-60%; the fr~cti4nal composition of protein in the new prep-
aration did not differ from the composition of grain prorein and included
the same groups as are in the protein of wheat, rye and barley. About
86.1~ of the total amount of protein was made ur o~ a.lbwnins, globulins
and ~rolamines. The aminoacid composition of t~,he preparation satiafied
the requirements posed far the quality of protein raw material for pro-
ductio.l of mixed feeds. The digitatin preparation contains vitamina: -
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thiamin (B1)--1.6 mcg/g, riboflavin (B2)---66.5, nicotinic acid (BS)--
- 12.7 mcg/g and, also, ergosterol (provitamin n) ~in the amount 0.19% and -
vitamin F(a mixture of linoleic and linolenic acids)--1.3-1.5% with re-
spect to dry bioniass. The digitatin preparation is a fine-grained pro-
duct with 6-8% moisture. After preliminary milling it can be introduced
into a mixed feed. Trial of digitatin, conducted ~ith swine, showed
positive results. -
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(ONTITEImikrobioprom), 1979
[542-8586J
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UDC 577.15.004.14:636.087.7 =
T1cE OF AN ENZYMF PREPARATION PECTOFETIDIN Pl~x IN DIETS OF BROILERS
Moscow ZHIVCTNOVODSTVO in Russian No 7, 1978 pp 61-62
SACHKOVA, T. P.
[From MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAY,'_ PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TEKHNICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK No 2 1979 p 28 abstract 14/P-1979 by L. V. Dmitriyeva,
under the heading "Use of Pectofetidin PlOx in Poultry Farming"]
; [TextJ The substance studied was an enzyme preparation, pectof etidin P10x,
of furcgu~ origin, outained in growing a surface culture of Aspergillus
foetidus. The preparation contains a broad spectrum of enzymes, including
polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, transeliminase, cellulase and protease
which act on pectins, lipids, cellulose, hemicellulose and other substances.
A series of experi:..:nts were carried out on use of pectofetidin PlOx in
diets of broilers. A control group of broiters received the basic ration -
~ without the enzyme preparations. Birds of another, experimental group
' got, along with the basal diet, O.U2~ pectofetidin P10x. Results of the -
experiment~ are presented below:
_ Experimental
Index Control Group Group
- Initial number of chicks 2,880 2~ggq
Average mass of one chick at start
of test, g. 40 40
Final number of chicks 2,376 2,687
Freservation of chicks, % 82.5 93.3
Niean mass of a chick on the 73d day of ,
experiment: g. � 1,341 1,406
% of control 100 104.5 .
' Outlay of fodder per 1 kg gain, kg 3.8 3.2
Yield of carcasses, by category
- 1 80.5 85.2 ~
P 12.4 10.5
Sh 7.1 ~.3
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(ONTITEImikrobiopr~m), 1979
(542-8586]
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' UDC 061.3:/663.18:636.087.7/
~,LL-UNION MEETING ON ENZYMES OF MICROORGANISMS
Moscow MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TEKFINICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK in Russian No 2 1979 pp 10-12 manuscript received 26 Feb 79
_ MININ~,, V. S., ONTITEZmikrobiopram
- ~,TextJ The Second All-Union Meeting on Enzymes of Microorganisms took
_ place in Minsk in 1978. It was organized by the Scientific Council of
the USSR Academy of Sciences (AS) on Probleme of the Physiology and Bio-
chemistry of Microorganisms, by the Institute of Microbiology, USSR AS,
~ by the Inatitute of Microb iology BSSR AS, by the Scientific Council on
the Problem "Enzymes and Their Use in the National Econamy and Medicine" _
of the State Committee of the USSR on Science and Technology and by the
Main Administration of the Microbiological Industry, USSR Cou~?cil of
- Ministers. Participating in the work of the meeting were 200 epecialiste
of vArioua ministries and departmente in the f ield of biotechnology,
bioengineering, microbiology and biochemistry, Plenary and sectional -
- sessiona heard 4 review and 39 sect{.onal reports. Materials of the meet-
~ ing were published in two parts. The first part sheds Iight on the bio-
- synthesis of enzymes by microorganisms (purif ication, properties�and
immobilization of enzymes), while the second part has dealt with the tech- -
nolo~y of preparing encyme preparations (apparatua and control, use of `
_ enzymes in various branches of the national econamy). .
~ The following reports were given and discussed at the meeting:
i
study of enzyme producers and production with the hPlp of mutagens of
active strains--L. I. Yerozhinoy (All-Union Scientific Research InstitutE
of Genetics), Z. A. Yushkayte (All-Union SciRes Institute of Applied Enzy-
mology), A. I. Panfilova, et al. (Institute of Cytology and Genetics of
the Siberian Depar.t.ment, USSR AS), A. A. Dunayeva, et ~1. (Institute of
Microbiology, BSSR AS), I. R. Sultanova, et al. (Institute of Microbiology,
UzbekSSR AS) and others; -
study of inechanisms and regulation of synthesis of function of enzym~es
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_ in cells--V. V. Yurkevich (MSU), G. V. Samsonova (Institute of Vaccines
and Sera, USSR AS), A. M. Bezborodova (Institute of Biochemistry imeni -
_ Bakh, USSR AS), G. Loginovoy (Institute�of Microbiology, USSR AS),
Ye. L. Ruban (I. Microbiology, USSR AS), V. I. Bilay (IMV, LT1crSSR A~),
N. S. Yegorova (MSU), A. G. Lobanok (Institute of Microbiology, BSSR AS)
and others;
purification and immobilization of enzymes--A. Ya. Stroyatina, V. M.
Stepanova (All-Union SciRes Institute of Genetics), A. M. Yegorova (MSU),
S. I. Bezborodovoy (Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Micro-
organisms, USSR AS), Ye. M. Savitskoy ~All-Union SciRes Institute of
Antibiotics), A. L. Losevoy, et al. (Institute of Biochemistry UkrSSR AS),
and others; _
questions on the technology of production of enzymes and their use in
various branches of the national economy and medicine--L. S. Losyakovoy,
_ L, I. Golger, L. I. Oreshchenko, N. V. Belykh, L. M. Vayner, V. V. Dorok-
hova (All-Union SciRes Institute of Biotechnology), V. L. Yarovenko (All-
_ Union SciRes Institute of Industriel Biology,?), M. V. Gernet (Moscow
Technological Institute of the Food Industry), A. A. Klesova (MSU), N. M.
Brazhnikovo3 (SciRes Institute of Chemical ~lachine Building) and others.
The meeting noted that in recent years successes have been achieved in
the extension and intensification of research on biosynthesis of enzymes
of microorganisms, on creation of new progressive technological processes
and tei~lYl,y-�productive equipment and, also, on extension of the area of use -
of enzyme preparations. Active producers have been selected of amylases,
pectinases, proteases, cat,~lases, lipases and other enzymes. Production
has been worked out and �introduced of amylolytic, proteolytic and pecto-
lytic enzyme preparations with the use of submerged and surface cultivat-
_ ion of microorganisms. The first nar_ive Soviet enzyme preparations have
been produced for use in medicine (terrilitin and beta-a~paraginase).
Highly-productive mutant strains have been created with the help of de-
vised selecto-genetic procedures; these strains synthesize various
enzymes. -
Work has been developing broadly on preparation of hamogenous and immobil-
ized enzymes of microbial origin, on evaluation of their quality and on _
establishment of their physical chemical functional characterist~.cs.
Already produced are some chemically pure individual preparations (pro-
teases, glucooxidases, nucleases, lipases). The technological orders -
have been worked out for production of proteases under highly-purified
and hamogenous stat~s, (acid, neutral and alkaline proteases), alpha-
amylase, lipase and others. Research has found broad use for new methods
of isolation, such as ultrafiltratior~, aphinic, hydrophobic and covalent
chramatography. Native Soviet immobilized enzymes have been prepared
- and, based on them, the technology has been worked out of production of
_ 6-aminopenicillanic acid and, also, of glucose frmm starch with the help
11 _
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of an immobilized glucoamylase.
Significant work has been done on improvement of existing, and creation -
of new technology and of highly-productive Pquipment for making various
enzyme preparations, on raising their quality and on broadening the assort-
ment. In recent ye~rs, two technological linea have been workad out and
= introduced fo.r cultivation of microorganisms by surface and submerged
methods and more than 200 new models have ~een created of equipment with
- great unit capacity. Development has been realized of techm logical
- lines of contir.~ioue cultivation, exceeding in capacity the existing
- lines by a factor of 6-8.
_ In recent years, high efficiency has been shawn for use of enzyme prepar-
ations in various branches of industry: alcohoi, beer9brewing, ~uice ex-
traction, wine-~aking, meat, fish, bread baking, starr_h-molasses, leather,
textile and others.
Based on study of a camplex of enzyme preparations, and, also, of biochemi-
cal conversion of substrates under the action of the preparations on vari-
ous raw material, the scientifically-based requirements have been worked
out for the quality of enzymes used in industry and agriculture. A period
of mass use of enzyme preparations in the national econamy k~as started.
Th~ volume of manufacturing production with use of enzymes in several
branches of industry has doubled and in beer-brewing has reached 40% of
the total volume of manufacturing production.
The meeting noted the ba�ic trends of research on which it is necessary
- to concentrate the strengths of our nation's scientists. Above all, it
is necessary to broaden scientific research on search in nature, isolation -
and selection, including autoselection, producing microorganisms of vari-
ous exo- and endoenzymes which have theoretical and practical value for
the national econamy, medicine and scientific research; to use, exten-
sively, anerobic forms of microorganisma in selection of producers. It
_ is necessary to increase the effectiveness of selection work directed to _
obtaining, with the help of mutagens, the producer strains of enzymes,
with increased productivity; obtaining strains with improved technologi-
cal properties, and, also, further development of new genetic-selection
~ approaches, based on development of gene engineering; to study genetic
control of high synthesis of exoenzymes on the basis of research on gene-
tic, biochemical and physiological principles of regulation of biosyn-
thesis of industrial enzymea.
It is extremely important to work out and introduce new methods of stor= -
~ ing cultures of microorganisms which are active producers of enzymes,.to
study the lysogenic properties of enzyme producere and to create the
theoretical and practical bases to control phagolysis. -
Necessary are the extension and intensification of research in the field
of study of control mechanisma of regulation of formation of internal
, 12
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and external enzymes, study of localization of enzymes in cells of micro- ' -
organisms, mechanisms of transport of enzymes from the cell into a medium,
isolation and purification of enzymes with broad use of new methods, .
study of structural and physical chemical propertiea of homogeneous en-
zymes, of the active ceriter, mechanism of enzymatic catalysis, and, also,
stabilization of enzyme preparationa by additior, of fillezs, specific in-
hibitors, fmmobilization of enzymes and enzymologically--active cells of
microorganisms.
Creation an3 introduction is required of new, more improved construction
of highly-productive automated, technological equipment for submerged, ~ -
surface, and, also, continuous cultivation of enzyme producers in indus-
- trial enterprises, further search and creation of new more effective
compositions of enzyme preparations and improved ways to use enzyme pre-
parations and broadening the spheres of their use.
In the area of industrial microbiology, the meeting has felt it necessary
_ to intensify work on control of phagolysis in plant enterprises which
produce enzyme preparations; to create a laboratory to store pure cul-
tures and supply them to enterprises which put out enzymes; to broaden
the assortment of developed enzyme preparations in consonance with re- -
quirements for their composition, degree of purity and quality f~r each
industrial branch and to investigate the possibility for further lowering
of the cost of these preparations.
In order to raise the ttieoretical level of research, to accelerate work
- tempos and to incr~ase their effectiveness, the meeting has recommended
- the broad practise of organizing achools and symposia, with discussions
- at them of results of research on problems of biosynthesis of enzymes; -
crea.tion, ir, the systems of Glavmikrobiopram lMain Microbiological Indus-
try AdministrationJ and the USSR Ministry of Chemical Industry, of labor-
atories for standardization of components of nutrient media used for cul~~
tivation of microorganisms--the enzyme producers--and, in the systems of
the USSR Ministry of Food Industry and Glavmikrobiolprom, an inter-depart-
mental arbitration laboratory for comparative evaluation of the aetivity
of cultures of microorganisms and determination of the quality of euzyme
preparations supplied by enterprises of the food industry;
broadening of scientific research in institutes of the USSR Ministry o�
Agriculture and VASKh NIL ~All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
imeni Lenirif on use of microbial enzyme preparations in mixed feed manu-
f acture (to increase assimilability of crude fodders, silaging Qf diffi-
cultly-silaged fodders);
establishment of the economic effectiveness of use of enzym~s in varicus
branches of the national econamy and medicine prior to their introduction;
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organization, in 1980, of a school for m~crobiologists on regulation of
enzyme activity of microorganisms;
rganization of output of sorbents for separation and purification of =
, enzymes;
strengthening of propaganda for application of enzyme preparations in
th.e national economy, using the organization of special exhibition fairs,
- stands, scientific journals, periodicals, radio and television;
" conduct of All-Union meetings on enzymes of microorganisms every f ive
years and publication of the work of those meetings.
~ COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
' (ONTITEImikrobioprom), 1979
[542-8586] -
8586
CSO: 1840 -
14
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UDC 636.087.74:577.15
- PECTOFETIDIN G3x IN DIETS OF FATTENED YOUNG CATTLE
- Moscow MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TEK~INICHESKIY REFER-
,ATIVNYY SBORNIK in Russian No 2 1979 pp 18-19 manuscript received 28 F2b
78
AKHMEDOV, G. A., All-Union SciRes Institute of Biotechnology
~Text/ The enzyme preparation pectofetidin G3x has been developed at the
Privolzhskiy Biochemical Plant by submerged cultivation of the non-patho-
genic fungus Aspergil.lus foetidus on a medium composed of beet pulp, wheat
bran and salts of calcium, magnesi~, soditmm and phosphorus, with subse-
quent drying of the culture liquid in a spray drier. The preparation is `
designed for use in rations of agricultural animals. Standard activity ~
of the preparation is 3 units/g.
Pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes are not formed in the animal body.
Cellulose of fodders is partially digested with the help uf enzymes of
microorganisms which live in *_he rumen, third st~mach and large intestine. ~
The presence of a large amount of cellulose in fodder impedes the assimi-
lation of easily-digested food substances. Fodders which have a high =
content of pecti:i substances include grain and beet pulp. In feeding
cattle with these products, almost one third of the food substances re-
mains undigested and proceeds by transit through the digestive tract.
In order to establish the effectiveness of use of the enzyme preparation
pectofetidin G3x, in feeding of young cattle on grain at the "Mayak" sovk-
hoz, Kimrskiy Rayon, Kalinskaya Oblast, two trials were carriec3 out from
November 1975 to March 1976. The first trial was a scientific farm trial
on three groups of young bulls, the second was an industrial trial on two
- groups of young bulls. In the first trial (119 days, from 25 October to
; 23 March), two doses of the enzyme preparation were used: 0.3 and 0.6 g
per one fodder unit of ration. In the second trial (79 days, from 8
January to 27 March), one dose of the pr~paration was taken: 0.6 g per
one fodder unit, which, according to data af the first trial was better
in the first month. The animal groups (].0 head each) for the trial were -
analogous in growth and live mass. The animals in the experimental groups
were fed, twice a day, with the enzyme preparation pectofetidin G3x mixed
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_ Effect of pectofetidin G3x supplements in the ration of bull$ on their
growth and on expenditure of fodders pei .l mg of growth
Control Txperiment Experiment
Index Group 1 2
1 2 3 4 -
Scientific-fa~cn trial (10 animals) -
Dose of preparation, gjfodder unit - 0.3 d.6
Average mass of animals, k~:
at start of trial 190.0 190.0 190.0
at end of trial 263.5 273.5 281.0
Growth
kg 73.5 83.5 91.0
y of control 100.0 113.6 123.0
Outlay of fodders per 1 kg growth
fodder units 7.9 6.9 6.4
% of control 100.0 88.0 84.0
- Industrial trial (75 animals) ,
Total mass of animals at start of
experiment, kg 17592 17512
Special slaughter
20/P head 1 -
kg 270 -
4/Sh head 2 1 ,
kg 400 200
23/Sh head - 1
kg - 375
Number of animals at end of trial 72 73 ~
Total mass of animals at end of trial 20780 21270
Total mass of animals, taking into
accour_t the slaughter 21450 21845 ~
' Growth
kg 3854 4630
X of control 100.0 118.0 -
Outlay of fodders, fodder units 25283 25283 -
Outlay of fodders per 1 kg of grawth
fodder units 6.555 5.461
% of control 100.0 83.3
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in the concentrated fodder.
_ In the period of the trials, all animaYs were healthy and ate up the fod-
der campletely. Ar;imals of the experimental groups and the control groups -
in the trial were fed the same amount of fodder for each group: in the
experiment--grain, 56560 kg; concentrated fodder, 1286; hay, 3250;
etraw, 95~ kg; fodder units, 5796; digested protein 1185 kg; in a sec-
ond experiment--grain, 281437 kg; concentrated fodders, 4072; hay,
13690; straw~ 4917; fodcier units, 25283; digested protein, 5325 kg. -
Results of tY~e experiments are presented i~: the ta~le.
The data of the table show that grawth of the animals in the experimental
groups (scientific-farm trial) was greater than growth of the animals in
- the control group by 13.6-23.0%. Expenditure of fodder units per 1 kg -
of growth, in the animals of the experimental groups, was less than in
the animals of the control group by 12-16%. These data indicate that
pectofetidin G3x promotes an increase of growth and improvement in fodder ~
cost.
In the period of the second experiment, each animal showed a growth ex-
ceeding the growth of control animals, by 17.5 kg. Outlay of the prep-
aration per one animal for the trial amounted to 428.4 g. Cost of such �
an amount of the preparation, when i kg costs 5 r., amounts to 2 r. 14 k,
and an outlay per 1 kg of additional growth--12.2 k. With a cash cost of -
1 r. 46 k for 1 kg of live mass, the economic effectiveness of use of
- pectofetidin G3x amounts to: 21 r. 80 k when 428.4 g of preparation is
used and 50887 r. when I t of preparation is used.
In the induatrial trial, the animals which got 0.6 g of pectofetidin per
one fodder unit, in their ration, had a greater grawth (by 18.9%) as com-
pared with the animals which got the ration without the enzyme preparat-
- ion. With respect to fodder payment, better indices were in the experi-
mental group of animals. Outlays of fodder per unit of growth in ar?imals
of the experimental group were less than the outlays in animals of the
control group by 16.7%. At the beginning and at the end of the industrial
trial, controlled slaughter of the animals was carried out in order to
examine the internal organs. The digestive tract, lungs, liver, kidneys,
spleen, heart, lymphatic and blood vessels, bones and skeleton did not -
have any sort of deviation from the normal.
17 -
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CONCLUSIONS
1. Use of the enzyme preparation, pectofetidin G3x, in feeding of young
cattle with grain residue, promotes an increase in their growth by 13-23%
- and a decrease in expenditure of fodder per unit of growth by 12-17~,
and, also, it giv~s a substantial economic Pffect. ~
2. Optimal dose of pectofetidin G3x, in feeding young cattle on grain -
residue, is 0.6 g per one fodder unit. Pectofetidin G3x must not be
sub~ected to thermal processing (over 50�C).
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko-
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(ONTITEImikrobiopram), 1979 �
[542-8586]
8586
- CSO: 1840
,
~
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~
t~
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UDC 006.72:663.1
_
DEVISING AN INDUSTRY-BRANCH STANDARD OF PRODUCTION BY THE MICROEIOLOGICAL
INDUSTRY. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Moscaw MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TRKHNICHESKIY REFER-
_ ATIVNYY SBORNIK in Russian No 2 1979 p 39 manuscript received 26 Jan 79
DERBENEV, YU. YU. and SMYCHNIkOV, YU. I., ONTITEI mikrobioprom ~Dept. of
' Scientific Technical Information and T~chnical Economic Research of the
Microbiological Industry/ '
~Tex~ In consonznce with the Plan for industry-branch standardization
of Glavmikrobioprom, the ONTITEI mikrobioprom together with the All-Union
SciRes Institute of Protein Synthebis, the 9-U SciRes I. of Hydrolysis,
" the A-U SciRes I. of Bacterial Preparati.ons, the ti-U SciRes I. of Bio-
technology and the A-U SciRes I. of Genetics have begun to devise an in-
dustry-branch standard "Production by the Microbiological Industry. Terms
and Definitions", the completion of which is planned in 1981.
The purpose of devising the standard consists in establishing unequivocal,
scientifically-based terms and definitions on production of the micro-
biological industry to assure identical understanding, by specialists of
various profiles, of acientific publications, technological and normative- -
technical documentation, lingu:tstic security of ASU (automated control
systems), lessening the laboriousness of developing classifiers of inf~rm-
ation and of unified systems of documentation, and concurrence of inter-
' national cooperation in a given field. Sub~ect to standardization are
the terms and definitions with respect to individual kinds of microbiologi-
cal production, terms and definitions which have come into use in connect-
ion with their development and release and, also, terms included in norm-
ative-technical and technological docum~ntation in reference, teaching
and scientific-technical literature.
Standardization af microbiological terminology up to rhe present time
_ has not occurred except the terms "premix", "filler of premixes", "protein
vitamin supplements" included in GOST 21660-75 "Mixed feed. Terms and
~ Definitions", worked out by the All-Union SciRes Institute of the Mixed
Feed Industry. In foreign countries, terms on production of the microbio-
logical industry have also not been developed. Developments are lacking -
19
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, -
in this area also in the recommendations and standards of international
orgar:izations (ISO, SEV, MEK) .
It is suggested that a standard will consist of three parts-introduction,
sub~ect and alphabetical index. In the introductory part will be indicated -
the fields of use of the standardized terms (standards, TU-technical
specifications?--technical, teaching and acientif ic-technical literature,
guides and others). A list and definitions of terms on production of the _
microbiological industry will be set forth in the sub~ect part of the
standard. An index of terms is to be pl.aced in the concluding part.
The standard is brought xnto harmony with existing standards of the State
- System of Standardization (GOST 1.0-68, GOST 1.2-68, GOST 1.5-68, GOST _
1.11-75). In working out standards, the procedural workups are used from
- the All-Union SciRes Institute of Technical Inf orma.tion, Classification
and Coding. A layout of the standard will be distributed for review by _
interested organizations and departments.
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy inf ormatsii i tekhniku- '
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
- (ONTITEIffiikrobioprvai), 1979
[542-8586] .
8586
CSO: 1840
20 -
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- UDC 006.83:663.1
REPUBLIC STANDARDS FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION
Moscow MIKROBIOLOGICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST', NAUCHNO-TEK~INICHESKIY RE;.ti'ER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK in Russian No 2 1979 p 39 manuscript received 19 Jau 79
- SMYCI~TIKOV, YU. I., ONTITEI mikrobioprom ~Dept. of Scientific Technical
Inf ormation and Technical Economic Research of the Microbiological Indus~ryj
[Text] For production in the microbiological industry there are, at the -
present time, 23 state standards, 17 industry-branch standaxds and 114
technical conditions. Also in effect are 5 st~te standards for methods
of assay of enzyme preparations and 4 organizational-procedural, industry-
branch standards. Besides this there are a number of republic stsndarda
for products of microbiological synthesis:
RST KazSSR 1 83-72 "Leaven for silaging of fodders dry (from a culture of
~ropionic acid bacteria)".
RST KazSSR 1 84-72 "Leaven f or ailaging fodders dry (bacterial preparation
from pure cultures of amylolytic streptococcus)".
RST UkrSSR 1658-75 "Leavens f or silaging fodders dry".
RS~ KazSSR 354-74 "Biopreparations combined from surplus beer yeasts".
RST BSSR 621-75 ~~KoY'irto1121ii'~ . -
- RST UkrSSR 1203-71 "Vitamin B12 fodder (concentrate)".
Also in effect are a number of republic standards for yeasts beer fodder
dry (RST KazSSR 26-70; RST UzbSSR 213-73; RST RirgSSR 272-73; RST UkrSSR
_ 483-73; RST TadzhSSR 532-73; RST UkrSSR 485-73); for mash beer dry
(RST UzbSSR 202-73; RST LitSSR 346-73; RST UkrSSR 484-72; RST TadzhSSR
531-73). Besid~s this, there exist the following industry-branch standards:
of the food industry OST 18-15-70' "Yeasts fodder dry" and of the medical
industry OST 64 5-114-73 "Solution of vitamin D? in oll for animal hus-
bandry". The republic standards are published by the Gosplans of the
uilion republics.
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COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnichesko5 informatsii i tekhniko- ~
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
(dNTITEImikrobioprom), 1979 -
[ 542-8586 ]
8586
CSO: 1840
22
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VETERINARY MEDICINE
UDC 663.18:577.112.385.4
CONFERENCE ON TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS -
Moscow MIKROBIOLOGICHESICAYA PROMYSHLENNOST' NAUCHNO-TEKfINICHESKIY REFER-
ATIVNYY SBORNIK in Russian No 2 1978 pp 37-38 manuscript received 4 Jan 79
KRISTAPSONS, M. ZH. and GAYDENKO, B. P., Institute of Microbiology imeni
. Kirkhenshteyn, LatvSSR Academy of Sciences; VNIiTIBP (All-Union SciRes and
Technological Institute of tre Biological Indu.stry)
[Text.7 With the intensificati~n of agricultural production and the con- -
centration of livestock, there has been a substantial rise in the role of `
- specific prophylaxis of animals and poultry against infectious diseases.
The Main Administration of the Biological Industry of the USSR Ministry
oi Agriculture con~uc*ed, in Shchelkovo, in 1978, in the facilities of
the VNIiTIBF, the f irst All-Union Scientific-Practical Conference on
"Scientific Bases of the Technology of Industrial Production of Veterinary
Biological Preparations".
Pr~rticipating in the work of the conference were 350 scientific personnel
_ a~zd specialists from 26 bio-enterprises of the Glavbioprom, USSR Ministry
of Agriculture, representatives of 38 sci-res organizations of the USSR
Academy of Sciences� UkrSSR and Latvian SSR ASr VASKhNIT. (All-Union Academy
of Agricultural Sciences imeni Lenin), Academy of Medical Sciences, a num-
- ber of ministries and Glavmikrobioprom. Fourtee;i review reports and 132
exhibit~contributions were presented in the plenary sesGions.
- 1
Opening the conference, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture, USSR, L. N. -
Kuznetsov, noted the need for creation of a modern theory and practise of
technology of production of biological preparations. The report of the
chief of the Main Administration of the Biological Industry, USSR Ministry
of Agriculture, M. V. Zvyagin, contained a detailed analysis of work of the
- Administration as a whole and with respect ~o itidividual biofactories.
It was noted that, along with the accomplishments, native Soviet industry
is not yet preparing--for the biological industry--a complex equipping or
automated technological lines of the required capacity. The industry is
not issuing, centrally, in adequately broad assortment, nutrient media for
culturing specific viruses and hacteria and for preparaing therapeutic sera.
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~ The basic tasks of the biological industry are defined by the epizootic
situation in our country and worldwide. According to ~ata of the Inter-
national Epizootic Bureau, breeding animals are subject, on a world scale,
r.o about 100 infectious diseases caused by microorganisms, viruses, mqco-
plasms, rickettsiae and fung-!. Therapeutic agents are prepared against
only two thirds of the diseases. The creation of prophylactic means is
_ one of the main tasks of the scientific research institutions of the
.
country. -
A number of the reports were unique accounts of individual laboratories -
of VNIiTIBP on developing new virus--control preparations and prognost~.-
cation of their issuance ~'P. P. Kuznetsov and M. G. Tarshis), on preparat-
ion of. vaccines against diseases of birds (V. A. Lukina), on creation of
the industrial technology of hormone preparations (V. A. Pershin). De-
signed for a broader audience were the reports of E. F. Tokarik on drying
biological preparations by sublimation and of Ye. A. Ruban on automatic
- control and optimization of the technology of industrial production. The
latter brought forward the stages of work on creation of ASUTP--an analog
system for the microbiological industry, a hierarchic system of control
whose purpose is to liquidate bottlenecks in production. The need was -
shown ior selection of optimal conditions, based on a ~nathematical and
physical model of a process under a given criterion of optimality with
- the wide ~se of computer technology and electronic computers.
The Director of the State Scientific-Control Institute of Veterinary Pre-
parations, D. F. Osidze, familiarized the participa: ts of the coriference -
with the System of State Control of Biological Preparations; he showed
how important it is to maintain a quality standard f or preparations.
The Chairman of the Irkutsk SciRes Institute of Chemical Machine Making,
I. P. Lapinskiy, talked about the perspective developments in creation of
- high-intensity fermenter~ with a volume up to 320 m3 for work under sterile
conditions. He noted diff erences ir, putting them together with control -
and measuring instrumenLS and automation equipment and, also, the lack of
an adequate amount of non-corroding material which makes the work of
designers difficult.
A discussion took place af ter the reports and touched upon questions of
creation of laboratory fermentation apparatus and engineering science
(M. Zh. Kristapsons), a bank or museum of cell cultures (S. M. Borisova),
~ new hormone preparations (B. I. Smolyaninov), improvement in designing -
(B . V. Feygel'man) and othez s.
The exhibit-contributions, which received posi~ive response from all con-
f erence participants, can be divided inte several groups or sections:
reports dealing with apparatus f or fermentation (M. Zh. Kristap.sons), '
purif ication of preparations (V. P. Gaydenko, et al., I. A. Khor'kov),
preparation of nutrient medium (G. A. Kutascva, et al., I. M. Grache~a,
et al.), use of biopreparations in the national economy (K. N. Buchnev,
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et al., S. A. Dzharylgaso~, et al., E. Ya. Yaunsleynis, et al.). The -
_ majority of the contributions reflected modern methods of research. Along
with the contributions of the scientific research collectives comparatively
many of the contributions had been prepared by biofactory workers.
- The reports delivered at the conference and the exhibits encompa~sed on _
the whole all the problem topics of creating the scientific bases of tech-
nology of production and the use of biological preparations for raising
the effectiveness of animal husbandry and the veterinary service to it.
The conf erence resolution formulated the basic goals and an extended pro-
gram of action for the immediate future. The basic trends of scientif ic
research recommended include: preparation of highly-immunogenic strains
of microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi) using modern molecular-
genetic methods; working out the industrial technology of preparing
- associated antiviral and antibacterial 1~iopreparations using highly-effect-
ive adjuvants and stabilizers; improvement in the technology of production
of microbiological preparations; working out new industrial methods to
prepare dry and liquid nutrient media for cultivation of viruses and bac-
teria; physical chemical methods of purification and concentration of
antigens and antibodies using the latest accomplishments of modern bio-
engineers and immunologists; development of inethods to control technologi-
cal preparations, using electronic computers; creation of inethods of mass
immunization of agricultural animals (aerosol, oral, ~et) and others.
The conference promoted a broad exchange of experience on development, -
preparation and use of biological preparations, and the establishment of
working and creative associations between the specialists.
COPYRIGHT: Otdeleniye Nauchno-tekhnicheskoy informatsii i tekhniko- -
ekonomicheskikh issledovaniy mikrobiologicheskoy promyshlennosti
- (ONTITEImikrobi.oprom), 1979
[542-8586] _
8586
CSO: 1840
� - END -
25
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000200080025-4