JPRS ID: 9194 WEST EUROPE REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200100025-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 41
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 25
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9194
15 July 1980
West Euro e Re ort
p p
~ CFOUO 3 /80~
r
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST ItiFORMAfION SERVICE
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JPR5 L/9194 _
_ 15 July i9so
WEST El1ROPE REPORT
(FOUO 31/80)
CONTEMTS -
THEATER NUCLEAR FORCES
ITALY
Italy's Role Within NATO Discussed
(IL MONDO, 30 May 80) 1
Admi.ral Torr~:si Interviewed
- P-.~blic Opinion Poll
i ~
' COUNTRY SECTION
` FEDERAL REpUBI,IC OF GERMANY -
; Communists Infiltrate Trade, Bank, Insurance Workers Union ~
! (CAPITA.L, Jun 80) ............................e....... 6
: FRANCE
Improved Arms Conception System Discussed
(Louis Voiney; ARMEES D'AUJOURD'HUI, ~
30-31 Ma.y 80) ...................................oo.o0 10
~ ITALY
Te.Yt of I980 Financial Law Prov+3:aion,s
(IL SOLE-24 ORE, 1, 4, 6 May 80) 15
x
' ~ [II~ - WE - 150 FOUO)
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THEATER NUCLEAR FORCES IT~~,y
~
ITALY`S ROI~E WITHIN NATO DISCUSSED
_ Adm3ral Torrisi Interniewed
Milan IL MONDO in Ita;' ian 30 Nia.y 80 pp 8-11
[Interview with Admir~l Giovanni Torrisi by Gianni Rossi. Time and place
not given.]
[Text] The recent meeting in Brussels of the ministers of defense and of
chiefs of staff of ma~or NATO countries pointed to an increase in defense `
expenditures for Italy within the framework of the allied defense system.
IL MONDO spoke with Adm3ral Giovanni Torrisi, defense chief of staff,
with regard to the new commit~~nts for the military budget.
[Question] Are these increased expenditures really necessary with regard
to the military?
(Answer] Naturally, it is not popular to request funds for the defense
budget with an economy such as ours, which presently is in a atate of
crisis. It should be stated also that additional funds earmarked are not
necessarily for all three services; they are increased using base figures
agreed upon in 1979 within NATO for the 5-year 1980-85 period. We start ~
from the premise that there exiRts an imbalanc~e in conver~tional weapons
between NATO and the nations of the Warsaw Pact. Therefore we are to
expedite matters in reducing the exiating gap so as to be able to sit at '
the negotiating table while having achieved basic parity. This, in my
opinion, confirms the defensive character of NATO.
[Question] But has the United States not requested more concrete aid in
order to face the delicate situation that has developed in Southwest Asia?
~ [Answer] For the time being no one has asked officially for anything of
the kind. In any case, requests of this nature are not included in the
planning of the alliance. Naturally if that were to happen we would have
to carefully study the proposals alwaqs keeping in mind that any sort of
decision would~have to be implemented within the whole of the NATO frame-
work. In short, an action outside of NATO's area oi interests is by no
means something automatic. Furthermore, it should not be forgotten that we
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are in the Mediterranean, where there is a continuous need for a military _
presence. For this very reason, now that some units of the Ainerican Sixth
Fleet have been transferred to the Indian Ocean our navy has had to increase
its activity.
[Question] Is there however the p~oseibility that requeste of that nature
be made?
[Einswer] Allow me to confirm to yau ~hat for the time being we have not -
been approached with any requests for support of an�y eventual operations or
~ for furnishing installations; however, within NATO, procedures dealing with
a greater state of readiness to face the recently developed delicate
international situation have been examined.
[Question] Namely?
[AnswerJ We get the impression that the Warsaw Pact is stepping on the
accelerator a i:tt too heavily. As a result, NATO nations have agreed to
. accelerate the ~~ace of their programs whicii we~.e already underway. At the
Brussels mee~izg, be~ause of the present interriational sitnation, we
reconfirmec~ full solidarity among NATO countries. Mentioned was the
commitment to shorten, as much as poseible, lead times far the armed
forces' modernization programs, in view of the increased deplnyment of
U.S. forces in other theaters brought about by the international situation.
To evidence our determination on the readiness matter, we finalized our
coimmitment to increase the defense budget by 3 percent, thus speeding up
programs already underway and earmarking more funda for training, as well
as worldwide improved efficienr.y of the armed forces: maintenance, spare
part~, supplies, etc. (the expense, for the time being, appears to be
limited to abaut 250 billion lire;.
[Question] Tn other words, one has to pay a price for peace?
[Answer] ~recisely, Also, Europe cannot afford to think that America, _
though being the hub of the Atlantic Alliance, can take on by itself the
defense of the West in every corner of the eartfi. No doubt, Europe cannot
be a substi~ute for the United States, but it can however extend a helping `
hand. The alli~d nations must commit forces in a parallel manner to the
United States' deployment of forces in other areas, thus advoiding a
weakening of the Atlantic forces' structure.
Public Opinion Poll _
Milan IL MONDO in Italian 30 May 80 pp 8-11
[Interview with several leading Italian social, political and economic
figures by Bruna Bellonzi: "What if Uncle Sam-Calls?" Tiine and place ~
not given.J `
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[Text] Just a few months ago, it would have seemed like
a hypothesis straight out of a science fiction book.
But the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Iranian -
crisis, the failed American blitz and other grave blows
to international detente as well as some statements (only
partially correct) madP by U.S. Secretary of Defense
Harold Brown have made discussions involving the Atlantic
_ Alliance relevant, now more than ever. Lelio Lagorio,
minister of defense, immediately declared that "th~ Itali~an
- flag is fine right where it is" and use of Italian forces
outside the Mediterranean canx~ot be considered even in the
torm of a hypothesis. However, up to what point should
Italy consider itself committed by its NATO agreements?
Beside polling political circles and parliamentarians,
(see article on page 8), IL MONDO posed the question to
politicians, labor union officials and officials responsible
to international organizations. Here are their answers.
[Question] If the United States were to ask Italy, as a member of NATO,
~ to become militarily invo].ved outside Europe, should one accept of refuse?
Walt~r Mancelli, vice president of Confindustria [General Confederation
of Italian Industry]: "I don't think this question is particularly relevant
at this time. In any case, the defense of democracy in the world presupposes -
an activity of a concerted nature, not sub~ect to the effects of individual,
single thrusts. I feel that the Western World ovght to be more united and
should, above all, improve its overall capacity to act in a determined
fashion in situations characterized by an upset balance. Up to now, T
feel, we have moved a bit like a bull in a china shop."
Gianni Baget Bozzo, political observer: "Absolutely refuse. The NATO
charter is of a defensive character limited exclusively to the European
aiea. Furthermore, in the past there have been occasions when European
nations have become iirvolved abroad (I make reference to the French
imrolvement in Indochina) without either the Alliance or the United States
becoming involved. Tn the present situaLion, I don't believe it possible
to say that a historical-poli~ical identity exists with regard to the
.Alliance countries. This is particularly so when compared to oil producing
, n$tions. Problems and modes of beh$viors are different, To impose an
identical behavior pattern on everyone would mean the acceptance of
_ American interests to be of a hege~aonic nature within the Alliance."
David Maria Turaldo, theologian: "I am against weapons and against
resorting to arms. I would not want to become involved in the problems
relating to the question pose~ by IL MONDO. Rather, I wish to say with
regard to this type of dialogue, that I hope no one asks me to take their
side."
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Carlo Cassola, writer: "Italy should answer in a negativ^ ~uanner. As
president of the League for Unilateral Disarmament, I am against any kind
of military commitment and furthermore I favor Italy's egYess from NATO.
My position with regard to the request of a possible extension of commitment
to the Atlantic Alliance therefore is, I believe, unequivocable."
Cesare Merlini, president of the Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI):
"The hypothesis is not plausible. That the United States would ask a
single member of the Alliance to assume comnitments not called for by the
treaty is simply to be excluded, It could happen, on the other hand,
that the United States may have eommitments outside the Alliance's purview, -
commitments that call far their lessened presence in this area. Conse-
quently they may ask their allies to help fill the void thus created. In
that case, and partieularly if the American request were to come as a
result of a commitment it assumed to protect EuropEan interests (I am
thinking of the situation which could develop in the Persian Gulf) the
request should be respected."
Giorgio Galli, political observer: "I don't believe the United States
would make such a request of Italy."
Altiero Spinelli, deputy to the European Congress: "The NATO commitment
is limited to the European area. Therefore, to any request for deployment
outside this area one should answer negatively."
Paolo Grossi, president of RAI [Italian Radio-Television]: "Italy should
refuse in any case. If referenee is made to the situation that could
- develop in the Persian Gulf, I think the Iranians have every right to
- decide independently their plan of action, acting in a manner which they
view as just and in agreement with their interests, while interference or
pressure from either the Uriited States or the USSR would be totally
illegal. Not to mention military intervention~" ~
- Giuseppe Petrilli, senator, president of the European Movement: "If the
. request is made within NATO commitments, the answer can only be in the
positive; pacts are inade to be respected. If the request goes beyond
agreed upon commitments, the argument transcends Ztaly and will call on all
_ of the European community. And in this latter case, the community's
interest comes first."
Badioli, En2o, president of Confederazioni delle Cooperative: "To begin
with, it should be stated thaC the NATO Pack involves only the European
- area. A U.S. request for the enlargement of the Alliance's ar~a of
- intervention would thus require a revision to the Treaty."
_ Loris Corbi, president of the Societa Condontte d'Acqua: "I do not have
intimate know?edge of ~our commitment with regard to NATO accords and
therefore I don't know if they deal only with Europe or possibly other
geographical ar~xs. If commitments were taken in a responsible manner, I
believe they ocght to be respected. However the rule 'Salus popoli
suprema lex esto' remains valid."
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Domenico Rosati, president of ACLI [Christian Association of Italian
Workers]: "Outside Europe, no. NATO has aome preciae geopolitical limits
which it must respect. To say no to extra-European commitments also means
no to any initiative not decided upon by Europeans. For me, Europe comes
before NATO."
Giorgio Benvenuto, secretary general of UIL [Italian Union of LaborJ:
"Italy is part of NATO and no one intends to repudiate this alliance. -
However, the pact is strictly of a defensive nature, and I don't believe
it possible to interpret the commitments contained therein other than in
- ambit of the defense of inember nations threatened by an n~ltside attack."
Agostino Marianetti, assistant secretaxy general of CGIL [Italian General
Confederation of Labor]: "The Italian minister of defense recently ststed
that Italian ships are comfortable in the Mediterranean. This ia not
merely an empty remark, but an important affirmation at an important _
- moment as is the present. This is the time in which the increase of
international tensior: is directly related to pressures for a more direct
involvement on the part of Italy in areas which do not take in the
defensive nature of the Atlantic Alliance. This statement, furthermore,
has been viewed in a posi.tive light at the latest general CGIL conference."
Pierre Carniti, secretary general of CSIL jItalian Confederation of Labor
Unions]: "The Atlaritic Alliance is of a defensive character and covers a ~
limited geographical area. That is the way it should Yemain. On this
point, furthermore, the Italian government and democratic forces as well
have repeatedly expressed their views," _
Onelio Prandini, president of the National League of Cooperative: "My
answer is: refuse."
COPYRIGHT: IL MONDO, 1980
9209
CSO: 3104
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F~r~K c~r, rcrAi. ~JSr onrl,~~
i;Oli~r'TRY SECTION r^-+i.,~' r.iiAL REPli3LIC UF GERi~iANY
~
C0:9MiR7ISTS INFILTRATE TttA~E~ BANK, INSURANCE WORY.ERS LNIOr~
Hamburg ~APITAL in ~erman Jun 80 pp 22-24
Unattributed azticle: "A Blok F'rom Behind ~ommunist Influence in the
_ ~-iBV ~inion"
~ext] The DGB is trying to ward off communist infiltra.- -
tion. One of its or,anizations, the HBV ~Trade, Banks
and Insuranc] Un~ion is permitting it. With the app~oval
- of t,~e executive commit~ee, DKP functionaries have been
- able to ta3ce over influantial positions.
Bonn's social liberals kegt their eyes open ard looking straight ahead -
~o as to observe the activities of the neH left in elections. And from
election da~ to election day they recorded just how much lesa than 1 per-
cent of the vote Kas garnared by the .~',erman Cnmmunist Party (DKP)~ founded
in 1968. It appeared that this group xa.s in no position to mount a
threat.
From this vantage point it xas impossible to see xhat xas going on at tha
rear. Of course~ Social Democrat Nilly Brax~dt's first cabinet should hav~
known from experience that communiste do not xaste their political strength -
_ in what axe for them hopeiess electiona; they xork to infiltrate areas
tha,t no one xould suspect.
- The suspicions of those Kho were issuing xarnings~ chiefly in the security
agencies~ xere cAneidered irrational emotionar outbursts in the Bonn of
those years. The ~Office for th] Protection o~ the Constitution ~f]
predicted that the DKP would attempt to establish a ba.se in the enter-
p~ises and the trade unions. Today this base has been turned into a
bastion~ The German Trade Union Federation (DGB) aust deal seriously uith
- the issue of communist infiltration. It is xoraening p~,tticularly in a
sphere xhere no one suspected it the xhite-collar Trade, Banks and
Insurance Union (HBV). �
The cammunists had only mediocre auccess xith xorkers' trade unions
such as the Metalxorkers Union led by class-conscious Social Democrats.
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- Here ar~d there they Were able to place on the plant council a man Hho re-
vealed his communist affiliation only after he had been elected; they also
managed nox and then to have someone chosen as a delegate to the Trade
Union Congress~ but not much more than this.
The D~' ~as forced to acknoxledge the fact tha,t it xas unattractive to
the more middle-class-oriented xorkers. Moreover~ it had to perc@ive that
union leaders like DG3 Chairman Heinz-Oskar Vetter Eugen Loderer of the
Metalkorkers Union or Heinz Kluncker of the OeTV ~Public Service~ Trans-
portation and Communication~ [fiion xere keeging to a strictly anticommun-
ist policy rrithin the or~anizationt leftist on social policy~ rightist in
ideology.
Wherever communists xere found trying to ~limb the ladder, the comrades _
Were promptly isolated. That the DGB bosees also relied on tips from the
BfV a fact xhich they are quick to deny officially xas a11 right xith
them: The main thing was that the oxgani~ation remained clean.
This is not the case xith at least one union the Trade~ Banks and Insur- _
ance Union~ Khich is ripe for purging. Things are so bad ~rith this group
that the SPD Trade Union Council took up the case F+~ ea,rly as last year i
belonging to this council are Chancellor iielmut 5ch~nidt~ Party Cha.irxan
Willy Brardt and the Social Democratic trade union hierarchy. According
to Brandt and DGB chief Yetter. the psoblem is to be pursued by a select
group.
Insiders attribute the DKP's successes irith the HBV to 'Saanagement by
chaos" on the part of the union executive comad.tt~e. Specifically. they
hold Chairman Heinz Vietheer responeible for the fact that key positions
fell uncontested to the tiring of communist synpethizers around Guenter
Vollanar~ Vietheer's vice-chairman. Accordin~ to confidential information
available to the DGB, Volkmar ar~d his intinate associates xield the poxer
at HBV headquarters. Moreover~ he ie the man xho xill probably be desig-
nated chaii-~nan at the 19~0 Trade Union Congrees.
Meanxhile, the goals of the communists in the HBV axe being pursued openly. -
In the words of the DKP enterp~ise groL,p of the west German Larulesbank in
the party ne~sp~per UAI~ERE ZEIT, in aucidition to the na.tionallzation of big
banking, influential posts must be acquire~i in the financial institutions.
This is because the 203~400 Deutache Bank atockholders, for examgle, are
not very interested in the analysis of xho controls this bank and its
activitye "The board of directors afforda more of an insight."
Thoughts of this kind are b~ing reflected by the HBV~ a fac;t that under-
scores 3ust hoW strong the DKP xing is there. When a group of scholars,
presided over by Prof Jo~rg Huffsch~id, a DKP member~ published its "Memo-
randum 79" containing a pro~ection of a communist economic policy~ it re-
cef ved. spontaneous support from close to 50 of the approximately 200 full-
time HBV functionaries.
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Their statement read: "It is our opinian tha.t t,he democra.tization of the
economy~ the democratic formulation of needs and the planning and control
of production...is possible...not on the baasis of private property."
Among those Kho signed the statement xere the closest associates of HBV
chairman-ciesigna.te Volkmax~ In the ~udgment of Karl t4ommer~ former
business managa~ of the SPI~ parliamentary group, rcygarding those xho coop-
era.te xith communists, they are more like "Tro,jan donkeys" than DKP mem-
bers. ~or AUSBLICK, the 3ournal for HBV members, also celebrated xhat
Vetter axg~.ed vigorously against in a letter circulated to all DGB organ-
izations: that the memorandum coincic~es "fur~damentally xith union de-
mand.s . "
It is indeed obvious why a trade union like this p~.rticular one could be-
come a spacial target of DKY infiltration. With a total active membership
of about 135,000, the age group betWeen 21 ar~d 30 constitutes the party ~s _
greatest reservoir in addition to its organiza,tional ot'fshoots. Most of -
these are young academics who xould not pass muster for entry into the
, civil service. They therefore seek employment in the largely unprotected
priva.te services sector.
The fact is that more and more communists are finding refuge xith banks,
insurance companies azrl commercial establishmer~ts~ xhere the HBV recruits
most of its mea~bers. But a substantia7. number of Di:P comrades come from
~ other sectors that axe a1sa~ represented by the union: pa.rties, book
stores~ pub113hing houses and tra.vel bureaus as xell as housing enter-
prises. The D.KP also maintains these kinds of businesses, and their em-
ployees ha.ve joined the HBV as a~roup~ thus bringing with them a sizable
votin~ bloc.
idhile other employee organiza.tions the German Salasied. Employees ~nion
(DA:i), for instance make use of their chaxters to exclude members of
"antidemocratic parties," the HBV does not do this. Md just hox far the
basic values have shifted in this union was revealed. by HBV press chief
Christian "-oetz, future member of the executive committee. fie considers
membership in t'~e D~iP and H:~V to be compa.tible. but at the same time he
_ doubts "whether simultaneous memberahip in the CSU and a D1B un3.on is
acceptable~ since the CSU consta.ntly questions the uniform trade union~
while the DKP does not."
Characteristic of this icind of attitude is the pressure exerted on HBV
employses in r~ssen, for instance as revealed. in a statement by a
= salaried ~mployee: "The first thing colleague Arne Schumacher asked me
about Kas my political orientation. After I sa.id I was a Social Deoaocrat,
he asked whether I could xork trith DiCP colleagues." Why? Becauss "my em-
ployment xo~zld be possible only if this coopera.tion would Kork."
It xorks just as well the other way arourx~. When the DG3 -oxned publishing
hovse fired an ?~HV member because of inembership in the DKP~ all the IiBV
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r~~K c)f
FTC rnr, usr. c,Ni.ti~
secretaries at the Coblenz business office protested with a petition
filled xith signatures ~Yom people all over the country even though
unsuccessfully. The dismissal xas upheld.
:ontrol i nside the union is going smoothly~ as seen by an example taken �
- from 197�, ?+hen the Duesseldorf local administration issue~ invitations to -
a meeting for the purpose of naming delegates for elections to the execu-
tive committee. The notices were sent out very late~ but the IfdV commun-
ists had them early enough so that Herbert Mies and Jupp Angenfort, top
DKP functionaries, xere among those xho managed to be gresent. The result
xas that there Kere enough DKP delegates to elect, amon~ others, Gusta,v
ZYa.mboksky, member of the DKP Executive Committee, ta the union's local
executive committee. Interestingly enougho the list of participants used
xas the one intended to provide an accounting for an educational confer -
ence lasting several days and aubsidi2ed by public funds. The i~V N,ain
r~cecutive Committee put presaure on t*~o secretaries who had quest~Loned the
regularity of the invitations.
J A former HBV secretary described the atmosphere in the business offices of
- the main e~eecutive committee in this way~ "Constant crisis at the top~ up-
roax over power struggles ard the illegal recording of and eavesdropging
on telephone conversations~ searches for electronic bugging devices in
executive committee offices, a series of mysterious thefts in Duesseldorf
and Hamburg." The verdicts "It caused this DGB or~aniza.tion to gain a
reputation reminiscent of Watergate." Five of the six elected members of
this body xill be 1Qaving. They have decided not to run for office again
at the Trade Union Congress. The ones xho xill move up axe considered a
sure things All axs from Volkmar's circle of close associates.
CQPYRI ;'rIT: 19'~0 ~runer + Jahr & Co.
745g
Cso: 3103
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COUNTRY SECTION FRANCE
I~KGVED ARMS CONCEPTION SYSTEM DISCUSSED
- Paris ARI~?ES D'AUJOURD'HUI in French 30-3~. May 80 pp 30-31
[Article by Col Louis Voiney] ~
[Text] Military persoranel have operational capacity concerns (eff:tciency,
superiority in adverse enviranments, reliability, operationa'! conditions
etc.)
All these concerns can be included under the broad heading of operational
needs. Simple reasoning would call for a prior evaluation of military
personnel by requesting precise quantified formulation of their needs.
But are they capable of it? Is it even reasonable and rea~istic to ask
for assessnpnt of new armaments by future users? Once the weapon is com-
pleted can one be sure that it corresponds exactly to the user's expressed
operational needs?
Other questions arise. Is it poasible at the des3gn stage to foresee the
complete hardware capacity and the optimal utilization organization?
Loop-like End Results
These concerns are increaeing, and will undoubtedly keep on increasing,
= because military hardware is becoming ever more sophiaticated.
Components of modern armaments perform complex and ever more integrated ~
functions, interacting with one another in a non-linear manner. Weapons
systems themselvea are components of a larger system (such as a defenae _
system), with very complex operational constraints. Z'hus, systems of
ob~ective setting, under study in several countries, are characterized
by a very close relation between o~~ective setting, locating systems and
weapon systems. Thi.s develops the need for repreaentation of systems
operational capacities which cannot be analytically and sqnthetically
achieved by humans.
. Engineers and system analysts are faced with the same complexity when
selecting possible solutiona. Laws of integrgtion for new, isolated
techniques components and sub-systems for compound syatems are mostly
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non-linear. This process cannot be aeparated either from military and
budgetary constraints.
New simulation methods are being developed, which permit engineers to -
foresee resulta in fine produced by the eyatem (or "loop-like end results
to uae a more t~chnical expreeaion), without the need for a real system.
7'hese new methods help mil~tary personnel determine coniitions of use, ,
operational constraints and criteria, maneuverability margins, optimal
performance and this at the system evaluation stage.
These methods use representation of componente or sub-aqstems operation
and proceed with simulation. Elements difficult to quantify a priori
(such as operational reactions of weapons system users) can be introduced
- in the representation process.
This scheme is by now.classical and ~uite well-known. French military
- specialists in operations research are familiar with the varioue steps of
the process.
However, it seems that the p~ocess deprives military personnel from in-
tervening in a timely fashion and specifying their needa. New simula-
tion equipment permits data feeding from military personnel and should -
solve problems associated with the use of finished products. Technical
centers, such as the Centre Electronique de 1'Armement, have demonstrated
- the efficiency of such methods.
These methods are called: Caum (military user assisted conception). It
showed that evaluation teamwork (engineer-to-operational user) can become
a reality and need not remain a staff and technical personnel dream.
The various simulatlon techniques are now so advanced as to allow the _
necessary symbiosis and flelsiTitlify'~for ~ data feeding.
How and Why?
Former evaluation methods provided solutions and answers from ~tatistical
results of utilization conditions foreseen by the user. They also antici-
pated model stmulation for all pro~ects that were expensive, uncertain
and affected by delays.
These analogical simulations are still used today,,but they lack flexi-
bility and efficiency. Modeling is not the best adapted solution to
operational representation of complexly interconnected elements.
Only analytical modeling makes it possible to vary utilization data and
system characteristics to draw results with sufficient statistical value.
This type of modeling expresaes operational functions through logical or
mathematical laws and calculates them.
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h{%~~bk ,
'.i'~ . . . . . . . . . � .
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The operation of elaborate models, aimulation techniques and devices and
the use of more and more integrated and complicated syateme have been
made posaible through considerable progresa in data proceseing. This
progreas increased coat, performance and epace occupancy. In parallel,
this influenced weapons system development, including more and more
calculators permitting greater flexibility by replacing part of the equip-
' ment by Iog~~atical devices and emphasizing simulation techniques.
It is now possible for military peraonnel to participate in weapon systems
conception and evaluation studies.
It is possible to be integrated in a simulation acheme to develop a~ery
realistic scenario matching the uaer's operational respnnaes. It also
offers the poasibility to accurately quantify and apecify operational
- needs. Consequently, the user has the poasibility to explore as closely
as possible specifications which appeared complicated at first, and he
may do this by proceeding himself to the parametr3.c screening.
The user is not directly involved in the system operation as an element
of functional relation between two sub-syatems. He is essentially con-
cerned by the system's termibal efficiency and environmental conditions
of operation. The user can naw visualize partial resulte supplied by
sub-systems and provide an operat3onal ratin~, at any time and as many
times as deaired. The user can foresee and study utilization tactics
from the conception stage which can lead to insertion of modifications
to specificationa. These possibilities became reality because of growth
in the capacities of computers, ~acreases in modelling experience, sys-
tems conceivers concerned with models, mastery of interface technologies,
reliable screen representation and conversational systems. These devel-
opments open an extraordinarq field of exploration for interactive ma-
chines. These methods of military user-assisted conception (cawn) are
still at the development stage. Will it be possible to generalize them
to respond fullq to the militarq personnel's concerns?
~ Imagination and goodwill (intimately connected with technology develop-
ments) should allow association of military usere with evaluation and
conception of weapon systems.
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TECH~l1pUfS ~iSPO~iBIES (D) OU P~~YISlBI~S (P)
T.D1 T.U2 T.P7 T.P2
A)
sy~ttmn darmes
optimisa ion
2 tochn'iq?w
B) D)
besoins op~rationnels V 6valuation par simulation
U E)
- aide ~ la d~fi^`~~
op8ratiot~~ 1
U, utilisateur op~r~tionn~l
S, services tocMiic~uee a U ? ?
E, oxperts ~ _
F, toumisscurs t1n donnbes (tiorrt indtatrieb)
Available or Anticipated Techniques
Key :
T.D1=available technique 1
T.D2=available technique 4~ 2
_ T.P1=anticipated technique 1
T.P2=anticipated technique 4~ 2
(A) Weapons system
(B) Operational requirements
(C) Technical optimization
_ (D) Evaluation by trial
(E) Aid to operational definition
U = operational user
S = technical services
E = experts
F = data suppliers (including manufacturers)
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Biography
Colonel Louis Voiney graduated from Saint Cyr in 1948 in naval artillery.
He is a graduate of the ataff College in superior technical atudies and
engineering. He is presently a consultant on mil:Ltary affairs for the
- Centre Electronique de 1'Armement. Previously he worked for many years
in the central administration of the armed forces staff and in the minis- _
terial delegation for armaments (he was chief of a scientific research
division at D.R.M.E.) before commanding a regiment.
COPYRIGHT: 1986 - Revue dea forces armees francaises
"Armees d'Au~ourd'hui"
8924
CSO: 3100 ~
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COUNTRY SECTION ITpLy
,
TEXT OF 1980 FINANCIAL LAW PROVISIONS
Milan IL SOLE-24 ORE in Italian 1, 4, 6 May SO ~
, [1 May S0, p 9]
[Text] We are comQnencing publication of the complete
text of Law No 146 of 24 April (in the GAZZETTA UFFICIALE -
_ No 115, 28 April) better known as the 1980 Financial
Law which specifies provisions for drawing up the
State's annual and pluriannual budget.
Appendices [not included]
The GAZZETTA UFFI�^.IALE, No 115, 28 April, publishes
three tables as appendices to the 1980 financial law:
Table A: Amounts to be included in the budget in con-
nection with authorizations for expenditure carried over
- from the pluriannual laws.
Table B: List of the items to be included in the
above-line part of the Special Fund.
Table C: List of the items to be included in the
capital account of the Special Fund.
Provisions in Tax Matters
Article 1
The following replaces snbparagraph.:�c .in.,the :fizs~,~aragraph.:,of_:artiale 10
of Decree No 597, of 29 September. 1973, of the pre�ident of the Republ,ic,
in the'text replaced by article'~5 of Law No 114, of 13 April 1977:
"c. Interest receivable paid to persons residing in the territory of the
� State or to permanent organizations in the territory of the state of non-
resident persons derived from loans or agricultural loans of any kind, and
also interest receivable and accessory fees paid to those same persons
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derived from mortgage loans on real estate fnr which a deduction is allowed
for a total amount not greater than 4 million lire, wi~h the exception of
what is specified in the fourth paragraph of article 58." -
The amount of 2 million lire stated in the first paragraph, subparagraph 1,
of the above-mentioned article 10, is increased to 2.5 million lire.
The provisions of the above paragraphs are applicable to obligations in-
curred from 1 January 1980.
Article 2
Subparagraphs 1 and 2 of the second paragraph of article 15 of 1Decree No
597, of 19 September 1973, of the president of the Republic, and subse-
quent modifications, are replaced by the following:
"1. 108,000 lire for not legally and actually separated spouse who has
no income of his or her own, excluding exempt income and income subject
to withhalding at the source by way of tax, for an amount greater than
960,000 lire on the gross deductible obligations;
"2. The following amounts for minor children or adopted children:
12,000 lire for one child.
_ 24,000 lire for two chilren.
36,000 lire for three children.
48,000 lire for four children.
72,000 lire for five children.
108,000 lire for six children.
144,000 lire for seven children.
228,000 lire for eight children.
108,000 lire for any additional child.
"'I'he deduction is also applicable to children permanently incapable of
working and to children not over 26 years old engaged in studies or free
apprenticeship, provided they have no income of their own greater than
960,000 lire. If one of the spouses does not have income amounting to
over 960,000 lire, the deduction for children is applicable to the other
spouse in double the amount. In case tliere is no spouse, the deduction
referred to in 1, above, is applicable to the first child and the deduc-
tible amount depending on the number of children is doubled and this amount _
is reduced by 24,000 lire." .
In article 16 of Decree No 597, of 29 ~eptember 1973, of the president of
the Republic, and subsequent modifications, tY~e amount of 84,000 lire,
specified in the first paragraph of a, is raised to 168,000 lire, and
_ the amounts of 102,000 lire and 84,000 lire specified in the second para-
graph are raised, respectively, to 186,000 lire and 168,000 lire.
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In the second paragraph of article 9, of Law No 825, of 9 October 1971, in
the first sentence the words "will be calculated for four-tenths" are re-
placed with the following; "will be calculated for seven-tenths."
In article 48 of Decree No 597, of 29 September 1973, of the president of r
the Republic, and subsequent u?odifications, the rate~of..40~percent;
specified in ~the fourth paragraph, is raised to 70 percent.
The provisions included in the present article become effective as of 1
January 1980, with the exception of what is specified by the temporary
provisions of the present law.
Article 3
Effective as of 1 January 1980, persons with income derived from ~tages or
salary and with income covered by article 47, first paragraph, su~paragraph
a, of Decree No 597, of 29 September 1973, of the president of the Republic,
and subsequent modifications, nqt exeeding in iteelf and with other income
the total gross amcunt of 2.5 million lire, are entitled to a further tax
deduction of 52,000 lire a year, for the year's work period. The deduction
is also applicable to the effects of the next to last paragraph of article
23 of Decree No 600, of 29 5eptember 1973, of the president of the Republic.
_ Likewise effective as of 1 January 1980 ar~ticles 59 of Law No 843, of 21
- December 1978, and Decree-Law No 663, of 30 December 1979, converted, witYi -
_ modifications, into Law No 33, of 29 February 1980, are repealed. -
Article 4
For real estate units intended for residential use, owned by the taxpayer,
in additiori to the one used as principal dwelling,and used as secondary re-
- sidences or at any rate held available to himself, income from the build-
ings determined in accordance with article 88 of Decree No 597, of 29 Sep-
tember 1973, of the president of the Republic, is increased by a third,
effective as of 1 January 1979. Real estate units assigned to professional _
use are exempt from the increase.
Starting on that same date, the increase specified in the preceding para-
graph is also applicable to real estate units owned by persons other than
private individuals, that do not form capital goods in the sense of articles
40 and 52, second paragraph, of Decree No 597, of 29 September 1973, of
the president of the R~epublic, and that are not used for renting.
Owners of real estate units for which the assessment declaration has not -
been submitted are subject, if they do not declare t~e per~inent income
and this income is in excess of 800,000 lire a year, to a fine~at the rate
of 30 percent of the ascertained income. The same fine is applicable to
those who fail to declare income from rural constructions assigned for
use different from the use specified in article 39 of Decree No 597, of
29 September 1973, of the president of the Republic, and for which the
assessment declaration has not been submitted to the urban building
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assessor's office, provided this income exceeds the above-mentioned
amount of 800,000 lire. The penalties for omission, incompleteness or
dishonesty in t:1e declarnt~ion of income remain unaffected.
Anyone not declaring incor.ie fr~m buildinqs exempt from the local income
tax or declaring them at a rate lower than over one-third of their amount,
loses the benefit of exemption starting in the first tax period for which
he has committed the infraction. The penalties for omission, incomplete-
ness or dishonesty in the declaration remain unaffected.
Article 5
The Deposit and Loan Bank is exempt from the income tax on corporations.
The provision contained in the present article is a15o applicable to past
fiscal years.
Urgent Measures for Reducing Evas~on in 1980
Article 6
The first paragraph of article 37 of Decree No 600, of 29 September 1973,
ofi the president of the Republic, is replaced with the following:
"On the basis of selective criteria determi.ned annually by the minister of
Finance, taking also into account their operational capability, tax of-
fices will proceed to examine declarations and to single out persons who
have failed to submit data and information in the appendix in connection
with the preceding articles and by means of the declarations sp~cified in
article 6 and 7, from data gathered by and reported by the tax register
office and from information that they have at any rate." _
The following sentence is added to the first paragraph of article 51 of
Decree No 633, of 26 October 1972, of the president of the Republic, and
subsequent modifications: "Examination of declarations submitted and the
singling out of persons who have failed to submit them are made on the
basis of selective criteria specified annually by the minister of Finance,
also taking inio account the operational capability of the offices them-
selves." ~
Article 7
The article in Decree-Law No 260, of 6 July 1974, converted, with modifi-
cations, into Law No 354, of 14 August 1974, to replace article 2 of Law
No 160, of 2 May~ 1976, is replaced with the followinq:
"Because the powers assigned by the individual tax laws to the Financial
Administration agencies are still effective with regard to inspection,
examination and verification, the Finance Guard proceeds to make overall
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examinations for all taxes with regard tc~ persons selected by means of a
drawing.
"Draw.ing is conducted in accordance with criteria determined annually with -
a decree of the Ministry of Finance, in the area of economic and profes-
sional categories, with regard to the volut^e of business resulti.ng from
the annual declarations submitted by payers of the value added tax or with
regard to declared income for purposes of the pertinent taxes, or with re-
gard to indications of consistent tax evasion detectable from differences
between the taxpayers' declarations and the ~hecks made by tax offices and -
also specific indications of tax capability derived also from sources out-
side the Financial Administration. With the same decree, the minister of
- Finance may specify that up to 10 percent drawings will be conducted with
regard to persons subject to taxation in general.
"Tt may be specified, by means of the decree mentionEd in the preceding
~ paragraph, that examination will be extended to administrators and part-
ners of companies and to members of the family group of private indivi-
duals drawn by lot.
"~The examinations specified in the preceding paragraphs may be ,performed,
with the above-mentioned criteria and procedures, also by mixed groups of
officials of direct tax and indirect tax on business administrations, es-
- tablished by decxee of the minister of Finance." -
Article 8
Service centers are established under the Ministry of Finance in a number
_ not greater than 15. Service centers receive declarations and certificates
in lieu thereof submitted for income tax purposes. They handle payment of
taxes due and pertinent examinations, refunds and preparation of payment
rolls. 2hey also handle examination of payments to tax coll~ctors and to
credit institutions and they keep files of d~clarations and certificates
in lieu thereof.
Provisions required for ens~sring that service centers for operations in the
Rome and Milan areas will begin to operate by 31 December 1980 are issued
~ by means of decrees of the minister of Finance. The expenditure of 45
billion lire is authorized for 1980.
The government of the Republic is delegated to issue, by 30 November 1980,
after consultation with the committee provided by the first paragraph of
article 17 of Law No 825, of 9 October 19'11, on proposal by the president
of the Council of Ministers, in agreement with the ministers of Interior,
Finan.;e, Treasury and Budget and Economic Planning, one or more decrees
with the weight of an ordinary law for the following purposes:
1. To specify ~he territorial jurisdiction of the service centers, with _
attention to the best operating size, the density of taxpayers in the
territory and existing infrastructures.
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2. To specify the relationsliip of the service centers with taxpayers and
with the other central and peripheral offices of the Financial Administra-
tion, determining their orgnnic and functional dependence, taking into ac-
count the need for separating the specific functions of checking from other
tasks pertaining to the administration, settlement of declarations and ex-
aminations connected with the taxes due. ?
3. To integrate the personnel allowances of the personnel rolls of the:Fi-
nancial Administration within the maximum limit of 5,000 persons and to ,
provide for covering the perti.nent posts by means of accelerated proce-
dures, to be accomplished e~ven: by:_ departing :fr~m..tne provisions of a
general nature in effect with regard to public competitive examinations,
and also by means of special competitive examinations, also by rights
alone reserved for employees on the next lower career rolls of the Finan-
cial Administration.
If the coman.ittee mentioned in the preceding paragraph does not express its
own ~pinion within 45 days from initiation of 'the decree drafts, the gov-
ernment decides all the same, reporting its action to Parliament.
For the purpose of providing service centers with the requisite property,
the minister of Finance i.s authorized to take- action by means of building,
buying or leasing real estate.
Construction of structures requiring special security measures can be
entrusted in concession to companies in which the state participates pre-
_ dominantly directly or indirectly.
Areas belonging to the state's property or, if there are none, are as ac-
quired by means of expropriation for pualic utility or by sales contract
or exchange, to which the provisions of Roy.al Decree-Law No 2,000, of
10 September 1923, converted i.nto Law No 473, of 17 April 1925, apply,
even when the areas to be transferred to the state are worth more than
the state's property to be exchanged with them, are assigned to the con-
struction of buildings, mentioned in the preceding paragraphs. _
Construction of buildings, referred to in the preceding paragraphs, is de-
clared to be for public utility, urgent and impartial, and, until their
execution is completed, the provisions of Law No 1, of 3 January 1978,
are applicable.
The minister of Finance is authorized to draw up contracts or agreements
for the acquisition of technical means, furnishings, equipment and ser-
vices, including services pertaining to acquisition of data on magnetic
tape and~to fozwarding of records and documents .required for operating
the centers.
Lease contracts for buildings and trhe contracts and agreements referred to
in the preceding paragraph are drawn up and the pertinent expenditures are
made even by departing from the state's rules on accounting, excl uding any
kind of operation outside the budget.
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Article 9
The central service of tax inspectors is established under the Financial
Administration and directly responsible to the minister of Finance. -
The central service of tax inspectors is responsible for the following:
a. Supervises the checking activity of offices by making use also of de-
partmental inspectors with territorial jurisdiction. It also supervises
the verifications performed by the Finance Guard.
b. In order to perform the supervision referred to a, above, be tter, it
may, as a special procedure, require verifications and examinations and
it may intervene in verifications in progress by offices and the Finance
Guard.
c. As a special procedure, it handles verifications and examina~tions
pertaining to taxpayers with regard to whom there are groun3s for sus-
' pecting large-scale evasion.
d. It makes proposals to the minister of Finance for preparation and im-
plementation of verification programs.
The central service of tax inspectors [forwards] to the pertinent tax of-
fices reports, information and data acquired and the results of verifica-
tions performed. Tax offices must take into account every item disclosed
in the process of verification.
Article 10
Not more than 50 inspectors are assigned to the service. They are selected
as follows:
a. Forty percent from Financial Administration empToyees with a rank not
lower than f~rst manager.
b. Up to 20 percent from persons not members of Civil Service and the rest
from employees of other state administration with a rank not below first
manager and from persons referred to in Law No 392, of 24 May 1951, with~
a position not lower than appellate court judge or the equivalent, who
_ have demonstr~ted a high degree of competency and professional experience
in one or more of the fields of finance, taxation, accounting and business.
Inspectors are appointed by decree of the president of the Council of Min-
isters on proposal by the minister of Finance, with the advice of the
Higher Finance Council.
Tax inspectors are appointed for 7 years and the appointment is renewable
once only. Inspectors drawn from personnel covered by Law No 392, of 24
May 1951, are placed off the roll for the duration of the appointment.
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Posts left open by inspectors coming from Civil Service are regarde~ as
available for purposes of promotions to be granted.
Article 11
Executives of the service of tax inspectors are the director of the ser-
vice and the Coordinating Committee.
The �unctions of service directar are assigned by the minister, in accord-
ance with article 15 of Decree No 748, of 30 June 1972, of the president
of the Republic, to an inspector selected fro:~? a group of three nominated
by the inspectors. The service c~irector is in cna~ge of personnel admin-
istration and of execution of the deliberations of the Coordinati.ng Com-
mittee. He manages operating expenditures in the state budget and in-
cluded, in a single chapter, in the budget of the Ministry of Finance.
The Coordinating Committee consists of the service director as chairman and
six inspectors elected by the inspectors themselves, a senior officer of
the Finance Guard, selected by the minister of Finance from a group of ~
thr~ee nominated by the General Co~nittee of the Finance Guard, and also the
director general of direct taxes, the director general of indirect taxes
and levies on business, the director general of customs and of indirect
taxes and the director general of general affairs and personnel.
On the basis of directives issued by the minister of Finance, the Coordi-
nating Committee established rules for its own operation and for operation
of the service. It adopts criteria for programing and coordinating the =
inspectors' activity. It reports periodically to the minister on the ac-
tivity performed by the service. It forwa~ds to the cognizant financial
offices Facts brought out as a result of the activities performed by the
inspectors in accordance with subparagraphs a, b and c of the second para-
graph of article 9. It draws up proposals to the minister for adoption of
measures with regard to Finanrial Administration personnel responsible for
criminal or administrative irregularities detected in carrying out the
supervisory activity.
Inspectors perform the duties covered by subparagraph a of the second
paragraph of article 9 with powers of vigilance and supervision assigned -
to executive personnel of the Financial Administration and duties covered
by the subsequent subparagraphs b and c of the same paragraph with the
powers assigned to the Financial Administration by Decree No 6000 [sic],
of 29 Septembex 1973, of the president of the Republic, and other tax laws.
Departing from article 35 of the same decree, they are not obliged to re-
quest the opinion of the departmental inspectorate of taxes.
Inspectors must observe professional secrecy and abstain from business in
which they themselves or their relatives and kin have an interest. 2'hey
may not perform professional or.consultant activities or hold public of-
fice of any kind. Failure to avoid conflict of interest is cause for
dismissal from the post.
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Article 12
Inspectors appointed from persons not belonging to Civil Service are en-
titled to pay equal to the pay of a C-grade general manager. Inspectors
appointed from persons belonging to Civil Service and from personnel
covered by Law No 392, of 24 May 1951, with pay lower than the pay of
a C-grade general manager, are granted, for duration of the appointment, _
a supplementary, nonpensionable allowance equal to the difference between
the pay of a C-grade general manager and the pay received in the position
of origin. This last-mentioned pay is retained, even though it is a
larger amount.
In addition to the pay covered by the preceding paragraph, inspectors are
entitled to a special nonpensionable duty allowance for an amount equal
to the stipend of a C-grade general manager. The allowance and remunera-
tion also apply to the Christmas bonus.
The same allowance is granted to general managers in the Ministry of Fi-
ance and to the senior officer of the Finance Guard as members of the
Coordinating Committee.
Not more than 200 employees are assigned to the service, appointed by de-
_ cree of the minister of finance, half from executive career personnel of
the Financial Administration and the other half from upper grade Financial
Administration career personnel. They are entitled to a special duty al-
lowance, nonpensionable, equal to 50 percent of the pay received, excluding
the special supplementary allowance and temporary allowance covered by
Law No 412, of 19 June 1997 [sic; 1979?].
_ In performing verification activities specified in subparagraphs b and c
of the second paragraph of article 9, each inspector may request the col-
laboration of officers and noncommissioned officers of the Finance Guard
assigned by General Headquarters in a contingent determined annually by a
decree of the minister of finance. In the request, the inspector must
state the period of time during what he intends to use the collaboration.
Fo~ 1980, the appropriation for the central service of tax inspectors is
fixed at 7 billion ].ire.
Article 13
The organic personnel allowances of the Financial Administration are in-
creased by a total of 1,300 posts, 600 of which are assigned to the exe-
_ cutive career roll of the peripheral direct taxes administration, 300 to
the executive career roll of the peripheral indirect taxes on business
administration personnel in register offices and departmental inspec-
torates 50 to the executive career roll of the peripheral administra-
tion of customs and indirect taxes administrative personnel in Cus- -
toms 50 to the upper grade career roll of technical manufacturing
tax offices --accouiitants 150 to the executive career personnel roll
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of Custdms, 50 to the executive career personnel roll of technical manufac-
turing tax offices, 100 to the auxiliary career personnel roll of Customs.
These increases do not entail, in any case, reabsorption of supernumerary
posts in existence at present. The provisior? specified in article 2, third
pa~agraph, of Law No 397, of 4 August 1975, is also applicable to the man-
agement career roll of Customs. Z'he new personnel staff positions on the
_ above-mentioned rolls are determined by decree of the N!inistry of P'inance,
in accordance with the criteria established by current provisions on the
legal status of the civilian personnel of the state.
Provision is made for covering the posts created as an increase by the pre-
ceding paragraph on the management career and upper grade career rolls with
the procedures provided by articles 7 and following of Law No 397, of 4
August 197 ~ or by means of c~nferring the posts themselves by competitive
examination already announced but not yet held on the effective date of the
present law, or by means of special competitive examinations consisting of
aptitude tests whose procedures and modalities are specified by pertinent
announcements and that can be held also on a decentralized territorial
basis and departing from the currently effective general rules on public
competitive examinations.
A total expenditure of 13 billion lire is authorized for 1980 to implement
the present article.
Article 14
An outlay of 9 billion lire is autharized for 1980 to be included in the
appropriate chapter of the budget estimate of the Ministry of Finance for
the acquisition of technical facilities, furnishings and equipmen~ and for
furnishing forms and the services required for operating the tax offices,
in addition to the usual furnishings provided by current provisions.
- For 1980, the minister of finance and officials with managerial status are ~
authorized, within the scope of the powers provided by Decree No 748, of
30 June 1972, of the nresident of the Republic, to make contracts and
- agreements with one or several agencies, firms and companies offering suit-
able guarantees of reliability for the acquision of technical facilities,
furnishings and equipment and for furnishing forms and services mentioned
in the preceding paragraph, up to the amount of 9 billion lire, even by
departing from the rules on general accounting of the state and from ar-
ticle 14 of Law No 1140, of 28 September 1972, excluding any kind of
operation outside the budg~~t.
Article 15
with regard to civilian personnel of the state on the rolls of the Ministry
of Finance and transferred to another position owing to service require-
ments, the amount of the first relo~ation.allowance is.increased to 500,000
lire in addition to three monthly payments of the special supplementary
allowance in effect at the time of transfer.
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The pay provided by the first paragraph of article 1 of Decree No 513 of
16 January 1978, of the president of the Republic, and by T,rticle 1 of
Law No 417, of 26 July 1978, stops with regard to the personnel referred
to in the preceding paragraph, after the first 360 days of continuous
duty in the same locality.
Article 16
For purposes of ineeting the urgent, inevitable need for modernizing the
structures of the peripheral administration of Customs and of indirect
taxes, an appropriation of 40 billion lire is included in the budget es-
timate of the Ministry of Finance for 1980. In connection with that ap-
propriation, the Ministry of Finance is authorized to acquire and construct,
directly or through agencies, even departing from the rules on general ac-
counting of the state, buildings and appurtenances connected with them to
be used as buildings for the central chemical laboratory of Customs and.
indirect taxes in Rome and for Customs in Brescia, and also buildings of
an economical type to be used for quarters for the exclusive use of
civilian employees on duty in the peripheral offices of that same ad-
ministration.
~'he provisions covered by articles 2, 3, 5 and 6 of Law No 329, of 27 June
1949, are observed, replacing the jurisdiction of chief financial officer,
provided for in article 3, with the jurisdiction of the head of the customs
district.
Article 17
During absence of the regular person in charge, owing to vacancy in the
post or for any other reason, management of offices of the peripheral
administrations of the Ministry of Finance, to be filled by an official
of the grade of senior manager, it may be assigned, temporarily ~hd by
action of the cognizant director general, to an~official of the appropri.ate
executive career'holding the grade of fir-st mananger and with at least
3 years seniority in that grade. -
.
In the same situation and with the same procedures covered by the preceding
paragraph, management of the offices of the peripheral ac7ministrations of
the Ministry of Finance, which is assigned by law to an official of the
corresponding executive career, may be assigned_to an official whose grade
is not lower than assistant division head or the equivalent. ~
[4 May 80, p 11]
[Text] We continue publication begun in the issue
for Thursday 1 May of the complete text of Law No _
146, of 24 April, (published in the GAZZETTA UFFI-
CIALE, No 115, 28 April) better known as the 1980
Financial Law specifying provisions for preparing
the state's annual and multiannual budget.
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Article 18
'i'he following modifications are made to Decree No 600, of 29 Septembor
1973, of the president of the Repub"lic:
The third and fourth paragraphs of article 44 are replaced with the fol-
lowing:
"Z'he coirmiune of residence for tax purposes of a taxpayer avai].ing himself
of collaboration of tax advice if instituted, may call to the attention
of the direct tax office any incorporation of items contained in. the de-
clarations submitted by individuals in accordance with article 2, indi-
cating important data, facts and items and providing any appropriate do-
cumentation capable of proving it.
"For this purpose, the town council may see, in the tax office, the at-
tachments to the declarations already forwarded to it by that same tax
office. Important data, facts and items, proved by appropriate documenta-
tion, may be pointed out by the town council also in case of omission from
the declaration. ~
"The commune of residence for tax purposes of a taxpayer~for whom the tax ,
office has notified an intention to check in accordance with the second
paragraph may also propose an increase in taxal,le income, indicating, for
each income classification, important data, facts and items for determini.ng ~
the taxable increase and supplyinq any appropriate documentation capable of .
proving it. The proposal for an increase adopted by res4lution Qf the
town council, with taps advice if instituted, must reach the tax office, . ~
under penalty of forfeiture, within 90 days from receipt of the.report
stated in the second paragraph. The resolution of the town council is
for immediate execution."
The sixth paragraph of article 44 is replaced by the following:
"On expiration o.~ the 90-day period referred to in the fourth paragraph,
the tax office proceeds to make notification of the checks for which ei-
- ther proposals have been made by the commune for an increase or the com-
mune's proposals have been apnroved by the office itself."
The fol'owing is added after the last paragraph of article 44:
"In execution of the procedures specified in the third and fourth para-
graphs, the commune may request data and information from administra- ,
tions and public agencies, which are obliged to respond free of charge."
Article 19
_ The third paragraph of article 22 of Decree No 643, of 26 October 1972, of
the president of the Republic, and subsequent modifications are replaced
with the following:
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"Correction proposals not agreed to by the office must be forwarded to the
co~nittee referred to in the next paragraph and operating at each office.
It decides on the individual controversial items. If the co~nittee does
not decide within 45 days from the date of forwarding of the proposal, the
office proceeds to make a check, with the advice of the technical revenue ~
office in whose district the individual property is located."
The following is added after the third paragraph of article 22 of Decree
No 643, of 26 October 1972, of the president of the Republic, and sub-
sequent modifications:
"A commi.ttee for examining the commune's proposals is established at each -
register office. The provisions of article 45 of Decree No 600, of 29
September 1973, of the president of the Republic, are applicable to it." _
Article 20
The minister of Finance may call into temporary duty until reaching the
age limits for absolute release from active duty and at any rate not be-
yond 31 December 1985, with the consent of the parties concerned and in
excess on the personnel rolls, nonco~issioned officers and soldiers of
the Finance Guard who will cease their permanent or continuous active
duty because of age or else are on temporary duty from the effective date
of the present law until 31 December 1984, with the exception of those who
are included in the contingents farmed in accordance with Decree-Law
No 261, of 8 July 1974, converted, with modifications, into Law No 355,
of 14 August 1974.
~
Provisions Pertaining to Social Security and Employment
Article 21
The contri.bution by the state to the routi.ne management of the Unemployment
Fund of workers in industry and to the Pension F'und of dependent workers
in the National Social Security Institute, specified by article 12 of
Law No 164, of 20 May 1975, is established at 80 billion lire for fiscal
year 1980.
Article 22
Programs and projects prepared in i.mplementation of Law No 285, of 7 June
1977, and subsequent modifications and incorporations, and in accordance
with the Cozmnunity rules governing operation of the European Social F'umd,
are submitted by the Ministry of I~abor and Social Welfare to the Commis-
sion of the European Com~nunity to obtai.n the pertinent contributions.
Projects connected with the incentives referred to by article 14 of Law
No 183, of 2 May 1976, are also submitted by the Ministry of Labor and
Social Welfare, for the purpose of obtaining Co~nunity contributions.
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The contributions referred to in the first paragraph qo into the~state bud-
get for inclusion in the budget estimate of the Ministry of Treasury for
incorporation in the appropriations provided for fiscal years 1979 and 1980
by article 29 and 29-a of Law No 285, of 1 June 1977, and subsequent modi-
fications and incorporations.
Community contributions referred to in the second paragraph are reassigned
tb the pertinent chapter in the budget estimate of the Ministry of Labor
and Social Welfare specified by article 26 of Law No 845', of 21 December
- 1978, for supplementazy financing of special projects.
Contributions from the European Social Fund obtained for the incentives
referred to by article 9 of Law No 285, of 1 June 1977, and subsequent
modifications and incorporations, are allocated to employers receiving
those incentives.
Article 23
In accordance with the second and third paragraphs of article 22 of Law
No 845, of 21 December 1978, the total financing by the state for occupa-
tional training activities coming under the state's jurisdiction and for
remaining occupational trai.ning activities performed in regions under
special statutes and also for financing the Institute for Development of
Occupational Training of Workers (ISFOL) is fixed at 30 billion lire for
fiscal year 1980.
Provisions Pertaining to Public Works and Justice
Article 24
In order to provide for completion of work in progress, under the state's
jurisdiction and financed with special laws, including obligations due.
and coming due because of revision of contract prices, expropriation
indemnity, variation or supplementary appraisals, settlement of disputes
administratively or legally and the value-added tax specified by.article
18 of Decree-Law No 376, of 13 August 1975, converted, with modificstions,
into Law No 492, of 16 October 197 5, the outlay of 15 billion lire is
authorized for each of fiscal years 1980 and 1981 to be included in the
budget estimate of the Ministry of Public Works for those same years.
Article 25 -
For purposes of implementing the intervention program referred to by Law
No 1133, of 12 December 1971, Law No 404, of 1 July 1977, for construction, -
completion, adaptation, exchange, and also the acquisition of real estate
to be used by prevent~on and penal institutions, the further total expen-
diture of 150 billion lire is authorized, to be included in the budget
estimate of expenditures of the Ministry of Public Works in 1981 and
1982.
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Article 26
The Ministry of Public Works, in agreement with the Ministry of Justice,
for completion of plans for modernizing penitentiary buildings, is au- �
thorized to ,prepare procedures for competitive contracting for the con-
struction of new prevention and penal institutions.
The rules covered by article 2 of Royal Decree-Law No 1396, of 28 August
1924, converted into Law No 1013, of 27 May 1926, are applicable. The
opinion nf the comm~?ittee referred to in the s~me article is supplemented
by any other opinion.
The institutions and also the financial obligations will be indicated by ~
the Ministry of Justice in agreement with the Ministry of Public Works
and the Ministry of Treasury. _
- Rrticle 27
The outlay of 150 billion lire, to be included in the pertinent chapter
of the budget estimate of expenditures of the Ministry of Justice, is
authorized for 1980 for the acquisition of goods, fittings and services,
for the preparation of structures and for any other urgent operation for
the administration of justice, also with regard to the situation of the
reform of criminal procedure. -
For this purpose, the minister of Justice and officials of managerial
grade are authorized, within the sphere of powers provided by Decree
No 748, of 30 June 1972, of the president of the Republic, to make con-
tracts, including leases, and agreements, up to the amount of 1 billion
lire, with one or more agencies, companies, or persons offering suitable
- guarantees of reliat.~ility, even departing from the rule on general ac-
counting of the state and article 14 of Law No 1140, of 28 September 1942,
excluding any kind of operation outside the budget. -
The expenditure of 5 billion lire is authorized for 1980, to be included
in the pertinent chapter of the budget estimate of expenditure of the Min- -
istry of Justice, to be used for expenditures and fees for consultations,
documentation, publications, printing, dissemination, instruction, studies
and research.
With the advice of the administrative council, the minister of Justice
may also acquire, for that purpose, in matters under his jurisdiction,
the collaboration provided by articles 3, 4 and 5 of Decree-Law No 428,
of 24 July 1973, converted into Law No 497, of 4 August 1973.
Article 28
Within the scope of investments that may be made in accordance with cur-
rently effective regulations wit2; regard to local finance, communes may
make contr~icts with the Deposits and Mutual Loans Bank for execution of
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construction of new judiciary buildings or for reconstructions, restructur-
ings, height raisings, complet~.ons, expansions or ~xestorations of commune-
owned b uildings used for or to be used for judiciary offices, and also for
acquiring, also by private negotiations, buildings under construction or
already built, even though they have to restored, restructured, completed
or expanded to make them suitable for judiciary use, to be used for judi-
aiary offices.
Communes may also make contracts wi.tti the Deposits and Mutual Loans Bank
for greater obligations resulting from constructions, reconstructions, _
height raisings, expansions, restorations or special maintenance of build-
ings to be used as a magistrate's courthouse.
For purposes of granting the loans referred to in the two preceding para-
graphs, communes must attach to a request for financing certification,
signed by the commune secretary, that the project for executing the work `
has had a favorable opinion from the Ministry of Justice.
The Ministry of Justice sees to encouraging also with the collaboration
of the ANCI [National Association of Italian Municipalities] timely
submission of projects and to providinq, when necessary, the necessary
technical assistance, so that an outlay of 500 billion lire can be attained
in 1980, within the framework of the above-mentioned provisions. -
If the communes are no longer able to assume loans in accordance with "
Decree-Law No 702, of 10 November 1978, converted, with modificatio~ns,
into Law No 3, of 8 January 1979, the obligation of amortizing the 'lnans -
referred to in the preceding paragraphs is assumed, entirely or for the -
excess part, by the state budget.
Provisions for the South
Article 29
For the purpose of ensuring full functioning of operations already started
and not completed of the Fund for the South, and also for guaranteeing
speciAl financing of regional development programs of the South regions,
the CIPE [Interministerial Committee for Economic Planning] approves, with-
in 60 days from the effective date of the present law, a special program
of operations amounting to a total of 1,500 billion l:ire to be distributed
among the following public administration agencies:
~ a. ANAS [National Road Board] for the functional completion and preparation of
highway sections already started, including connecting and interchange
sisctions under the jurisdiction, until expiration of Law No 183, of 2 May -
1!~76, oi~ the Fund for the South. Programs are approved with the procedure
cc>vered by article 4b of Law No 843, of 21 December 1978.
b. Z'he Regional Development Fund referred to by article 12 of Law No 281,
of 16 May 1970, for financing regional development programs in the South
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regions, and also for completion of operations for buidling workers' houses
assigned to the Fund for the South by virtue of article 163 of the single
text approved by Decree No 218, of 6 March 1978, of the president of the
Republic, and also for sbil protection jobs and, in particular, for laying
out catchment basins. The amount of 150 billion lire is reserved, within
that fund, for tourist-environmental improvement of parks and of areas with
the value of a natural asset in the South regions.
Starting in 1981, provision is made for the outlay referred to in the pre-
ceding paragraph by means of suitable appropriations to be included in the
budget estimate of expenditure of the Ministry of Treasury. Z'he appropria-
tion for 1981 is fiXeii at 100 bill:imn isre:
Article 30
The amount of 1,500 billion lire within which the Funci for the South is
authorized, in accordance with article 22 of Law No 183, of 2 May 1976,
- to assume obligations in the 1976-1980 5-year period in excess of
the total subsidy provided by that same article 22 fox the same period,
already increased by 3,500 billion lire by article 47 of Law No 843, of
, 21 December 1978:, and subsequently raised by 1,800 billion lire, to be
used for carrying out special programs and industrial infrastructures.
The obligations stemming from the granting of subsi~3ies in capital ac-
count and in interest account provided by Law No 183, of 2 M~y 1976, for
industrial initiatives carried out in southern territories, may burden, in
fiscal year 1980, the assets of the National Fund for Credit Furnis.hed to
the Industrial Sector established in accordance with Decree No 902, of
9 November 1976, of the president of the Republic to be used for ac-
tivities in southern territories.
In the hospital sector, the Fund for the South is authorized, up to a to-
tal of 200 billion ~ire, to perform activities for ~he completion and
functional equipping of health structure already accomplished in a limited
way in rural areas, either totally or partially, and also construction and
equipping of buildings, services and offices indispensable for activating
the existing hospital complex.
Starting in fiscal year 1981, the increased obligations referred to in the
preceding paragraphs will be handled by means of suitable appropriations
to be included in the budget estimate of expenditure of the Ministry of
Treasury~ For 1981, the appropriation is fixed at 400 billion lire.
Article 31
The expenditure of 60 billion lire is authorized for 1980 and 50 billion
for 1981, 1982, 1983 to grant subsidies in capital account to communes ~
or their consortia that are undertaking initiatives in the territories -
covered by article 1 of the single text approved by Decree No 218, of 6
March 1978, of the president of the Republic, to transform existing met`~ane
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gas networks or to construct new networks for distributing methane gas in
communal territory.
The supplementary subsidy to be granted, up to a limit of 30 percent of
the estimated expenditure, by decree of the Ministry of Industry, Comtnerce
and Handicrafts that provides it, with the advice of the standing committee
on energy and favorable resolution by the CIPE.
A.request .for a subsidy must be accompanied by a~ietailed technical
plan .
Miscellaneous Provisions
Article 32
For the disabled registered under the first category with a superdisability
allowance, the new measures of special supplemental allowance, resulting _
from application of unit values covered by the fourth paragraph of ar-
ticle 74 of the single text of the rules on war pensions approved by de-
cree No 915, of 23 December 1978, of the president of the Republic, are
applicable starting 1 January 1980 and ef.fective as of 1 January of each
year, with exclusive reference to points of variation from the cost of
living index ascertained in the annual period from 1 November 1978 to
31 October 1979 and in the subsequent corresponding periods.
Effective as of 1 January 1980, the special supplementary allowance to
holders of war pensions is paid in a differential amount between the pos-
sible higher amount of the allowance itself and the amount due on anoicher
pension, allowance or remuneration for purposes of association with var- ~
iations in the cost of l~iving index or with similar automatic ac~justment
systems established by currently ef�ective provi.sions. The present para-
graph is applicable, also by means of periodic settlements, with exclusive
reference to the increases resulting from variations in the cost of living
index and other similar automatic adjustment systerns ascertained from
1 January 1980 onwards. `
Amounts possibly due to pension holders referred to in the next to the last
paragraph of article 11 of Law No 875, of 29 November 1977, and the tenth
paragraph of article 74 of the sinai~ text approved by Decree No 915, of
23 December 1978, of the president of the Republic, are approved for pay-
ment, provided the persons concerned hava declared or will declare within
= 90 days from the effective date of the present law that they are not en- -
titled to the allowance itself.
With regard to disabled war veterans who, because of the existence of other
permenent disabilities, benefit from the cumulative allowance provided in
Table F annexed to the single text approved by Decree No 915, of 23 Decem-
ber 1978, of the president of the Republic, the supplementary allowance re-
ferred to in aricle 75 of the above-mentioned single text, to be granted
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on the indicated cumula.ti~e allowance, is granted for an amount corres-
ponding to the amount of the supplementary allowance paid on the main pen-
sion allowance.
The provision stated in the last paragraph of article 8 of Law No 9, of
26 January 1980, is not applicable to disabled persons covered by subpara-
graph 1 of A in Table E annexed to the single text approved by Decree No
915, of 23 December 1978, of the president of the Republic, who are en-
titled to the cumulative allowance for disability accompanied by a loss
of sight.
Article 33
The endowment fund of the Credit Bank for Handicraft Enterprises, referred
to by article 36 of Law No 949, of 25 July 1952, and subsequent modifica-
tions and incorporations, is increased by the amount of 120 billion lire
distributed at the rate of 40 billion for each year from 1980 to 1982.
The fund for assistance in paying interest on credit transactions for -
craftsman enterprises, established in the Credit Bank for Handicraft Fhter-
prises in accordance with article 37 of Law No 949, of 25 July 1952, and
subsequent modifications and incorporations, is increased by the amount of
420 billion lire, distributed at the rate of 60 billion for each year from _
1980 to 1986.
Article 34
The total authorization for an expenditure of 85 billion lire referred to
in article 6 of Law No 517, of 10 October 1975, is increased by 250 bil-
lion lire at the rate of 25 billion for each year from 1980 to 1989.
Credit institutions and agencies referred to by article 4 of Law No 517,
of 10 October 3975, are authorized, even departing from currently effective
statutes, to grant medium-term financing at the usual rate to commercial _
enterprises, including enterprises performing service activities.
A subsidy in rental account for an amount equal in present value to
the subsidy in interest account that the transactions would enjoy if
they were carried out with relief financing covered by the same Law No 517,
will be granted to enterprises concerned for initiatives carried out with
financial leasing in accordance with article 5 of Law No 517, of 10 O~tober
1975. -
Within 3 months from the effective date of the present law, the minister
of Industry, Commerce and Handicrafts, in agreement with the mi.nister of
Treasury, provides, with a decree of his own, for specifying the modalities
and proceduY-ES for granting the subsidies referred tb in the preceding
paragraph. ~
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The subsidy for interest may be granted also for financing pertaini.ng
to expenditure programs submitted in accordance with Law No 1016, of 16 ~
September 1960, and subsequent modifications and incorporations, even though
already co~letely carried out by the effective date of the present law.
The following replaces the fifth paragraph of article 3 of Law No 517, of
10 October 1975:
"Tl:e availment period may not be greater than 1 year. The subsidy is
granted, on completion of the verifications referred to in subparagraph 3
of the fifth paragraph of article 6, for transactions entered upon with a
year from the data of the proposal tc grant the subsidy itself by the
committee referred to in the second paragraph of the above-mentioned ar-
ticle 6. The subsidy starts on the date of. disbursement of the fi-
nancing and ceases with the final amortization payment on the loan itself.
In case, as a result of the above-mentioned verifications, the subsidy
is not granted or in case, 2 years after the above-mentioned proposal, the
granting decree has not been implemented by tlte coi~rtni.ttee, the transaction
is understood as carried out at the usual rate.
"Provisic~n is made for the appointment of a substitute for each member of
the committee referred to in the precding paragraph who acts in case of
absence of the regular member."
Article 35 -
'I'he subsidies fund referred to in the first paragraph of article 3 of
Law No 295, of 28 May 1973, established in the central Medium-term Credit
Bank and increased by the amount of 1,430 billion lire, of which the amount
of 1,250 billion is reserved for payment of subsidies in interest ac-
count on deferred payment export financing transactions provided for by
Law No 227, of 24 May 1977, and subsequent modificatYOns.
The amount referred to in the preceding paragraph will be included in the
budget estimate of the Ministry of Treasury at the rate of 130 billion
lire in 1980, 350 billion in 1981, 345 billion in 1982, 250 billion in
1983, 200 billion in 1984 and 155 billion in 1985.
Article 36
The appropriation for the Central Statistics Institute referred to by Rpyal
- Decree-Law No 1285, of 27 May 1929, including the appropriations referred
to by Royal Decree No 1035, of 2 June 1927, for costs of preparing agri-
cultural statistics and by Royal Decree No 697 of 8 June 1933, for Italian _
, labor abroad statistical service, is authori~ed annually by an appropriate -
provision to be incorporated in the law approving the budget.
Article 37
Provision is madecfior cases of need concerning settlement of the National
Institute~for Mother and C'hild Welfare specified by arti~le 1 of Law No 698,
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of 23 December.1975, with ready funds from the treasury account referred
to by article 14 of Law No 1404, of 4 December 1956, by virtue of which
o grants to be established annually by an appropriate provision to be in-
corprated in the law approving the budget may be authorized.
Article 38
Amounts awed by individual state administrations to the Postal and Tele-
communications Administration, in accordance with articles 15, 16, 17 and ~
19 of the single text of legislative provisions on postal matte rs, postal
bank and telecommunications, approved by Decree No 156, of 29 March 1973,
of the president of the Republic, are chargeable to the Ministry of Trea-
~ sury and are authorized annually with a pertinent provision to be incor-
porated in the law approving the budget.
Article 39
Granting of subsidies by the National Treasury to the Fund for Religion,
in order to put it in a position to perform the aims of an institute, is
authorized by a pertinent provision to be incorporated in the law approv-
ing the budget.
Article 40
The further expenditure of 60 billion lire, including 10 billion for fiscal
- year 1980, is authorized for incorporating the amounts provided by Law -
No 268, of 24 June 1974, for attainment of the objectives referred to in
titles I and II of that same law. .
_ Article 41
Starting in fi~cal year 1980, payment of the subsidy to the Bank of Sar-
dinia in costs of supervision of agricultural funfls and other institutions
engaged in agraicultural credit provided by Law No 123, of 23 February
1952, ceases.
Provisions of a Financial Nature
Article 42
In connection with the trend of the money and finance market, the Ministry _
of Treasury and the Bank of Italy may enter into appropriate agreements to
regulate replacement of securities issued by the state and held entirely
by the bank itself by new securities in the form of special Treasury credit
certificates, Treasury credit certificates, ordinary Treasury bonds and
multiannual Treasury bonds. Z'he minister of Treasury is suthorized to
order,with his own decree and with the advice of the Interministerial
Cammittee on Credit and Savings, the issuance of new securities, also .
determini.ng their interest rate, term, repayment conditions and any other
procedures and characteristics. W'here necessary, the provisions of
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subparagraphs a, b and c of article 50 of Law No 843, of 21 December 1978,
and of article 71 of Royal Decree No 2440, of 18 November 1923, are appli-
- cable.
Article 43 -
Z'he amounts to be included with regard to expenditure authorizations de-
rived from laws of a multiannual nature are determined, for each of the
years 1980, 1981 and 1982, in the amounts indicated in Table A annexed
to the present law.
Article 44
The smounts to be included in the special funds referred to in article 10
of Law No 468, of 5 August 1978, for financing legislative measures whose
approval in 1980 is forecast are specified, respectively, as
31,299,447,000,000 lire for the special fund for current expenditures
and 5,311,845,060,000 lire for the special fund for capital account ex-
penditures.
- Article 45
T'he items to be included in the special funds for financing legislative
measures whose approval during 1980 is forecast are indicated in Tables
B and C annexed to the present law.
[6 May 80, n 14]
[Text] We conclude publication started on Thurs-
day 1 May and continued on Sunday 4 May of the
complete text of Law No 146, of 24 April, the Finan-
cial Law, which contains provisions f~r_ ~reparation
of the annual and multiannual budget of the state.
Article 46
The maximum amount of recourse to the financial market referred to in ar-
ticle 11 of Law No 468, of 5 August 1978, is fixed in terms of authority
at 72,770,536,976,000 lire.
The government of the Republic is obliged to indicate, in the estimate
_ and program report, the estimate of the actual recoixrse to the financial
market anticipated for 1980, within the framework of the assumptions re-
ferred to by article 4, fifth paragraph, of Law No 468 of 5 August 1978.
Article 47
The provisions referred to in the third and fourth paragraphs of article 2
are applicable starting 1 August 1980.
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State employees and employees of other public administrations, and also em-
ployees of agencies and ather public law institutions under state super-
vision, who are not members of Parliament and are called to the post ~f
minister or under secretary, are placed orn~leave for the period during ~
which they perform their duties, retaining the entire pay to which they
are entitled in an amount, at any rate, not greater than the amount pai.d
to members of Parliament.
Zhe increases in the deductions established by article 2 for accrued pay-
ments due up to end of the month in which the present law becomes effec-
tive are calculated by the tax deputies in the month of December 1980 or,
in case of termination of the work relation occurring subsequent to the
effective date of the same law, as of the date of termination.
Article 48
The terms specified in the second and third paragraphs of article 17 of
Law No 825, of 9 October 1971, and subsequent modifications, are extended
further, respectively, to 31 December 1981 and 31 December 1982.
The modifications, incorporations and corrections referred to in the second
and third paragraph~ of article 17 of Law No 825, of 9 October 1971, and
the second paragraph of article 22 of Law No 114, of 13 April 1977, taking
into account provisions of law pertaining to matters covered by each single
_ text that have become effective up to 2 months prior to issuance of single
texts, can be included in currently effective rules in drawing up single
texts.
The suthorization referred to in article 17, fifth paragraph, of Law No
825, of 9 October 1971, is extended up to 31 December 1982. Studies and
preparatory work on singte texts are assigned to the technical committee -
or implementation of the tax reform. The present composition of the com- -
mittee may be modified with regard to the above-mentioned tasks.
The powers of the committee referred to in the third paragraph of article
17 of Law No 825, of 9 October 1971, are assigned to the co~nittee referred
to in the first paragraph of article 17 of the above-mentioned law.
Article 49
The present law becomes effective on the day of its publication in the
GAZZETTA UFFICIALE of the Repuhl~ic.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Editrice I1 Sole-24 Ore s.r.l.
10,042
CSO: 3104 END
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