JPRS ID: 9428 USSR REPORT POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL AFFAIRS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 31
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 9
• Content Type: REPORTS

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3
Ti 3 3
s''~~~ ~ ~ ~~~r ~ ' ~sys a sae: - ~

r~~~~~~~~ - - - - ~ ~ - ~ ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
F'OR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
JPRS L/9428
4 December 1980
_ China Re ort
p
- POLITOCAI, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILI~ARY AFFAIRS -
- CFOUO 3/80)
FB~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORIV~AYION SERVIC~ _
- FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from f~reign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language -
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and -
other characteristics retained. -
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicatur is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
- given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
- COPYRIGHT LAWS AND REGULATIONS GOVER,VING OWAIERSHIP OF
MATERIALS REPRODUCED HEREIN R~QUIRE THAT DISSEMINATION
- OF THIS PUBLICATION BE RESTRICTED FOR OFFICIAL USE 0~1LY.
I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
= JPRS L/9428
4 December 1980
CH I NA REt 0 RT
- POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
, (FOUO 3/80) _
CONTENTS
INTERNATIONAL AFrAIRS
- France Barbeiri Sees China Aiming Toward 'Radical Decentralization' _
(France Barbeiri; LA STANIPA, 9 Sep 80) 1
Briefs
_ Joint Business Ventures 5
Zhao Ziyang Meets Dietman S
MILITARY ~TD PUBLIC SECURITY
Hebei Province Pilot School Described -
(Giovanni de Briganti; LE MONITEUR DE L'AERONAUTIQUE, Oct 80) 6
~
~
~ -
- d - [ ~II - CC - 80 FOUO]
F~R nFFiCTAI, [ J,SF, nNT.Y
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
FRANCE BARBEIRI SEES CHIIdA AIMING TOWARD 'RADICAL DECENTRALIZATION'
LD111519 Turin LA STAMPA i~~ Italian 9 Sep 80 pp 1-2
[Dispatch by France Barbeiri: "After Hua, Self-Management for a Billion
Ch ines e" ]
[Text] Beijing--Today is the f ourth anniversary of Mao's death. We
have not managed to discover any signs of public commemoration. Com-
petent off icials have given us to understand that no official events
_ were planned. The National People's Congreas will meet today in a
session closed to the pub'lic, but it seems that not even at this session
will there be any commemorative orations. This does not mean that the
great hiatorical leader ia not being mentioned within the gigantic and,
for the first time, lively people's congress. Mao is ofeen invoked
while discussing the amb itious reform of the system. However, the
' reformist plans stem rather than the "great helmsma.n's" errors than
- from his merits. The relationship between the best and worst of Mao _
is still being defined, but the reform being launched at present cer-
tainly cannot go down in history as an elaboration of Maoism, even if
it fails to earn the definition of anti-Maoist.
On Sunday, when G`hai~an Hua Guofeng announced formally the most signi- ~ _
ficanC act of the reform (his resignation from the premiership and
the proposal to transfer it to ~han Ziyang, so as to separate party
from government roles), I was talking in the same great hall of the
people with o ne of the three most prominent protagonists of the great
post-Mao swing. I was received by CCP Vice Chairman Li Xiannian for
an interview which we will publish in a few days ! time . Explaining
to me what was going on in the hall, the representative of both the old
guard and the new course involved experiences with Mao: "At the time
- of the Cultural Revolution Mao refused to heed other people's opinions _
and acted as a patriarch. All power was concentrated in Chairman Mao's
_ hands. Naving learned the lessons of history, we now want to ensure
that this will not happen again, to prevent power from being concentrated
in the hands of a single person! We are, therefore, adopting a system
that separates party and government powers. We want the party to examine
and formu3.ate political guidelines and to leave administrative matters
to the government." He explained why he too is leaving his post as
deputy premier: "A man with many posts has much power, but how much
capacity can he have for responsible work? This is how bureaucracy
_ originates." ~
1
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
I.n accordance with the best parliamentary rules, the new prime minister,
Zhao Ziyang, has set aside 3 days befure presenting his new government
list to the people's congress. We already know the names of the seven -
vice premiers due to leave their posts, and we know that one minister,
the per.roleum industry minister, is to be replaced for serious short-
cominga in his work. It is expected that the seven vice premiers will
be replaced by only three new ones, including the present foreign
minister, Huang Hua, and the new national defense minister (it is not
yet clear whether it will be Yang, chief of staff, or [Chiang], currently
deputy chief of staff, replacing the old marshal [Siyang Chien].
Soma interest surrounds whether or not the minister of inetallurgical -
industry will be replaced, inasmuch as the sudden avalanche of criticisms
of the government from the deputies has fallen largely on his shoulders
(disproportionate investments, excessive bureaucratization with 20 deputy
ministers--and when he tried to ~ustify himself by invoking the
- difficulties left by the Cultural Revolution, he received the following
" rebuttal from a deputy: "The time has come to stop blaming the 'gang of
four` for everything).
Be that as it may, whatever list Zhao presents on Wednesday evening and
whatever happens to all these names, so diff icult to decipher phonetically -
and politicall, it is far from embracing the entire extent of the reform.
Its economic aspects were devised by Zhao himself. He does not conceal
the fact that he de'veloped his ideas during visits Co Europe. First he
carricd out a number of experiments in the provin~e where he was party
secretary, Sichuan--a province oniy in name, since it has 100 million
_ inhab itants. The encouraging results brought him to Bei~ing, as vice
premier reaponsible for the economic sy~tem. And so we come to the
present reform--autonomy f or the enterprises, most of the profits to
be placed at their disposal, production partly determined by the
state plan and partly freely contracted on the market. An economy which
regulates itself according to profits and market rules will either
eventually bring down the so-called state superstructure or be itself -
brought down by it. In his report to the deputies Hua Guofeng explained
~ the nat~ire of the problem exactly: "We must defeut bureaucracy and
. dismiss officials who are committing errors caused by bureaucracy. '
Only by eliminating bureaucracy can socialism become respectable, in
China at least."
_ With this same approach Hua tackled two cen*_ral and in many rPSpects
- unresolved problems of socialism: the separation of state and party
and the shifting of decision-making power from administrative centers
- to production enterprises. As a first step there are plans for the
aeparation of functions starting from the center, Beijing, through the
provin~es and districts and reaching to the people's communes and -
enr.erprises. Hither~o the party secretary was everywhere the absolute
boss at all levels. In the ma~or industrial center of Tachin we met
an official who was at the same time party leader, mayor, manager of
2
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE UNLY
the industr.ial complex and moreover a vice minister of the petroleum
industry. This was, and in fact still is, the style for managing the
country. From now on all functions will have to be separate: the party
provides political inspiration and guidance, the central or local
government administrates and the enterprise produces and manages its
o~an affairs. Reform is a fine F~ord: an entire body of law has to be not
- ~hanged but built from scratch, inasmuch as in many areas of public life
China hus r.o laws. The entire constitution, of Maoist stamp, has to be
amended, and a co~nission has been set up to do this, headed by the
chairman of the people's congress. Then there is the abnormal problem
of "cadres."
For 10 years no study went on in China. Now, for instance, only one-third
of the computers bought abroad work; the rest are left idle because of
the absence of essential specialists. Now 100,000 are needed and in a
few years' time, with the forecast rate of d;velopment, 500,000 will be
needed. And tha schaols are turning them out at a rate of only 2,000 a
year. This was revealed by a deputy during the debate. So: schools,
new cadres and young peopl.e. The problem is not only technical but
subtly political. The grassroors undoubtedly accepts a reform aimed at
actiieving prosperity ar,d more autonomy. The leadership which :Lntroduced
the reform, remedying the 20 years of pararevolutionary chaos nurtured
by Mao and the "gang of four," is composed of old cadres. There is a
dan~er that the deaf walls of an apparatus which feels threatened by
the reform will fall between the leadership and the grassroots. It is
here that the battle will be decided. To demolish this wall Hua has
announced the formation of workers committees in all enterprises "with
the right to decide on all important issues and to choose or dismi~ss
managers," Self-management, in other words. The term is not being used
yet, but this is what is being aimed at. The target seems to be
- impossibly high, a utopia, this being a country of 1 billion possible
future se_lf-managers. But if we examine the issue more carefully,
precisely because it is so vast, perhaps radical decentralization does
- constitute the only solution after all. Otherwise, there would be a
return to the alternative of the reigning "son of heaven."
The future outlined by Hua Guofeng, with all his characteristic modera-
tion, was presented in the guise of a flexible plan in which economic
requireme~ts have not caused politico-social implications to be
overlooked or vice versa. A radical reform has been sought as the answer
to a radical disaster.
The cautious compliments expressed by Brezhnev in Alma-Ata regarding
"the responsible internal processes ta king place in China, which shun
_ Maoist concepts," have prompted no public repercussions. The most they
have prompted in government circles is mirth--as if Brezhnev was implying
, that China is again following the Soviet path as the only possible one
to socialism. I approached an official--a researcher into reform--and
asked him: "Does not the present Chinese reform perhaps have some traits
in common with the reformist plans of Khrushchev and Kosygin, which were
3
FOR OF`FLCIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
- � FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
never realized as such?" I received the following peremptory reply: "In
the USSR the party controls the workers, and we want to achiev~~ the
opposite. Khrushchev and Kosygin failed because of the strong opposition
- from the system's bosses. Why do the Saviet leaders refuse to tell -
the truth about Bokharin, who advocated thorough economic reforms7 They
do not want to change the system. The aim of our reform is the workers'
right to manage. If we have used anyone elae's experience, it is -
- Yugoslav and has nothing to do with Soviet experience. If the Soviets
imply any similarity, they do so because they cannot see the easence,
, or more likely with evil intent, to spread confusion."
In his report Hua Guofeng made no polemical comparisons or contrasts.
He pretended not ro have read Brezhnev's speech. But it was enough for
him to mention Afghanistan and Kampuchea in one sentence to make all -
the Soviet bloc ambassadore ~ump up out of their seats and leave the
- congress platform in close formation.
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Editr. LA STA1~A S.p.A.
i
CSO: 4020 !
4 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
JOINT BUS?NESS VENTURES--Bei~ing, 12 Sep (JIJI Press)--A Japanese business
mission Friday asked Vice Premier Yao Yilin to create a climate that
_ would facilitate foreign interests' joint ventures with China. Yao,
minister in charge of the State Planning Commiasion, replied specific -
terms will be discussed at negotiations on individual ~oint ventures.
Contract terms for joint ventures will be given superiority to China's
domestic law, he added. They met at the Great Hall of the People here -
for about one hour in the morning. The Japanese side als~ expressed -
. hope that Yao will visit Japan. The vice premier said he is too busy
this year to make the visit. The Japanese mission., led by Chairman
Toshiwo Doko of the Japan-China Association on Economy and Trade, left
here for Japan in the afternoon, ending a 4-day visit to this country.
[Text] [UW121553 Tokyo JIJI in English 1440 ~MT 12 Sep 80J
ZHAO ZIYANG MEETS DIETMAN--Be~~ing, 15 Sep (JIJI Press)--Newly-install~.l
Premier Zhao Ziyang Mona_-~ assured a visiting Japanese legislator of
China's policy of further promoting its relationship with Japan. He met
with Yoshimi Furui, chairman of the Suprapartisan Dietmen's League for
Japan-China Friendship and former ~ustice minister, at the Great Ha11
I of. the People. The premier said the two countries have a strong bond of -
~ friendship fostered by the late Premier Zhou Enlai, his predecessor and
' communist party Chairman Hua Guofeng, and Vice Chairman Deng Xiaoping.
"My task," he said, "is to further consolidaCe that relationship."
[Text] [OW161401 Tokyo JIJI in English 1347 GMT 16 Sep 80]
CSO: 4020
5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
MILITARY AIVD PUBLIC SECtTRITY
i
HEBEI PROVINCE PILOT SCHOOL DESCRIBED
- Neuilly LE PTONITEUR DE L'AERONAUTIQUE in French Oct 80 pp 43-53, back cover
[Article by Giovanni de Brigan~i]
[Text] This article is the first in a series of reports on
the Chinese armed forces written following a~trip made by
Giovanni de Briganti last August at the invitation of the
Chinese defense minister. Subsequent articles will be devoted
to the 3$th Air Division, the air force of the Popular Libera-
_ tion Army, and the Chinese aeronautics industry.
The city of Shi~iazhuang, the capital of the province of Hebei, is located
280 kil~meters south of Bei~ing, in a mainly agricultural region. It does not have
a civilian airport, but one of the pilot schools of the Chinese air force, which
I was able to visit last August, is located some 15 kilometers to the northwest
. of the Cown. Na particular effort has been made to camouflage the base, the
entrance of which is located on a main road, over which planes fly ae they take
off. Se~urity seams rather summary, being limited to a wall which is more
symbolic than functional, and two guards armed only with piatols. Touring the
living quartera on the base, one sees only small one-story buildings, where both
permanent per~onnel and the student pilots are housed. With the exception of a
- single ~uilding eontaining classrooms, none of the structures, not euen the
_ control tower, has more than one story.
What immediately strikes the Western visitor, accustomed to the complex facilities
- at European air bases, is the poverty of the infrastructure at the Chinese bases.
In fact, the Shi~iazhuang base-school (like the base at Yangcun, the headquarters
of the 38th Air Division) has no hangars at all, all the planes being covered with
tarpaulins to protect them from the weather, and are parked, insofar as space
permits, in pens protected with earth. This lack of hangars--much leas concrete
shelters--also pertaina to the maintenance facilitiea, very summary moreover.
When work by mechanics is needed, they go to the plane and repair it on the spet,
wherever it is located on the base (runways, parking areas, pens, etc), even when
a ma~or operation such as an engine .~ange is involved. Similarly, one notices
_ the lack of a control tower as we know it: surveillance of the runway and the
' approach patterns is provided by a single man, located at the window of the first
--and only--floor of a building situated immediately ad~acent to the parking area.
The "operations" room, for its part, comes down to four towera aupporting a
6
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
thatched roof sheltering benches, as well as a rack to hold rows of helmets. The
only radar installation is a truck equipped with a radar. shelter ne ar the runway,
~ and aheltered ~y a building open on the two ends alonb ~!ts axis. Nor is there
any real GCA [ground-controlled app roach], except for two radio-~quipped truc.ks
parked near the end of the runway. These trucks moreover constitut e the ba~is of
thN ground-air radio communications, aince the control tower has only one radio aet
ueed by the single controller on duty.
The ba:se has a single runway 2,500 meters long running in a north-south direction,
the tower and parking area being to the west of it, and on either side of them
there is a series of pens which can accommodate 3 or 4 planes each. The poverty
of the infrastructure is matched by an extreme shortage of vehicles. The ma_~ority
of personnel movements depend on bicycles, the planes are towed by trucks, and
- the almost tatal lack of runway equipment (buaes, generators, carts, tank trucks,
~ etc) which always crowd the parking areas of Western air bases is abvious.
The only exception to this lack of infrastructure is two large buildings which
might be hangars located at the eastern end of the base. However no details were
given about their purpose.
Al1 of the airplanes this base-school has are, naturally, Chine~e " copies" of
Soviet models. One sees mainly Type 5 fighters, extrapolated from the MiG-17, in
b~th one-seater and two-seater versions. With r~gard to these planes, let us note
~ that, contrary to what has been reported in the Western press, the Chinese ~io
designate the MiG-17 Type 5, and not Type 4, as some claim. Moreover, some Fong
Shou No 2 bipl.anes (the Chinese designation of the Autonov An-2 Colt) are used for
liaieon missions, parachute drops and light transport. Two of them were parked in
Che pens, while a half-dozen others were lined up about 1,000 meters from the
runway in the eastern area of the base. Finally, this school also has single-
engine piston Type 6 planes, derived from the Soviet Yak-18, for the early training
stages. The planes mentioned in this article will be described in further detail
in the articles devoted to the air force and the Chinese aeronautic industry.
On the day of my visit, only a few An-2 flights took place, while the basic serial
activity involved frequent and consecutive tours of the runwa;~ by two-seater F-5s.
One last remark on the subject of flight uniforms. Contrary to the situation in
the Weat, student pilots do not have a real flight uniforni, only a costume includ-
ing navy-blue uniform trousers and a cloth ,jacket. Nor is there any real helmet,
but rather a headgear of leather reinforced on the upper portion, s imilar to those
uaed by Soviet tank crews. The oxygen masks, for their part, are left in the
planes, and are not assigned to the pilots individually.
The Pilot School
The Shijiazhuang base is the site of a school providing training for fighter
pilots "for attack," that is to say based mainly on air-ground missions.
The school was established in 1949, the year the people's republic was proclaimed,
at this same base, at which a land axmy unit was then stationed. In 1949 and 1950,
the schoei was entrusted with the training of air force technicians, and the
number of student pilots was negligible. Beginning late in 1950, a reorganization
7
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060049-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
of the air force school command made this school responsible for the training of
fighter pilots for attack. P resently, the school directly provides two of the -
three aeronautical training levels through which Chinese pilots pass: base-~level
_ training and advanced ~raining. The middle level, for ita part, is provided by a
achool annex located at a neighboring airport, which is under the jurisdiction of
the general staff of the schoo 1.
Pilots trained at Shi~iazhuang have destroyed 119 enemy aircraft in the course of
the wars in which they have participated. T~,ere are among its fo~er atudents _
nine "heroea," one of whom has become a deputy comanander of the Canton military
region.
The school has a general staf � divided into a general department and a studies
department, as well as support services, and also a political department, headed
by two chief commissioners. From an operational point of view, the school is
_ divided into three school regiments, two ~f which provide middle-level training
anc~ the third advanced training. Each regiment is made up of two brigades. The
students taking intermediary courses are not organized in regiments according to
- the same model, but into classes.
The two middle-level training regiments are stationed at a nearby airport, and
have only a grass runway, where all of the ~ype 6 training aircraft are usually
deployed. All of the Type 5 fightere are assigned to Che advanced training
regiment which is stationed at the main base, where there is, naturally, a paved
runway .
At the present time, the school has 250 to 300 student pilots, as well as 200 to
250 atudents pureuing theoretical studies, making a total o~ 500 studenta on a11
- levels. The permanent p�arsonnel of the school, for its part, tota.ls 800 to 1,000
individuals. -
Where flight equipment is concerned, there are 200 to 270 planes (it is impossible
to obtain an accurate figure), including 100 to 140 Type 6 single-pi_ston engines,
80 to 110 Type 5 fighters (half single-seaters and half 2-seaters) as well as
20-some An-2 single-engine liaison sircraft, However, I only saw some 20 Type 5
planes, mainly 2-seaters.
The Training of Chineae Pilots
The training given aix force p ilots in the People's Liberation Army is entirely
different in form from that of pilots in Western air forces, although there are
some similarities.
The most notable difference has to do with the organization of pilot schools.
- Unlike the case in France, f.or example, where the various air force schools have
horizontai resronsibility, that is to say they provide the totality of one phase
of the training of flight personnel, a11 of the Chinese schools have vertical
responsibility, that is to say fihey train a pilot from his enrollment in the air
force until he is assigned to an operational unit.
There is in each :ailitary region (thera are 1.? of them in China) a pilot school,
each school bein~; responsible for the training oE specialized pilots (attack, _
- 8
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3
FOR OFFICT_AL USE ONLY
pursuit, transport, bomber, etc) accord{ng to a scheme entirely different from
that in Fran~e, where the candidates pursue joint training prior to being assigned
_ to one of the specialization schoals (Tours, Aulnat, Toulouse).
- Candidates in tr.a Chinese pilot schools come generally from the land army, but it
does happen that some come directly from the civilian aector. Between 16 and _
_ 18 years of nge, the candidates have certificates for the second cycle of general -
education. After their initial selection, they take courses at an air force
preparatory school, following which an examination serves to eliminate the least
r~pt, on the basis of academic and physical as well as ideological criteria. This
selection, linked with the vast reservoir from which Che Chinese armed forces can
draw, ensures a choice of candidates with a very high intellzctual and physical
level. The selecti~n process is very stiff, because it allows for the retention
of only 1 percent of th~ candidates at the end of this first phase. -
The candidates who have met the initial selection criteria then pursue a cycle of
- basic military training lasting 6 months, corresponding roughly to the "classes"
puraued by recruits in France. It is only at the end of this cycle that the
candidates are assigned to one or another of the pilot schools as such.
The training provided by the Shijiazhuang school takes 2 years and 4 months, and it !
appears that the ma~ority of the other schools have adopted a similar scheme. The ~
training the student pilots receive is divided into three phases: basic training,
middle-level training and advanced training, representing, in Cninese terminology,
~ basic theory, basic training and attack training. Let us note in passing that
thF:ee three phases are comparable to the training stages for the student pilots at -
Aulnat, Cognac, Tours and Cazaux, in France, that is to say four schools at which
the misaiona, methods and aircraft are very different.
A. Basic Theory
This first phase of pilot training is provided directly at the school and lasts -
4 months, i.e. 490 class hours. It includes no approach to piloting as such, but
is designed rather to familiarize the future pilots with the theory of aviation.
The course includes seven main sub~ects: the laws of aerodynamics, navigation,
firing theory, meteorology, aircraft structure, principles and functioning of
piston and,jet engines, principles of radiocaffinunications and, in addition, para-
chute training. Every student pilot, on completion of this first cycle, is in
- fact a certified parachute jumper, t was able to visit the classrooms at the
_ school in which students were pursuing the courses in this first phase. One notes
first of a11 the extent and the variety of the pedagogical equipment: Practically
every aerodynamic principle, every law of aviation and every piece of equipment is
explained through the use of adapted demonstration equipment. This equipment,
often made by hand, all has moreover the merit of clarity and often ingenuity.
Each of the seven main sub~ects is taught in a special classroom, where the
necessary equipment is available. In addition, some use is made of audiovisual
- methods. In fac~, in the teaching of almost all the aub~ects films linking camera
shots and explanatory diagrams are used; there is in addition a closed-circuit
- televisic~n sygtem with three channels, by means of which some courses can be
- taught simultaneously to several classes. ~
- 9 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 20071Q2/08: CIA-RDP82-OQ850RQ00300060Q09-3
. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY _
_ In addition Lo this technical equipment, physical and ideological training ar~ '
_ af great importance.
_ B. Bayic Training
The gecond training cycle is that during which the studentpilots make their
first flight. It lasts a year and in.cludes 770 course hours, including 150 hours
in the air. This cycle is taught in a school annex located at a neighboring
airport. The aircraft used in this phase is the Type 6 trainer plane, a Chinese
- variation of the Soviet Yak-18.
In the course of this cycle, stress is placed on piloting as such. In addition to
the 150 hours of flight, the student pilots take 287 course hours devoted to the
theory uf piloting. -
The students progress according to the traditional patt~rn: basic pilot training,
= first solo flight, circling the runway, na~vigation, blind flying, night flying and -
finally simple ae robatics.
On an average, the student pilot complete~ 40 percent of the planned flight hours
(60 hours) in solo fli ght.
Far the theoretical courses, bro~d use is made again of demonstration equipment,
and the ma~ority of the courses move into practical e~.ercises during this phase.
Fighter Training
~ ihe third and last phase of fighter pilot training lasts a year, and involves
$S hours of flight in a~et aircraft (TypQ 5), with about 40 percent being solo
f.light , For this phase, the student pilots return to the scho~l, where the
_ facilities and the paved runway allow the use of ~et aircraft.
_ Stress is placed on perfzcting skills, but the students nonetheless have another
= 213 h~urs of theoretical classes to complete.
- The instruction includes six main subjects: formation flying, blind flying and
night flying, navigation, aerobatics, and for the first time, air-to-air combat
and air-to-ground attack. In view of ;.he limited use the Chinese air force makes
- of air-to-air missiles , the maj or part of air combat training has to do with firing
- gims. The pilots as~igned to units equipped with missiles will be trained there.
There is a kind of simulator, more or less homemade, moreover, for air-to-air
target practice. The pilot sits in a mockup of a cockpit which can be maneuvered
on three axes, and "fires" at targets attached to a small scaffolding mounted on
- casters. Another pedagogical apparatus simulates targets by the projection of a _
film on a wal 1.
For air-to-ground attack, weaponry is more varied, and includes rockets and bombs
as well as guns. There is no simulator for this type of mission, and training for
ground attack includes real firing.
10
I I
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL, USE ONLY
- It is amusing to note that the air-to-air comb3t si~nulators use as targets mock-ups
~ of the F-100 Super Saber, or a film showing the maneuvers of a~-29 Stratofortress.
In other worda, vintage aircraft!
In the course of this last phase of their training, the student pilots also take
political courses and general military training courses.
_ On completion of this third cycle, the student pilots take a final examination
including tests in four fields: political education, piloting technique, piloting
= theory and a physical examination. The way in which the candidates have worked is
also taken int.o account, as well as the grades they have earned since enrollment
in the school.
- The student pilots who pass this examination become fighter pilots, and are
immediately assigned to operational units. Let us note that there is no ceremony -
for the presentation of "wings," nor for that matter any "wings," because the
Chinese military wear no symbol of rank or specialty.
Arriving at the unit to which he is first assigned, the Chinese pilot is considered
ready to serve. He does not take any more specialized training in the course of
his first year at the unit, although the some 100 hours of solo flight he had at
tYie school are naturally insuificient. It is then within his unit that th~ new
- ptlot becomes familiar with armed aircraft, if they are not F-Ss. To this end,
the units have some two-seaters and a flight simulator.
_ Generally, a fighter pilot will spend his enCire career within a single unit.
Unlike what happens in other countries, it is in China the units which are
transferred from one base to another, and not the pilots individually. It is
within the unit that the young pilot will make progress and, although there are not
in th~ Chinese air force any rigid pilot classifications (wing man, patrol leader,
etc), pilots are c~rtified for daytime flight, night flight, IFR flight on the
basis of their competence. _
There is a considerable flow back and forth between units and the various schools, _
and it often happens that a pilot is temporarily assigned to a school as an
instructor.
As an alternative to assignment to a combat unit, a young pilot may choose to
- serve as an instructor in the school where he was trained. He then becomes an
assistant inatructor for a year and is then promoted to instructor. It is
doubtless because of this option that the instructors at Shijiazhuang have an _
average of only 300 to 400 hours of flight time to their credit.
Bomber and transport pilots have a training program like that of the fighter
- pilots, with the exception, naturally, of the type of aircraft in which they are
trained. The physical requirements are also different, and while a fighter pilot
must be between 1.65 meters and 1.78 meters tall, this is not the case for pilots
with other specialtiea.

1
Y
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY `
' General Coneiderations _
The preceding pages were drafted on the basis of information supplied by the -
- general staff of t?ie achool at Sh3.iiazhuang, and the personal observationa of the
author. The following remarks are presented separately to avoid any distortion
of "official" information.
Without any doubt, the strangest aspect of the training of Chinese pilota is that
it is provided by a single school, providing the whole of thP training, from the
- preliminary stage to training in armed aircraft. One can hardly see what the
advantages o� this pian might be, except for the rapidity with which a candidate
- proceeds in a little more than 2 years through a11 of the levels between his
enrollment in the air force and his assignment to an operational unit as a pilot
deemed ready for combat. On the other hand, the obviously undesirable aspects in- -
herent in this system are numerous.
First of all, the fact that severai schools in different military regions provide -
. the same training makes a lack of qualitative uniformity among the pilots 3..nevit-
able, which must have an unfavorable effect on the proper functioning of the unit.
Whatever the zigor with which the programs established by the general staff are
implemented, each school will in fact insist on this or that other asp~ct to the -
_ neglect of others which might, on the contrary, seem of primary importance to the
general ataff of another school. The result is, it seems, training which differs
from school to school, which is unlikely to have a beneficial effect on the
- funetional level of the units.
Similarly, one can easily imagine the cost, in terms of construction, equipping and
operations, of this duplication of pilot schools, their installations, their
_ pedagogical infrastructures and their support personnel. And, in addition, if we
remember that in fact all the pilots, whether destined �or pursuit, bomber or
transport service, must in zny case take the same basic training and the same
pre~iminary training which could be provided by a single school, we can see how
coatly this system must be. -
- The system also requires the general staff of the air force to draw off a very -
large number of pilots, both on the level of schools and that of the operational _
units, to supply instructors to the various schools. When we realize how much the
training of a pursuit pilot costs today (in France, there is talk of several
million francs, the exact figure depending on the parameters used for the calcula- _
tion), one can see that here again rationalizati~n is not one of the priority goals
of the Chinese air force.
If these undesirable aspects pertain mainly to infrastructure problems, there are _
others on the level of the quality of the training given the pilot. In fact, the
entire advancement of the studPnt pilot depends on but two types of aircraft, a
single-piston-engine plane and a single-engine jet: there is no intermediary
aircraft (such as the Fouga Magister in France), and the experience of the student
pilot ia limited ~hereby. It is as if in France a student pilot were to proceed
directly from the CAP 10 to the Mystere IVA, without being able to benefit from
experience with the~ Magister in Cognac. The objection will naturally be raised
12
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
= FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- that according to present plans, future French pilots will move directly from the
F.pailon to the Alpha Jet. However, these two French planes were designed as a
function of such a plan, which is not the case with the Yak-18 and the MiG-17.
Mareover, the f~ct that the whole of the training takes place at one single air-
port with unchanging characteristics (same runway circuit, same procedurea, same
weather conditions, etc) doea nothing either to expand the horizons of a student
pilot or to enrich his experience. What will the performance o{ a pilot trained
~xclusively at Shi~iazhuang be, for example, if he is assigned to a MiG-19 unit
stationed in Manchuria or Canton? How much time will it take him to familiarize
- himself not only with his new aircraft, but also with the i~ew weather conditions? -
Fina~lly, it would be well to take into account the fact that when he is assigned to
hie unit, the young Chinese pilot has to his credit only 235 flight hours, in- _
cluding 100 solo hours, and only 35 hours in a single-seater ~et. Beyond any
doubt these totals seem inadequate; and it is doubtful if the supplmentary year
of training in his unit will suffice to fill in this gap. This has to do moreover
nat only with the number of flight hours, but above all the ill-sui~ed aircraft
= in which the flight hours were acquired. -
- Apart from these co~nents of a general nature, I was struck by two more specific
considerations.
On the one hand, the student pilots I saw in training were very skillful, and on
landing, for example, none of the 20 approaches I was able to observe was faulty.
The student pilots see~ed to be in control of their actions, and the touchdowns
wer.e effected in uniformly satisfactory fashion. This is an indication of the -
quality of the training the student pilots receive, but it cannot be denied that
the selection of only 1 percent of the candidates guarantees a general qualitative .
_ level which we could never hope for. -
The second comment has to do w~th the general form training takes. In fact,
despite the specific characteristics of the Chinese system, and despite the un-
deniably old-fashioned equipment and pedagogical equipment, there is an
_ astonishing aimilarity in the nature of the training offered. The sub~ect matter
is baAically the same, with the exception of the political education and the
pgrachute training, and the concept of training, which depends heavily on practical
_ work, ia rather close to the Western concept. Lecture courses, for example, are _
reduced to their simplest expreasion and are replaced wherever possible by practical
. work, training films, actual experience or demonstrations. One can moreover =
imagine the integration of Western pedagogical equipment in the existing infra-
- structure in Chinese pilot schools rather easily.
This shows that despite 30 years of isolation, the training given to Chinese
- pilots has roughly followed the development of Western training, at least in its
general philosophy. -
Camouflage and Decorations
These notes pertain onl~ to those planes I actually saw at Shijiazhuang.
- 13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- Fou Shong No 2(Antonov An-2 Colt). The three An-2s I saw at Shi~iazhuano were all
painted dark green, both on the inner and outer sides of the wings. The propeller
blades were painted a matte black, with yellow tips. A broad, broken white stripe _
was painted on the upper portion of the fuselage. A four-figure code is painted
in white on top of the fin. Two of the three planes had six fuselage markir.gs in
the usual poeitions (two on the underside of the lower wing, two on the outer side
- of the upper wing, and one on each side of the rear of the fuselage), with a red
background and a yellow edging. The third, on the other hand, had markings on a
green background, with the same yellow edging.
- T-6 (Yak-18). The only T-6 I saw at Shi~iazhuang was also painted dark green.
- The inner and lower surfaces of the fuselage were painted a strong sky blue. The
six fuselage markings were red, edged in yellow. The aircraft carried its five- -
figure identification (62649) on the sides of the fin, and the first and last
figures (69) were repeated on the two sides of the cowling. There t~o the codes
were painted in white. -
F-S (MiG-17). The Type 5 fighters, both two-seaters and single-seaters, were all,
- without exception, aluminum painted. They carried a five-figure code on the nose, -
in large red figures, as well as a short "text" in ideograms some 20 centimeters
below the leading edge of each wing. The fuselage markings, again appearing in the
six positions, wzre red edged with yellow. They showed signs of wear, in some
cases extensive. _
The codes. Although no details were provided by the Chinese authorities, the
codes borne by all the aircraft certainly have some significance as to the units
to which the planes are assigned. The F-5s I saw at Shi~iazhuang, for example,
all bore a code in which the first two figures were 63. Depending on whether a
single-seater or a two-seater was concerned, moreover, the third figure was gen-
eraily higher or lower than 5.
, The T-6 carried the code 62, for its part, but on the fin, while the An-2s had
; only a 4-figure code, also painted on the fin.
14
- FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
o m
. a~i ~ c~'d
~ ` - ~ c~ o0
- r~l ~-1 cd
s ~ : ' ~
- a'h + -
T 5- 9 ~
~ , O
''d ~ - 4-I iJ
` y o r-i x
' N t ~ 'i' U
4a' ,My
~ ti ~ ~ ~ ~ : ' 1~-~ � ri
Y i~ ,_4~, . 1-1 N
r I~., x ~ ul H
z ' `J Ol I O
~ 'Lf F~ w -
~ `
~ ~ w
. , t~ '~i 3 ~
r - " ~
~ r S' `j Ol b0 Cd
r ~ .~..r Cl Ca' 1-?
~ ~
r
~~~)~S
~ ~ 'C
~ ~SF'~'.~~ ~Yfi~e''~, 4 ~_4. ~ ~ a~~ ~k ~ ~ 1.)
~ 4 ~
1~y~, rd~~ t R1 V1
s '
.~r'r~~"'i -t}~"'~ ~ s ~ , v ~ ~E 'G
}t ~c F,, T ,~v~i. r / i{ � J~^ U ~ ~1
. .,~t y ~ .
K i u~ sfi ;,~R ' `%i ~
` ~.t_t.~t. J R.," iJ ~
Y
. 3~'~ i
,s s,.- l+'~ U O c~ _
~ d*~`
~ ':~a~~.t,~~~.'' r~
. r1 r ~ ~ au�~r~ ~ ~i ~ ~
~ ~ ,f" ~ Y` . ~ 0 ~1 ~
F�Vi
1 ~y i~ t ~
+ / y ~`~yr~,~ V 6 � : fd Li fA
' ~,,f i ~ , < 4l O N~+
j"~ f. ~ A ~ I~ f, r '~f t :r ~ c0
~s~ ~ir ~A ~ i ~ ~ _
~ d'~ ~5~' ~ O)
i YA~ ~ ~i~ ~ ~ ~III ~ r a N a
~ ? ~~~''0. r. . ~ `~..d'~~`4:~ . ' a ~ f~ _
k 2~, r ~ u
~ `"~'~s~,~,,.., f~ ~ T~~ a a w
~ ~ o
SrK ~ ~
w J~ s"~^~rS j 7~ N
~I
- ~~i~" ( tI~II ~~~~I ! ~'4 r ~ ~I~~1+~R, t ) ,R . 2 ~ N ~
" fi k ~~~-Y ,~~'t ~ ~r,. '-Sr~ : ` 'L7 f-I
~ x. T~ " y~ ~ v} ~ C+' i"-.
~ P
f Z ~ 7~'t 7 ~4'",ty~~'~k~. iM~ ,q . 't ~,i ~ .O
- 1 S ~ ; ~ ` . ~ ~ ~
{ +�i 7 t`~ Fr' ~ i-~ b0 f~
. \ A t ~ ~~f, a s 4 O .~G .C
. +~~r.t1~~~' ~i~~~: ~~~FY~ .C U i-~
r~~ ~ ~x~ ~ ~ ~ a ~v
- .~k.4v,~. ~ . ~ ~ ~ W
;',.:y r'1 Q) ~
f.` ~ ~ ~
a~ ~
G ~ ~
HH,~
15
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
w
0
~ .
0
- G
u
a co
a~ ~
u a
~
~ ~
a~ ~
_ ~ ~
~ c~d
_ u r-I
a
~ ~
~
~
~w
0
b
- a~ v
~ ~ ~
0 0
v
.o a~
x
~ ~
~3 ~
~
~ w _
H
N
.C
i 1~
W
W "d
O q
~ qp cd _
ry'' ~ ~
�~I 'L7
x o
cd U
~ _
�r;q"" ~ u1 i~-~ 1.J
I ~ G
FT+ b0 rl
~rl c0
~ w a
~ I
c~ D ~
N rl F
I1 W
O N
H ~ ~O
16
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Detail view of the nose of a single-
seater F-5. Above the air intake,
~ one can clearly see the mouth of the
camera gun. The weaponry of the F-5
~ includes at 37-millimeter gun (visi-
ble in the photo on the left) and
two 23-millimeter guns on the left
' ' side of the fuselage.
, i.
~ -
. .
~
N 1
u'' ~ I I`r~ ~
~ ~ l
~ i' f' I r~~ ~ p ~~~I I~ d
The two-seater F-5 trainer was extra-
polated by Chinese industry from the
Soviet MiG-17, from which it differs
mainly in the length of the fuselage
~ and the places for two pilots. The
front pilot's canopy opens to the
right, while the rear canopy slides
to the back. It will be noted that
the upper lip of the air intake on
= the two-seater pro~ects, which is not
the case with the single-seater.
. . r~ :r ~ ,+.,,..r4 '~.'r 4" r ~.1y x'~,. '
~S ' '~'s'~~r/~1~ ~ ~lS e ~ S~,~s~~ ~w~ ~ x ~ ti . .
r . . . . . . F'h ld ~ ~ x~~t ~~n
L l ~ ~
~'4 9,~~.~ ~ ~ y-~~ r
~ ~ ~ ~ ~F� ~K' Y~ ~n , ~x~I'J1t Z ~
. Y .,t~..t ht a*i~, ,y .b . .,I
t . _ ~ ~ A
( t 1~~, ~ :h;"~Y[v
~ f - t ~1 ~'a .aY ~E a5 K :~;i
d 5 ~ ~es~, ty~ ~~'~E~ ~ ~
, a.~cl+~,~ i E il i~. ~ r~~.7 A^ 1 i"~ k~
x 4~ ~ r s ~s ~ ~1~.~ 3+
'&is}K ~ ~ a ~ `~i~ t ~ ~ a ~i y ~t:. ~ ~`~~f~ ~
~
;7~; ,!)y ~ ~ 4,~ r ?`Y.pSY / qsc~Y ~ ; ~f . ~y ' d-,vL (~.i
7u ,~}s.~ .N?~7nraYet na.,~;l Yy 1+t; AG x{,~{ ~ ~r.~i; 'r ' ~'f"-~s-~y`~ ta~
afF ~3 ~1; ~r y df +tii( s i~r q iCJ L: ~T fe ~ tt
- ~4; f C ~X~Z X~ y ~ r}+f~~~~;~., t 7~rPty i
d t~ ~~~',y.~,~Frakk c~
}~~iy r~ r~ ~~y
:6 ~,~mse,1~ r 1 ~~a~l~u~~"t~�~~i~ ~ ~ ; y
;'S,'�r+`~~ ~ i
a
, -a r
; ~ . ~ - + . - _
sa�~�
r~
- ,,~,r,.~'~', i'~~~
- - '~r~ - .4.wz~-.'~"
u,.a- ,
.~..~y
:
~i:,
'.T,'ai
a~j'a~ ~
y}~l. ~Y
~4~ I'%~ Yi : ~i~,f,.
. t. p_~ . M ~ Ny~ s~~
~.,y ~ }
j','"W":~. ? ~ . .[h EYS ,
t `'S~.,~ . k k'`` r �~sa . .
7'~aT~,3$~~c i ~ ~ i ~4
~ ~ ~ (~~1~ . ~v::.
~ s ~fi~.~
~ ~ .
,A,,~t ~~~`r Y + ~ Ff~ , ~ ~
rt r ,~Y'f ~ ' Jr
_ .s.. ~ . :
3. . . . . . . _ ~ . y.. _ . ~ , ^~i
17
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL TJSE UNLY
~ ~
1'0~ ~ t Y~ d 3.'_:
1 Y xGb ~ "1
! r" i ~ ~
. ( ~
~ ~'Y~ ,
j _
' ~ ~J -
a : < .i ' ~ ~
1 J k ~ ~
,.t ~ ~
l ~ ~
^
_ ,f 4 . i, Cll ~
~ 'd .C
~;'t ,C', u
i ; , ~
~
. ~ F , 'b J.~~
- ~ ~ .~~ir~.".: - . . ~
~ 1-~
. - . ~
� N ~
~ ~ ~
~ ` 1 ~ O
cd U
~ ~ f. ~ .C
' . . . " i~' t d U
~ ~ , ~ ~ -
l ! ~ ~ U
~
~ ~ a ~ -
. j, r Y:" i-' M'I
~ ~ -
$ t ' ~5~ y~ ~ N ~
' ,f, ~
v ~1 N tb
,t C y~ ~~f ~ i. ~ '[j ~ .0
q{ " cd Gl
; ~ ~r ~~.s, ~fr s . hT ~ t . JJ 41 .L
~ >
Y
, ~ . a,~ �~~~'rgt~ ~y ~ N 1~ -
~ i L ~-^"ri,'_~4t~ r~ t ~rl iJ
' ' ~ ~~w~.4f+1`" i # 'r'~ ~i ~ ~
~ ~ jr r � , r.~; r+~j "r V
~ ~ x r1Y~`'.~~`. ~ ~ M Ff~ ' ~ ~ -
" Y 1 , LA t~ .-1
;r r . , 3 :i; O ~e-I
. r . ar , 'tj~ 5 ~ ~ ~ f
: r ~r~' ~
'
yt' t} ' ~i; 1~ O R1
1 ~ r2 r~ i~ N W
~x,~ Vl GJ
r Y f'~ y~ ~ I 1J
t + 1 i
vS) ~ x v ~1 1"'~ ~
S`` ..7' � w+, r li I Gl 'O
. ~ ~ ~~~~s ~ ~ ~~f~~ ~ ~ ' ~ x ~o
_ ~ ~
is
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
,~y t
_ : ~ ~
, ~w. .
.
_ -'~N ~K .
~ ~
~ .
r
. .
~
~;a, ~
v �
y.n J i
.
. ,M~....o..a. . -
. r ~y,~~y,
~
, ~ _ . ? i:
y � V ~ . . C _
~ ~ t~ ~ ~ ` 'r.,... . ' ~.:.a,. :
, _ ~
; - _
Mechanics working on a two-seater F-5 parked in an isolated area
of the base. One can see the open air brake.
. ; ;
, ~ -
.~.zr,__ -
~JyYi
:ri~
~ ~ ~1~'~K:. !�:-MI~ ~ ` ' R: Y .
Training mock-up of the pilot's cockpit and the instrument panel
in a T-6 (Chinese Yak-18) used fox the first familiarization
clagsea for the student pilots.
19
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
a FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
'
/ - ~Y _
The homemade firing simulator at the school. The "sharpshooter"
sits in the facsimile cockpit, which can be maneuvered on three
_ axes, and "fires" at targets mounted on the mobile scaffolding
vieible at the left.
_
,
e ~
9~ + - Y.~~ 4~: . . A~ \ ~Y,~~/_~ ~
' . . . ~ ~ , ~ '
t ~ ~ [*'Y'
_ ~ ~ � ~ � / t`
~ 4 M?~r, 4
, ~
,~~;f~
/
't..~ y ^ ~ 4 `+r f X~ ~Y' +tt ,
, J = - �~�~'2 ` . ~
~ . ~ . . . ' ~ ~ . ~;a
- The Chineae air bases, or at least those we were able to vieit,
have no hangers. The planea are parked in pens, to which the
- mechanica go to work when needed.
20
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
a~
~ Gb
y ~ .
~
�~+o
00 0o N
G o0
~`~u
x a ro
N O .O
~
_ ~rl fA 'C
�n b0 C1
rl q H
c'~n ?G cd
~
e. ~ I~ cb E~ O
c30 0~0 p~q
~1~~
~ d aG '
3 ~ ~
~w ~
N
N 'U
G! Gl cd `
a ~
H ~ ~
~ U N
O .C
b~i a o
cd �
b0 i~+ O
O O ~
W ~u
o N
a�1i a ~
~
w
~ ~ b
~'d ~ 7
~1 O
w F+
- O 0! d0
a?c~ou
~ aa
21 -
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007102108: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060049-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~ : ~
, ~
~
,
; _ , r'~ ~
. '
_ ,
4 .r ' i
t ~ ~ G
`',:i ~f ~ ~ -
M ~
~ ~j W ~
- ~ ~i9~ ~ ~ . .I ' ~ ~ ~
i ' J
� L~n
a ~,t I.~~ r ~ t V`rl
~ !
4 g.. , F+ fA H
. t ~ 3 vy ~
~ r~i` ' t. s' ~ ~ ,
~ Y d G p n
- +F : ,
~ t~ ~
~ . ~ , 5 . .i �e~~;� ~ ~.1 (n r~
~z , a r a cd ~
~ ~ t, ir ~ 3 _
~ r ~ ' ~ ~4flh ' ~ ~
~Y~~y ~ . . ~ ~ ~ ~
- C ~ . ' t ~ A ~,l~ , ~ rl 41
~kk k~, ~~z~ ro~ . ' ~ 4 ~ R; ~ . , ~ ~
~~~t, ~ 1 , a c~ ~
r . .j. ~ a ~ . , ' ` , ~ ~ ~
~~~~yK~$ rf� tz ~ L ~ : , ~ v ~
i ~a"a~''}~.t_ t^; 7 'j' ~ry ar'. ^~~I ' ~ O
A^~~.. y~~ S 'i ~ ~
~'C.i.iz', ~r 'F` ~R4 ~ 9Nk~,~ , . ~ ~ . ~1 ~ 1-~
~u ' ''d ~ ~~'.~is'~ .'~r�~A~t ~ , ~ ~~~t: ' -,I ' fd W -
,7~ i~~~'.. ~ ' -i:~: 1` 4 z,~ ~ ~:`"'~l k~ i ~ . ~ ~ ~ S ~ t I ~
~ D~' ~ i~' s ~}i' _ ti t / ~y ~ r ,C O
~``~t ~ . ~ t ~ ~,t1` ' ~ ~rl ~ LI
'f ~ ~ Y-~ ~ S~'''? t~ ( .0
- i ,a i-
~.i iM ~ :C ! , , . ~ ~ Q~+
=s, a cn
y. S~ ~ - ~i ~ 0 ~
- ~
- 2 j y J-1 tn 41
- ~ . .C
tl~ N ~
; N -
cd -
: . ~ ~ ~
'4 . . . . ~ W M+
~ ,Y r-~ M
~ ~f ~ 1'~"~ ~
~r t a,,::i~ &,d~ + C7
t r[.i~ a w' 0
~ H y~! rl
1`
1'~3 ~ +f y'a~ F ~ ~ ~ i~
r' ~ ~ ~ ~ V
e~' ti :l'~ ~ Cl .C L."
;~,~~..,,Y: 1~,~ U] C-~
O
_ $ .-1 _
c~'d ~
d 3 .a
22
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300064409-3
= FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
+~x:'~ .
li
yal'a-.t::... .;'Fv'in , . - '
r~, ..~Si':.~ .
~ ~:^p;i:~i:. a~: ~li
_ d ~ ~ . ~ ~ .
~ l~} ~~i
_ 5 .
A~Y+?~~Md~k"C~~ y~ ~ .1''
d
~11fFS 4'H~ .
~ 7 ~s . Rr 1
~4,r~1,
`RY.~~ f�.'. t 7.~1 }~Cry-~~ "n yB~7~.
'~:e ~.w.,,. , . ~
- Partial view of the aerial activity in the Shijiazhuang
parking area.
~ ~~~_~~~i '~4''e F~~:~ ~t ~A+~ C.F'~ti~ ~ ~ d k 0 r.,~ ~ J~ .~iR rx
~ y ab~~'~` ~ ~~j~~~` ~~"'''s~~~~Pvt~4~ ~�a4~ ~ g n u"~. > ` A~~~
r
~T . . _s -
_ _
~y . . . ~y. . ~ . .
rY M ~ ~ .
y. { ".hur . ~~~+~i"~
'~r...~ `
.
, " . :
^~i'{r`.~~....r~...~..~~~ ^ . . : . . _
- ~ f:. ~~...~,._'~.a~ . .
~ . ~ _
~
~ . . . . . : r. .
~ � .r._ ~.w
"~'+~n. " ~ .
~ ~ . ~
' ~a~ ' ' � ,
j~ ++c~. '
-
- , _'�~;.;,,.r~_...~-.-!.w~-~-." : ei ' ' ~
. ,r.
. ~ ~ . , . .
F
- � . ' .
4 i . . . ~ ' . . , . . . " . ~ "!y~ .
The Type 6 training plane, the Chinese veraion of the
Yak-1~, differs from the Soviet plane in the fin, en-
gine and cowling, as well as the greater part of its
equipment.
24 -
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY -
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040300060009-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
' ^ ' '`~~'r ;
~;,1~~
`i~ ~~,~�~a
_ f t:!
.
rr,. . ,
n.~., r.i
c~
4~
I ~ir" ~'f
av
c~ G
cd -
~ bD
O tA
, . ~ r-i
O O
, ~ O. i.l
- r' ~ rl fn
i " t.;,. r } : ~ ~ R1
1 { ~ I ;;S ~ ~
, -fi~',y ~ ~w, ~ V
^ W V Q~y)
I:.~x~~~ y a'~ iw
'r i~~ ~ ~ ~
. ~ L/. . ~ ~
~ ' ~ ~a,- ~ U 1.~
7~~~~y ~ ~ ~ ~
V~R~~~ N~ J -
1 kl~ ~ .
w"i~L'.'. Y... sr, f1) I~1
~ ~
~ ~ V1
~ ~rl iJ
cd W ~rl
- ,
' ~ ~ ~
- ~ O 'C .C
~ ~ ~ ~ y 3 -
' U O
~ N ~
p ~ 'L7
~ N N
_ r'~ 4 ~ ,r,~ r, ~y
- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'Y~ -
:^-,r' j ~ Q~ 1"'~
`~f' . ~
4; G 'U H
r �rl G1 c0
a , . ,
` '~?r~~ ij ~ R! q
f~~:r3'', j? "d ~ O
r
' ~ 3-+ ~ a~.~
N O c0
~ i+' t, j cd N~+
~ GJ .C O
. ~ m a
~ I' ~ N
; s ~,i
t ~ 3 ~
A f ` �
�.:~~'J` } t l~I4IJ ~~r 1"1
- 1r M+
~
~ ~
~ ~
~ ~ ~
W ~ ~
~
~ V ~
' ZJ
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
-
~
~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
- .t E , ~
, ~
~i~, ' c i - ~ ~ r~:.
:~~Ff r.:~' E 2 y a 3$~i f 1 i. ,
~ E ry' F + t .S s~ ,~y
~{r r ~ iVZ.~r .'+~w ~ ~ ~ .y 1'~P ~K _
. ~ ~~f' . t Y w
}i
a.,,trw~ ~ y x~t +~r: q y .
J.S' ~ 'qy~.` ~ it~ .1' ~ i.
� f~'~ -
~S ~ a ~>i.: A
+~t~ ~t% ~ 'i ~"c .
' ~ t , ~
~ f< < 1'`~ ~i ; ~
~n~ f~ y t 1~ , ~ ~ ~
~ r - ~i F' .
~ r 1; '~G i tt, ~ ~
~
r~.y r.. . '~z ~ t; ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~
. r y z '~,:~y;; ~ l~ s' O! ~ ,r,~ _
^ ~ ~'X ~ i ~ ~ �7 w r~
a r
I~ } ( } ~ N ~ u .
~ ; ' O G1 O
_ ! OJ TJ
~ ~
` ~
~ ~ s f ~ . -
~
; ~ o a ~

- , ~ . ~ ~
F' t.. > ~ , b a ~
' y ~a~iv
, cd ~I ,C
r-I D ~
`j~ ~ ` ~ ~ ~
F ~ ~ 41 ~

- ~ i~1 ,L," i-~
.-t l - ; ~ ~ 'I~, 1J iJ
- ~ ' 7 ; Cl (A
~~k ~ "'R} ~ ' t +w . ~ ~ ~
r h
w.~.`~: Y~ ` r ,J r j t ~ ':j . f ' H },i ~
t`.~~,C'~~ ~~~s ~ u~r~- ir ".3 ~~'~'N It Tnl ~ Ol W '
~c t
~ ~ '~fi C{~ Q~
ti~s yJ l.. Md8'~f~""'i~'~ ~'j ~ I f w.~ 'rl U1 1.1
..,cn. ar� .y,~x7~ab'r~m Ft ~
N~ ~r *v ~ ? � ,y~>~e'r~.ni'~~ ~ ~ 1 ; ; ~q 1~ N ~ ~I '
'r; ~.~r~=.r~cs+`"'a. v'..,~�F ~ ~"~z~3 { ' , t ' v~ H aJ c0
4 J".~s "ri"#F~'a pY t E~' % y ~ ~ s . .r + J~ W w~
~ 1 YG ~}T 4J! l V' 3 ~h.l ~~{:~~i
L' ~ ~ ~t . ~ W
i `4` ,eL ~9 s~,~ v.re a . ~D M
c ~~�rN~~f Z~ ~ ~ ,~vx: 'L7 1~ -
p4 ~y ~a ~:1:~,,,,9`-~ ej' ~?'f~.~a k'.. ~ t+~d~~~ ~'y~,.~ < 1 _
d'i ~'~a ~ . ~l i~.J { �f' ~
i~: ~t~ s ~ ~ !i j a. ~.e. a ~�r ^
~J i
~Rc~. i~ ~~,~~'fr . > f~, t u.v~ 71 ~
tr. ?x-`G~ j ft,~-1~.~'{x ~ t- �i~~ d~rM w~~. r~ `rl M'1
~ �,~+.+`~a. '~.r~ r
~1 , ''~-~,~s� f a~~` ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r H VJ u~-~
f'~'~ 4",~;~Y e.v~x,~, ~i ~ ia
~ . ; ~ .~r � t- rjc ~ Cl G)
i ^b ea ~ ~
.
~A
A
C'' N
Gl tA w
s:yy, > I GJ O
r t ~ G1 p
~ ~~r , r oD .t'. U
, `t f A U t0
,;~i~...t s
f ~.x~` .'y;y`fcz; rl 4-I
, ~~r~Yj;'i fA Q)
4 l ~ L-~ W
- 26
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY ~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300064409-3
FOR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
' ~
m
TJ U
c0 ~G
~ ~ ~
- . ~
?
; cd 8
~ ~
~ ` ~ w
I O
. ~
� ~ � b0 ~
R. 1~J
. ~ ~
, ,x~ . ~ ro
v
3 a
y'. . ~
- ~ p
~ ' 't ` , d) F+
N 04
, cU ..~1 G
,L1 u O
, ~
b0 uI
` ~ tr
~ ~
_ ~ ~
N OD
cd q G
. �rl H �rl
~ �n G
. . . . _ ~ : ~ _ . ~ ,rl
~ , ~ ro
cn ~d 3-i
~ ~
~ ~ ~O ro
- ~ ~
~~a
+ x": , = ~ ~ w
r ~ t' . ro '--i
. , d i x ' : r C7 1J N
' ~ ~ `,5~ ; ~ ~ ' i~+ cd i-+
. . I . . ; y ~`Ti. 4 Ir,j~.i~ ~ ' � y ctS O) RS
t ~~F w G N
- 'S r~ r~ ~ . y~ ~,y~ ~ ~ . b0 l!1
. ' 4'~'~~Y~'~ ~ ~~E, f i,i,~ a4.ry~*Y +'Mr~ (/1 ~
. - . . . ~~t'r � v ~ Y, ;7�~~f ~ ' ~ ~
- . ~ i~'' a"~'`~,~ t - - ~ .y+ ~ ~
. ~~,.?'i ~ a'}.~. ` . ~-7 JJ
r
. ,3 CS~
t w ~x d~i, a,~ C.3~ OA ul
p w ~,-I
't ~t`1 i s. r` h ~:t< . aJ w N
. fi ^ ' .
~ ~ a*1 j t e~ ~ y~,~ ~ a
~ ' ~ak.x'~h :t!~-. ~ t. F,~ ~ ~ ~ ~
;!fx +n { 1' 'L N U~-I N
~ ~t` ~ o a ~d
~
~
~ ~ f , .
~
Ir t;~}~ ~ I l i * . 7 N~+
c ~.~4". .t, � ~a~,'~ r ~ Y` ~ . ~ ~r-I L+ ~
.~,,~F'~ St . ~)d�y~~, ~ JJ ro
h ,t r y!
r . x ~ { ~ . q r-I cd f~.
r ~ ~ t s`~!y ' Cd ~ a)
. . t , i � . ~ (A 3-~
N r 1 ; ~ ro
.~.t~: :i~ t k' ~i~ ~ ~ . d r {y `1'~ . . . Q~r~ ~ a
- {v' J~.' ~ ~ .:1 ~ 5 ~ A ~ }f l . ' Fw+~ ~
y~5 ` 1 f ~ ~l W ~
s.., i` ~ _ _ . . t.`~`i ~S ~ i. ~'~i
~ ~'~t'z~:. ,r'~!+~.�'~� ..i ! . Sc . t .r....~{:7~. k-~` T. i..,`~.,t.. ~ C.7 +3.~ �rl
COPYRIGHT: DEFENSE Editions
- 5157
CSO: 4200 END
27
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060009-3