JPRS ID: 9327 JAPAN REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300040007-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 34
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 7
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9327
2 October 1980
, Ja an Re ort
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JPRS L/9327
2 October 1980
JAPAN REPORT
~,~M
- , ~s:.~ ~ ~ -
CONTENTS
POI,ITICAI~ AND' SOCIO?AGICAI,
Japan's Role in Southeast Asia Viewed
_ (Editorial; MAIPIICHI DAILY NEWS, 21 Sep 80) 1
Change in Japa~1's Policy Cited
(Minoru Hirano; MAINICHI DAII,Y NEWS, 7 5ep 80) 3
LDP Factions Awaiting Developments
(Takehiko Takahishi; MAINICHI DAIZY NEWS, 11 Sep 80).. 5
Suzuki Attenrpts To Silence Hawks
(Raisuke Honda; THE DAILY YOMIURI, $ Sep 80) 7
~YONIIURI~ on Money, Politics
(Editorial; THE DAIZY YOMIURI, 11 Sep 80) 9
MIZITARY
Wea,lrnesses in Hokkaido Defense Causing Concern
(SHUKAN 5HINCHO, 7 Aug 80) 11
ECONOMIC
~YOMIURI' Urges Real'istic Approach to Japan-PRC Economic
Ties ,
(Editorial; TH~ DAILY YOMIURI, 16 Sep 80) 17
Efforts Aimed at Bolstering Econot~y Welcomed
~ (Editorial; THE DAII,Y YOMIURI, 6 Sep 80) 19
Finance Ministry Considering Measures To Support Yen
(JTJI, 12 Sep 8G) 21
SCIENCE AND TECHNOI~OGY
Development of VISI in Japan Followed
(JOURNAI~ OF THE INSTITUTE OF ET,ECTRONICS AND
CO~II~IUNICAT20N ENGINEERS OF JAPAN, May 80)..........,,.~, 22
- a - [III - ASIA - 111 FOUO]
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL ~
- JAPAN~S ROLE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA VIEWED
OW221035 Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 21 Sep 80 p 2
[Editorial: "Japan's Role in Southeast Asia"]
[Text] Japan's relations witl~ ASEAN (The Aseociation of Southeast Asian
Nations) has imdergone a swift change in the past few years due to persis-
tent shaky and uneasy political situations in Asia, particularly in
Southeast Asia.
A Japanese diplomatic initiative designed to further solidify the bilateral ~
" relations on the principle of "heart-to-heart talks," promoted by fonner
Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda during his visit to the ASEAN region 3 yeare
ago, was well received.
The growing regional support for the new Japanese diplomatic approach,
however, diminished fast in strength, to be replaced with a strong ASEAN
call urging Japan to play a more significant political role in the region's
endeavor to maintain its security--a call directed at Foreign Minister
Masayoshi Ito when he visited Thailand toward the end of last month.
The ASEAN countries, especially Thailand, have become increasingly
jittery and apprehensive about a serious and lingering threat posed by
Vietnamese forcea, which still continue their presence in Cambodia and
which penetrated into Thailand last ~une.
Against this backdrop, at the recent Third Japan-ASEAN Sympoaium held
in Singapore under the sponaorship of the MAINICHI newapaners and the
Asian Affairs Research Council, the participating ASEAN paneliats voiced
various opinions in regard to Japan's poeaible emergence as a military ~
power. -
Many ASEAN panelists shared the vie~ca that it is inevitable f.or Japan to
emerge as a military power. A stm~narizing report adopted on the final
day even contained a paragraph which said in effect that a11 the ASEAN
panelists were unanimous in agreement that Japan has the legitimate right
to demonstrate its increased independence in the military field.
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~vu va~aivicw uat. vi~t~~
Againet this, Saburo Okita, the Japanese cocha~rman of the symposiuin and
the Japauese Government repreaentative for external economic affairs,
said Japan will continue to conduct its experiment of being a ma~or
economic power with no military strength, and voiced the hope that Japan
can contribute to global peace through the auccess of this experiment.
tn the summarizing report, a statement was made to the effect that a11
the Japanese panelists beli_eved Japan would not follow the path of becoming
a major military power.
These views amply illustrate the ASEAN countries' deep sense of danger
because of the "vacuum of strength" created by the post-Vietnam war
U.S. withdrawal from the region.
However, the ASEAN panelists were split as to their assessments of Japan's
becoming a strong military country.
One group outlined the concept of a power balance which they believed
would be beneficial of the region. They contended that Japan, if it
becomes a strong military nation, would be an important new element in
the regiona.l power balance, giving the region greater clout.
- The opposing side emphasized its great concern that Japan, if it becomes
a strong military nation, could bring great influence to bear on the
Asian region and that a longing to aee their nation become a superpower
could begin ea~ing at the hearts of the Japanese.
Evidently, sentiments the ASEAN countriea entertain toward Japan are
mixed, as is evidenced by the fact that all the ASEAN panelists subscribed
to the idea of attaining "peace, friendship and a neutral zone" in their
earnest quest to establish political stability and maintain aecurity in
_ the Southeast Asian region.
Accordingly, Japan's obvious reluctaace to become a ma~or military power
is ~uatifiable in this respect. Japan should reaffirm ite belief that itQ
greatest contribution toward maintaining aecurity in the ASEAN region
~iea in the area of extending economic cooperation and not in its positive
response to a hasty call for a milltary buildup voiced by eome ASEAN
panelists. ,
Of course, Japan should play some political role commensurate with its
power in an attempt to solve the Cambodian question which is worrying the
ASEAN nations. But the question of "how" is difficult tn answer. It
may be that Japan should work to convene an international conference to
seek a political solution of regional conflicts.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
CSO: 4120
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POZITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAZ
CHANGE IN JAPAN'S POLICY CITED
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 7 Sep 80 p 3
L"Behind the Scenea" coluam b,~ Mimoru Hirano; "Change in Japan's Policy"~
~Text~
-
Asian countries look to Japan to' play - Moreovei; evei~ody'a triend h~?a a
a more Isoaitive politicai role, Pbreign Min- etrong inatlnct to look atter htmaeli. He
ister Ito toid s preas conference at Ehe waat~ al~vaya to remain unacsthed.
P'oreign Miniatry upon his retura Thurs- d country which triea to be everyb~dy's
day irom a tour oi Thailand, Burma, In- lriend ca~ot purnue a posltive ionign
dia, Pakistan and China. policy.
He asid Japan should not onlq fu181 The recent tour oi Asian countries bq
such expectationa but should aLso step up Ito was not s mere goodwlll tour. He act-
ita economic aid to the area. ed ia ltne with the asid atrategy and tac-
To periorm � more active polittcal. rnle ti~a. Whea he waa told by Thailsnd that
in reeponse to the e~cpectattons of Mian the !!te A13EAN oountriea deslred Jap~?n to
countria, Japaa should shape its btrategy poitt~ively auppart the Pol Pot regime'a re-
and ta?ctica. The "atrategy" is to be aliga- prieentstion in the UN, he conveqed thia
ed with the Western camp in order ~ to dedre wherever he went and inatructed
strengthen the aecurity of thls camp. The t2~e Japaneae .amliaaaad'ora. _to__mon than
"tactica" is to support ASEAN and to act 40 ~~tries in the Arab world, Atrica and
in concert wlth ASEAN, in line with thla ~pu~ pmerlca to positlvely maneuver in
policy, Ito v~aited Thailand Sirst on hia re- aupport o! the Pol Pot regime.
cent tour, and personally chalred a meet- ~ pa~t~, which is directly aSected
ing in Bangkok oi Japanese ambassadors to by the 8oviet invasion of Atghaniatan. Ito
the countries of Southeast Asla. There is e~,~~d the Japaneae C3overnment'a poll-
a strong probability that also in line with ~ conWnue its economlc sanctiona
this policy; Prime 11~nlater Suzuki will viait g~~gt the Soviet Union and Lo atep up
the ASF.�AN countries next January on hia ;~d to the countriea borde~ing the disput-
Srst o~erseas tour since he became prime i ed area in order to beef up the security
~~~r� ~ oi the Weetern camp. Plans to increase
Both "the atrategy and the tactica evi- economic aid to Patiatan nnd extend eco-
dently signal a pollcy change irom the namic aid to the Cambodian refuQee~ !a
"omnidirectianal loreign policy," whtch ;~~~nd and aid to Thailand itaeli are
Japan once pur~ued. D+irlag hia tour, Ito, ,~ed at contatning the 8uvlet Union.
said that it was good to have a free hand
in foreign policy without aligning oneaeli Japaai's own national lnterest is involved
with anq epeciSc country but such an at- in such poslWre maneuvers by Fbrel~n
~itude mi'gh~ eatrange one's frlende. M1~~r I~� ~i1e visiting India, Tto ex-
Omnidirectional ioreign policq is an pressed Japan'a intenaon to stand aa a
"everybody'a friend" attitude. Everybody's candldate for s nonpermanent aett on
irlend is nobody's irlend. the UN Securitq Council for 1981-82. In
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1~UK U1~K1l:lAL u5~ oNLY
-~Tie prevfous -'eTec~�ton ~oi noiipermenent
membera oi th0 councll, held in November
1978, Japsn faikd to obtain ~upport oi
even hali o! tt?e 38 Asisn cr.:untries snd '
waa defeated by Hsn~ladesh. the rlval
candidate ia As1s. Ito'a recent tour oi .
Aais~ waa, in a way, s pre~andldacy cam-
paign by Japan for electioa to Lhe UN
Securlty Councll. '
It waa natural that India, which is on
iriendlq terma ~vith. the 8oviet IInion, re-
sponded coldly to Ito'a pro-A9lEAbT attitude
~ and Japan'a policy o! alianment with the
Weatern camp. Yndla gave no commitment
~ to aupport Japan !n the UN Becurity Coun- ,
cil election. ,
Pbrelga l~iniater Ito'a 2irst loreign bour,
where he acted ae ioreign minister oi a
member country of the Weetern csmp, is
alao being criticiaed ~vithln JApan for nar-
rowing down the toreira pollcy options o!
the governa~ent aud weakenina ita poei-
tion' aa an lateraational mediator.
However, the atrategy and tactica whlch
Japan has hammered out in order to per-
form ita political role will not change. Thia
will become even clearer during Ito's visit
to the U8 irom 8eptem'ber 18 snd his tallca
- with Soviet Fbreigt~ Attniater Andrei Qro-
myko during the IIN (3eneral Assembly.
COPYRYGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
CSO: 4120
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POLITICAI, AND SOCIOLOGICAI,
r
LDP FACTIONS AWAITING DEVELOPI~NTS
~ Tokyo MAIDTICHI DA~LY NEWS in English 11 Sep 80 p 2
r"Nagatacho Aoiags" coluaat by Takehilw Takahishi: "LDP Faction Awaitiag
Development10J
. I Text ] ~uFi
a~s~on,nTa
a w~k partY cab~s The Z~sucTfii
~~-aPPeaed;~~ere
. movementa of ~varlouk LDP W~ �a ~~B likelihood tdat
factioas can be observed qaietly maet of tl~ee members ot the
wlthin it. How long this M~ ~d leave with
situation will continue is Komoto. Mlki theretare "saved
problematical. , f~ce by disabar?ding his fac-
G7~airtnan Susumu Nllcaido of : t~~~~
the LDP's Executive Council is � 'Ut~ugh t~hls may ~t dave
saying that "there is no ~le raaso4 ft was
movement among the faMiona ~tedty a potent reason.
now, but if the Suzuki cebfnet T~ ~ a~~ by the later
starts to totter. factloaal formation of the Komoto tac-
movements will begin to ap- t~A.
pear." Nikaido is said'to be 1n a On Sept. 4, members of the
forn~er Mild taction who sup-
position representing the poM Komoto held a meeting at
Tanaka faction, He himselt has the Komoto o[tice. They agreed
a faction wlthin the LDP but to form a group .for the ex-
seems to believe that now is tbe change of information and ,
timetoremairr'quiet. . provide "material and ~
At the time the Suzuki ad- spiritual" support for the
minIstratlon c~tne into being,' coUection of polltlcal funds,
the bilki faction called for a thereby strengthening their
disbandment of factions. There solidarity.
are many rumors as to the Oi 90 members
o~~he House of
reason for this. One of them is Representatives who belonged
that "Komoto considered it to the former Miki faction, 1?
dlsadvantageous, in order to ~ attended this meetwg. Kinji
win in the party presidential ~ MoMyama, former trapsport
competttion, to be a member of ' m 1 n i s t e r, b e c a m e t h e
the Miki faction. Komoto ; representatlve caretaker of ti~e
- therefore told Mtki that he group.� Probably all the
would like to leave 6is faction: members ot the former Miki
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faction will eventually join this ~ Ishihara i former director
group. Tbis meaas the blrth ot a: general of the Environment
new Komoto tact~On aitD~ tba ` Agency)� s~n,d---~ie-7tNew~
LDP. ~ Polft#+nal=Lcnnomic St~ndq
, Prlor to the formation ot the ~~r.'~ Tbis soc~ety ass led -
Komoto taction. a meet'u~g of at aae tfine by the Iate 4kinon -
' the Tanaka faction.was beld. At Kaya, tormer flnance mWster
this time an agreement was and justice mintster. It hasbe~n
reached to snpport Justice revived by Ishihara. ~
Minister Seisuke Okuno. ~e l~t meeting after the
Although Okuno is outwardly revival was held at the end of
not atflliated with any fac~ion, it August. The representative
is well known that he is close to caretakers are, besides former
the Taaaka faction. Because of p~e ~~ister Fukuda. Shigeo
his statements concerning the ~a~ ~ Sohei Nakayama.
ConstItution. Justice Minister
Oguno das begun to be strongly Kaya was Nagano's senior,
attacked by the opposition. . both dailing trom HUoshima
Since demands are llltely to be Pr~fecture. Nakayama was
niade for "the f ustice ministeCs ~ Ishihara's senior~ both being
resigaatton," the ~anaka gtaduates ot Hltotsubashi
- faction is countertng this and Unfversity. Fuhuda was the one
giving support so that Prlme who appolnted Ishihara to head
Minister Suzuki will not call for the Eavtronment Agency at the
Okuno's resignatton. time of the Futcuda cabinet. '
Disbandment I~~~ bolds a positton
equivalent to secretary general
Former Prime Minister in the "Nakagawa group"
Takeo Fukuda has long ad- headed by Ichiro Nakagawa.
vocated the disbandment of director general ot the Science -
factions. Nevertheless. the and Tech~wlogy Agency. For
Selwakai association of the Ishibara to have boldly
Fuhuda iactbn stW retains its established such a political
office and cabinet ministers fwida association can be looked
wbo have been appolnted froat upoa as meaning that Posi~ive
the Futuda factioa call on ~ actbn will be .taken henceforlh ~
Fuknda irequently. No tac- to torm an Ishihara group.
tional movements are beiaS� Prime Minister Suzuki
carried out bat a struct~ is . regards "harmony". ~ as the
being maintained so that, as basis of politics. As against this.
Nikaido i~as stated, "if the ~ some critlcs asserts that his
~ Suzuki cabinet starts t~ totter." ;politics is like ttrat of ~�a
the Fukuda factlon can take ~caretaker ot a joint building."
~ a~tion at once. ;The o~cupants of varlous rooms
In this way tbe tactions are ~ � in this building, namely the
- watcdirrg and awaiting; facUons, seem prepared to
developments, but, in the midst ~ag[tate at any tlme, depending
of thls situation, a movment ~on the attitade of the caretaker.
establlsh a new factlon is under ' (The wrlter is an advlser to
way. This centers oa Shlntaro ' The ~NaWchi Newspapers and
tormerchkf editortal writer~.
COPYRIGST: Mainichi Daily News 1980
CSO: 4120
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POI,ITICAI~ AND SOCIOZOGICAL
SUZURI ATTEMPTS TO SILENCE HAWKS
Tokyo THE DAILY YOI~IIIURI in Ettglish 8 Sep 80 p 3
IPolitical Beat column, by Raieuke Honda: "Silencing the Iiawks"~
~Text~
. -
Prime Minister 8uzuld and other govera- . --~~uce s~riew,. �independent" con-
ment aad Liberal~DemocrattC Party (I.DP) ~~~n to replace the exlstiag cl~rber,
leaders appear perplezed over npeated ~ parEy ~aya ~vaa drs~vn yp under
"hawldsh" remarks .by Justicx Mlnfater 8ei- ~ p=~s oi the occupaWoa aut2wrlties.
. snlce Okuno reQarding. the highly eenattive ~ f~ Lherefore only natural for any
i~sue oi a constttutionsl revlsion. ' Lbbrsl-Democfitt to take s vie~v fa~?orina
Their embarraumeat over the Ol~na re- ` ~~n of the oonstitution. .
m4rl~s seemi ~o be nlated to mounting ' ~ Ia tset, ~morti i.DP Diet aaembers h~ve
criticfsm smong Lhe oppoaltion partiea !or i been aQlllsted a?lth the Dletmea'~ Les~ue
the Susu~i csbiaet's "s~vlne to the sl~ht for the Re~tloa oi aa Indepeadent Con-
Amoag the ~i8~ that the oppoaiti~ snd stituttoa chaired b9 tormer prime min- ~
t2u public re~srd sa the puauld sdmtais- ~ iatei Nobusalte Biat~f. ' � ~
tration'a "prorightlst leaninga" stre tlse ' ~ yDp ~membera who belonaed to the
vieit to Yasukun! Bhrine made by Prea~lei ' ~~~d faction led by the late
3uauic! and moet oi h1a cabinet members pn~~ ~y~~ Ohira, howersr, were -
on August 15, the annlversary oi the ead ~d to be tli~ most "dovLsh-minded" oom-
oi 'the Padtic War, end Lhe governa~en~ pQ~ ~p{},g other LDP membera.
decisioAS .te arm Air 9elf-Defenae Pbrce ~ 3uch fo~mer senior membera of the late
planea and Maritime Seli-Defense Bbrce Ohira'a faction as Chiei Cabinet 8eeretary
escort shipa with miaslles and torpedoee~ ; K2ich! Mtyaaaws and P'oreiga Minister D~a=
reaDecttvely. : , aaqoshl Ito bave not ~oined ttu Dietm~n's
Cloae aides of the premier are reportedlq ! Ie~gue !or ~+evlvn~ the ooastitutlon, al-
e~a~dons that auch a aequence o! eti?ente thongh Premier 8uauld~ who waa also ~
would lead to . eerioua "mfeunderatanding" ~s~g ~mber of the asme factton, 1s
by th~e peopk of the funda~ental policy ~ aialiated wlth the lea~ue.
linea o! the Suzuki government, unlese it ' ~~Yore, there fa no nason why the
comea out explicitly with its ni~~or poHcq ap~~a part4es ehould accuse the 8uzulci
g�~' ' cabinet of beln~ the "mo4t rightiat cabi-
Apparentlq in a~ Wd to clear auch a, � net" in the history o! postwar politics.
mi~underatanding, Suau~i, in maging a ~ curnnt rash o! event~ that aeem to
keynote speech Sundey at an LDP policy � s"tilt to the rlght" by the LDP
atudy. meeting at Hakvne, said he had no ~~dy $ttrlbutable bo some LDP le~d-
lntentlon at all of ~eeldng a revieion 10! ~~~g o8 efter the land~IIde victory
the war=renouncing coaatttution. o!, the LDP in the last "double'~ Diet elec-
Apart irom 'the cunent fua~ over the
iustice minleter'a � remarks calling for ~ ~ona.
amending the conatitutlon, the LDP's plat- ~ The ~ problem in thia connection ia that
fortn dces make it clear that its goal ia Premier 8usuk! haa been unable ~ to show
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eftective enough leadership to hold ~ such IndicatSona are that Premier Suzuki
inadvertent remarks in check. wouid Snd it virtaallY impossible to 8re
One former member of the late Ohira's O~~O ~~~r ~ lon~ aa the `
- iactton says: "The Suzuki cabinet 1s un- heavily depend
t Son~thenstr~
h ot the
doubtedly dovlsh ~ in character. It is re- Tansks iactlon. ~ -
grettable that the premier is so aSable as ~t t~ p~~~r's right-hand man, M1Ya-
to alloav hia cabinet members to make ya~~ has opsnly expressed hia displeasure
remarks'as the~ 1lke, to the eztent oi in- at Okuno's remarks, sayinB: "I cannot
curring unnecessary misunderstanding from ~deratantl why he has made it a point
the public: ' ' ~ gpeak out what mlght well be left un-
"The pnmfer as well as the chiei caDi- y~d .
net secretary should strongly urge the ~~n ~p ~~n~ry-C~eneral Yoshio 9a-
cabineC members to be more careful in ~,ucht, who himself caused an earlier
apeech and behavior," he siresaed. ~~otlon ior hia remarks in favor of re-
Mesnwhlle, . the faction led , by 2ormer o~g ~ ~onstitution, including war-
premier Kakuei Tanaka at its senior mem- ~no~~g ~rticle S, is critical of Okuno's .
bers meeting 9eptember 3 decided to mage re~g$ ~~aing gone too far." -
utmoat eaorta lest Justice Minister Oguno, y~~ough there is no immediate aiBn uf
knowa fbr his friendlq ties~ with the Ta- ~traparty strile in the ITiP, the lack of
naka iactton, ahould be forced to restgn leaderehip oi Pnaaler Suzuki, 1! left as it
hii post because of hta recent remarks. arould eventually lead to Browina dis-
cord in lsctlonai relations.
COP'YRIGHT: The D~ily Yomiuri 1980
CSO: 4120
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POLITICAI~ AND SOCIOLOGICAZ
'YOMIURI~ ON MONEY, POLITICS
Tokyo THE LIAILY YOMIURI in English 11 Sep 80 p 2
~Editorial: "Money and Politics"~
~ Text ~ Not only di~ nolitical donations rea.ch a record hi;h
of ~86,800 million in 1979 but there was a marked
increase ia the trend of professional organizatione ~
contributing #o political parties. .
The aharp rise in donations reported by the Home
AE~aiPS Miniatry is obviously due to the fact that
there were unified local elections in April of last year
- and a. general election in October. Also, campaign
funds were being amsesed for the House of Coun-
cilors election scheduled for the gummer of thia year.
The pronounced riae in donations by organizations
representing profeesiona or trade is worth noting.
There organizations now ha.ve become pressure g~roupa
in Japanese politics. Such well larown organizations _
such as the Japan Politieal League of Dentists wer: -
again on the list.
However, there were also some new organizationa. -
These included the Political League of Health Insur-
ance Associations, the National Political League of
Oil Producers and Dealers, the Japan Political League -
of Licensed Tax Accountants and the League of Liq-
uor Retailere. These ranlc high within the top 25
organizations making coirtrlbutiona.
.
Suspicious Donations - -
These organizatione made contributions to support
certa.in politicians. And we suapect that the organiza-
tiona expect the politicians to do something for them
in return.
For instance, there was diacussion last year over
whether the 3apan Political� League of Licenaed Tax
Accountants made cbntributions to politicians for the
purpose of obtaining their help in revieing the La~v
of Licensed Tax Accountants.
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Ia recent years, sn Increasing numher uf political
- leagues representing people engaged in the same pro-
fession have been aet up. This does not n~~iiy
mean tY,at this developmznt will lesd to political cor-
ruption. However, both the organizationa donating
- funds and the politiciana receiving them should prac�
tice restraint. '
Misuse Of Donation~ ,
Another prnblem is that some politiciane use part
of the donationa for their personal use ~r even to
make fortunea. It moet certainly is wrong for politi-
cians to spend theae ~3onations to go to cabarets or
to buy clothes. Money, spent for personal purpoaes
should come from the politici~.ns` own salaries.
Common people have taxee deducted from all the
money they reaeive and pay for their own partiea.
Politiciana ahould nox anjoy speeial privileges by mis- _
' using money donated for campaigns.
After the Watergate scandal, a' US law made it
obligatory for politicians to disclose the amount of
their aesets. A similar law should be enaeted in
Japan.
The Political Funds Regulation Law comes up for
revision next January, and some Liberal-Democrats -
are urging that the ceiling on the amount of political
donations be raised. This i~ wrong. Japan should hold
down donations by nrganizationa and encourage po-
- litical donations by individuals. ,
( $eptember 11)
- COP'YRIGHT: The Daily Yomiuri 1980
_ CSO : 4120
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MILITARY
WEAKNESSES IN HOKKAIDO DEFENSE CAUSING CQNCERN -
Tokyo SHUKAN SHINCHO in Japanese 7 Aug 80 pp 28-32
[Article; "Early Attairiment of 'Medium-Term Operations Estimate' Is Not
Impoasible, But It Is Unrealistic"]
[Text] "If America aneezes, Japan catches cold." This was eaid to
- epitomize Japan-U.S. relations in the paet. More recently, regarding
ya economic relationa, aneezing on the part of America has no longer caused
Japan to catch cold. But, economic issues aside, Japan-U.S. relations in
other respects have not changed a bit. For eaample, when the United States
broached the sub~ect of an increase in Japan's defense spending, it threw -
the entire Japanese nation into an immediate uproar. Moreover, in addition
to report~d U.S. pressures for bolstering defense funds vis-a-vis Japan's
GNP, the main thrust of the U.S. request r~port~dly lies in "the buildup
of defense power in Hokkaido."
A certain expert in Japan-U.S. affairs points out that "this is indeed a
very serious atate of affairs." He continues: "In fact, it is not the
firat time the United Statea has expresaed misgivings regarding Japan's
weakness in its capability for defense of Hokkaido. The American Govern-
ment has held this notion for some time. But it had kept silent in
consideration of the Japanese Government's position. The Americans knew
it was taboo for an outeide nation to point out Japan's defense conditions
in apecific terma.
"However, t~e II.S. attitude changed abruptly following the overwhelming
victory by conservative forces in Japan's recent 'double election.' The -
debate over Japan's strength, which was considered taboo until then, became
a ma~ority positinn within the nation. The U.S. Government approved of ~
the change within Japan and, shifting ita position, decided to take the _
opportunity to make its desires known. The result has been a renewed re-
quest for an early increase~ from 0.9 percent to 1 percent in Japan's
defense spending vis-a-vis its GNP (Note: actually expediting the plan
by 1 year), as reportedly agreed on by President Carter and the late Prime
Minister Chira, and Japan is now faced with the demand that it strenghten
its weak defenses in Hokkaido."
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Also, the ratio to thp GNY is a ma3or topic carried daily b}� Japanese
newspapers in connection with the problem of Japan's Defer?se Agency budget
for the coming fiscal year. However, for whatever reason, the demand for
"strengthening Hokkaido's defensea" is being treated with indifference by
the newspapers. The only noteworthy article given space by the papers was
a KYODO dispatch from Washington on the 23rd [July] under the caption,
"U.S. shares diacuasions on anti-Soviet defense of ffiaritime tranaportaCion."
Accordir.g to the KYODO dispatch that day, an afficial of the U.S. Defense
Departmant pointed out to the KYODO TSUSHrN correspondent "the poasibility
of a landing in Hokkaido by Soviet forces as a hypothetical invasion of
Japan."
The dispatch said: "Until now, U.S. Government sources had strictly
avoided making any demands on the Japanese Government for a buildup of de-
fen~e strength, or revealing specific details concerning Japan's defense
power, in front of Japanese newsmen. Today, however, a Pentagon official
explained that the reasons for Japan's lack of strength to repel a Soviet
attack on Hokkaido were 'widely circulated,' and pointed to the lack of
stockpiles of ammunition and fuel." tQ'ioted from the KYODO dispatch in
YOMIURI SHIMBUN, 25 July) _
A Washington bureau correspondent of KY0D0 TSUSHIN spoke as follows:
- "Since the contents of the article were deliberated upon at the Japan-U.S.
security treaty meeting held in Tokyo, it may not be news to high officials _
af the Japanese Government or to informed afficers of the Defense Agency.
Nonetheless, deepite its wide circulation, this reporter feels that the
unpreced~nted discvssion of such epecifi.c details by the U.S. official in
front of a reporter makes big news. Whr:n an exclusive interview was re-
quested, it was not only granted but a venue was set up for the interview.
Judging from his attitude, it could be said that the U.S. official spoke
with the Japanese public in mind. If ic had been merely an expression of
a personal view, the official would not have acted so formally. Recently
there have been four or five editorials snd reports concerning Japan's
military strength published in the United States. This clearly indicates
an awareness that Japan's internal allergy toward the defense issue has
softened and the fact that the U.S. Government has changed its position
vis-a-vis Japan."
2,000 Soviet Planes to Japan's 500
Of course,.according to the expert on U.S.-Japan foreign relations _
mentioned before, behind such a shift in the U.S. position lie several
reasons,.aside from the "favorable change" in Japan's political climate.
"One is probably the deterioration of the U.S. economy and a shift in U.S.
world strategy. At present, the ma3or focus of U.S. world strategy is
directed, after all, toward the Mideast. That is, it has divided the
Seventh Fleet in the Pacific Ocean into two groups and sent one group to
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the western Indian Ocean. It has dispatched the Sixth Fleet, stationed in
the Mediterranean Sea, between the Mideast and the Indian Ocean at will.
It is surely America's intention that 'we will defend the Mideast, so you
(Japan and the European nations) should defend the security of the Far
East and Europe.'
"Secondly, if public opinion in Japan is turning hawkish, U.S. public
opinion is also hardc: