JPRS ID: 9425 WEST EUROPE REPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
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• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9425 -
y 4 December 1980 :
Wes~ Euro e Re ort =
- p p
SCIENCE AND TECHNULO~GY
(FOUO 14/80)

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JPRS L/9425
4 December 1980
WEST EURO~E REPORT
~ C~ 1 EI~CE Q~lD T~C~{M~JLOGY
cFOUO 14/ao)
C~isy~~~ 3 ~
ENERGY
'.'irst Pilot Sol~r "ow~r Plant ~2ar.ri~ed
- (ER~lOEL & KOY,LE ERDGAS PE'~RACHEMIE, Aug 80) . . . . . . ~ . . . . 1
INDUSTRI~J, T~ CHNOLOGY
Status, Current Fa+:i of R&D in Manufacturing Systeu~
(Herman J. ~chulte; VDZ-Z, No 15/16~ 1980) 3
BZ'1~f9
Robot Teats, Analyaes 16
SCIENCE POLICY
Governteent Aid To ~ncrease Expores of Selected Industries
(COMITE D'~?RZENTATION POUR LE DEVELOPFEMENT DE 17
INDUSTRIES STRATEGIQUF.S, 18 Jul 80)
EFIM To Invest 450 f4illion Lire in Rnsearch
(IL SOLF-24 URE, 30 Sep 80) 31
_ a_ K� k~ - 151 S&T FOUO]
r. nn n~tR!"~ � ~ � tCi'i ~1M .il
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~
ENEP.GY
FIRST Fi7 ~'T ;?OI.AR POWER ?'LA'~': DESCRIB~D
Aamburg EF`?J~'L 5 KOHLE FRD~
~ 5 F'~TROCHEMIE in G~rman Aug 80 pp 343-3~4
[Textj Und?c� contract irom r_iie Ministry for Research and Technology the
Measerschr;~itt-Boelkow-Bl.ahm Cv Ltd in Munich has developed the first fully
operable pi.lot plant for a ~os.sr thermal power station in Germany. The operating
principle is therm~chemical conversion of solar anergy into usable mechanical or
electrical Energy. The ~un~5 irradiatQd en~rgy is converted by flat collectors
into therwal er.ergy and transported by wate:, which is used as the heat transfer
medium, to the heat exch~ng~~~: of the processing circuit. There a suitable m,edium,
in this casp C1GI.2r4, is va~:-~,.r.ized aL a suitable pressure. In the processing
r~zchin~, an ::xpansion sc:c-ew ;iu~cbine, expansion of the wr~rking gas produces mechanical
energy which is aubsequently c.onverted into electrical energy. The Linde Co in
Cologne is sispplying the mechanical part of the processing circuit.
Table 1: Ter.hnical Data
a
Output l~~Wel
Current ~ 22~V'~
Collector field inlet tempe~ature 88�C -
Collector field outl'et temperature 95�C
~Torking medium CZC12F4
Vaporization pressure 10.5 bar -
Condensation p ressure 3.6 bar
- Cooling Water
Cooling water inlet tamgerature 3'~ .
Cooling water outlet temperature 39�~
Storage Thex~mal : -
35m3 of water
Tiis model solar power station is capable of dalivering 1f1 kW of electrical output ~
to outside consumers. At the same time a3.1 sosrces of consumption, such as pu~ps,
valves and control systemsT are supplied ~th energq. The plant is fully automatic, -
A precise adjuatment unit guarantees that fr~.qa.~ency and voltage are maintained within
normal generating station limits, even at load variations up to 100 percent. After
the necessary development tests the plant was get up for long-term testing with
- the Indian firm Bharat Heavy Electricals I.tds I~dew Delhi, in Madras in South India,
at the Indian Institute of Technology and s~:artQd up.
The 10-kW solar plant will serve principally ae a pilot plant for the inveatigation -
of solar research problems and for the training of personnel tn this new Cechnology.
1 .
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,
Because of the extremely low operating temperature overall efficiency is relatively
ZOW.
Further development is therefore principally directed toward ev~lving mare effective
and coat ef.ficient solar thermal pawer stations by increasing the operating _
temperature.
To do this, the~ma.l energy from solar irradiation must also be obtained at a higher
temperaCure. Ac~ordingly, MBB has developed, am~ng other things, concentrating
collectora of various types for the next generation of solar ~ower stations.
One of them is a paraboloid mirror which concentrates sunlight 200-fold on a
- apherical receiver located at the focal point. The heat transfer medium flows
through the receiver and is heated to 350�C. This t}rpe of coalector is being
installed in 3 100 kWel solar power station currently under construction.
A double-axis tracking mirror, cal.led a heliostat, was developed for power stations
wfth a higher output. A~uitable number of such mirrors concentrates sunlight _
on a receiver which is located on a tower above the mirror f.ield. Here, for
example, steam i.s generated which drives a conventional turbine generator. The
_ N,BB heliostat is being used in a 1-kW pilot power station under a pro~ect sponsored -
by th e EEC and the pertinent m~nistries in Ita1y, Frar~ce and the FRG.
COPYRIGHT: Industrieverlag von Hernhausen KG, Hamburg 1980
9581
CSO: 3102
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INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
STATUS, ~tJF.R~.NT FOCI Oc RF~O IN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
Duessellor.f VDI-Z ir. G~.rma.>~ , the research pragram comprises the testing an~3
functiona.l proof of cuniponE~r~ts and subsystems in models, especially with a pilot
_ pl.ant. This plant, F;~~ur~� consists of high rack storage for the worknieces
and �ot~r ;~x�ocessing cE:nters which are linked together in the flow.of material by
a rack ron[rol device. The facility permits practical testing of the complex
relations;zjps and the res:~:Lts of theoretical studies.
Basic task:: include dPVelupment of various methods of planning with which diverse
technical and organizatio~iai soluti.ons for this new manufacturing structure can
be achieved. EssenCia~ to this is, for example, the design of the flow of
material. With simuiatior. models, in which the spectrum of korkpieces, the
number of ~,rocessing s;:ages and other parameters can be varied, the flow of
- workpieces is copied and the operations in respect to time of the different
- models can be compared. Wi.Ch the results it is possible to determine the utili-
2ation faclor of manufactiiring systems, to provide an enterprise with guidelines
for syfitem design and ~o idE:ntify use limits. With that, the total cost of
different designs can he e~;t_imated and evaluated at the start of the planning
phase.
~
Possible o_her tasks are r.ii~ development and optimization of the required manufac-
turing control and studies on possi~le conveying facilities. Thus, for example,
a linear motor-operated pallet conveyance sy~tem was designed and built as an
- experimental facility. The pallets are driven individually, the drives, however,
- can be coupled and unc~upl~~d, which makes it pcssible to achieve cost-favorable
pallet transport.
3. Computer NumericalLy Controlled [CNC] Measuring Center
To guarantee the quality oF inanufactured workpieces a CNC measuring center,
Figure 3, was developed which can be integrated into th~ flow of material and
information in flexible manufacturing systems. On the basis of. a multicoordi--
nate measuring instrument, which is available on the market, with an attached
procews computer an instiumer~t sysCem was developed which, with the use of a
program system for controlling the measuring center and for processing the mea-
surement data, provides an automatic measuring operation for all lengths on pris-
mstic workpieces.
As H.-J. Warnecke explained in a short lecture, the CNC measuring center, which
is equipped with automatic measuring head changing (similar to the tool changers
- in a processing center) shows economic advantages, especially in complicated
5
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- components which are manufact~.ured in small lots. .~utomation of the measuring
operation contributes to the fact that the measuring results are quickly and
ob~ectively available for corrective meaeure3 which are to bP intr~duced in manu-
facturing.
~ 4. Multiepindle Drilling Machine With Automatic Tool Changing
In the pro~ect sector being handled by the Institute for Machine Tools, aiaong
other things, the concern is with the development of a muitispindle drilling
machine ~ith numeric control_ and automatic tool changing. Multispindle drill-
ing means the simultaneous p~rocessing with axially parallel rotating tools which
are generally ,joined together into a spin3le unit, the multiapindle boring head.
The rate ef f eed is the same for all tools.
= Multispindle drilling has been successfully used in transfer lines for a rather
l~ng time in mass production, particularly in automobile construction. However,
iii smail and medium-scale series manufacturing this procedure is used only here
and th~re, primarily because the multispindle heada are relatively expensive
and the total production costs !aust be apportioned over the number of workpieces
manufactured; this means that the cost share is all thP greater, the ~maller the
number of workpieces produced is. 'Chis led to discusaions about fast, and to
the greatest extEnt possible, numerically controlled convertability of such bor-
ing heads in order to be able to manufaeture various hold patterns with auch a
boring head.
From the point of view of multispindle boring in flexible manufacturing syste~s,
on the one hand this required auromatic conversion to a nec~ boring paCtern, and,
on the other hand, it required low investments for a boring pattern which are
tj.ed to the workpiece. Within the PSB 155, severai boring spindle units which
fulfill these conditions were since designed, developed and in part even built.
Amony, uther things, eccentric spindle heads with two and three spindle eccentric
cams ~;ere b u ilt which can be automatically inserted into the main spindle of a
- processing center.. Thus, the two-spindle eccQntric spindle head permits reduc-
ti.or.s in inachining and idle time of up to about 50 percent and the three-spindle
eccentric spindle head permits reductions up to about 67 percent in contrast to
stngle-spindle processing which is done serially. In this way, there is at the
- same time b etter use of the relatively high machine capacity in the NC processing
c~nters; th e economy of the high-quality and expensive machines is increased.
4~'ith the eccentric s pindle. hsads borings can be made with a pitch between 32 mm
~ and 144 mm. Until now, prior to use, the boring heads must still be set manu-
ally on an optical s etting device which was likewise developed in the SFB. The
operato: receives the s~tting data in the form of a special setting sheet which
contains all the necessary data.
Pased on the princip].e of the eccentric spindle heads a.a~chine was developed,
Fi~Sure 4~ :I1 which the spindle eccentrics are positioned in a numerically con-
tr~!led mann er. Th e machine has two eccentric heads that can be rotated 180 .
Wh3le work is proceeding with the one head, it is possible with the other head
- to undertake automatic tool changing and the new setting of the boring pitches.
For E_:ample, the many small borings for balt holes and similar things can be
done faster with the machine. It is being planned as a supplementary work unit
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iu ~~~ax~t~~1F a~r,uufa~t::~ir:;.; s~~~tc~ ~nd is primarily supposed to relieve the expen-
sive processing centers of these simple drilling tasks and keep them free for com-
plicated manufacturing ope:at;ons. Its use i~ most favorable in connection with
amalier and medium-size3 T:~~~.bers of workpiecea while the rigid multispindle heads,
whici~ w~re mentioned a:: t}~e begin^ing, with their unchangeable hole pattern,
operate eccnomically or;ly ~~hen the number of items is very high and it is actually
better to consider th~c~ f~~~ transfer iines.
5. ~uto:aatic Holding Device
The mora :aexible a maisfacLur~r.g s,y~tem is supposed to be in order to accept
multifor�m workpieces, t.ne n:are difficult the prob].em of holding these pieces be-
cor~es. A, u~ntioned by K. 1'uffentsammer, this means having a highly trained
special crew; to be sure, work at the machine is done with "compromised" pro-
ductiv~ *y, but on the othe~ hand an increased numl~er.;of~~~t~~ox positiana in the
clan:pin~ stations must be providec'. for. One solution to this situation would be
to include in the processin~; station a clamp ing machine which likewise c:an shif t
its clampir.g elements via aumeri.;~al control in such a way thar they provide for
the clamping requirements r.f t'r~e different kinds of workpieces that come along.
Figure 5 stiows such a development; it would p ermit doing away with the now custo-
mary pallet and instead i~ would permit automating the holding device system which
- is now adjustable and is attached, as the cas e may be, to the work unit.
'~y 6. CNC Radial Metal Forming Macnines
While f lexible manufacturing systems with machining processes are already in use
to a c~ertain extent, in most deveiopments to day metal forming processes have
generally l~een off to one side. 'The exiatin g advantages of inetal forming pro-
cesses in respe.ct to saving materia7., saving energy, favorable mechanical pr~-
perties of the workpia~.es ~r short proces~ing times still could not be utilized
, in thes e syatems. At ~re~_~nr, because of these problems, the theoretical and
practical posaibility ~f inciuding tnetal formiag processes in flexibl,e manufac-
turi,ng systems is being studied at the Znstitute for Metal Forming.
An analysia of all me:al formin$ processes showed that basically all unbound
_ metal forming processes and also several "b o und" metal forming proceases with
an approgriate spectrum of parts can be introduced into flexible manufacturing
sysr.ems. 5ome of these processes are, for example, surface rolling, flat-die
- thread rolling, thread graoving and also round moulding. On the basis of the
last-mentioned procesG tl-.e design of the radial metal forming machine was
developed and reali2ed at the Institute ior Metal Forming.
- In this radial metal forming machine, Figure 6, the principle of radial power
i.ntroduction into parts with a definite longitudinal axis was realizeZ. New in .
this connection i~ also the possibility of p rocessing sections of workp~.eces which
are set off in an axially parallel manner. Thus, workpieces having a marked
longitudinal axis are being planned for; in this connection changing cross-
section sizes and shaoes r_an also occur on e lebents which are staggered in an
_ axially parallel manner. In the case of w~rkpieces with a straight axis we are
talking about axles, shafts, spindles or shaft- and pinion-shaped parts.
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. The group of workpieces with axially parallel offaet aections includes crankshaft-
shaped parts and parts with eccEntric sections. Circles and polygons havin.g a
number of corners divisible by 4(processing with four tools) can occur as cross-
sections; in this connection a constant or a steadily changing cross-section size
is permissible.
- The overall plant consists baeically of four construction groups:
- --the central unit with four rams arranged in an X-shape,
--the positioner,
--the process computer, and
--the hydraulic unit as drive components.
- The machine operates with four hydraulic cylinders arranged in an X-pattern with
a constant ram strol:e of 50 mm and a rated power of 500 kilonewtons per ram.
The adjustment for position of stroke (adjustment of the ram zero point) is
accomplished in each case with a spindle gear combination using a d.c. permanenr
- magnetic motor. A manipulator positions the forging between the forging tools.
- The radial metal forming machine contains all the functional system~ necessary
for the automati.c manufacturing of workpieces, ~uch as the drive system, pro-
cessing system, operating system or control system. Opt~mal finishing of the
varioua individual functions to control the radial metal forming machine on
the bas�Is of a~omputer assieted control sysCem, a CNC control, is possible only
with ttie help of a process computer. This computer takes over all functions
_ which can be realized by it, such as conver.ting geometric data to a machine-
oriented system of coordinates, computing the courses of required values nf the
' various positioning control loops, executing programmable control, recording
the process signals present in analogue or digital form, direct digital control
and dr�ive supervision and analysis of breakdowna.
The data necessary for the successful ~inishing of the control programs, in
� respect to the geometry of workblanks and completed parts and the sequence of
- procesaing operations, are ~etermined ir~ the PRORUM program system and taken over
by the process computer, checked and, if need be, txansformed.
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Figure 1. Proiect Sector.s in SFB 155 for "Msnufactuzing Technology" at the
Univeraity of Stuttgart. General Topics and Ta.sk Struc~ures
S~'B 155: Manufacturing Technology: Flexible irlanufacturing Syetems
Pro,ject Sectors
Study or the technical combir_ing relating to organization A
and materia? flow
Construction design an~. cons~ruction B
= Information processing, construction and operation of a
model plant ~
Integration of inetal f orminn pr.ocesses D
i~evelopment Tasks For:
Planning Construction Operation
Planning methods A Machine system BCD Manufacturing planning B
Structural planning A Taol system BCD Manufacturing control A
Implementation RecAr�ciing of contr.ol
planning ABCD Workpiece system BCD and operating data C
Assessment of Transport, storage AC Model plant C
economy AC system
Control system C
_ Measuring, moni_tor-
ing system AC
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- Tab].e 2. Industrial Flexible Manufacturing Systems Abroad
Year Operation
Country Number. Commeaced Kind of Workpieces Procesaed
Japan 15 1973 to 1975 3 rntational, 12 prisnatic
United Stutes 1a 1967 to 1976 - 10 prismatic
GDR S 1971 to 1972 3 rotational, 2 prismatic
Source: ISW Stuttgart
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_ Figure 2. Pi?..ot plant of a flexible manufacturing system to man~.facture prismatic
workpieces on four drilling and milling centers with automatic tool chaining, which
- are linked together via a rack control device.
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f
Figure 3. Numerically controlled multicoordinate measuring instrument with
attached process computer and automatic measuring head change facility.
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Figure 4. Design of a multispindle machine in which different bore patterns

- are represented by numerically ad~ustable boring spindlea.
~ Werk:~upmpuin 1
~ Werk[wpproi}~r 2
Hauptami~rriotor 3
werkzwp~ e
twiuhenmsp~z~f~ pothbni~r~trhy 4
' ~ ex:ene.nv~~,dNkopr 5
Gn,+?d9esc�n?1 e4~ (vNnpkKNiq)
- ~ .~--w~?krtOc+c 6 -
~
- Exzentertpindeikcp~lC
Idnispindlip) \ Konwlv~rktNektirch ~
Vo~ch~b~inMft 9 -
R~nd~chaltti~Ch 8
r
~Ild 4. Konsept einer Mei~npi~elmaachine, b~l der vtneh~dene BohriUier ~wei ~rw~rdeb ein~teil� _
bnre Bohnq{ndt~n dari:fiibu unS.
Key: -
- 1. Tool wagazine
_ 2. Toal holder
3. Primary drive motor
4. Posirioning drive
5. Eccentric spindle head (four-spindle) -
6. Workpiece
7. Workpiece bracket table
8. Turret table
9. Feed unit
10. Eccentric spindle head (three-spindle)
11. Stand
12. Intermediate tool magazine
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060006-6

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060006-6
Figure 5. Des~ign of a freely positionable holding device syatem wit~~ ~?hich -
workpiecea with a complicated geometxy can be held st the atation for procesa~,ng,
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, 2sann~
.I~rtMnt
3
- sn~u� -
.anrnt
4
a�ci~,n,. -
elema?t
BUd S. KWILl~[ ~M MI pl~I~~fbittA S~IIA�
y0f1~C~p~i~ Ol~i ~~t'~Cw ~
~LO/1~ Ci00Nt~ fft ~dV~ Lf ~t
$f~M ~1Yt M~f~M ~[~YMR.
Key:
1. Hydraulic holding cylinder
2. Holding element
3. Support element
4. Determining element
~4
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060006-6

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2407/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060006-6
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
Figure 6. Radial me*_al forming machi,ne with four rams in an X-pattern, used to
process the turning workpiece.
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