JPRS ID: 9456 WORLDWIDE REPORT NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300060037-2
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• Document Page Count: 87
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 37
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9456
22 December 1980
Worldwide Report
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
(FOUO 53/80)
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9456
22 December 1980
WORLDWIDE REPORT
NARCOTICS AND DANGEROUS DRUGS
(FOUO 53/80)
CONTENTS
ASIA
AUSTRALIA
New Victoria Drug Law Draws Sharp Opposition
(TiiE AGE, 23 Oct 80; 7HE SYDNEY MOINING HERALD, 24 Oct 80)......
1
Criminologis t's Views
Editorial Criti cism
Crime Links Msputed
Penalties 'Encourage Market'
Conference Hears Criticism of New Drug Law
(Various sources, 23 Oct 80)
4
Senator Baume's Remarks
Additianal Views
Stolz Critique
Lettuce Extract on Sale, Gives 'Opium High'
(ZHE COURIER-MAIL, 23 Oct 80)
7
Youth Alleges He Was Used in Irbrpfiine Sale
(TiE WEST AUSTRALIAN, 24, 25 Oct 80)
8
1'rial Testimony
Guilty Verdict
Zambaglione Tried to B ribe Police, Court Told
, (TiE AGE, 30 Oct 80)) ..............................o.o........
10
~ Briefs
~ Ban on Pharmaceuticals
i
i Heroin for Cancer
i Auto Searches Questioned
_ i - a -
~
~
Cl1D AV=/'T A T T iCF l1N7 V
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New Drug Squad 11
Antismuggling Actions 12
BURMA
Briefs
Taimggyi fleroin Seizure 13
Imprisonment for Possessin.g Opium 13
Heroin Seizure in Tamu 13
Police Arrest Opium Users 13
Rehab ili ta t ion Cen ter 13
Rangoon R,ehabilitation Center 14
Iiemin Seized in Yedashe . 14
HONG KONG
Progress, Problems in Antinarcotics Battle Reported
(SOU7ii CSINA MfJRNING POST, 14-16 Nov 80) 15
Cooperatian From Public
Illegal Immigrant Addicts
Effect of Social Pressures '
Long-Sought Drug Smuggler Arrested, Sentenced
(SOUIH QiINA NOiiNING POST, 18 Nov 80) 17
Use of Soft Drugs Among Young Women Increasing
(Halima Guterres; SOUTH CHINA MOMING POST, 24 Nov 80)......... 18
Briefs
Drug Ra.id Statistics 20
Drug Abuse Workshops 20
ihai National Sentenced 20
Teacher Sentenced 20
Hexoin Seizure 20
MALAYSL.`i.
B-riefs
WIiO Pro3ection Unacce~ tab?-e 21
Fund Request 21
Heroin Sentence 21
Rehab3litaLian Centers 21
Drug Arrests 21
NEW ZEALAND
MP Cxiticizes Drug Misuse Bill as Ineffective
(THE EVENING POST, 20 Nov 80) 22
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I
;
! Briefs
Books an Drugs
23
! Heroin Possession Conviction
23
' Hem in Importation Verdicts
23
! Prison Farm Drugs
~
23
i SINGAPORE
,
~ Capital Punishment Has Deterrent Effect on Trafficking
~ (THE WOItKIP1G PEOPLE' S DAILY, 2 Nov 80) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
24
- CANADA
Legislato r Sentenced to Seven Years in Drug Case
' (Z8E GLOBE AND MAIL, 13 Nov 80)........... ~
25
Study Finds Current Marihuana Laws No Deterrent to Use
(THE GIABE AND MAIL, 12 Nov 80)
26
Bia To Di.spose of Drugs Suggested fo-z Airport
' (Zuhair Kashmeri; TiE GLOBE AND MAIL, WEIIZEND EDITION,
15 Nov 80)
28
~ LATIN AMERICA
- QiILE
i
Briefs
Drug Traffickers Arrested
29
~ COLOMBIA
Murdered Judge Was Investigating Cocaine Case
(Juan Jose Hoyos; EL TIEIIPO, 12 Oct 80)... o........... o a....
30
BZaws Agains t Drug Trafficking Reported .
(Various sources, v,arious dates) .................o............
33
Traffickers in Medellin Clinic, by Alba Lia Medina
M,arihuana, Vehicles, We.apans Seize.d, by Jacquelin Ibnado
Marihuana, Aircraft Seized
Cocaine, Marihuana Rsids
i F-2 Success Record
' 'Jimmbo 747' Pills, Traffickers Seized
(EL TIEMPO, 1 Oct 80)
38
~ Traffickers' Aircraft DestroyE.l
(Jacquelin Ibnado; EL TIEMPO, 30 Sep 80)
39
Cocaine Labs Discovered in Poyaca
(Rau]. Ospina; EL TIEMPO, 12 Oct 80)
40
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Alleged Guerrillas Steal Drugs
(EL TIEMPCI, 12 Oct 80)
41
MEXICO
Internatianal Drug Control Efforts Discussed
(EL SOL IIE MERI00, 27 Oct 80) .........................o.....
42
Marihuana Traffickers Released After Appeal
(EL MANANA, 23, 30 Oct 80; EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO,
- 26 oct 80)
50
Qiarges Denied
T,ack of Evidence Claimed
Traffickers Freed
CTM: Unemployment Adds to Drug Addiction
(METROPOLI de EL DIA, 20 Oct 80)
53
PFC Seizes Marihuana Trailer Near Puebla
(EXCELSIOR, 24 Oct e30)
54
Briefs
, Marihuana Incinerated
55
Wanted Trafficker Caught
55
Chihuahua Plantations Destmyed
55
PANAMA
Briefs
Drug Trafficker's Arrest 57
Arrest of Narcotics Trafficker 57
URUGUAY
We 11-known. Drug, Amphetamines Trafficker Arrested
(EL PAIS, 1.8 Sep 80) ........................a.........o..... 58
- NEAR EAST AND NOR7H AFRICA
IRAN
Results of Khorasan Anti-Addiction Campaign Reviewed
(JAVANAN-*E EMRUZ, 27 Oct 80) 60
ISRAEL
Briefs
lieroin Seized 65
Turkish fleroin 65
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a
WEST EUROPE
FINLAND
Police Rsport Increased Drug Abuse Among Youth
(Margita Andergdrd; HUFVIJD6TAD6BLADET, 26 Oct 80) 66
GREE(E
Upsurge in Heroin Peddling Reported
_ (Ilias Malatos; EPIKAIRA, 6-12 Nov 80).......................... 73
SWE DEN
- Stoclcholm Court Sentences Members of Thai Heroin Gang
(Clases von Hofsten; SVENSKA DAGBLAIET, 11 Oct 80) 76
B riefs
Amphetamine Factory Raided
Drugs Gang's Couriers Arrested
Police Seize Hexnin
Heroin Smugglers Sentenced
Mild Heroi-n Trafficking Sentence
UNITED KINGDOM
Briefs
Caanabis Seized
78
78
78
79
79
80
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AUSTRALIA
\ELJ VICTORIA DRUG I.AW DRAWS SHARP OPPOSITION
Criminologist's Views
19
Melbourne THE AGE in English 23 Oct 80 p 14
['cext )
`'ew penalties for possession
of marijuana being considered
by the State Government are
draconian and disptoportion-
ate. sccording to a leading
rriminaiogist.
The assistant dir+ectoT of the
Australian Insti[ute of Criminolo-
gy, Dr David Biles, said yesterday
it had been shuwn in other coun-
tries that harsh penalties had
little impact on drug use.
Dr Bi!es said he found it as-
tonishing that on one hand the
repnrt found that 5.7 per cent
ot children aged between 11 and
in used marijuana aod on the
uther recommended penalties of
two years' jail or a $5000 fine or
both for possession of the drug.
'I'he maximum penelty for the
nussession of mari;uana should be
$20, he said. Dr Biles was com-
menting on a report of the inter-
departmertai Horking party on
the drug problem in Victona
which was tabled in Parliament
by the Premier, Mr Hamer, on
Tuesdnv. \�ir Namei� said he
u�anced to incmdur,e the new laws
as snon as possible.
br Biles said ir x%-as also vvom-
ing that a child who handed a
person a qi:anrty of marijuana
could face 10 years jail and or
a g51i04i fine ii it w�as fuund thai
he or F-iie uas gu+lh� of craffick-
ing.
The reporE also recommended
that he penalcy for the prepara-
tion. cultivation, cale or traHidc-
ing o( heroin or cocaine should
increase to 25 years' jail or a
$200,000 fine or both. The present
penalty is IS years' jail or a fine
of $100,000 or hoth. "T �x�o>>'�d
have thought that 15 years was
ample," Dr Biles said. ^he aver-
a5e time a person serves for mur-
der in Victoria is 12 to 13 years "
Dr giles said there was a ten-
dency among middle-aged people
to betieve that che use oE mart-
juana wouid lead to hard drug
abuse. The rePort had failr,d to
d'+stinguish between soft and hard
drugs. "Certainly 99.9 per ceM
of the people who take herom
have tned mariiuana." he ;aid.
"But 99.9 per cent ot oeoole on
metho onee drank m'.Ik. It's the
same logic."
The State Opposition mkes-
man on heatth matters. *Rr Rooer.
said yes[erday that drug penal�
ties were increased greatly fout
yearc ago but since then drug
use had gmwn by 400 peT teM.
'fhe executive direc'or af the
Victorian Foundation on Atcoho-
li:m and Drug DePendence. Mr
Robert Bames, yesterday wel-
comed the report but said that
for legisiation to be ePfective the
potice and che courts wouid have
to co-operate. He said che penal-
ties gave the iudiciary the capa-
cicv to provide a real deterrent
out added that peon]e caaght
xith small amoun'ts at` srrarifuana
"should not be cruci'Aed".
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Editorial Criticism
;felbourne THE AGE in English 23 Oct 80 p 13
[};ditorial: "On the Drugs Treadmill"]
[ Tex t) 7N announcing new measures to counter drug
1 abuse, the State Government has locked
itself even more firmly into the prohibitive,
punitive approa:-a of tougher law enforcement
and har5her penalties. This is .r,ot surprising. It
satisfies popular anxiety and indignation, and
it persuades politicians and public that,
something aseful is being done. It is easier to
legislate than to ask why people turn to
- harmful drugs, and much less disconcerting
than to confront the answers such an inquiry
might produce. There is depressingly little
evidence, however, that the tough law arid
order approach does much to solve the problem;
' on the contrary, there is evidence to suggest
that it aggravates it. But the legislators and
enforcers remain undeterred. In Australia the
pattern seems to be following that of the
United States: tough laws and high penalties,
greatec criminal organisation and police
corruption, a wider spread of drug abuse,
followed by tougher laws and higher penalties,
and so on until the problem becomes
increasingly entrenched and intractable.
The Government's latest proposats fall into
two categories, one dealing with illegal drugs
and the other with prescription drugs. Tl:ey
may be considered separately. The maximum
penalty for trafficking in dangerous narcotics
such as heroin and cocaine is to be increased
from 15 years' imprisonment and/or a $100,000
fine to 25 years' imprisonment andlor a
$200,000 fine. The penaltieg for possession are
also greatly increased. The rationale for these
2
higher Qenaities, other than to bring them into
line with those in New South Wales, is not
explained. Perhaps they are intended to
frighten off potential couriers and distributors.
But deterrence depends more on certainty of
detection and conviction than on the threat of
dire punishment. The Commonwealth Royal
Commissioner into drugs, Mr Justice Williams,
observed: "It is a far greater deterrent that
nine traffickers go to jail for five years each
than that one is sentenced to jail for life". He
aIso noted that the present approach of
punishing drug dealers severely while showing
relative leniency towards users was not logical,
"because nearly all users are traffickers, albeit
on a minor scale". Most heroin addicts can
feed their habit only by seiling to others, or
by resorting to crime or prostitution. More
effective law enforcement can, in fact,
compound the problem, by raising the prlce of
supplies and forcing addicts to push or steal
or solicit all the more.
The Government plans to simplify the
offence of traffickin& &c, in, cannabis
(marijuana) by fixing a single maximum
penalty of IO years' imprisonment and/or a
$50,000 fine, regardless of the type or potency
of the cannabis product. Even this penalty is
out of alt proportion to the known and supposed
harmful effects of using cannabis, especially
when compared with the enormous social costs
of alcohol abuse. The introduction of a similar
penalty specificially for the cultivation of a
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Crime Links Disputed
Sydney THE SYDNEI' 'eIORNING HERAI.D in English 24 Oct 80 p 11
t )
Claims about drug uae in Aos-
tralia causing crime havR bceb
grossiy exaggerated, socording to
a criminoiogist, Dr Grauet Ward�
law.
Dr R'srdlaw, a reaearcher wftfi the
Autd'sdan Institute of Crimitalogy,
told ihe Canterra conference tyt
evidence sugvested that most mncotica
adficls had beee involved in crhmhnl
actlvity beForx their Add+cUoo.
The conclusioo was largely baoed oe
American data, he sa1d, but t6ere were
indicattons that the posttlon wu
simi(ar in Australisa eociety.
Studies fa the psst 20 yms had
tound increating per"Mtassea of dtuq
wers .vith pre-druq criminal recork.
It appeared that before 1450 mod
drug oftendera were oon-crimfnal be-
fore addkNoo. Now the revem was
true.
One Auvtrslian rhtdq had tound that
mtionalty 37 per ant of caee"
offenders and 46.89 per cent of =6
cotla ofienders had aiminal reeoe+ds
befon thek Srst drng convkUoa.
1-6e ezteat o[ crimimllty waa
greater for tbe users of addktive,
expemive drugs fhau for taooabis
users.
'Y6b fe not to deny t6et eome
nnlmown proportjon of ueera are
forced by the econoaiica of p[ohibidon
polky to commit crimee to provide
income for dro8 Purchera," Dr
Wardlow said.
'Howevcr, the data 6dkslen that in
the Australlan coatext claim9 abont
drug ose cauiag crime 6ave bcen
gnmly essggerated:'
Repocta frequeat:Y sIPeared ln tf!e
medls su8gestiag that dnrg users were
e+esQons[bie tor mnny crimes of
rlolence, Dr Wardbw so1d.
But with the e:ception o! robbery
most sindtes 6sd shown that devg uaers
-.�:.o not likely to commlt crimes
NMI the pasm
Penalties 'Encourage riarket'
, Sydney THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD in English 24 Oct 80 p 11
jTe:{t] Higher peilalties for drug trafficking and greater efficiency in law
enforcement tend to encourage rather than discourage the creation of illicit
- drug markets, an economist told the conference.
Dr Paul Luey, a lecturer in ecanomics at the University of New England, said
that not only had the criminal law prohibition not suppressed the trade, it had
created an environment for illicit production and trafficking.
"Consumers cannot be controlled
tutally by the application of the
lew." he said.
"An individual's demand fot an
;Iiicit drug tal�es account of the
risk ot apprehension and atl the con-
sequences that go with committing
a criminal offence.
"He might want the druB so badly
that thc price is no object, that he
would give up his ot6er wants and
he wo-ild steal to afford iL"
As penalties increased aIId law-
enforcement aBencies became more
efficient, vafficl�ets would itaprove
their distribution networic and de-
CSO: 5300
vise new methods of Vanspordn8
dru8e�
Prohibitioo brought abont addi-
tional problemi associated wiih druB
use, snd had created a taz havep
for illidt auppliets,
'Thae are ao payroll and income
taxes, no sales and excise taxes and
no Customa duties, Dr Luey said.
As an aiteroative to prohibition
I?r Luey eugBesced control, rathec
than suppression, of drugs.
"Economists would recommend
a consumption taz as a means of
controlling activiry rela6ng to con-
sumption," he said.
3
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AUSTRALIA
CONFERENCE HEARS CRITICISM OF NEw` DRUG LAW
Senator Baume's Remarks
Melbourne THE AGE in English 23 Oct 80 p 14
[Text] Canberra--Heavy legal sanctions agaiiist drugs were an extreme option in
salving drug abuse, Senator Baume (Lib.), said yesterday.
Senator Baume, chairman of the Senate standing committee on social welfare, told
a"c.L~ug trade and drug use conference that the poor standard of debate about
drug use in Australia had itself contributed to the level of drug taking. The
debate about drugs had brought forward to extreme views: total permission for
drugs and "heavy legal sanctions for breaking a strict prohibition."
Senaror Baume was speaking the day after the Victorian Government announced new
fine:, and jail terms for trafficking in hard drugs. He said we should ask our-
selves why policy making was so difficult in all areas "except those which deal
- with the drugs about which we know and understand least.
"We are big on heroin and hash policy; we are weak on policy to deal with the
legal drugs, as if being legal was in itself complete justificiation for
laissez faire policies," he said.
"All people use drugs, and blanket moral protestations against their use are often
hypocritcal and almost never constructive. Senator Baume was only in favor of
government intervention where private actions were clearly harmful to others.
"I support the right of the smoker in full possession of the facts to kill him-
self and of the State to offset the inevitable public costs with high excise--
excise not for the revenue but to offset the public costs of smoking," he said.
[as published]
Additional Views
- Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 23 Oct 80 p 40
[Excerpt] The Commonwealth Health Department's senior medical adviser on alco-
hol and drugs, Dr L. Drew, told the conference that the fact that drug policy
development in Australia was less advanced than could be desired should be no
cause for surprise.
4
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He said: "There is universal confusion concerning drug policies.
"There is no overall, well defined, rationally based poli,~y and programme."
Dr Drew said that litt le was known about the patterns of drug use, the value of
that use to individuals and the economic profit.
~ "In the absence of such an information base, communi.ty goals and government
policy must predominantly reflect intuition, emotion and prejudice," he said.
"So far as harm is conc erned it has been traditional to place the blame firmly
on drugs, their availab ility and their pharmacology.
"In many cases drug use has been equated with drug problems.
"The evidence available...indicates that this is far from the truth."
Mr Pierre Stolz, of the Australian Foundation on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence,
told the conference that all of the inquiries into drugs so far held in Australia
had failed to study the many social control systems operating on drugs.
"This is a case where specialisation out of context can lead us astray," he said.
The terms of reference of the royal commission, into drugs had forshadowed its
results because it addressed itself only to the question of illegal drugs and
those legal drugs of dependence that entered the illegal market, he said.
The failure to broaden the inquiry to include other drugs and the failure to
probe the philosophy, lzistory and socioeconomic aspects of the cause and effect
of dependence and tratf icking had provided a document of limited use.
It did not help to establish an Australian strategy for the control of drug use
and abuse.
5
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Stolz Critique
Hrisbane I'Hf: COUItIER-AtAIL in English 23 Oct 80 p 11
ITt!Xt I
CANBERRA. - All Auatralion drtig inquiriet kad failed
to study the rnany socicl co
ntrol systems operating on
drugs, c conference on drugs wos told hore yesterday.
Nir Pierre Stolz oi the Australian
D
mand and enough corcuPtion in law
enforcement and poiitlcal cfrcles.
rug
Foundation on Alcoholism and
Dependence safd the Australian RoYal
"With the end of the Vietnam war
Commission into drugs foreshadowed
there was a consequent closing of a
its results as ic addressed itseU only to
very profitable marlut - Australia be-
"
t he question pf I1Jega1 drugs and leQal
he
came the taxget OL dm6 spndicates,
drugs of dependence which entered the
said.
ftlc;al market.
ose was only to make rec-
ur
"�The
~
Prohlbiting the import of drugs 8ave
the traifickers preterentiel treatment
p
p
- an exclusive markek
ommendations for adequace lan�s and
" he said
i
~
Mr Stolz said: "The more the trai-
"
,
ces;
enforcement serv
laa
Isw enforce-
fickers ate pur$ued by
Mr Stola said the failure to inquire
ment groupa the more sophisticated
irito oLher drugs and probe the philoso-
their operations will be.lMoney wiA buy
pky. history and socio-economic
the technology, the WoralerB inside
aspecta ot the cause Qnd effect of de-
the 2aR enforcement groups and even
pendence and tratficking resulted in a
the poliWctans,
report ot limited use.
"Any suggestlon of manufacturing
7t did not heip establish an Austru-
and retalling the product in Australia
]ian strategy for the control of drug
will be resisted. As long as the coxnmu-
nity advocstes prohlbition, the traili-
use and abuse.
cker will remain in bustness:"
Mr Stolz sald the core of the prob-
~Ir Stolz said the risk a community
]em ~~'as not the illegal distribut[on of
~k in making more drugs availa.ble
drugs, nor was more effecti~�e enforce-
could be only marginal in terms of in-
ment o! crlminal sanctions the solu-
cressing ocerail Con$utnpLion.
tion.
"I believe that the community would
-'fhis is an lmpossible task in Aus-
reach a saturation point for lack of de-
traiia where much of our coast is un-
guarded. Our so-called drug problem
mand," he said.
~,If I had to choose between the msr-
does nut warranc the expenditure this
keting skills of the government, Rhich
a�ould require;' he sald.
would have these lllicit drugs under
Mr Sco1z said Australia had the basic
strlct control in a legalised sy-ste:n and
the marketing skills of the traffickers,
requirements tor illicit� drug trade: the
marLet requirements of supply and de-
I would choose the govemment:'
i
CSO: 5300
6
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AUSTRALIA
LI:TTUCE EXTRACT ON SALF., GIVES 'OPIiJM HIGH'
_ lsr:i;;bane 1'HL COLIRIER-KA7L in English 23 Oct 80 p 26
� [TextJ
ADELAIDE. - A lettuce-based ex-
tract which can be sniffed ar
smoked is on sale in Adelaide as gn
aiternative to Indian Hemp . $Lnd
Hashish.
The substance is sAeged to have an eifect
similar to a mild opiiun "high" but noE to
rontravene any state or lederat laws. But bota,nist contacted yxsterds,y aaid 'the
ctaims were do4tbtful and police aaid they
wcre lwking into the matter.
The substance, called Lettuce Opfuzn,
n�ent an sale about a week ago at 11 shopa,
It is being diatributed by Herba-Iiigh of
Parkholme, South Atistralia, and costs $7.50
icr 1.5 grams.
iierba-High manager, Mr Brad Stafford,
said yesterday South AustraUa was the first
atate whera the subatance had been sold. It
probablq a�ould go on sale in Victoria and
Neiv South Wales on 5aturday.
He said about 240 packets had been sold
to "all sorGs of people" in Adelaide. "2 be-
lieve it is an ideal product Sor when you
want to smoke aoclally with people but
don't want to break the law," he said
The amount in a pncket was erough for
' five good emokes" using a spedsl plpe or
"a couple" of rolted jo:nLs. It would be ss
"strong" as commerclal -grade haahfsh, but
affected the bodp differently to create an
"opium high effect."
Asked about the prlce ln relation to the
amount sold, he asid; "Wliat other product
can you buy that gets you stoned fpr =7,50p
_ .1 deal of grass ia going to cost you at lesst
$30 and a block o1 hasbish Lhe same size
' Would be about that price."
The botan'�st said the substance was un-
ilkely to have the descr`.bed eftect. "If it
was srnoked, I'd 6e surprised that it would
~ have any effect at all," he asid. "It's prob-
ably psychologicsl." .
CSO: 5300
7
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AUSTRALIA
YOUTH ALLEGES HE WAS USED IN MORPHINE SALE
Trial Testimony
Perth THE WEST .AUSTRALIAN in English 24 Oct 80 p 25
- (T'ext) A man enlisted a 17-year-old boy to help sell
50 grams of morphine at the Entertainment Centre car-park
in June, it was alleged in the Supreme Court yesterday.
The boy involved--Michael John Dewsbury, of Walcott Street, Mt Lawley--told the
jury that he had concealed the two packets of morphine in his boots while the man
waited nearby.
Mr J. R. McKechnie, for the crown, said that Michael Cain Howlett (25), silver-
smith, now of Waterloo Crescent, East Perth, formerly of Leighton, had been
watchinG Dewsbury attempt to make the sale to two men.
Howlett has pleaded not guilty of two counts of supplying a quantity of morphine
to another at Leighton on June M this year.
~ Information
~ Mr McKechnie said that detectives had received information about the alleged
transaction in the Entertainment Centre car park. While they were arresting
Dewsbury they had noticed the accused watching nearby.
Dewsbury was placed on probation in the Supreme Court last month for intent to
sell or supply heroin.
Detectives told the court yesterday that Dewsbury had named Howlett as his
supplier.
They had arrested Howlett at his Leighton home where, they alieged he confessed.
Dewsbury said he had arranged with Howlett to sell the morphine, which at the
time they thought was heroin, for $8000. He was to receive $500 for his part in
the transaction.
Howlett alleged in court that he was beaten and tortured by detectives and forced
to make a false confession.
8
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After being stripped naked and having a wet towel held over his face he was
frightened, he said, and when told to make a statement he had been willing to
write out anything the detectives told him to.
Bodyguard
HowZett said he knew nothing about the morphine but said that Dewsbury came to
his house that night and offered him $100 to act as a bodyguard during wttae he
thought was to be a cannabis transaction.
Earlier Dewsbury told the court that he had previously set up drug transactions
- before. He had used heroin 15 or 20 times before his arrest.
He arranged on the night of the arrest to sell heroin to two men, he said. He
went to Howlett's home to pick up the drugs and returned with Howlett to the
Entertainment Centre to make the transaction.
The trial will continue today.
Guilty Verdict
Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 25 Oct 80 p 7
[Excerpts] There was no evidence that a man had been
I corrupting a 17-year-old boy who he allegedly used to
complete a drug transaction, a defence lawyer said
; yesterday.
Mr J. Eller was speaking in the Supreme Court yesterday in mitigation for Michael
_ Cain Howlett (25), who had just been found guilty of two counts of supplying
- morphine. [as published]
Mr Eller said that the evidence showed the boy who allegedly made the transaction
' for Howlett had experience in the drug scene, while Howlett did not.
Mr Eller said that the boy, Michael John Dewsbury, of Walcott Street, Mt Lawley
had admitted making similar transactions before and to having used heroin 15 or
20 times prior to his arrest.
The jury yesterday took three hours to find Howlett, silversmith, now of Waterloo
Crescent, East Perth, formerly of Leighton, guilty of supplying 50 grams of mor-
phine to another person at Leighton on June 20 this year.
It was alleged during the trial that Howlett had sent Dewsbury to the Entertain-
- ment Centre with a sample of the drug for a prospective buyer. .
i
; The crown alleged that Howlett and Dewsbury had later returned to the centre with
the rest of the 50 grams wrapped in two chocolate wrappers.
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AUSTRALIA
7.AMBAGLIONE TRIED TO BRIBE POLICE, COURT TOLD
- ^felbourne THE AGE in English 30 Oct 80 p 3
[ Excerp t ] A man alleaedly involved in
a heroin conspiracy had
offered to give two drug
squad police $50,000 each if
ehey substituted milk sugar
for heroin, the Criminal
Courc was told yesterday.
Detective Senior Constable
Brian .lames Nankervis, of che
drug bureau, said the o8er wat
made to him and another officer
by An;onio Lampa-alione. He said
Mr lampaglione 1I50 offered to
help him find 73 kilos of heroin
iiiddrn in a S>'dney warehouse,
i( he got bail.
Mr Vankervis was giving evi-
dence at the rrial of Mr 'Lampag[i-
one and four others who have
pleade.d not guilty to charges in-
volving cunspiracy to import pro-
hibited goods and possession of
prohibited goods.
Mr Nankervis said he was tn
a:i unmarked police car on 30
October last year when he inter-
cepred a Falcon with Mr Zanipag-
lione, his brother, Salvatore, and
iVlr David Jewell in ic, in the car
park oi the 5afeway store at Sea-
ford.
He said two bags containing
t�eroin were fci;nd under th-e car
and a further zight packets of
CSO: 5300
10
heroin were found in N[r Zam-
parlione's house at Frankston
later that day. Mr Nankervis said
the Seaford raid followed informa-
tion given to the police.
Mr Nankervis said he inter-
viewed Mr Zampaglione, who
maintained his innocence and
denied any knowiedge of the
white powder in the piastic bags,
Mr Zampaglione had allegedly
said that the first time he had
seen the bags of powder was
when he was shown them by
police at the Frankscon palice
station that night. Mr Nankervis
said that after Mr Zampaglione
slgned a record of the interview,
"we had a coviversation where n
deal was discussed".
~~{e;suggeated tq ma that the
was a , '~.ooo,,nd7
heroin., ~
that I could kee4 the heroin, and
he would have a vehicle pull up
outside the Frankston police
Station in 10 minutes with that
amount of moneY in it;' Mr Nan-
kervis i s
what do I have to ~ d'o eto Ret
that; and he said, 'all you've
got to do is swap the heroin for
milk sugar'. He said ih hac# been
done before. I asked hitn who
had done it bePore, and he said,
'the nares':'
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AUSTRALIA
' BRIEFS
BA1J ON PHARMACh'UTICALS--Western Australia has become the first State to adopt new
legislation banning the public from having direct access to Schedule Three drugs
in pharmacies. Preparations such as cold and cough medicines, insulin, inhalers
and packs of codeine must be sold under the supervision of pharmacy staff. They
, must not be displayed on supermarket-style shelves. In addition, three drugs
formerly bought freely over the counter now must be signed for by customers. These
are butyl nitrite, a sex stiaulant, amyl nitrite, used by angina suffers, and the
, sedative chloral hydrate. The legislation was recommended by the National Health
and Research Cuuncil. [Text] (Canberra THE AUSTRA_LIAN in English 23 Oct 80 p 21
HEROIN FOR CANCER--The Federal and State Govertments were taking steps to legal-
isethe use of heroin for people dying of cancer, the New South Wales Minister for
. Health, Mr Stewart, said yesterday. He told State Parliament that the proposed
legislation would allow the use of heroin in an injectabl e form for patients in
five big teaching hospitals in NSW. The hospitals would be Westmead, Royal North
~ Shore, Prince of Wales, Royal Newcastle and Royal Prince Alfred. The heads of the
~ cancer department in each would be the only people able t o order the treatment.
The director of the section which treats cancer by radiat ion at Westmead Hospital,
Professor Allan Langlands, said the reintroduction of heroin would be "highly
desirable." Medical use of heroin was banned in Australia in 1956. Mr Stewart
said other hospitals had asked him to consider giving them permission to use the
drug. [F.xcerpts] [Melbourne THE AGE in English 24 Oct 80 p 31
AUTO SEARCHES QUESTIONED--The State Opposition has received reports of police in
the North searching cars for drugs, the ALP spokesman on police matters, Mr T.H.
Jones (Collie), has said. In the Legislative Assembly on Wednesday, Mr Jones
asked the Minister for Police, Mr Hassell, if the reports were true. Mr Hassell
said he was not aware of such searches. Outside Parliament Mr Jones said he was
not happy with Mr Hassell's answer and would be investigating the reports. He
would ask more questions in Parliament, possibly next week. [Text] [Perth
~ THE WEST AUSTRALIAN in English 24 Oct 80 p 291
, NEW DRUG SQUAD--A pennanent drug squad would be established in north Queensland,
the Police Commissioner, Mr Terry Lewis, said yesterday. Police Department offi-
cials said that initially the squad would be only two men, but it was likely to
be expanded later. The establishment of the squad coinc ides with the Cransfer
; to Cairns in December of the head of the Metropolitan Criminal Investigation
~ Branch, Det. Supt. Tong Murphy. When Det. Supt Murphy's transfer was announced
~
11
.
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earlier this month, it was suggested that the Police Department would use his
investigative and organisational skill to set up a drug-fighting squad in the
I far north. Until now, drug matters in north Queensland have been handled by
detectives attached to CIB stations in the north. For drug raids and major
offences, Brisbane drug squad officers have flown to the north. The Brisbane
drug squad has had several undercover detectives working in the north.
[Excerpts] [Brisbane THE COURIER-MAIL in English 28 Oct 80 p 31
ANTISMUGGLING ACTIONS-- Canberra: The Customs Bureau has advertised for staff
to help form a new intelligence unit to crack down on smuggling. The unit will
combine thP intelligence-gathering sections of several customs areas into a single
operation. Ti1e bureau is also to get a new computer to coordinate its activities.
It will replace the three now in service. A senior customs official said yester-
day that the new computer, for which tenders had been called, could be expected to
cost about $10 mia.lion. The latest Comnonwealth Gazette carries notices for exper-
ienced intelligeuce staff to run the new unit. Salaries range irom $26,572 for
the unit's Canberra--based director to between $24,900 and $20,724 for heads of
State offices. The official said that the unit would make full use of the expert
staff within the Customs Department. The advertisements were to "see what is in
the market place." The areas from which applications could probably be expected
would include the armed services and the Australian Security Intelligence Organi-
sation. The unit is the first major initiative to come out of the recommendations
of the Williams royal commission into drugs. [Text] [Perth THE WEST AUSTRALIAN
in English 28 Oct 80 p 21]
CSO: 5300
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BURMA
' BRIEFS
TAUNGGYI HEROIN SEIZURE--A narcotic drug suppression team of the Shan SCate Peo-
ple's Police Force, acting on a tipoff, waited on the junction of Zawtika and
Nyaungbin Streets and searched Daw Linle Myint of Thirimingala Street in Taunggyi
on 31 October. The team found a package of heroin, worth 8,000 kyats, hidden in
a basket. A search of Daw Linle Myint's residence yielded a penicillin bottle
' containing heroin, which was hidden under a pillow of her son-in-law Aik Yone
Sein, and 1 kg of heroin, worth 90,000 kyats, hidden in a cupboard. It was ad-
mitted that the heroin was sold by driver Maung Than Tun, alias Maung Pu, and
Aik Aung of the Timber Board. They, along with Duw I.inle Myint and Aik Yone
Sein, were arrested and charged under sections 6.B, 73, 10.B and 14.D of the
Narcotics Drugs Law. [Rangoon BOTATAUNG in Bursnese 5 Nov 80 p 6 BKJ
IMPRISONMENT FOR POSSESSING OPIUM--The Yesagyo Township People's Court on 31 Octo-
ber sentenced Kyaw Hlaing and Bo Ye of Gaunggwe village, Myingydn township, to
5 years imprisonment with hard labor after they were found guilty as charged
under Section 63 of the Narcotic Drugs Law. Kyaw Hlaing and Bo Ye were arrested
with a small amount of opium and some opium smoking equipment by a police force
near Pakangyi village, Kesagyo township. [Rangoon LOKTHA PYEITHU NEZIN in
Burmese 8 Nov 80 p S BK]
HEROIN SEIZURE IN TAMU--On 8 October, people's councilors of Zaydan ward in
Tamu, Sagaing Division, and police personnel searched Ma Kyin No,20,of ward No 3
and found a penicillin bottle containing 2 gms of heroin and an empty penicillin
bottle with traces of heroin. Ma Kyin No was charged under Sections 63 and 103
of the Narcotic Drugs Law. [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 14 Nov 80 p 6 BK]
i POLICE ARREST OPIUM USERS-On 8 November, a police squad from Chatthin raided
, Kaingma village and arrested six persons who were smoking opium. Opium smoking
~ paraphenalia and 40 ticals [1 tical equals about 0.36 pounds] of opium were seized
from them. A similar police raid on Kotaungbo village netted a small amount of
j opium. Seven persons smoking opium were also arrested. [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN
in Burmese 14 Nov 80 p 6 BKJ
1
~
~ REHABILITATION CENTER--A vocational training school, which is part of the rehabil-
itation program for drug addicts, was inaugurated in Keng Tung on 12 November.
j Present at the ceremony were Shan State party and council officials and the repre-
' senative of the United Nations Narcotics Control program. [Rangoon BOTATAUNG in
~ Burmese 17 Nov 80 p 4 BKJ
13
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RANG00N REHABILITATION CENTER-- A ceremony to inaugurate a rehabilitation and
training center for drug addicts was held at 1000 today in the compound of the
Rangoon Psychiatric Hospital. Deputy Minister of Labor and Social Welfare
U Yau Khan Thang officiared at the c eremony and gave a speech." [ExcerpC]
[Rangoon Domestic Service in Burmese 1330 GMT 18 Nov 80 BK]
HEROIN SEIZED IN YEDASHE--Yedashe, 12 Nov--Upon receiving information from a �
person that heroin deals are being made at the residence of Ko Chit Tin in ,
ward No 3 of Yedashe, a police squad from Yedashe city police force with _
Inspector U Saw Lwin, :egion-in-charge Lance Corporal Aung Khin and Lance
Corporal Than Htay, on 9 November searched Ko Chit Tin's residence and found
1.6 kg of heroin worth more than 100,000 kyat hidden in 2bottles. Ko Chit
- Tin was arrested and charged under Sections 63, 103 and 11 of the Narcotics
Drugs Law. [Text] [Rangoon MYANMA ALIN in Burmese 16 Nov 80 p 6 BK]
CSO: 5300
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HONG KONG
PROGRESS, PROBLEMS IN ANTINARCOTICS BATTLE RE PORTED
Cooperation From Ptiblic
Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORIVING POST in English 14 Nov 80 p 14
/Text/ � Hongkong is one of the few placa in the
world to achievc substantial success in com-
bating thc narcotics problem.
And the secret Iies in the co-operation
between the public and the Government, the
chairman of the preventive education and
publicity sub-committee of the Action Com-
mittce Against Narcotics. Mr Kar1 StumpF,
told a press conkrence yesterday.�
"The anti-narcotics campaigns succeeded
in getting community participation and in-
volvement - which is the reason the problem
is put under control," he said.
A three-week campaign, to be launched
tomorrow in the Yaumati Distcict, costing
$120,000 and involving community leaders,
thousands of residents and various Govern-
ment departments is "a visible proof and
demunstration," he said.
"The answer to drup abuse lies not so
much in medication, but m the building up of
a person's own resources to becoma resistant
�to drug abuse," he said.
And an ever increasing emphasis on pri-
mary prevention and early intervention is
needed to educate and to bring awareness to
the public about the "public health problem."
Stumpf said available actrvines and
alteMrrnative involvements are important in
combating thc proolem.
"Moro than 20 years of working in this
rield have convinced me quite firmly that
drug abuse will diminish as other more satis-
fying means of fulfilling essential human
neods bocome available.
"Much of these human deficiencies can be
met if we succad in mobilising the hidden
and Iatent resources of our various communi-
ties; " he said.
Government figures show that of the
35,000-odd drug addicts in Hongkong, only
fourpe r cent are under the age of 21.
Ttx number of young addicts is also
dropping considerably.
Illegal Immigrant Addicts
Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST in English 15 Nov 80 p 10
/Text/ Hongkong'c overcrowd-
ed living environment
could turn immigrants
from China to druga, the
consultant of the Hong-
kong Christian Servicc,
Mr - Karl Stumpf, warned
yesterday.
He said that the vast in�
tlux of people, mostly from
smaill towns or rural areas of
Gusngdong, has produced a
population whose `treditional
ways of lile sharpl cantrast
with the urbanised, Wester-
nisod mode of living prevail-
ing in Hongkong.
"Those who cannot adjust
readilq~ id t6'e` nrban;:'ovei-.
croadea oonditiors may cena
to seek fomm oF escape of
which drug-taking is just oae.
"Addictinn, tLe ultiaute
:tag,e of the desire for im-
mediate gratification of
aanta, tbrives in an atmoc-
phere of unoertaiaty And
presrvre for quick returns."
Mr Stumpf said density of'
PoPulation tends to ereate a
aocial cnviroameat which
rvith its vibradng mess of hu-
manity around, aeems to pre-
vcnt ratha then w faater a
genuine tensa of social rc-
qxmu'bilitY� `
At tbe stme time, be oaid,
15
~it puts a premium on leisure
activities which are quiet,
talce up litde apace and do not
diaturb neiQ6boura.
Mr Stumpf said the pooryr
sACtian of thepopulation may
be misled ta belicve that
drng-taking ia a cheap and
effective leisure activity.
"It sams to provide the
easiest form of escape from
the pessures of populaton,
rapid c6ange and unartainty
after one has faad them
t6roughoutthe day."
Ne said large families
found it difEicult to provide
outkts for their children.
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"More important stiil is
the inability of the senior
members of the family to in-
struct the young generation in
the proper adaptation to a
aituaqon which they do not
themselva understand.
"In oWer words, the ex-
perience of the last genera-
tion is of less and less value in
helping the present genera-
tion to adjust to the ever
changing environment.
"Hongkong therefore still
faas the vital task of building
a oommunity frrnn an amor-
phouspopulauon."
Mr Stumpf said that in
whatever direction we look to
find the answers to this most
compticated and complex so-
cial dtsease, the fact remaias
that narcotic addiction is a
major hazard to the person
who beoomas an addict and a
burden - if not a danger -
to his oommunity.
Mr Stumpf said drug tuk-
ing frequently begins � in
adolescencx and dwindles out
in the late 40s.
"One cannot overlook the
fact t6at the eddiction period
oovers a man's most ective
sexualXears.
"It u artain that the ad- ~
dict's life das not include
normai sexuality. . and that
the addict avoids situations
which involve sexuality, social
responsiWity and genuine
humaa [el4tfonship" he said.
The seminar Social As-
pects af. Drug Addictiao;
orgaiosad by, the Council of
Social Servias, is part ot the
woria xeOcn oipn;sacon
Training Coucse on the treat-
mont and rehabiiitation of
drug dependent people.
An.other speaker. Mr
James Ch'ien, said the ro-
lapse rau of drug addicts is
umveroally lugb - d'ten ifl
Effect of Social Pressures
the rogion of 90 per cxnt =
aad u applicable iti Hong-
kon~owevet, while most pa-
dents rclapae, some' remain
abstinent and the causa of
this variation could very weil
hold the socrets of improving
the art of treatment, he said.
Also spealdng in the umi-
-nar yesterday was the social
services aecretary , of the
Salvation Army, Vajor Glen
Gilden. '
He said "drup tleveloped
to treat addicts seem always
to reault in atather drug
addiction. Sometimes metha-
doae aeems as addictive as the
initial dnig."
He pointod out that the
most damagin� effoct of drug
addiction is ' the hearteche,
the waste of money, the aaste
of lives, the numerous almost
invisible other sufferings
among friends 'and family
members of the addict."
Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST in English 16 Nov 80 p 18
/Text7
It is not enough to cLt
off the supply of narcot-
ics, we must also seek to
reduce the market for
drugs by, preventing our
young people from re-
sorting to them, said the
Chief Justice Sir Denys
Roberts yesterday.
Sit. Denys was spealong
at the opemng ceremony of
the Yaumad District Antr
Narcotic Campaign at
Kowlaon Park.
He said that people be-
come drug addicts for a vari-
ety of reasons, such as poor
education, an unhappy [amily
life, an unsatisfactory onvi-
ronment, the pressures � and
frustrations of crowdod urban
life and weakness of personal�
itv.
, "As long as these factors
eaist in our society, as they
may be expocted W continue
to do, those who fail to stand
up to them are likely to be
tempted to take druga, w6icd
appear to offer a temporary
means of Gvcape from the
harsh reaNties of Iife," he
said.
Sir Denys also noted that
per cxnt las year. "The tiguces suggest that
Hongkong's fight against
drug traft'icl6ng and ebuse
had achieved considereble
sucass both within the Gov-
ernment and oubide irt the
past years:
He said that there was a
s6arp drop in the number of
people convicted of minor
drug of(enas in the courts
From a bigh of�16.200 in 1974
to 3,600 last year 'and the
perantsge of prisoners oon-
victed of drug offences feU
from 27per cent in 1976 to 18
we may ctaim, with some
contidence, that Hongkong's
drug problem bas ban con-
tained, probably for the first
time sina the end of the
war," he said.
"A potent factor.in this
success has becn the replaa-
ment of public apathy, so evi-
dent some years ago, by an
active interest a n d involve-
menL.
"Much of the credit for
this must go to the many
community leaders who have
given so much of their time,
their enugies and their re-
soprcxs W publicise and pro-
mote the anti-narcotics
cause.��
CSQ: 5320
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HONG KONG
LONG-SOUGHT DRUG SMUGGLER ARRESTED, SENTENCED
Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA Pi0Rr1ING POST in English 18 Nov 80 p 18
/Excerpt7 A man who ran away grams and marphine miature
whcn about to be arrested for
smuggliog dangerous drugs
from Bangkok was caught
four years later when he went
to the lmmigration Depan-
ment to have his travel docw
ments renewed, a High Court
judge wastold yesterday.
Henry Kwan Yuen-ming
(39) ran away from the Kai
Tak airport baggage examin-
ing counter as customs offi-
cers were checking his lug-
gage on his return from
Bangkok on March 28; 1976.
He was not arrested until�
March II when he went to
the Yuen Long immigration
office.
His name was on the
wanted list.
Kwan yesterday pleaded
guilty to possessing 24 mor-
phine blocks weighing 683.2
CSO: 5320
17
weighirtg 347.5 grams for
unlawful trafficking.
He was sentenced to scven
years' imprisonment.
The retail value of the
drugs seized was thert worth
between 5109,000' end
$150.000.
Crown rnunsel G. J. Plow-
man told Mr. Justia O'Con-
nor the drugs were concealed
in six large tinx of dried meat.
Kwan had previous con-
victions for dangerous drugs
offencex, and in 1967 he was
sentenced to eight years' im-
prisonment. ,
He had once worked for
Ng Sik-ho, alias Pei Ho, who '
was oncx known as the "Drug
Kng." Ng is now serving a
long term of imprisonment. '
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HONG KONG
USE OF SOFT DRIJGS ArfONG YOUNG WOMEN INCREASING
Hong Kong SOUTH CHI:vA MORVING POST in English 24 Nov 80 pp 22-23
/Article compiled by Halima Guterres in the column "Monday Focus_'7
/Text7
There are indications
I that the use of soft drugs
among teenagers and
~ young adults is on the rise,
~ warns the superintendent
; of the Society for the Aid
; and Rehabilitation of
i Drug Abusers, Mr James
, Chien.
Last month police seized
I 10,000 barbiturate Olis froro
+ a group of ucondary stu-
`dents.
"What is frightening is
~ that these young people do
not perceive synthetic drugs
to be dangerous," Mr Chien
said.
"Sceial workers have aiso
reported that young poople
are taking synthetic drugs ta
gether wrth beer or other
forms oF alcohol without rea-
lising the danger," he said.
Mr Chien said the trend
towards increased use of syn-
thetic drugs first came to the
notise of SARDA about three
years ago and it has ban
increasing slowly but steadily.
In recent mont5s local
drug experts have been
spreading the message thaLL
Hongkong is making headway
in the battle against drugs.
And in his opening address
~ to the Legislative Council. the
~ Goverrior. Sir Murray Mac-
Le6ose, pointod to the appar-
.:fa--k,,.:
crime had risen significantly
juvenile addiction had dt-
creased. "Between 1973 and 1979,
the number of addicts under
21 years of age admittod to
the Prisons ikpanment Drug
Addiction Treatment
Centres, and to the voluntary
centre at Shek Kwu Chau,
declined by 66 per ant and
72 per cent rcspoctively, so
that at present minors ac-
count. for only four per cent of
inmates in drug addiction
treatment cectres and twoper
cent of thase being treated in
Shek Kwu Chau;' Sir Mur-
ray said. .
While this is welcome
news Mr Chien cautioned
against oomplacxncy.
"The overall figure of drug
abuse had dxlined over the
last few years particularly
among young men,
"But at the same time we
have witnested an iacxease in
the number of youag women
turning to drugs," he said. .
For despite the rclatively
smau .P!01 "..41mmi .
among our 40,000-strong ad-
dict population, the number
of newly identifecd female ad-
dicts has ban increasing at a
faster rate than males.
Figures from the Govern-
raent's Central Registry of
Drug Addicts for the first six
months of the year show that
while 17.5 per ant of the
newly known women addicts
were in the 15 to 19 agc
group, the corraponding tig-
ure for men was only 8.4 per
cent.
Last year 25'per ocnt of
the aewly identificd women
addicts were in t6e 15 to 19
age group. The conesponding
figure for men wea only 10.4
pcr oeftt.
Statistics for the 20 to 24
age group roflect's the same
piciure.
Admission figurea from
SARDA alao tell the same
story.
T6e propft. n of young'
womea under t6e sge of 24
who were. trtated last year
was 37.6.per eent a signii-
caat004009llit000,10
years ago when girls of this
age grouP only made up 8.7
per cent � of total femate
admission.
In oomparison the number
of young male addicts treated
has dropped from 27.6 per
ant in 1969 to 16.5 per cent
last year.
Mr Chien attributes this
trond to the fact that the
majority of women addicts
aro bar girls and prostitutes
whose incomes have cuahion-
od them against the record
rises in bemin prices betwcen
1978 and early thia year.
But apart from the fact
that female addicts are rising
at a faster rete an increasing
number of them an "poly-
drug abusers," using synthet-
ic drugs in addition to heroin.
The rcoorda of SARDA -
a voJuntsry agency which
offers in-patient treatment
and rehabilitation aervices to
dru$ abuaers on a voluntary
basis shows t6at 35 per
ant of the 85 women admit-
ted for treatment last year
admitted to using synthetic
drugs as~ well as heroin.
"The actual number oould
in fact be much higher ba
cause come of the women may
not have bothered to tell us
they, were also using soft
drugs since they do not con-
sider it s problem." .
In comperison only about
one to two per ant of the
2.169 men admitted to SAR-
DA's Shek Kwu Chau cenfre
for treatment were mutliple-
drug users.
And what is more disturb-
ing, an increasing number of
young women coming for-
ward for treatment have
admitted to "poly-drug
abuse," taking not only heroin
~ but also soft drugs like tran-
: quillisers and sedatives.
"There is no evidence to
suggest that it has reached
epidemic proportions like hcr-
oin but we have roceived
warning signs that the use of
synthetic drugs is spreading,"
Mr Chien said. �
"It is an emerging prob-
lem and we should be alert to
it and try to nip it in the
bud;" he said.
He called on the Govern-
ment to pay greater attention
to the problem of female
addiction and to revamp its
preventive education and pub-
licity programmes to spread
the enti-drug message specifi-
celly to women.
The use of soft drugs is
most common among bar
girls, prostitutes snd dance
hostesses, he said.
And feedback from oue-
reaching social workers also
( suggests that they are coming
across more students and
schaol dropquts who are tak-
I ing soft drugs.
18
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' He said the most popular
' kiads of soft drugs bang
taken now include the tran-
' quilliser Methaqualon, nick-
i named "qualuud;" better
known to local people as "fat
' tak."
Another type of synthetic
' drug that is popular is the
i sedative Seconal which if
taken in smali doses and cou-
; pled with carbonated soft
; dnnks gives a kick.
This is widely known as
"Hongkong LSD." .
The use of marijuana how-
ever seems to be restricted
' more to a smail group of
expaviates and the more
Westernised Chinese who
' have their own international
~ cunnectioas for supplies, he
said.
! Poly-drug abuse makes the
! detoxitication proccss far
i more difficult and lengthy, Dr
Chien said.
i "The trouble is therc's a
' popular misconaption that
; soft drugs arc not harmful
and they are regarded partic-
i
ulady omong bar gitls as jwt
i playthiugs and part of the
socialuatiun proccas.
i "The truth is of voutsc
; that you can develop bWh
; physical and mental addiction
j to stimulaats, tranquillisers
~ and in fact all drugs that an
abused," he said.
~ Dr Chien beGeves that
~ part of the reason for the
' miaconoeption stema from the
Chinese translation of the
word for drugs, "dook bun,"
which meane opiates such ns
morphine, heroin.
~ This had led to the myth
' that synt6etic drugs or non-
CSO: 5320
19
opiata such as sedatives,
tranquUli:ere, amphetaminea
or barbituratoa ero noa-addia
tive.
Mr. Chiea belitves that
thae new trenda should be
countered by a fresh ap-
proaf6 in preventivo educa-
tion and publtcity.
"Right now moet of the
publicity seem to be directed
rtainly Wwards persuading
non-drug users and osually
boys qot to take up the heroin
habit.
"But in view of changing
trends, more sharld be done
to spread the anti-drug mes-
sage specifically to women
and although heroin is still
the primary drug oE abuse in
Hongkong, some effort should
be made to warn the cam-
munity about the dstngets oF
synthetic druge," said Mr
Chien.
"We ahould alao aim for
eady idr^lqf ication so that the
novia drug taker can be
g~ven hdp and treatment be-
fire the habit roally aets in;"
he said.
8ut more seminars and
training.courses are neodr,d to
help familiarise Prontline so-
cial workcrs - particnlariy
ac6ool eocial workers - with
the problem which is still ne.w
to many of them, he said.
"At praent many of them
Irnow ao little about synthetic
drugs thet some social work-
ers have told me they do
not even Fully understand the
terminofogy used by yourng
abusers and therefore
Vit difficult to discuss the
i~aue with them," Mr Chien
said.
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HONG KONG
BRIEFS
DRUG RAID STATISTICS--Police action against vice perpetrators led to 2,890 raids on
illegal gambling establishments, vice dens and drugs divans last month. Oa the anti-
drugs front, 428 people were rounded up during 1,096 rail 3 on the premises and street
search operations, a police spokesman said. Drugs seized included 1.58 kilograms of
heroin, 531 grams of opiun and a small quantity of morphine. /Excerpts7 /Hong Kong
SOUTH CHINA MORDIING POST in English 24 Nov 80 p 277
DRUG ABUSE WORKSHOPS--Workshops on drug abuse are being planned for secundary stu-
dents to acquaint them with the seriousness of the problem in Hongkong. A team com-
prising a medical doctor, police inspector and prison officer will visit schools to
give talks on the effects, treatment, rehabilitation and legal implications of drug
abuse. Organiser of the workshops is the Urug Abuse Sub-Committee of the Hongkong
Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry. /Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST in
English 21 Nov 80 p 267
THAI NATIONAL SENTENCED--Thai national Jang Are Fong (19) was sentenced to seven
years' imprisoment by Mr Justice 0'Connor yesterday for possessing heroin for un-
lawful trafficking. Jang was arrested on February 5, and police found polythene
bags containing 4 z kilos of heroin in a flat in Ferry Street, Yaumati, where Jang
had stayed sin.ce October last year. /Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST in English
22 Nov 80 p 87
TEACHER SENTENCED--A primary school teacher, Yau Lai-hing (55), was sentenced to six
years' imprisonment by Mr Justice Baber in the High Court yesterday after she was
found guilty by a jury of possessing $500,000 worth of dangerous drugs for the pur-
pose of unlawful trafficking. She had denied possessing 1,001.51 grams of a mixture
of salts of esters of morphine at her home on April 23, claiming that the drugs
probably belon ed to her husband. /Hor.g Kong SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST in English
29 Nov 80 p 11~ .
HEROIN SEIZURE--Police last night raided a flat in Ngau Tau Kok and arrested a man
and a woman in connection with dangerous drugs offences. Ufficers of the Special
Duty Squad of Kun Tong police station also seized 550 grams of No 3 heroin and 450
grams of caffeine at the flat in Shun LeE estate. fText7 /Hong Kong SOUTH CHINA
MORNING POST in English 26' Nov 80 p 127
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ti
MALAYSIA
BRIEFS
WHO PROJECTION UNACCEPTABLE--Deputy Home Affairs Minister Encik Sanusi Janid has
stated that the government does not accept the World Health OrganizaCion's pro-
_ jection that there are 400,000 narcotics addicts in Malaysia. He said that accord-
ing to the WHO �ormula, for every known drug addict Chere are 10 unknown ones. He
said that the formula does not reflect the true situation of the drug menace in the
country and that it cannot be said that the antidrug campaigns have failed to coun-
ter the menace. He noted that between 1970 and 1979 the government has seized 11,000
kg of opium, 504 kg of morphine, 452 kg of heroin and 9,000 kg of ganja. [Kuala
Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 17 Oct 80 p 61
FUND.REQUEST--Pemadam will ask the federal government for M$ 60 million to finance
its antidrug campaign over the negt 5 years. Pemadam National Chairman Datuk Rais
Yatim said that M$ 1.8 million already has been approved for for the Federal Terri-
tory's drug rehabilitation center at Sungai Besi, which w311 cost a total of M$ 2.5
million. The United Nations has made a grant of $60,000 for aids and equipment for
rehabilitation work. [Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 17 Oct 80 p 12]
HEROIN SENTENCE--Ng Hai Sun, 37, a hawker, was sentenced to 4 years jail and six
strokes of the rotan by the Sessions Court today. He was found guilty of possessing
6.12 grams of heroin at a house on Jalan Tmbi in Kuala Lumpur on 28 August. [Kuala
Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 25 Oct 80 p 131
REHABILITATION CENTERS--Welfare Services Minister Datin Paduka Hajjah Aishah said
today that two more drug rehabilitation centers will be set up at Muar and Sungei
Patani. Other centers are located at Kuala Kubu Baru, Besut, Tampol and Bukit
Mertajam. This will provide facilities for the treatment of 1,400 addicts. A total
of 4,300 addicts have gone through the rehabilitation prog_.ram, but not all can be
considered as cured. [Kuala Lumpur NEW SUNDAY TIMES in English 26 Oct 80 p 91
DRUG ARRESTS --Ass is tant Commissioner Zaman Khan said today that police in the state
of Negri Sembi.lan have arrested 1,056 drug addicts and pushers since 1976. Police
also seized 1,303 grams of heroin and 25 grams of morphine, which could be used for
278,530 shots. He said that 17,700 grams of opium and 1,133 grams of ganja also were
seized during the period. [Kuala Lumpur NEW STRAITS TIMES in English 31 Oct 80 p 101
CSO: 5300
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NEW ZEALAND
~ I
i
i
?1? C?3ITICTZES DP,U!', ''.T_S'JSL BILL AS INEr^: ECiIVE
Wellington THE EVENING POST in English 20 Nov 80 p 6
/Text/ The 1`iisuse of Drugs Amendment Bill was just a nice piece of window dressing
that would not concern the Mr Bigs of the New Zealand drug world, said Auckland
Central MP Mr Richard Prebble during the second reading of the Bill at Parliament
last night.
M r Prebble said that
while the Opposition sup-
ported the BUl they did not
accept that the confiscation
of vehicles used in the com-
mission of drugs ofEences (as
providcd for by the Bill)
would solve the drug prub�
Icros faced by New Zealand.
M11r Pcebbie called for
positive action and effective
egislation.
He said the people who
would be ceught and af-
fected by the provisions of
lhe Bill would nol be the Mr
Biga, but drug addicts who
were being blackmailed into
running drugs. .
Mr Prebble said that ai-
though some senior mem-
bers of the Mr Asia drug
group had been caught, there
were still senior members o(
the group, and the lawvers
and accountants who heiped
them, in New Zealand.
There were loud cries of
"name them" from the Gov-
ernment benches and the
Speaker of the House (Sir
Richard Harrlson) in-
tervened to remind mem-
bers of the responsibilities
they had when naming peo-
ple in the House.
Mr Prebble did not name
anyone but warned that
there were indicatlons that
the dry(ng up of heroin aup
~ plies was only temporary,
and that reports suggested a
new drug syndicate could be
set up.
It was a mistake, he said,
for the House to suggest that
because fGe Goveroment
was taking a hard lltee on
drugs, everything was under
control.
Mr Prebble said proper
programmes for rehabilita-
tion of drug addicts wece
needed. An open policy, such
as that in the Uniled Stetes,
where big drug dealers were
i
named, was also needed.
Government MP Mr
Ceoff Thompson (Horo-
w6enua) said the Bill con-
firmed the Government's
tough line in respect of drug
dealers and users.
It was estimated that one
person died every week as a
result of drug abuse, he said.
Mr Thom n said that
although bar Iturates were
the hard drugs ia moet com-
mon use ln New Zealand,
there wae a danger of
~
greater use of heroin and ~
there w�as a need for tight ~
surveillance.
"The Bill means that seri-
ous drug deelers and usera
can be prosecuted well after
the event and in terms of the
forfelture of vehicles it's
going to hit these criminals
in the pocket."
The Bill dId not attract a
lot of public interest during
Ite select commlttee, s~ es
eYCept trDm those w-ho
wanted to ust aubmlasions
on the BiU as a platform to
air their v3ews, de said.
Justice Minister Jim
Mcl.ay said the Government
did not claim that t41a Bill
by itself would prevent the
re-eetablishment of t6e Mr
Aala drua rinR.
The National Govern-
meat had brought down
tough legisiatioa to deal with
a tough problem. Laws al-
ready on the atetute books
and polfcing procedures
were autilcient to stop a new
drua syndlcate, he said,
'fhere was no doubt, he
seid, that the Government
was tak[ng a hard line od
those who supplied hard
drugs.
He seid there was no
Member of the House who
was more given to ex- !
travagant Claims than the
Member for Auckland Cen-
tral.
He sald this was a amall ~
but important Bilt that he
believed would De effective
againat dtug deallna. It pra
vided mainly for the Courts
to order forfelture of vehi-
cles or conveyances used in ~
the commisatoa o[ a drug of-
fence, and it also dropped
the time limit in which a
person could be pcosecuted
for drug offences.
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rEw ZFAIArD
BRIEFS
BOOKS ON DRUGS--Drugs are pushing violence into third place after sex as the topics
most often dealt with by the Indecent Publications Tribunal. An officer for the
tribunal said in Wellington yesterday that books on prohibited drugs, produced by
"sub-cultures" in the United States and Britain, were beginning to percolate through
to New Zealand. The books were imported privately and confiscated by the Customs
Department, she said. /Excerpt7 %Christchurch THE PRESS in English 1 Nov 80 p 67
HERdIN POSSESSION CONVICTION--An Akaroa fisherman, Kenneth Wayne Martin, aged 23,
was convicted by Judge Frampton in the District Court yesterday on a charge of pos-
sessing heroin. Martin, who admitted the offence, Which took place on October 25,
was remanded to November 17 for a probation report and sentence. The heroin, which
_ weighed 4.2 grams, was found in Martin's suitcase after he had travelled by air from
Auckland to Christchurch. Martin told police he had bought four grams of heroin for
$500 in Auckland. /Christchurch THE PRESS in English 4 Nov 80 p 77
HEROIN IMPORTATION VERDICTS--Rotorua, Nov 5(PA)--Verdicts of guilty for Anthony
Bradley and not guilty for Grant Elliot Wills were returned by the jury which has
heard the drug conspiracy trial in the High Court. Trial judge Mr Justice Jeffries
remanded Bradley, 32, unemployed, of Mt Maunganui, in custody for sentence at Auck-
land on November 19. The two men had pleaded not guilty last week to a charge al-
leging they conspired with each other and Frith Frederick Adrian Walsh to import
heroin into New Zealand. /Wellington THE EVEDTING POST in English 6 Nov 80 p 47
PRISON FARM DRUGS--Auckland, Nov 11 (PA)--Eight drug-detecting dogs have helped
Customs and police find cannabis and assorted weapons on a central North Island
prison farm. The combined search of the Hautu Youth Centre was followed by one
at the Waikeria Youth Centre and raids on 10 homes in the Te Kuiti area. The
raids, believed to be the biggest joint exercises of their type in New Zealand,
may be the forerunner of future visits to penal institutions. The Customs chief
investigating officer in Auckland (Mr S Hartley) revealed today that during the
search at Hautu two weeks ago, officers found small quantities of hashish, cannabis
leaf, seeds and seedlings in and around the prison huts. The dogs were again used
_ when a combined group of 16 police officers and 12 customs men swooped on homes in
and around Te Ruiti. Small amounts of assorted drugs were seized during the raids.
/Excerpts7 /Wellington THE EVENING POST in English 12 Nov 80 p 77
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SINGAPORE
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT HAS DETERRENT EFFECT ON TRAFFICKING
Rangoon THE WORKING PEOPLE'S DAILY,in English 2 Nov 80 p 4
[Text]
SINGAPORE, z Nov--Vigorous. Acdoa, ia-
cluding application of the death penalty, has
smashed drug traffickiag syndicates in Siagapore
aad even hit tbe smalt-time smugglers comiag
across the causeway from malnlaad Malaysia.
The deterrrnt effect of
enforcement, rnnvictions
and eKecutions was re-
f lected in the declining
numher of inejor drug
tFaff'ickers arrested after
the introductiun af the
deach penalty in 1975l
oald Home Affairs NIints-
ter Chua Sian Chin.
He was replying in
Pastiament to a quesiion
on whether capital punish.
CSO: 5300
aunt for cestain drug
offences has had the
desired deterunt effect,
Mr Chua told theHouse
that since !ha deach pe-
qalty was intro3uced
;n iqn, zo major, drug
traffickers. had been ar-
rested and prosecuud.
Eighteen were tried in
court and sonteuced to
death. Six were executed
after their appeals to the
Privy Council were re-
jected.
Vigorout eeforcemertt
"With vigorous and
sustained eaforcement,
24
the organized dru g traffic-
king syndicates have lieen
smashed," he said.
vIr Chua said that
ia 1976, the year after
the death penalty � was
introduced, ii' major
drug traffickers were
arrested.The figure dropp-
ed to six in 1977, one in
1978 aad one last vear.
So far this year there has
been no case of drug tra-
fficking which would have
entailed the death
penalty for the offender
if coavicted.�
The pcice of heroin at
strcet level hit a high of
333 dollars (158 US) per
gramme in tha 5rs't six
mont'ns of this year, com-
pared to 35 dolars
(16.6 US) a aramme in
1977--ti:4 8/AF'P
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CANADA
LEGISLATOR SENTENCED TO SEVEN YEARS IN DRUG CASE
Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in English 13 Nov 80 p 4
[Text]
i WINNIPEG MLA
Both betore and after
years, noting that a co-
~ Robert Wilson was sen-
senteecing he continu-
cjunsptrator in the case,
tenced to sevan years
ing protesting Ms scant
aman with prevbus
~ yesterday for conspiring
invoivement in any
"
.~ratficking c~nvi~-
, 0 import and trafric in
conspiracy. "It iNs sach
bm, had recefved
mari juana.
a big iMernational
eight, But Jedge Hewak
! "You (ught W have
thing, how oomc I'm
r,oced Mr. WiL9on's clem
' iuown better.�� Mr.
sitting here all alone? At
MeDrd, his wort in We
~ Justice Ben)annin He-
worst, jt's a technlcal
community and Ma do'
! wak toid the iI'ory pditi-
breach. I can't see hw
ues as a responsible
i cian in the starKting-
thev're painting me as
parent to his 11-}testr-oid
~ room-only courtroom as
Mt. Big."
daughtec, whom he
I he levied the mandatory
Ais laaryet, Iay Prot-
raised alone fm.m birth�
j minimum term (or
er, tiadasked Umcourt
Mr. Wilsam+ orbo has
~ importing. "PeoMe who
to rule tDat tbe seven-
beea a legistaor for five
I placed their confidence
3+ear minimuus }s "cniel
~i
years, can eontinue

~
an
in you, by casting u~r
~
P+~~-

"
e
,
t
rec:.~v1n8
hile iu
votes and helWoB You
~ get elected, 1'm sure

und
meni
r tke Cana-
dian Bitl ot Rights Md
he denounc
d as "de
i
salary even w
pri~on for the t+est ot hje
rahidt
lettve tetm
i
i now teel betrayed.
e
s~
-
,
leg
s
7'he 46-year4id
~
cable" the Crovm's
~ ~ to twro
~ member for the central
arrangesnent allowing
Wiliiam Wrlght
wtw
Yew, but heemul0t rux
ior t~eleCtion while in
. Winnipeg riding of Wol-
,
admitted doitag tbe acW-
prison. Ae fs ellgible far
sel
ey

gh
~
ai smugglin,g, to "buy
parnle atter cwmPieds~6
a dark
w
t
ac
r

bia rreedorri" by giving
a cnird ot his sencence.
brown silk puft, aP-
evideace. "�i ask where
Mr. Pmber said be
; peared psle. and tears
O)i I~m is- "
plans td appeeil the
; welied in his eyes as he
Federal pl,nsecutac
co~nvietlon and will seek
kissed his sister irom
Bn~ce MacFar
bed
Mr. Wilson's release ae~
' ~ P~A ~
I
.
a~k: ,d for eig~to' 15
Ioil
CSO: 5320
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CANADA
STUDY FINDS CURRENT ivuARIHUANA LALJS NO DETERRENT TO USE
Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL in English 12 Nov 80 p 10
[Text]
C?TT'AWA (CP) - Although the
Narcotic Contrul Act is among the
harshest laws on the federal books, it
has had practically no deterrent effect
on the use of marijuana and hashish
during the past 15 years, a statement
prepared tor the Addiction Research
Founclation of Ontario says.
More than three million Canadians
are currently estimated to be using
cannabis dnigs - the general heading
for marijuana or hashish. And more
than 85 per cent of the convictions -
about 50,000 a year under the Nar-
cotic Control Act are [or simple pos-
sessicm.
The statement, published in the
Nuvember edition of the foundation's
Journai, lists the status quo among
four options for dealing with cannabis
- and gives the Narcotic Control Act
ttie worst marks.
A.s an alternative, the authors say a
legal system of sales would not only
control the market but generate reve-
tue for goveroment. But they warn
&hat the only way to offset a black
market if cannabis is legalized might
be through licenced consumer oo-
operatives rat6er than through gov-
ernment stores similar to those selling
tiquor.
The other options are "decriminali-
zation," which would maintain the
worst features of the current law, and
timited legalization to allow users to
grow and use cannabis in their own
homes.
The authors conclude that health
risks alone should not dictate the leg-
islative r?sponse to cannabis.
"In particular, stiff criminel penal-
ties should not be viewed as a panacea
tor the potential health hazards posed
by widespread cannabis use." .
Criminal prohibition was only one
of several options and had W be evalu-
ated in terms of benefits azM cagts.
The statement prepared by sodolo-
gist Eric Single, criminolqgist Patri-
cia Erickson and Robert SolomW a*
]aw professor at . the UAiversity of
VJestern Ontario, sets out soMe oLthe
costs of the current 60-yeat-0td,law. .
"The mo'st obvious soclel cost is 1ts
tinancial expense, conservatively esti-
mated at S60-million to =100-mjllion a

year, they say. An addltional'social
cost is that many traditionel rlghts
and freedoms have been sncriflced W
far.ilitate the entorcement of the car-
rent drug law. Officers have far
broader powers of search aad seiziire
in even a minor drug case, auch as
simpie possession of cannabis, tban
they have in a m4rder or other serlous
criminal investigation.,
'Furthermore, policepowers to in-
vestigate drug cases have oonsistently
been broadened at the expense M-ciWl
liberties. Wiretap legislation, court
decisions and government proposals
td suthorize opening of private mail
are given as examples.
;"Related costs are the unsavory
police methods and violence inherent
iri drug eniorcement," the statement
s4ys. "Although the use of wiretaps,
paid informants, undercover officers,
p0lice dogs, anests without warning
and massive surprise raids are all
legal, such tactics have been widety
criticized for bringing the police and
the entire criminal justice system into
disrepute, especially among the
yoFor ~the individual, conviction of
possession usually means a discharge
without a tine or jail sentence - al-
though many arrested may have been
jailed temporarily and a11 are ifnger-
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printed and photographed.
Even with a discharge, court, police
and many other records remaia, and
this is where things get serious tor
those who have been convicted.
"Good character" requirements in
protessions regulated by the,provinc-
es mean a person may be unable to
become a lawyer, doctor, nurse, ar-
chitect, engineer, surveyor, accoun-
tant, veterinarian.or funeral direcWr
as a result of a cannabis canviction -
and chere were 200,000 convictions
between 1868 and 1979.
Ambulance drivers, auctioneers,
real estate agents and operawrs of
nursing homes, taverns, private hos-
pitals and private vocationat schools
must be licenced. They also tace re-
jectlon as a result of a catuiabis con-
viction. ImYaigrants may be deported or
refused citizenship.
The statement says decriminaliza-
tion - the "Nne oNy" for simple pos-
session now being considered by Otta-
wa - would "not represent a major
change in policy" unless it did somc;
thing substantial about criminal re-
cords.
. This option might reduce the public
' costs of dealing with oftenders and it
wouid not, according to U.S. studies,
result in substanttal increase in use of
cannabis.
But it aould do nothing about objec-
tioaable police powers or W,alleviate
the damaging results of a tecord.
As an alternative, the authors, sug-
gest legatizing the use and cultlvatiou
' CSO: 5320
of smalt amounts of cannabis in a
persan's bbme. Tlvs sbouldn't lead to
increased use, tbeY saY, snd it wouid
art duwn tbe number of users pio-
cessed esch year throug6 the criminal
justice s~y~eaa. I
The n - govemment-
regulated distrflmtion - is unWcely to
be sChieved in this cetltury giveA the
o6stacles listed by the scientists.
This optioa would create a legal
souroe of supply, minimize entorce-
snent costs and generate oonsiderabie
tax revenue tor government.
It could be set up the way tbe prov-
inoes run tbeir liquoY stores. But the
autbors warn that such a system
would be likely to creafe a black
rnarket, partly because it would ban
sales to teen.agers. '
'11iey propose as an alternatlve thae,
as has been suggestsd in Brltain,
sales be made through consumer ca
operatives under Ilcence trom the
CovernmeuL
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CANADA
BIN TO DISPOSE OF ARUGS SUGGESTED FOR AIRPORT
Toronto THE GLOBE AND MAIL, WEEKEND EDITION in English 15 Nov 80 p 1
[Article by Zuhair.Kashmeri]
[Text]
A Provinciat Ca:,rt judge's recom�
mendation that signs be pasted at
Toronto International Airport warn-
ing drug smugglers of the rninimum
seven-year sentence tor the importing
of drugs has met with another sugges-
tion trom Canada Customs that a drug
disposal bin be piaced below the sign.
Judge Wiiliam Richards of Bramp-
tan recommended the sign at the sen-
tencing of two young women irom
Trenton, Ont., who agreed to carry
ttiree pounds a[ hashish oii into Cana-
da after being told that at the most
they would geta suspended sentence
if caught.
He said during the sentencing that
his experience showed that many
young Canadians still do not know
about the mipimum seven-year peni-
tentiary term tor smuggling narcotics
into Canada. The two womeh had
p(eaded guiTty to the lesser offence of
possession of drogs for the purpose of
tratficking.
Francois Filion, a spokesman tor
Canada Customs, safd ?n Ottaara that
a sign would be tine tor those leaving
the country.
But, tor those returning to Can�da
and seefng the sigrt, there would be
nothing between them and the cus-
toms short of a toilet bowl, not always
the most convenient place to dispose
of drugs, he said.
He did not thlnk the warning sign
would be much of a deterrent. He said
that existing signs warn o[ severe
penalties tor smuggling gaods in gen-
era! and yei "people try to fool us. To
them it's a chaltenge and, o[ course,
drugs mean a lot of money."
David McAree, generet manager of
Toronto Internatlonal Airport, wtw
was amenable to the recommenda-
tion, had a third suggestion -�Up a
note about the seven-year sentence
Into each airline ticket.
Judge Richards said during the
sentencing that it was hacd to deter
prospective drug smugglers when
chey didn't knovv about the seven-year
minimum prison �termt.
CSO: 5320
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CHILE
BRIEFS
DRUG TRAFFICKERS ARRESTED--Police have arrested six members of a drug ring. They
are: (Gaston Nino Alvarez), (Marcos Marin Marin), (Luis Leal Lefevre), (Antanio
Daniel Acevedo), (Roberto Zuniga Concha), and (Luis Uria Punil). Palice records
show that this group had broken into several doctors' offices to steal drugs,
which they later sold in schools and discotheques. [PY040248 Santiago Chile
Domestic Service in Spanish 2300 GMT 3 Dec 801
CSO: 5300
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COLOI"iBIA
MURDERED JUDGE WAS INVESTIGATTNG COCATNE CASE
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanisfi 12 Oct 80 p 3-A
[Article by Juan Jose FIoyos]
' [Text] Medellin The 14th.Pena1 Conrt judge, 4airo Marin Jaramillo,
who was msrdered last Fridayby a gunman sontfi of ldiedellin, was in-
vestigating a case of a cocaine seizure which.had taken place in
; recent weeks, judicial circles reported today.
During the investigation the arrest of eigfit persons had been
. ordered; they are now being field in the national jail at Bellavista.
Marin Jaramillo fiad also been in tfie forefront of a number of
drug investigations.
Apparently for that reason tfie official was "liquidated" by a hired
gunman as he was leaving fiis fionse, accompanied by a daughtera
" The gunman acted coolly, wounded tfie judge in the head, and then left
on a motorcycle tfiat fie fiad waiting a fear maters away.
Marin Jaramillo is tfie Pirst Jtldge to be assassinated in Medellin.
~ His funeral was held on Satnrday, and was attended by a large crowd
showirig fiheir solidarity; fmndreds of judicial officials were pre-
; sent.
Meanwhile, in the municipal courts the national flag is being flown
at half-mast as a sign of sorroar caused Iiy tfie murder of the 14th
' Penal Court judge.
i
I On Friday the municipal court judges agreed to stop work for 2 days,
' and rzleased a communique in wfiicfi they denounced the attacks com-
~ mitted against justice officials.
; "Honest Colombian judges have paid witfi their lives for their
unshakeable decision to defend society," states the communique, in
i reference to incidents which have occurred in Cucuta, Barranquilla,
' and other cities, in which several judges have been killed.
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In their statement, tfie ntunicipal J-udges added; 'trn a country in
which individual rtghts and sadegnards ere being.- violated fiy a lack
of security, tfiE campaign oP Jvstice against cri`me is becoming ever
more unequal. So long as tfie gangs continue to increase their power
and resources, the judicial system will fiave to work handicapped and
without the safeguards necessary so tfiat it could, in a climate of
full security and complete independence, carry out the duties which
the republic has given it as guardians of the legal order and the
supreme defenders of individual and social laws.
"May this bring about an urgent camma.tment and a period of
reflection about this consummate crime, so that the ruling classes
of the nation may car.ry out their obligation to provide the judges
with the conditions which are essential for the vital exercise of
their duties and so that tfiey, will gnarantee tfie right to suitable
protection for the saf2ty of the judges and of their families,"
added the communique.
The superior court of Medellin, penal cfiamTaer, approved the
fo llowing resolution:
The penal chamber of tfie fiono rable superior court of Medellin, in
its special session on this date, in consideration of the fact that
on this Friday morning the life of Dr Jairo Marin Jaramillo, a judge
of the 14th Penal Court of tfi-is city, was. brougfit to an end by
criminal hands, and in cons3deration of tfie fact tfiat judicial of-
ficials and employees fiave been tFie targets of a number of attacks
in this nation, because of tFi,eir mission in tfie administration of
justice, and in consideration of tfie fact tfiat tfiis sorrowful event,
the loss of a vigilant servant, of �.tfie judiciary for over 18 years,
a judge of irreproacfiable fionesty, poi:nts out the difficulties and
dangers inherent in tfie full and correct performance of judicial
work,
Hereby resolves:
1. Ta mourn the tragic death of Dr Jairo Marin Jaramillo and ta
express to his wife and children its most heartfelt condolences;
2. To hold up as an example of service, honesty, and devotion to
the judiciary the name of this distinguished judge.
3. To demand from the executive authorities, both national and
departmental, suitable safeguards for judges and judicial employees
in the performance of their duties. At these times of inoral decay
they are higfily vulnera5le unless tfiey are given suitable protection
by the state.
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4. To invi te al l the j udi.ci.al psrsonnel, particularly those in the
penal field, to a ceremony:, Qf soli~dar�ity witli .tfie deceased, and of
repudiation of thi:s crime, and to invite them to attend in great
numbers the funeral of tfie mnrdered judge, wfii:cFi will be held in
Campos de Paz at 1100 on S-aturday, 11 October.
5. To authorize Dr Edgar Tobon Uribe,inagistrate of the honorable
superior court, to speak in tfie name of tfie penal chamber at the
burial ceremony.
6. To send this resolution in an appropriate format to the widow
and ::hildren of the victim; to send it to the communications media,
; and to publish it in the Judicial Cfironicles at an appropriate time.
7. To adjourn this session as a sign of sorrow.
= Medellin, 10 October 1980.
' Jose Aguilar Pardo, presiding jndge, penal cfiaznber; Alberto Garcia
Quintero, secretary.
7679
CSO: 5300
i
i
' 32
i
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COLOMBIA
BLOWS AGAINST DRUG TRAFFICKING REPORTED
Traffickers in Medellin Clinic
Bogota EL TIW0 in Spanish 23 Oct 80 p 2-B
[Article by Alba Lia Medina]
[Text] Medellin' , 22 Oct--Seven drug traffickers who had received burns in the
explosion of a cocaine laboratory this past Saturdaq--in which two other members
of the gang were burned Co death--were found in the exclusive E1 Rosario clinic,
located in the eastern part of this city, where they were being given medical
attention under a disguised identity.
The explosion occurred oLi the above mentioned day on a farm on the E1 Romeral
road,under the jurisdiction of the Copacabana township, a few kilometers north of
- Medellin.
According to the police, the explosion caused the immediate death of two persons
who were burned to death and who have not yet been identified.
Simultaneously, another seven persons suffered burns and disappeared from the site.
It is not yet known what route they took.
National police authorities who have specialized in narcotics, immediately initiated
a search today for the seven persons and found the following in the E1 Rosario
clinic: Alvaro Aguirre, Frank Castrillon, Alfonso Ramirez Osorio, Luis Carlos Mesa,
Ovidio Cano, Carlos Diaz Restrepo, and another person whose identity was not made
known.
According to information from the doctors at this health center, the condition of
some of the above-mentioned persons is extremely serious.
The authorities of the Copacabana township, located in the extreme northern part of
- Valle de Aburra,.saidthat the laboratory for the processing of the drug that
exploded on Saturday, was one of the most modern in the country and had abundant
means and sophisticated technical equipment.
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;
;
Marihuana, Vehicles, Weapons Seized
Bogota EL TIENP0 in Spanish 29 Oct 80 p 12-A
[Article by Jacquelin Donado]
' [Text] Barranquilla--A total of 258 packages of marihuana, 3 vehicles, various
weapons, and a scale were seized in operations carried out by members of the
' Second Brigade at various sites on the Colombian North Coast,
;
In tt-.e vicinity of Santa Marta a shipment of 200 packages of marihuana was dis-
- covered. It was to be shipped abroad by sea. At the same place various weapons
and two vehicles were seized.
At the Cuestabaia fruit stand, on the road to Cienaga, a Toyota motor van,
RV-6321, with Venezuelan iicense places, was confiscated. In the van were a
, � package of marihuana and a scale. Victor Hugo Fajardo ancl Martin Rafael Bermudez
, were arrested. According to official spokesmen, they had just delivered a very
' valuable shipment.
- i
In the town of Conejo, Guajira, Obdulio Parada Amaya and Jaime Rosado Ariza were
! arrested as they were transporting 57 packages of "marimba" in motor van flK 596.
' In Barranquilla, Alfredo Munoz Alvarsz was arrested in a raid. He was carrying a
i 9-mm pistol and ammunition. Rafael Freyle was captured in Maican. He had weapons
i that were for the exclusive use of the army. Tao modern guns were taken from him.
Marihuana, Aircraft Seized
i Bogota EL TIIIMPO in Spanish 20 Oct 80 p 12-D
[Text] The authorities have continued their intensive fight against drug traffick-
ing gangs and revealed that 433 packages a.nd 10 kilos of marihuana were seized
~ during various operations carried out in recent days.
Military units also found a DC-3 plane that was burned and destroyed and captured
; 23 drug traffickers.
There results reflect the campaign carried out in Guajira, Atlantico, and Magdalena.
~ Also seized were a million capsules i.n bulk, 14 vehicles, and various weapons.
~ Further, the DAS [Administrative Department of Security] reported that two known
I drug traffickers were ca.ptured by secret policemen in Bogota as the traffickers
were trying to negotiate the handling of 10 kilos of marihuana in pressed brick
form.
~
The men were Hernando Reiroso Ramos and.Iose-Aatonio Hernandez Gordillo, who wer.e
~ captured when they were in the Chipasaque residences, located at No 9-23 on
~
;
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rouCe 17, with marihuana packed tn a cardboard box.
I t was :stablished that the two men possess big marihuana plantations in Llanos
OrienCales.
- Cocaine, Marihuana Raids
B ogota EL SIGLO in Sganish 21 Oct 80 p 2
_ [Text] The antidrug group of the national police seized 4,155,136,375 pesos
worth of drug extracts and ingredients, captured 393 drug traffickers and dis-
covered 32 laboratories for tha processing oF cocaine during the first 9 months
of the present year, according to a report issued by that institution.
The document emphasizes that the police "seized the biggest shipments of cocaine
and marihuana tha.t have ever been confiscated in the entire world."
I t points out that, as of now, they have carried out a total of 226 investigations,
which resulted in the confiscation of 1,103 kilos of cocaine, valued at
$3,826,822,750; 5,579 kilos of coca leaves, valued at $1,165,650; and 110,209 kilos
of marihuana, for $88,510,100.
The report also indicated that 13 coca plantations, which produce 134,197 kilos,
f or $10,771,375 were located; also 53 additional marihuana plantations, which
produce 280,977 kilos, valued at $212,866,500.
The total amount af confiscated extracts and ingredients amounts to $4,155,136,375.
Three hun3red and fifty-two Colombian men, 4 forei.gr men, 35 Colombian cromen and
2 foreign women--a total of 393 drug traffickers--were captured.
Also, in carrying out these activities, 235 vehicles of various brands and models,
15 seaplanes, some vessels, 250firearms of various calibers, and 1,800 cartridges
for these weapons were confiscated. In addition, 40 clandestine airports were
located. Planes and light aircraft land there in arder to receive shipments of
marhihuana and cocaine.
F-2 Success Record
Bogota EL ESPECTADOR in Spanish 18 Oct 80 p 16-A
[Text] Three thousand nine hundred and eighty-two men and 484 women--including 108
foreigners--have been imprisoned in the past 5 years as a result of the fight that
the Colombian authorities have been carrying out against the "mafia-type" drug
traff ickers who operate in the country and who, in spite of serious and continuous
setbacks, are still involved in their illicit activities as a result of the enor-
mous sums that they handle and their international connections.
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137 Laboratoriea
According to a statistical report made knowt yesterday by the directorate of the
institution through its Secretariat of Information and Press, during the period in
question the Anti-Narcotics Group of the F-2 carried out a total of 2,711
investigations that resulted in the discovery of 137 laboratories for the processing
of cocaine. They were operating in various parts of the country, and were estimated
to be worth somewhat more than 66 million pesos. A Moumtain of Cocaine and Marihuana
The F-2 operations also made possible the confiscation of the amazing quantity of
3,513 kilos of cocaine, that is, more than 1 and 1/2 tons; 25,102 kilos of coca
leaves; and 282,121 kilos of marihuana. This is a veritable mountain of marihuana,
enough to supply international markets for a long time.
Twenty-six coca plantations, with a production capacity of 22,547 kilos of leaves,
valued at 41,309,375, and 1,815 marihuana plantations, with a production of more
than 3 and 1/2 million kilos, valued at $4,713,84$,600, have been discovered since
1975.
Unbelievable Amounts
According to the same statistical report, the value of confiscated cocaine and
marihuana, together with that of the production of located plantations and raided
laboratories, reached the incredible sum of $12,331,134,985.
These confiscations were destroyed in the presence of officials of the Office of
the National Attorney General; but some of the marihuana plantations, because of
their vastness and because access to their locations is di�ficult, as in the case
of La Gua3ira, could not be exterminated.
The Most Significant Blow
One of the operations carried out by the F-2 Anti-Narcotics Group should be empha-
sized. It took place in Bogota last year, on 17 September. In a northern section
of the city, 800 kilos of very pure cocaine were confiscated and 18 persons were
captured. The quantity of confiscated drugs was the greatest to ever fall into the
han.ds of the authorities in the entire world and resulted in the:Colombian police
receiv3ng an honor that has been coriferred on only three countries.
The Honor
; The distinction consisted of a plaque and a certificate that accredits our police
; corps as an active member of the International Police Association, 6th Zone of
- Los Angeles, California, together with congratulations for the great organization of
the institution and for its exceptional success in the fight against intemational
' gangs of drug traffickers.
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Preventive Tasic
The task of the National Police in the above-mentioned field has not been limited
to a repressive aspect; it also includes a preventive aspect. For this purpose,
the ministerial department has conducted national and international seminars on
narcotics and at present continues to be engaged in appropriate technical training
of personnel for the fight against drug trafficking, through regular courses in
the Investigation Academy cor officers,noncommissioned officers and policemen.
Apart from this, 60 units of the institution, for the most part officers, have had
specialized training abroad in connection with the problem and control of drugs�
8255
CSO: 5300
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J'
~
i
COLOMBIA
I JUMBO 747' PILLS, TRAFFICKERS SEIZED
Bogota EL TIEMPO in Spanish 1 Oct 80 p 3-A
[Text] For the first time in tfie capital city, the police have
seized a load of 50,000 pills of a drug known as "Jumbo 747." The
drugs confiscated were valued at $10,000; two persons who appear to
be the owners of the confiscated drugs were also arrested.
The arrests and discovery of the "Jumbo".pills which are made from
a base of a substance named im-Lhaqualone occurred at Calle 100 and
Carrera 15, north of the city.
The two men arrested, according to tfie police, gave their names as
Edgar Caballero Arias and Jorge Martinez Duarte; according to the
palice reports, $14,000 in counterfeit money was also taken from
the two men.
Edgar Caballero Arias
Jorge Martinez Duarte
Before the arrests, the authorities had detected the existence of
the "Jumbo 747" drugs on the north coast ot Colombia. This drug
is extensively used in the United States, and it has destructive
physical and mental effects on its users.
7679
CSO: 5300
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cozoMBrA
7'RA.FFICKERS' AIRCRAFi D?S`I'ROYED
Bogota EL TIEAZPO in Spanish 30 Sep 80 p 2-B
[Article by Jacquelin Danado]
[Text] Barranquilla�-- Units oF the second brigade struck a harsh
blow against 'che gangs oE clrug traffickers operating in this region
of the coast, by downing a plane loaded orith znara:fiuana in the vicini-
ty of the town of Aracataca.
The aircraft, a ligfit plane of the Gambert type with registration
number 80604 of U.S. arigin, was shot down by bursts of machinegun
fire when it refused to obey, an order issved by a plane of the
Colombian air Farce, which had spotted it.
The fate of the crew members fias not been released, though it was
.felt to be rather unlikely tfiat tfioy survi.ved, given the features
- of the terrain where the plane crasfied.
Planes Destroyed
The same military sources revealed the finding of two planes which
had crashed in I,a. Guajira and the region near Sucre and Bolivar.
The first was found in the jUrisdiction of Paraguachon, Guajira,
wi.thout any traces of survivers. Laboratory analyses revealed the
presence of traces af marihuana in its instruments.

Another plane was found ?n a second case, during an air force
reconnai.ssance fligh.t, althoLgfi on that occasion 120 crates of
marihuana were fourzd scattered in the vicinii:y of the accidento
Athird drug trafficking plane was spotted along the Colombian-
Venezuelan border in the Gua jira region. One hu_ndred and five
- crates of marihuana were confiscated from it.
7679
CSO: 5300
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COIAMSI~A
COCAINE LABS DISCOVERED TN HOYACA
Bogota EL TIEMPO in SpanisFi 12 Oct 80 p 2-A,
[Article by Raul Ospina]
[Text] Chiquinquira --Two cocaine Zaboratories were discovered and
� 12 persons arrested in a raid conducted by F-2 police units and the
Sucre battalion of Chiquinqui:ra.
i On the La Balsa road only 2 kilometers f.:.;m the city limits, items
from a cocaine processing laboratory werQ found.
The followin,q items were found:� two: rolls of filter paper and
, plastic, two 5-gram test tubes,a 1,OU0 test tube and three of 250,
; 100, and 330; four bottles of fiydrocfil;oric acid, one gallon of
, ammonia; a package of polyethylene bags, one permanganate bag,
two bottles of etfier, 25 spirals�for ligfit outlets, and thirty-five
250-watt bulbs.
The F-2 unit arrested Santos aesus Rodriguez Diaz, tfie.watchman at
; the farm.
Another laboratory was fonnd i.n the jurisdiction of the town of
Albania (Santanderl, near Saboya. There the army arrested 11 persons.
The Sucre battalion found in a house on the La Mesa road an electric
! power plant made by Honda, 13 demijofins of ether, ammonia, and
' acetone, a gallon of per7nanganate, a dryer, 1,100 grams of cocaine
being purified, and 20 grams of pure cocaine. Inside the same house
a variety of firearms were found, including carbines, rifles,
revolvers, and pistols.
The raid resuited in the arrest of the following persons: Jose
I Santos Acosta Aguilera, Ange1 Trixiidad Cortes Pas�trana, Luis
Francisco Lemus Torres, Maria Leonor Lemus Gomez, Segundo Elmilgar
' Lemus Gomez, Angelmiro Mosquera, Ju1io Angel Mosquera, and Pastor
~ Quiroga Silva.
7679
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cozorBzA
ALLEGED GUERRILLAS STEAL DRUGS
Bogota EL ?'IEMPO in Spanish 12 Oct 80 p 2-A
[Text] Two alleged guerri.llas attacked a van belonging to the
Ministry of HealtIi in Sogota and took 35 kilos of pethidine,
valued at 167,000 pesos.
This occurred at 1830 on Fridayat tfie Eldorado Highway near
Carrera 72.
The individuals armed with macfiineguns stopped the driver, Pedro
Pablo Roa Cortes, wfiom tfiey hAndcnffed and gagged.
Scientists from the Uribe Cualla clinic, wfio were consulted by EL
TIEMPO on the use of tbis sort of drug, said that it is a synthetic
analgesic which is very powerful and effectide; it is used as a
morphine sulistitute.
A medication called meperidine is derived from pethidine. It is
used for very severe pain, sucfi as tfiat produced by cancer.
Authorities believe that the 35 kilos of pethidine are being taken
by the guerrillas to groups of armed guerrillas who are in the
mountains, who can use it to.treat persons wounded in combat.
The DAS [Administrative Department of Security], the F-2, and the
B-2 have begun a thorough.investigation in order to identify those
responsible for the robbery.
7679
CSO: 5300
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MEXICO
INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL EFFORTS DISCUSSED
Mexico City EL SOL DE MEXICO in Spanish 27 Oct 80 Sec A pp 6, 11
[Text] Unfortunately, the use and trafficking of drugs are as old as mankind. Lost
vision, ecstasy with tragic consequences, the horror of addiction and man's despair
have been the painful accompaniment to man's development and evo].ution. Thus, the
drug problem poses problems with international repercussions and types of illegal
conduct that are in urgent need of solution.
In the early 1960's, just as the Beatles came into existence and a change began among
the youth, the use or drugs started to "become fashionable" as a~worldwide phenomenon,
and a means of escape for the youth. The phenomenon began to spread at a very rapid
rate throughout Che world. And with it, vice and crime increased as well. Those
years were a fertile ground where the problem developed. They were years of war,
instability, social insecurity and loss of hope. They were accoml.anied by a wide
range of substances, such as opi:um, hallucinogenic substances such as cannabis 2nd
peyote, and "modern" drugs such as LSD and volatile inhalants.
But although in our century this story began during the 1960's, as we have said, this
story really began 5000 years before Christ, when it was reported that the Sumerians
~
, were using opium. They associated it with "happiness" or rejoicing. In the year
2500 B.C., there was the first historical evidence of the consumption of poppy seeds
among the inhabitants of the Swiss lakes.
A long time later, Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher and naturalist, described what
, to daCe is the first account of poppy juice, and its use began in China. By the
year 1000, opium was used widely in China and the Far East.
In 1792, the first bans against that drug were promulgated in China, and it was
; ordered that those selling opium were to be punished by strangulation. In 1797,
i Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote "Kubla Khan" under the influence of opium. 'It was
~ in 1800 that Che Napoleonic army, returning from Egypt, introduced the use of hashish
; and marihuana into France. And so vanguard artists and writers developed their own
i rituals in Paris, even founding the Hashishin Club.
In 1805, Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner, a German chemist, isolated and described
morphine. During 1822 in Eugland, the book "Confessions of an Opium Eater," by
Thomas De Quincey, was published. This book relates that the opium habit, like any
other, is leamed; and states: "In less than 120 days of consuming opium, the habit
is sufficiently strong to be diffieult to stop."
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The first Opium War took place during the period from 1839 to 1842. The British
forced the Chinese to traffic in opium, a traffic which the Asian government had
declared illegal. In 1844, cocaine was isolated in the pure state. The second
Opium War occurred in 1856, for in that year the British (aided by the French)
extended their power over the opium distribution in China.
In 1898, diacetyl-morphine (heroin) was synthesized in Germany, and its use began
to spread.
In 1901, the American Senate adopted the resolution to ban American merchants from
selling opium to the aborigine tribes or uncivilized peoples. Also in 1901, a bill
was submitted in Colorado, and finally failed to pass, banning sales of morphine
and cocaine without a doctor's prescription.
In 1902, there was a strange statement on the part of the American Pharmacists
Association: "If the Chinese cannot get along without drugs, we can get along with-
out the Chinese."
In 1906, the Food and Drug Law was passed in the United States. Up until that time,
one could purchase morphine, cocaine or heroin in stores or by mail, as medicines,
without a check on their content. In 1909, imports of opium for smoking were banned
in the United States. And, at the same time, it was said that the number of murders,
thefts, suicides, criminal assaults, holdups and rapes, especially among the youth,
was very d3:fficult to estimate. A year later it was discovered that the American
contractors were giving cocaine to their black workers so that they would produce
more.
In 1912, the First International Convention on Opium took place at The Hague, on
which occasion several measures were recommended for the international control of
opium.
In 1914, the Harrison Law on Narcotics, controlling the sale of opium and its by-
products, was passed in the United States. In 1924, the manufacture ot heroin was
banned in the United States. In 1937, the tax law on marihuana was passed in the
United States.
In 1938, Dr Hofmann, a Swiss chemist, synthesized LSD. Five years later, he acci-
dentally swallowed a small amount of that drug, and noticed the harmful effects that
it had on consciousness.
In 1941, Chiang Kai-shek ordered a total eliminat.ion of poppies, and laws were passed
calling for the death penalty for those who cultivated, manufactured or sold opium.
In *pite of this, it was estimated that there were about 46 millian opium smokers
in China in 1946.
In 1951, according to estimates from the United Nations, there were 200 million mari-
huana smokers in the world, the areas of greatest consumption being: India, Egypt,
North Africa, Mexico and the Unitecl States. Zn 1951., in Canton, China, there was
a public burning of 20,000 pounds of opium, 300 of heroin and hundreds of implements
for smoking opium. During the same year, in southwest China, 37 opium addicts were
er.ecuted.
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In 1955, the Shah of Iran banned the cultivation and use of opium which had been
common in that country for thousands of years. This ban created a flourishing
illegal market. In 1969, the ban was lif ted, ancl opium began to be cultivated
under state control. Over 110,000 individuals received opium from doctors and
pharmacists as "registered addicts."
In 1956, the law to control toxic drugs was passed in the United States. This law
stipulates the death penalty for selling heroin to a person under 18 years of age.
During the 1960`s, in 1966, Sandman, cha irman of the Committee for the Study of
Toxic Drugs, in New Jersey, declared that LSU was the greatest threat facing the
world.
In 1971, Nixon declared that public enemy number one in the United States was the
trafficking and consumption of drugs. In 1972, it was estiraated that there were
approximately 560,000 heroin addicts in the United States alone. In 1972, in
- England, the price af heroin in pharmacies was $0.40 per grain (60 milligrams).
In the United States, the price on the street was from $30 to $90 per grain, or
$0.50 to $1.50 per mi.lligram.
In 1972, Nixon proposed f ederal spending of $600 million to battle the drug problem,
from poppy cultivation to trafficking. In 1973, the Gallup Poll found that 67 percent
of the adults interviewed in the United States considered drug traffickers not to be
human and therefore thought that they should be expelled from society.
Drugs, an ancient and contemporary human tragedy, sharpening the wits of opportunisCs
and clandestine organizations that explo it the weakness of one who is of their own
nature, despicably taking from him his last breath of life in order to have a lucra-
tive business. TIze market technology of drugs.
This situation that we have deseribed is not dissociated from the Mexican authorities,
who have undertaken a permanent campaign in defense of individual health, and also
of social welfare, aimed at eradicating the cultivation, possession and traff icking
of natural drugs. The public institution which is legally responsible for establish-
ing and implementing these campaigns, and for evaluating the results, is the Office
of the Attorney General of the Republic, an entity which engages in its activities
with the backing of the Mexican Army.
Main Drugs Being Pursued Which Are Planted, Cultivated, Harvest and Trafficked in
, Mexico
As we are all aware, our national territory has a great variety of climates, as well
as different geographical features ranging from coastal zones.to high sierras, and
including plateaus and valleys. This has made it possible for certain social groups
to take advantage of such a variety of landscapes to plant., cultivate and harvest
plants which are harmful to public healCh: the crops of plants such as marihuana
' which, by its very nature, can be grown anywhere, even in the wild state; and the
poppy, the cultivation of which requires different types of soil, such as clayey,
sandy, etc. This causes the demand for these plants and their by-products on the
illegal market to produce business with large financial gains.
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rurthermore, the primitive establishment of laboratories to obtain stronger alka-
loiZs than opium, such as morphine and heroin, occure not only in rural areas,
but also in towns which are located close to the areas where the illegal cultivation
is taking place. In addition to this, our country's proxfmity to the largest market
for the consumption of narcotics, stupefacients and dangerous drugs has caused the
establishment of a flow of traffic,., by land, sea and air, using all the tricks,
tools and subterfuges devised by man to destroy man.
- The mechanized systems for detecCing illegal plantations used.by Che Office of the
Attorney General of the Republic are of the electro-opt.ical sensor type. The
sensors are virtually of two types:
a. Photo-optical system
It operates by means of a set of highly sensitive photographic cameras which simul-
taneously photograph a certain area thorugh special filters. The film is exposed
in a laboratory process, and a certain coloration is taken from each film. They
are placed on special tables, and the terrain that has been photographed takes on
various colorations. By means of a preestablished pattern, it is determined which
areas have been planted with poppies or marihuana, in different stages of growth.
The advantages of this system are simple operation and the detection of large areas.
However, there is difficulty in interpreting coloration and laboratory processing,
which takes several days, in addition to the tiwe required for the composition of
photographic mosaics, in order to determine areas and location.
b. Electro-optical system
It operates by means of a magnetic tape recorder set up in an airplane, supplemented
by a signal amplifier and a reflex frequency detector. This system is based on a
spectrographic type which has all the natural elements, represented by wave length
and frequency.
1. The Off ice of the Attorney General of the Republic has overcome by 100 percent
the administrative lag, duri_ng President Lopez PortilZo's 4 years of administration.
2. The drug traffic, insofar as opium poppies and poppies are concerned, has been
curbed in 94 percent of the national territory.
3. The Off ice of the Attorney General of the Republic, in cooperation with the
Defense Secretariat, has destrnyed 152,000 poppy and marihuana plantations covering
an area of 21,000 hectares.
4. In the battle against the drug traffic, the Office.of the Attorney General of the
Republ.ic has destr�oyed 157 large laboratories for converting gum into heroin, during
the present administration.
5. Also destroyed were 583 kilograms of opium, 552 of heroin, 1,971 tons of marihua-
na, 599 of cocaine and 53 million pills.
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6. The most outstanding achievements of the Office of the Attorney General of the
Republic during the current administration are:
a. To humanize the mandate of justice.
b. To destroy 94 percent of the areas planted with drugs.
3. To reform the systems and thereby attain administrative reform aimed at expedi-
tious handling.
4. By means of pertinent changes, to achieve equality before the law for all public
servants, without regard for rank or position.
5. To eliminate 100 percent of the lag which exisP9d in the institution.
Key:
1. Total Plantations Destroyed
2. 1 December 1976 to 30 November 1977
3. 1 December 1977 to 30 November 1978
4. Opium Poppy Plantations Destroyed
5. riarihuana Plantations Destroyed
6. Area in Hectares
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Key:
7. Ptarihuana seized
8. Dry plants (tons)
9. Hashish (kilograms)
10. Seeds (kilograms)
11. Cocaine seized
12. Opium
13. Heron
14. Poppy seeds (kilograms)
.
47
.n.':.
t
' .
~ f
Z . kYti 1 .~`i
1
;�{r,~?.,. a~~t?;~;'..',. . .
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Key: `
15. Toxic pi11s seized
16. Depressants
17. Stimulants
18. Heroin laboratories dismantled
19. Others
i
!
i
~a
~
~
~
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(20) V[NICUL05ASEGURAD0S
TERRESTRES (21) ~i:c
u,z ~r: C
MPMW-
Key:
20. Vehicles seized
21. Land
22. Air
23. Sea
2909
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MEXICO
MARIHUANA TRAFFICKERS RF.LEASED AFTER APPEAL
Charges Denied
Nuevo Laredo EL MANANA in Spanish 23 Oct 80 Sec B p 9
[Text] The nine members of the drug trafficking ring broken up by the Federal Judi-
cial Police a few days ago, from whom 2,620 kilograms of marihuana were seized,
denied the charges brought against them in making their preliminary statement during
an investigation held yesterday morning in the third district court.
They all made their statements in a similaL faGhion, because they were previously
coached by their defenders, claiming that they werL dis5ociated from the drug traffic
and that they had nothing to do with the marihuana shipment seized by the Federal
Judicial Police.
A harsh accusation was made by the Federal Public Ministry agent, Jaime Eugenio Torres
Espinosa against Ramiro Pena Ayala and Jose Martinez Macias; because, although it
had been stated from the outset Chat both were owners of the grass shipment, now it
turns out that they are not connected with that operation.
The two were charged with being presumably guilty of committing a crime against health
in the degree of possession, "based on co-participation."
According to the records which appear in trial 279-980, held in the third district
. court, in the investigation conducted by the Federal Judicial Police, Ramiro Pena
Ayala and Jose Martinez stated that they were arrested while returning from the toll
- booth at kilometer 26, where they had gone to find out whether the customs officials
"were very severe" or whether it would be possible to smuggle some foreign goods.
They confirmed that story yesterday, in making their preliminary statement, in which
they insisted that they were innocent of the charge.
Lack of Evidence Claimed
~
, Nuevo Laredo EL MANANA in Spanish 30 Oct 80 Sec B p S
[Text] Sometime today, the Federal Public Ministry agent, Marcelino Garcia Rizo,
will decide whether or not to file an appeal against the decision handed down by
the third district judge on behalf of Ramiro Pena Ayala, Jose Martinez Macias,
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Francisco Barona Ramirez, Jaime Galarza Gonzalez and Jose Luis Lopez de Leon, who
were released last Friday night when a writ for their release was issued with legal
- reservations, for lack of evidence with which to try them.
When questioned on the matter, Marcelino Garcia said that, as of yesterday, it had
not been decided whether there was agreement or whether an appeal would be filed
against the ,judge's decision, because he had just received the telex sent by the
Of f ice of the Attorney General of the Republic in which he was appointed prosecutor
attached to the third district court.
Garcia Rizo remarked: "Tomorrow, I shall definitely decide on the steps to be taken,
af ter having first studied the records."
In the decision handed down at 1800 hours on Friday, 24 October, the third district
judge, Ricardo Rodriguez Villarreal, stated: "In issued a writ of release with legal
re servations for lack of evidence with which to try those five persons; because in
the proceedings there was never any demonstration of their coparticipation in the
commission ef a crime against healtn in its various degrees."
He said that, therefore, the total lack of information prompted this decision, except
in the case of Simon Mariscal Gonzalez, Tomas Degollado Ramos, Marino Florentino
Diaz and Enrique Sanmiguel Macias, who were ordered to be officially jailed for their
presumed guilt in committlng a crime against health, the first individual in the
de grees of possession and transportation of marihuana, and the others only for pos-
session.
Rodriguez Villarreal added: "They are very different situations, because, while those
I have just mentioned were arrested with the drugs, the others were captured in dif-
Ee rent dissociated locations, in addition to the fact that they were never mentioned
as coparticipants."
No thing Crooked: Aguilar Garza
Upon being interviewed by EL MANANA in connection with the release of Ramiro Pena
P_yala, considered to be one of the czars of the international drug traffic, the coor-
d inator of the campaign against drug trafficking in Zone 11, which includes the states
of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila and Tamaulipas, Carlos Aguilar Garza, said:
" From the time when 2,620 kilograms of marihuana were seized from a truck on which
r hey were being carried tc, the La Esperanza communal farm by the driver Simon Maris-
c al, I supervised the investig,-tion, and give assurance that there was no crooked
- handling during the course anc. results thereof."
He added: "Whether or not Ramiro Pena Ayala is a drug trafficker, on this occasion
nothing was proven against him, and therefore he was released by the judge in the
case,"
Aguilar Garza at all times backed the conduct of Federal Public Ministry agent Jaime
Eugenio TQrres Espinoza, remarking that, "Until his appointment as prosecutor for
T ijuana, his record has been irreproachable wiChout any doubt, and this i.s proven
by the fact that the attorney general appointed him to a position as important as
t he one he currently holds."
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He forcefully criticized the rumors being circulated to the effect that Torres Espi-
noza carri.ed out a"weak, phony" investigation, arguing that ttiese records were based
on convincing evidence obtained during the Federal Judicial Police investigation
period.
Traffickers Freed
Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 26 Oct 80 5ec D p 3
[Excerpts] Ramiro Pena Ayala, described as one of the "brains" of the international
drug traffic and also identified several years ago as a member of the powerful ring
headed by the late Fred Carrasco Gomez, recovered his freedom easily.
Pecia Ayala had been incarcerated in the Social Fehabilitation Center for a few days.
The flimsy investi.gation carried out by the federal prosecutor's office itself opened
the doors of the prison for Ramiro Pena Ayala who, shortly after 2100 hours last Fri-
day, left the local jail after the third district judge, Ricardo Rodriguez Villarreal
issued a writ for his release with legal reservations.
Both the five individuals who were freed and the four who remain subject to trial
were captured by the Federal Judicial Police in connection with a shipment of over 2
tons of marihuana which they were taking to the marshes near the river in order to "
carry it to the United States.
Even though Simon Mariscal Gonzalez confirmed his statement in the third district
court, he had confessed in the federal prosecutor's off ice that the marihuana had
_ come from Minatitlan, and that he was to receive 100,000 pesos in payment for the
transportation, noting that ar, individual whom he identified as Arnulfo Sanchez
had "hired" him to take the drugs to the border.
Others in custody said that a man known as La Loba had hired them to unload marihuana
in the river marshes, and that they were to receive $300 apiece for doing so.
2909
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MEXICO
CTM: UNE[QLOYMENT ADDS TO DRUG ADDICTION
Mexico City METROPOLI de EL DIA in Spanish 20 Oct 80 p 8
[Text] Tlalnepantla, Mexico, 19 October--The uneffiployment in the state of Mexico
(mainly in the periphery o� the Federal District) has been the leading cause of the
80 percent increase in drug addiction, and the inhaling of cement and thinner, among
children from 8 to 15 years old.
This announcement was made by CTM [Confederation of Mexican Workers] leader Miguel
Sanchez Aleman, who added that many young people now become addicted at a very early
age to the toxic substances that are easiest to obtain in the various hardware
stores, such as thinner and cement for sealing shoes. He said that these products
are sold to anyone, and their sale should be banned.
Sanchez Aleman also remarked that the neglect on the part of parents is another fac-
tor of which children take advantage to use toxic substances. As a;.esult of the
foregoing, drug addiction among children is becoming mare extensive each day, includ-
ing children, adolescents and youths.
When the child addict becomes adolescent, and has to resort to another type of drug,
he finds it necessary to steal in order to buy his supply of marihuana or pills,
and then becomes a common criminal.
The leader reported that the locations where there are the largest numbers of drug
addicts are tha La Presa housing developments and the entire eastern section of
Tlalnepantla: E1 Molinito, Los CuarCos, San Lorenzo Tololinga and Loma Colorada, in
Naucalpan; and La Concha, Cristobal Higuera, Lomas de San Lorenzo and Lomas de San
Miguel, Lomas de Guadalupe, Adalfo Lopez Mateos and Alfredo V. Bonfil, in Atizapan.
In these locations, the adolescents and youths gather jn the streets and beg for
moneq to buy cement, pills and thinner; and when somr:one refuses to give them money
they beat him, as a group. ,
Moreover, unemployment is causing many adult residents of the state to emigrate to
the Federal District in search of better opportunities; and, when they do not find
them, they must engage in any kind of job in order to earn what is required to
support their families and themselves.
'1909
CSO: 5330
53
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MEXICO
PFC SEIZES MARIHUANA TRAILER NEAR PUEBLA
Mexico City EXCELSIOR in Spanish 24 Oct 80 Sec D p 7
[Text] Puebla, Puebla, 23 October--The Federal Highway Police seized 15 million pesos
worth of marihuana from a trailer which was traveling along the Tehuacan-Puebla high-
way. The driver of the vehicle, Fernando Mendoza Montoya, stated that the drugs were
being taken to the United States border.
The headquarters of that entity in the state announced that the trailer, with license
plates K-4281, was pursued for several kilometers bv a radio patrol car, because the
driver did not obey the order to stop for inspection.
It was found that the drugs (totaling 4 tons) supposedly belonged to engineer Luis
Roberto Gonzalez, and were being carried from the state of Oaxaca.
' It was also said that the vehicle was the property of a business firm with shops on
Coltongo Street, at an unnumbered address in the Vallejo Industrial Complex, in the
Federal District, where the Judicial Police apparently have already made more arrests.
2909
CSO: 5300
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MEXICO
BRIEFS
MARIHUANA INCINERATED--In the presence of Carlos Aguilar Garza, coordinator of the
agencies of the Federal Public Min3.stry, and other authorities, over 3 tons of mari-
huana were incinerated on grounds located along the national highway, at the site
of the La Querencia farm. A telex message received by Chat coordinating entity,
containing instructions from the attorney general of the nation, Oscar Sanchez,
ordered it to destroy the cannabis indica which had been seized a few days earlier
fram a powerful ring of international traffickers. [Text] [Nuevo Laredo EL DIARIO
DE NUEVO LAREDO in Spanish 22 Oct 80 Sec B p 3] 2909
WANTED TRAFFTCKER CAUGHT--Mexico City, 29 Oct--One of the most wanted drug traf-
fickers, who headed a well organized r.ing and who had managed to escape unharmed
from several shootouts with the policy and the Army, was arresjted by Federal Judicial
Police agents while he was leaving a hotel in Mazatlan, Sinaloa. Jose Contreras
- Zubias, for whom there were six arrest warrants for crimes against health and murder,
had succeeded in escaping from a confrontaCion a few days ago in Nogales, Sonor3,
between his ring and the Army, in which a sergeant and a private were killed.
Subsequently, in another encounter between his group of drug traffickers and the
Nogales municipal police, a crime prevention police officer was killed. Contreras
Zubias had been jailed in Tucson, Arizona, in the U.S., where he was arrested by
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) agents for drug trafficking, and was freed on
bail. On 7 July af this year, he was also arrested for the same crime by the DEA
' in Los Angeles, California, and was released on $75,000 bail. This elusive txaffick-
er was sent to the rehabilitation center in Nogales, Sonora, and is at the disposal
of the second district judge of the district court ir. Culiacan, Sinaloa. [Text]
[Ciudad Juarez EL FRONTERIZO in Spanish 30 Oct 80 Sec E p 31 2909
CHIHUAHUA PLANTATIONS DESTROYED--Forces from the Office of the Attorney General of
the Republic fumigated 127 poppy plantations over an expanse of 86,000 square meters
in 2 days' work carried out in the municipalities of Guadalupe and Calvo, in the
state.of Chihuahua. The announcement was made to EL SOL DE SINALOA by Hector Aviles
Castillo, coordinator for Zone 006 of the permanent campaign against drug traffick-
ing, who commented that 73 of the plantations fumigated last Wednesday contained
plants 70 centimeters tall-, and were therefore -ready for scoring. He also remarked
that, of the area of 55,000 square meters on which those crops were located, the
destruction was more difficult in an area consisting of 35,000 square meters, where
the plants were mingled with corr., because those who did the planting were attempt-
ing to conceal them in this waq. He explained that they had encountered this problem
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in their work on Wednesday, when they toured Sector 75 of the specLal cartography
of the Attorney General's Office, a site located in the settlement of Dolores, in
the municipalit}r mentioned at the beginning. In the municipal capital itself, plan-
tations covering an area of 31,000 square meters were de.stroyed. A total of 53
plantations, with plants between 15 and 30 centimeters tall, were destroyed. [Text]
[Culiacan EL SOL DE SINALOA in Spanish 25 Oct 80 p 4] 2909
CSO: 5330
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-
~
, PANAMA
~
~
BRIEFS
! DRUG TRAFFICKER'S ARRF.ST--Agents of the narcotics section of the Treasury Ministry
arrested Miriam Ribera Banon, a housewife, and Maida Callau Mendez, a student,
both 23-year-old Bolivian citizens, on 20 November for carrying cocaine paste.
They arrived on a Lloyd Boliviano flight from Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Narcotics
agents found plastic bags containing some 2 kg of cocaine paste fastened to their
: legs. The shipment is estimated to be worth approximately $2 million on the
international drug market. [Panama City MATUTINO in Spanish 22 Nov SO p 2A]
ARREST OF NARCOTICS TRAFFICKER--Lucia lnes Recuenco de Rodriguez, a Peruvian citizen,
was arrested on 30 October at Tocumen Airport upon arrival from Lima after it was
~ discovered that she was carrying 2.5 kg of cocaine, valued at $1.5 million. The
' cocaine was hidden under her girdle. [Panama City LA REPUBLICA in Spanish 2 Nov 80
p 1B]
; CSO: 5300
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URUGUAY
WELL-KNOWN DRUG, AMPHETAMINES TRAFFICKER ARRESTED
Montevideo EL PAIS in Spanish 18 Sep 80 p 14
[Text] A drug dealer and thief who has been well known to Narcotics Squad offi-
cers since the beginning o� the 1970's has been arrested, this time by the 15th
Section, and sent to prison by the second trial judge, who charged him with the
crime of "private violence."
Eduardo Cattani Baptista, a 26-year-old Uruguayan, has a record of "using forged
; identif ication documents," "larceny," "trespassing a residence," "use of noxious
drugs," "possession of narcotics" and "dealing in and supplying narcotics."
In late 1973 Cattani Baptista, who had lived at Calle 3 No 5240 in Penarol, was
tried together with a 19-year-old girl after having stolen a whole book of blank
prescr iption forms from the medical office of a mutual benefit association, while
; falsely claiming that they were consulting a doctor.
They used the prescription blanks to forge all their prescriptions and then ob-
, tained psychopharmaceuticals and amphetamines from a downtown pharmacy, which they
! sold to several addicts with whom they were acquainted.
' Furthermore, at that time Cattani had a large number of bottles of pharmaceuticals
' in his home which he intended to send to Brazil. He had undertaken such operations
in the past, earning substantial profits and causing the price of this trade to
rise fivefold in our area.
Later Cattani Baptista uras caught again along with 10 cohorts. He was tried
along with six of them, while the remaining four were given psychiatric treatment.
This t ime the crime was more serious and the illegal operators were involved with
bringing in "cannabis sativa L" seeds which they planted in two small farms--
one in Colon and the other in Pajas Blancas--waiting for the time when the pro-
duct could be sold on the street.
When the hemp had grown to a height of 1.20 meters, the Narcotics Squad raided
these areas, breaking up the whole "business," seizing plants and arresting all
; those implicated not only in the sale of marihuana, but also those dealing in
amphetamines.
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In the present case, Cattani Baptista, who obviously has continued his illicit
activities, took advantage of the fact that a friend of his was drunk to enter
his f riend's home, where he threatened the friend's mother and forced her to
write a receipt which said that she had sold him a s tove, a watch and a bath-
room heating unit. The outlaw intended to use this document to justify his
possession of Chese items.
He was reported to the 15th Section, which arresCed him, following which he
was tried and sent to prison.
9661
CSO: 5300
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Eduudo - Catkani' Bsptiets,

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zRM
RESULTS OF KHORASAN ANTI-ADDICTION CAMPAIGN REVIEWED
;ehran JAVANA2J-E EWiR11Z in Persian 27 Oct 80 pp 22-23
[Article: "A.gents of the Khorasan Anti-addiction Campaign Staff: Fifty Anti-Addiction
Treatment Centers and Hospitals Have Been Established in Khorasan"]
[Text] Acidiction is a ptoblem that has not yet been uprooted in our society. Rumor
has it that the anti-smuggling organizations and treatment cenr_ers have been weakened
in the past few weeks. Smugglers are again gaining control over the situation. They
are introducing large quantities of fairly lowpriced narcotics onto the narket. On
the other hand it has been reported that several treatment centers have closed because
of neglect on the part of their off icials, and those treatment centers that continue
to operate also have problems. We want to call this to the attention of officials
in the Health Ministry, the sheriff's offices and the courts, in order for them to
act at once lest the pains and expense that have thus far gone into the anti-smuggling
campaign and for addict treatment be wasted. Our report this week is from Mashhad
and the Province of Khorasan.
The Start of Khorasan Activities
i In the province of Khorasare an Islamic anti-addiction grcup, working to eure addicts
~ and fight smugg 1ers, has begun extensive activities. Seyyed Abolfazl Bakayan,
~ supervisor of the group, sa:id in a talk with our reporter:
i
! The Islamic an ti-addieion group of Mashhad began its work in Khorasan from 1 Shahrivar
~ 1358 [23 Aug-22 Sep 19791, under the supervision of Ayatollah Seyyed Kazem Mar'aahi.
This group has sections for teaching, guidance, anti-smuggling activities, and
` addict treai:ment. As of 25/1/59 [14 Apr 19801 around 70 people had been hospitalized,
~ quit drugs under the guidance of aides, and resumed life outside the hospital.
~ The group's guidance committee broadcasts a radio program called "The Splendor of
~ Being Set Free" with the help of the brothers at Radio Mashhado This program airs
I difficulties and confusions with the people. We have been successful to a certain
extent in getting out information and printing posters to familiarize the people and
J~ of.ficials with this impotence-causing disaster. Siuce Hojjatoleslam Khalkhali began
~ his work the narcotics problem has been largely resolved. We have placed our energies
1 at the disposal of the Joint Anti-narcotics staff and we have busied ourselves with
, the treatment of addicts. This is sti11 continuing.
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Formation of the Joint Staff
In another portion of his remarks, Bakayan said: The Joint Anti-addiction staff, of
which I am a member and which cooperates fully with the Islamic Anti-addictiongp,
held its first meeting at the provincial capital on 19/4/59 [10 July 1979]. Duing
that meeting, members of the Joint Anti-addiction Staff from all responsible and
revolutionary organizations, including Dr Modarres, elected representatives to the
Central Anti-addioti~he SJoint Anti-addictiondstatat ff, they committees
under the mantle f
1-Treatment and Executive Committee
2-Uisciplinary Committee
3-Supply Committee
4-Promotion Committee
Teams have been sent to the municipalities. Thirty-six treatment centers and 14
hospitals have been established, distributed as follows:
1-In Mashhad, 10 treatment centers and one addicts' hospital
2-In Sabzevar, 9 treatment centers and 1 hospital
3-In Torbat-e Jam, 2 treatment centers and 1 hosp ital
4-In Birjand, 1 treatment center, 1 hospital
S-In Neyshabur, 1 hospital.
6-In Fariman, 1 treatment center, and two teams fram Rehabilitation Crusade
7-In Esfarayen, 1 treatment center and 1 hospital
8-In I'erdows, 1 treatment center
9-In Tayebad, 3 treatment centers and l hospital
10-In Torbat-e Heydariyeh, 1 treatment center and 1 hospital
11-In Shirvan,. 1 treatment center and 1 hospital
_ 12-In Daregaz, 1 treatment center and 1 hospital
13-In Quchan, 2 treatment centers and 2 hospitals
14-In Bojnurd, 3 treatment centers and 2 hospitals
Staff Programs
Hojjatoleslam Safa'i, aupervisor of the revolutionary guards of Khorasan, said at one
of our sessions: Any organ that does not cooperate with the Joint Anti-addiction
Staff or does things that are destructive will answer to the Special Revolutionary
Welfare,
Court. Dr Ja'farzacoo,ra Director
necessary order to pe
Dr E'temadzadeh, agent for the Combined Council Staff and province headquarters
representative, requested more control for the councils over addictnerdMosavinrequested
cured addicts would not be inclined to return again to addition.
addict treatment at the village level and more revolutionary guard involvement in the
anti-addiction campaign.
Sister Setudehfar asked for cooperation between revolutionary groups, government
organizations, and people's forces in the anti-addiction campaign, as well as
assisCance, visits, and care for thefamilies of addicts. She said the problem of
addiction is a social problem, and that everyone must practice self-help and cooperation.
Abolfazl Baka'iyan also pointed out that the RevolutionpLry Council has affirmed a 10
day treatment period for outpatients, except in cases w~ere a physician recommends
hospitalization, and tha.t the period for carrying out t~e plan is 6 months.
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Curing Addicts
During this period we benefited from the mateXial and spiritual assistance of
Ayatollah Seyyed Kazem Mar'ashi. Fortunately, by now we have succeeded in curing a
~ great many addicts. Of course there are also problems with this work. One of them _
is the size of the province and the dispersed arrange-^ent of the cities and villages.
Another problexn is the adjacency of Afghanistan. Yau know that during the fortner
regime most Iranian narcotics smitgglers entered Iran from tha.t country. Another
prablem is that the poppy plant was cultivated in the area itself. The low level
of popular awareness citused the people themselves, who cultivated the poppy, to
extra:. t and use opium.
Now, fortunatel}r, poppy cultivation has been forbidden, and most o� the principal
smuggl.ers have gone to their reward thanks to Mr Khalkhali. We are busy curi.zg addicts, -
- aiLd at the same time we are trying to make the people aware of the consequences of
addiction in the cultural classes we have and over the radio.
4,'hat Do Addicts Say?
' After talking with Seyyed Abolfazl Baka'iyan, we went among tne addicts and talked -
with several of them.
Qne of the addicts, who did not wish to be named, saia:
' I am a 25 year-ald highschool gradua*.e. I have been addicted to heroin for 6 years.
The "pain" i.s obvious, and the "cure" is lmown. It only needs work. Qne step in
curing addicts is the eradication of smugglers and dealers, which has been done to
a considerable extent. Another phase of the cure is pharmz'eutical and psychological,
' and the psychological cure is very important. Once a former addict has recovered
h3s health and returns to society, the ma.tter then rests with the people and his
fauiily, and the way they behave towards him so as not to harm his spirit and per-
sonality. It seems, however, that we have not as yet been able to solve the problem
of society's encounter with the addicta The people must be educated by means of
- publicity, beit !:adio, television, or the press.
You are yourselves journalists. Has it happened yet that a psychologist or socio-
logist who has worked on and researched Iranian society has talked on radio, tele-
vision, or in the press about parent behavior towards children between the periods of
childhood and adolescence, during which a person passes through differing states?
- The reason is that most of our sociologists and psychologists have done their research
and study on Western societies where they went to school. I hope at least you
yourselves, who have psychologists, will begin studies or. parent behavior towards
children, especially adolescents and youths, for in this way there is hope that by
!solving society's primary problem, meaning the family, the problem of addiction and
all other problems will be solved automatically and disappear.
Qpium, Cure for Lumbago!
Mahmud H, anotber addict, 35 years old and a resident of one of the villages around
Mashhad, said:
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I became addicted 16 years ago because of lumbago. Because I began working as a
child, I got lumbago. One of the people of my province told me to smoke opium and
I would be better! I did so, my lumbago was cured, and I continued my addiction until
narcotics became scarce. Then I came to be hospitalized and to quit my addiction.
Addiction Caused by Poppy Cultivation
Hosseyn, a f a=mer, said :
I have been addicted for a long time, because we cultivated poppies ourselves and
- ir. so doing I became addicted. On the other hand, many smugglers passed back and
~ fcrth between here and Afghanistan, and some of them also got the p eople addicted. ~
May God send them to the fires of hell.
In Statistical Language
Af ter speaking with the addicts, we turn to a study of statistics.
Since the beginning of addict treatment and the establishment of treatment centers
and hospitals in Khorasan until now more than 500 addicts have regained their health.
Of course, the people's unawareness has caused a larger ntnnber to be caught in this
net. A number of people also, because of being far away from a physician, have
tvrned to drugs to relieve pain. This is s tragedy whose solution is in the hands
of the doctors who work in the big cities iar economic reasons. They are not even
w illf.ng to come out of the cities at least once a month to go to the villages. God
knows when this division of doctors among the various points in the country will
take place.
_ It is also necessary to mention this point, and I hope the doctors of our country
(of course those conscionable doctors who occasionally visit the villages are in a
different category from the rest) will not be angry with us, but they should
definitely be sent to the villages under compulsion. It is true thaC village
facilities are few, lacking proper roads and communications, but if all our country's
- doctors would go to the villages just as they are with the same ardor and concern of
Albert Schweitzer when he went among the African nativea, many ills could be cured
and a great many unknowns would became lrnown.
I will cut my comments short and move on to the statistics that have come to us from
Khorasan:
Fifty-seven percent relieve physical pain (most of these people, or better still, all
of them, are residents of the villages and small cities, who turn to narcotics, and
especially opium and its residue, out of their ignorance and because of being far
away from a doctor or health facility).
In the same way 16 percent of these people either grew poppies or bought and
sold narcotics. Most of them said they tried it just to taste a delicacy being
offered for sale and then became addicted.
Seven percent had family problems (this gxoup is made up of young people who live in
the province's large cities).
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Psychological problems (failLre at work, in life or study, and being touchy), 9
percent. '
Carousing, feasting and drinking, 3 percent (It is possible both to do good things
with money and to get into deep water and misfortune with it. Wise money management
is an art unto itself).
Unsuitable comparsions, 8 percent.
Just as you have seen in these statistics, most o� the reasons for addiction were to
i relieve pain. It is the task of the doctora of our country to roll up their sleeves
' and go to the villages. Doctors living abroad must return to their country, and
' take the hands of their campatriots and befriend them. Meanwhile, as was pointed out
. in the opening paragraph, officials must heed our ca11 and get moving before it is
too late, for if what we have done so far is undone in the future it is their own
fault an.d not the fault of someone else.
9310
CSO: 5300
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I SRAEL
BRIEFS
HEROIN SEIZED--This week 1 kg of pure heroin worth 1.5 million Israeli shekels
was seized at Ben-Gurion Airport. The drug was discovered hidden in plastic
bags in two pieces of hand luggage being carried by a British citizen
arriving from Turkey. The woman has been living in Israel for 7 years and makes
raany trips abroad, mainly to Turkey. The police suspect her of belonging to a
"Turkish connection" t.hat brings large quantities of hard drugs into Israel.
The police have begun a widescale investigation to find the people who are
smuggling the drugs. [Tel Aviv YEDI'OT AHARONOT in Hebrew 27 Nov 80 p 8 TA]
'CURKISH HEROIN -Yesterday 0.5 kg of pure heroin was seized at the Ben-Gurion
Airport from an inhabitant of Ashdod who was returning from Turkey. This is
the second smuggling attempt this week. The police think that th e two
attempts are a part of the "Turkish connection" which is a smuggling route
from Turkey bringing in drugs to the Israeli market and also to o ther
countries, with Israel serving as an important crossroads on the route.
The police are investigating in an attempt to discover the Ashdod smuggler's
partner in this act. [Tel Aviv YEDI'OT AHARONOT in Hebrew 28 Nov 80 p 4 TA]
CSO: 5300
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FINLAND
POLICE REPORT INCREASEll DRUG ABUSE AMONG YOUTH
Helsinki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 26 Oct 80 pp 1, 24
[Reportage by Nlargi.ta Andergard]
[Text] Narcotics crimes have definitely increased since spring,
police think. For several years youths under 17 had hardly been
seen in connection with narcotics, but suddenly drug users of
15 to 17 years of age are showing u~7 aoain.
At the youth cli.nic of the A[amphetamine] Clinic- Potuidation i.t is considered
that the situation at least is quite different from that during the real epidemic
at the end of the 1960's and the beginning of the 1970's.
There have been some dolorex cases, but otherwise few addicts are seen ]Zere. But
speaking of dolorex, at Hesperia Hospital an expe:riment has been carried out with
serious dolorex addicts.
The aim was to replace hard drugs with* milder ones and thus minimize the harmful
effects, and to keep narcotic addicts away from criminal dealings. At the hospital
it is considered now that the experiment can lbe said to have failed.
Somewhat Gloomier Than in the Spring
/"No, ehe young drug abusers do not seek treatment voluntarily. The more serious
cases should be brought to the hospital by force," says Unto Vuono, chief commis-
sioner and division chief with the criminal police. He says that drug abuse in
general has increased considerably since the spring, and that it is a disturbing
feature that the age limit suddenly seems to have dropped, so that abusers are
now also found among 15 to 17-year-olds./ ,
Ch ief Commissioner Vuono says that it happens now and then that the police take
drug addicts to Hesperia Hospital's detoxification department.
Another thing, too, is that here "clean" addicts are rare; i.e., for the most part
they have gotten the narcotic illegally. That means that they are prosecuted and
wind up in prison. The penalty for narcotics violations range from 2 years' im-
prisonment for slight infractions to IO years for serious violations.
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"T}iere are also certain prisons where narcotics can be gotten very easily," says
Unto Vuono.
tle says that he does not blame the prison personnel in any way; they do their best -
within the limits of their authority.
But their hands are tied by orders from above, from the highest authorities. "
"Under the present system they cannot search prisoners returning from furloughs,
they cannot inspect the contents of packages, and they cannot search guests who
come on visits."
More Concealed Than Formerly
That might be called liberalizing to extremes, says Chief Commissioner Vuono.
Ele says that most narcotic drugs can be obtained now in Helsinki, in spite of the
fact that the selling is being done with more concealment than formerly. Dolorex
has been replacing the other drugs for a long time now, and will be in the lead
for some time to come. Amphetamines are found more rarely. The narcotics police
are afraid that heroin will become conunoner here, too, since reports from Interpol
indicate that illegal preparation of heroin has been introduced on a large scale
both in France and in Italy. There is also cocaine in Sweden, but at such sky-
high prices that the police hope that those prices will frighten the addicts away
from buying it here in Finland. Even amphetamines seem to be too expensive for
our conditions. And heroin is not cheap, either--according to Swedish reports
just one gram costs over 1,500 kronor in Sweden.
Illicit Cultivation
According to Chie� Commissioner Vuono, hash now costs about 6[Finnish] marks a
gram on the street. So it is undoubtedly the drug mast used here at present,
along with dolorex. Recently 18 kg of hash was seized in Paukarlahti.
Another disturbing phenomenon is that in several cases recently youths have grown
cannabis themselves, in crops of varying size, at home in pots or outdoors. Can-
nabis yields marihuana, which is related to hash.
"It is therefore a good idea for parents to take a little notice if children sud-
denly show a great interest in gardening. Such cultivation is a drug violation,
and the punishment can be severe, from 2 years up, so it is nothing to play around
with," says Unto Vuono. _
Mafia in Amsterdam
In any case, for the time being there is quite good success in keeping sumggling -
dotivn. As a result, only relatively small amounts of narcotics are for sale and
they are expensive.
"According tc the Copenhagen police, the Finns play a big part in narcotics vio-
lations there. Of the foreigners, the Swedes are in first place, Finns second,
and Norwegians third."
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Formerly Copenhagen was a center for gangs and criminals who devoted themselves
to the narcotics trade.
"Now the center of gravity has shifted over from Copenhagen to Amsterdam. The
fagade in Amsterdam may look quite smooth, but the reality behind it is not sunny.
They are beginning to get big narcotics problems there. Besides, there is a maffia
_ operating there that is in the hands of people from the Far East, Chinese, Thai."
Chief Commissioner Vuono also points out that narcotics crimes are generally the
biggest reason for foreigners' being deported from Finland, although the reason
is perhaps not a.lways announced to the public.
F[ow Can You Clear Up a Single Case?
"How can you clear up any narcotics violation up there when you are not allowed
to listen in on telephone conversations even when a serious crime is involved?" -
That is what policemen in other countries are always asking Unto Vuono.
11:inland i.s th e only country in Europe where the police are not in a position
to do that. That has to be a political question," says Unto Vuono.
He has studied the system in Sweden, where it is said that the most serious drug
� offenses have often been straightened out precisely through telephone monitoring,
- and no abuses have ever happened.
"This possibility, of course, would only be resorted to in extreme cases--if
necessary, for example, only after a court decision. It would not mean that one
i could begin freely listening to other people's telephone conversations whenever
i one liked."
Chief Commissioner Vuono says that in his opinion the narcotics situation has, in
~ spite of everything, been kept quite stable in recent years. It goes in waves,
and right now it looks somewhat worse again. But it is not at the moment as it
' was from 1969 to 1972, in spite of the fact that drug abuse has increased among
youths.
In 1978 only th.ree youths under 17 were tried in the Helsinki magistrates' courts
for narcotics violations. This year there have been several dozen and more are
pending. Several big hash cases will come up soon in the Helsinki magistrates'
courts.
The problem is more widespread today than before, Unto Vuono says. It is present
in the port cities, in the communes around Helsinki, and now and then even out in
the country, as the case of the hash business in Paukaxlahti shows.
"I am sure that we would seize more drugs if we had a still more effective control.
In Tammerfors [Tampere] , e_ we neverused to have any narcotics violations. Now
the town has become a regular narcotics capital, and crime has begun to show up
~ there as well."
According to some figures tliere are 30,000 to 40,000 drug abusers in the country.
Chief commissioner Vuono says that it is usual to assume that 10 percent of them
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are real addicts. Of those who are convicted of narcotics violations, two thirds
are recidivists.
Experiment With Drug Addicts Aid Not Succeed
/At Hesperia Hospital they have been trying for 5 years to keep 8 dolorex addicts
under "maintenance care." These were very serious cases, older addicts for whom
a deprivation cure was more or less unrealistic./
"Qur objective was to replace morphine with the weaker, not so addictive morphine
derivative methadone and thus 'stabilize' these eight drug addicts," says Bengt
IVickstrom, head physician of the Hesperia Hospital outpatient clinic.
"['Ile objective was thus to replace hard drugs with milder ones and minimize the
negati.ve effects.
Tiie eight tliat took part in the experiment were cases whose prognosis was quite
unfavorable, 1Vickstrom says.
4 Tiley came in daily to get their methadone.
"But if we judge by what oiir criteria for the experiment were, that the daily dose
of inethadone would keep them out of the criminal drug trade, it seems to us here
that the experiment has failed.
"The majority of the persons in the group have not been able to restrain themselves
from contiilued criminal dealings, even though they should have gotten a dose at
ttle hospital that was sufficient for themselves.
"Personally I am still not in favor of inethadone treatment after this experiment.
Our line here at the hospital is that we are not continuing the treatment. It
may be fine in theoz�y, but in practice it is very hard to carry out," says }iead
pliysician Wickstrom.
f)rug Prescriptions To Go to hledical Board
/From the beginning of next year the medical board plans to introduce a system
that wi11 catch drug abusers and also doctors tha t prescribe overdoses like fish
in a net.
The intention is that the pharmacies shall begin systematically sending in all drug
prescriptions to the medical board. The check will also be extended backward for
a year, i.e. for all of 1980./
This thus concerns the drug abusers who try to get their drugs through physicians
and pharmacies.
Antti Marttila, pharmaceutical consultant with the medical board, says that up to
now it has been impossible to keep track of all prescriptions consistently because
the resources needed for that were not available. Samplings were done and
prescriptions called in where necessary, as was done, �or example, in the dolorex
affair, as far back as 1976.
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T}ie Tiew system would make a systematic check possible.. All drug prescriptions
would b% sorted and fed into a computer. It would be possible to find what persons
got too large doses of narcotics and also what doctor or doctors prescribed those
doses.
Suspicious cases would be investigated.
, What would be done with the drug abusers?
~ "Another question we are considering right now is whether mai.ntenance treatment
is to be recommended or not."
i A study group is working on that at the medical board and investigating it as best
it can.
~ The experiment at Hesperia Hospital with methadone patients is also a part of the
study.
Antti Marttila does not consider that the result of the Hesperia experiment was
entirely negative. Besides, it was such a small group that it is difficult to
draw conclusions on the basis of that experiment alone.
Did Not Apply for Compensation
lVhy has the aolorex mess not s}town up earlier among the problems with which the
old age pension service and the health insurance bureaus are concerned? They
ilave a system that makes it possible to find drug abusers, and in certain cases
they send out lists to physicians.
"Well, it is only if those who get the prescriptions filled also want to get com-
pensation that thc prescription is sent to the health insurance bureau," says
Antti Marttila.
And, as the dolorex case stiows, the overwhelming majority of drug offenders have
been smart enough not to do that. And so they have not been caught in the health
insurance computer net.
Qut if the medical board's plans become a reality, from next year on it will not
be so easy to form narcotics groups of the same kind as that revealed by the
dolorex affair.
The medical board's control would apply only to narcotic preparations, not to other
medicines.
Investigation of Suspects
"The main responsibility for control of the use of inedicines still lies with the
medical board and not with us," says Risto Lumento, department head with the old
age pension system. fie is in c}iarge of the computer system there and says that
the comptiters are not programned in such a way th at they can find drug abusers.
"But since the law says that compensation should not be paid out for misuse of
medicines,'there should be a check on that."
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That check is still done manually for the most part, so that at the local health
insurance offices information is gathered by various systems on persons who, for
example, get compensation several times in the course of a month.
If somebody smells a rat and suspects some kind of abuse, the physician treating
the case is contacted. ;
"But the real drug addicts generally stay entirely outside of that system," says ;
department head Lumento.
1'outh Clinic: Some Dolorex Cases, but No Longer an Epidemic
/"Last winter we had a few young dolorex abusers here. But otherwise we have not
seen too many real drug addicts here the last few years. Ninety-nir.e percent of those that use anything are "mixed" users. They use alcohol, medicines, sometimes
both, sometimes some narcotic substance. But the situation here is quite di.fferent
from what it was when we had the real epidemic at the end of the 1960's and beginning
of the 1970's," says Betty Konstary, social therapist at the A-Clinic Foundation's
youth clinic at Sanduddsgatan S, Helsinki,/
''The really hard drug addicts, who use morphine and heroin, have for the most part
gone to the dolorex doctors in recent years, and they are often older drug users.
"rlnd those who use hash and marihuana or sometimes experiment with that usually
do not show up here. People come here of their own free will, when they recog-
nize that the only way out is to ask for help from somebody that wants to help.
- "'I'he few drug addicts that we do see here bear witness in any case that younger
people who are not acquainted with the clandestine selling places are unlikely to
run across narcotics in tlie street trade as they used to do. Drugs are found
there only occasionally, and at a very high price."
Betty Konstari Honders, and a number of other social workers and physicians with
}iGT, w}iy the dolorex mess did not come to li;ht earlier. She has seen that the
health insurance bureaus in certain cases send out lists of drug abusers; by all
indications their data banks lzave in certain cases been able to find these drug
abusers and their doctors. lVhy has it not been possible to do that systematically?
Last spring there was a girl at the youth clinic, a dolorex case that was really
in a very bad way.
Dolorex is a morphine, after all, and can very quickly lead to a mental and phys-
ical dependence that also gives rise to frightful withdrawal symptoms; the user
is plagued with restlessness, can hardly sit still, and often has severe physical
pain in addition.
At tile youth clinic they at least draw a sigh of relief that the hippie period
is over. It was the hippie culture th at came in at the end of the 1960's with an
- epidemic-like narcotics abuse in its wake; it was mostly hash that was used, but
also stronger substances--amphetamines, LSD, and other very dangerous narcotics.
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"'f1icre was also a great deal that was positive in the hippie culture; it spoke
for peace aiici nonviolence. f3ut it was also a passivistic philosophy, emphasizing
meditation--and it was here that drugs came into the picture; it was thought that
tlicy would help people to spiritual quiet and clarity. In contrast to alcohol,
which first of all makes people active, but may also easily arouse aggressions,"
, says Betty Konstari.
"'Che youth groups that exist now--'deanare,' 'the teddy,I "the hamy,' 'punkkareI
--do not use narcotics. 'I`hey are negatively disposed toward ttiem; at most they
approve a little beer and wine. Among them drugs are not 'in' at all."
Onc fa(l that the N�oung people scem to have gotten largely the wrong way around is
the karate and judo courses that are so popular now, according to Betty Konstari
and Rosa Kjellberg, who is a youth worker at the emergency station.
'I'hey feel that these courses in all too many cases arouse an aggressiveness in the
youths that they caiinot overcome afterwards.
"They learn the holds but do not understand the philosophy, which is that those
arts are to be used only for self-defense and the like, and abselutely not to at-
tack anyone. "T'hey alsa like to show what they have learned. lfiis often results in kicks and
blows and in attacks on innocent passersby on the street, for example.
"b1an), of the youtlls that come to the youth clinic have no alcohol or drug problems
at ail. Some come iiere entirely on their own to talk about difficulties of vari- -
ous kinds; othershave had psychiatric treatment and get follow-up treatment here -
or are sent here by teen-age clinics."
Betty Konstari says tliat during her time at the clinic she has seen the aptness
of the old observation that it is the youths that have received a heavy blow in
some way, most often in t}ie home, that run the risk of becoming abusers of nar-
cotics, of alcohol, of tranquilizers. It may be conditions of poverty, disturb-
ing divorces, a death--there is always something there. There are many who ex-
periment but do not find that they get any benefit from or have any need of this
or that drug.
"The parents also serve as a model. They may be under stress, overwhelmed with -
demands from outside. They may perhaps lose in bouts with evening drinking, sleep-
iilg pills, pain pills. 'I'llis can become a pattern that is taken over by the chil-
dren," says Betty Konstari.
! 8815
! CSO: 5300
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GREECE
UPSUHGh; IN I2d PEiIT)LING R:~.PORTLD
ALheia.s r,r"IYJIFA in Greek 6-12 iJov 80 pp 59, 62
es,
Article by Ilias I'Lalatos : "Heroin Is $ei.ng Sold on Sa.dewalk.s ~..!7
,Text/ Narcotics are alreac~y a nationa7. dan~er to our country. ''his is the
conclusion the security authorities have rer~Qhod S'olloxing a comprehsnsive stucy
of the various data obtained mainl,y from marW narcotics smugglers and drug addicts
arrested cturing the past 10 manths. In addition to the3e data, security suthoriti
especially anti-narcotic ones, have been flooded fox ^~Qar~ mor~ths nox xi.th informa-
tion from nlestern countries Which warns of the mortal danger involved in the spread
of varioua narcotice.
But in countries of the Eastern bioc also the S03 ie heard about the danL,7er of
narcotics. The aecurity authorities in these countries have so intensified their
border-post inspections that they do not hesitate at all to litera113- stri.p
automobiles as they pass through. F'or our countrS the situation caused by narcotics smuggling is particularly
dangerous. lhe authorities have ascertained that since ear],Y this year Turkey
has been supp]ying the whole r`uropean "market" with heroin, the most dangerous of
narcotics, while our country, because of its proximity to Turkey, has become the
easiest tsrget of the various smugglers of the sloH death.
It has been observed that of the total volume of narcotics seized by our police
in the past 10 months, 80 percent represented heroin and only 20 percent hashish.
The situation is so dangerous that an officer of the Athens anti-narcotics section
has pointed out indicatively that adulterated heroin can now be sold on sidewalks
and that: "'Phe use of such adulterated heroin leads to instantaneous death..."
~ xeroin is imported to our countzy from Tu.rkey and is knowm under the name "Kafetia."
~ Until recently it aas Thailand, Pakis tan, and India Which supplied lkrope and the
United States with heroin. But the situation has changed with the appearance of
; the "Kafetia" from Turkey. In the past 3 years `rurketi has become the source of
; this hard narcotic. It has flooded Lurope wi.th hexoin to such an extent that a
' month ago the German police dispatched to Caeece an officer who collaborated
; clo3e.ltiy with his colleagues here on this serious matter. The German made known his
; fears about the heroin danger in his country and pointed out that Garmary ia facing
; a problem in heroin smuggliny
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Last week, on- the other hand, a French Llacy/ Jurist specially trained in narcotics
and anti-narcotic methods arrived in Athens and collaborat,c3d with the suburban anti-
narcotics authorities. -3he, too,, has pointed out that France also faces the
problem of heroin smuggling.
The fact is characteristic that thia French Jurist, who i8 an investigating
magistrate in Psris, watched the officers of the suburban security in an operation
for the arrest of narcotics smugglers and add3cts. She participated in the opera-
tion at Exarkheia Square Where, as is lmovn, four smugglers were arrested while a
fifth one escaped handcuffed.
HecentJ,y the police of 'vlest European countries have been seeking the cooperation
of tha Greek anti�-narcotics authorities. A weak aspect from the Greek point of
viex is the fact that fin Greec] no single agent exists which is strictly occupied
with narcotics. 5`uch is not the case in aay other Lastern or Idestern countryl
Thus, not only is it not possible to gather information or data on narcotica for
procassing by a"staff office" but even the very policing of the violations is not
done in an orthodox waa.
7t is for this reason that one observes the disheartening phenomenon whereby the
gendarmery carries out an operation in a section under the jurisdiction of the
police and vice versa. One does not have to be an expert to uuderstand hov
ne~ative this Greek phenomenon becomea in coping with the whole problem.
But it is not only the gendarmery or the Cities Police who are occupied with
narcotics. 'i'he customs inspectors are in tha front lins of the battle against
narcotics. So are the port police, the jur3sts who are daily asked to tsy the
c.riminals of thie type, the teachers who see with anguish thg "sma11 pi11s" in
some of the students' school bags, the doctors Who so oYten deal with the tragic
cases of addicts. How can all these be synchronized? Who should update whom
on the dangers our country faces? vlhich single agent riill the military doctors
cooperate with concerning recruits who are addicts? The Way the anti-narcotics
effort ia organized in our country lets only the gendarmery and the Cities �olice
do the dirty work.
In the meantime, the problem has become n,ational. Tarkey openly supplies our
country with narcotics. The poppy is legall,y cultivated thare. The groWers give
- a small quantity to the Turkish monopo],y and keep the "lion's share" which they
sell on the open market. The "experts" then make opium, rnorphine, and heroin by
processing the morphine. The police in Turkey are occupied with the xave of
political violence tt-iere, thus leaving the smugglers free to flourish with the
purchase and sale of heroi.n. They buy pure heroin in 1'urkey at 300 drachmas per
gram and sell it in Greece and other Western countries at 10.,000 dractmas per
gram, in adulterated form, moreover.. d They mix heroin with various substances
such as lactose in 1:5 ratio. They thus become rich with amazing facilitywhile
the addicts suffer internal injuries with the vary first use of the substance.
There 3s no chance for one who fa11s into the net of the smugglers to be saved
from death. Unfortunat.el,q, 80 percent of the Zroung people srrested are heroin
adclicts and "pill" maniacs while the reriaining 20 percent are heshish addicta.
It is easy for the smugglers to transport heroin because of its sma11 voluma
compared to other narcotics. They transport it by conceali.ng it in secret parts of
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i male and female bodies. The S~redish voman, Ann Katrin Malgist, 25- xho vas
arreated a fex days ago xhile acting as a lookout outside a pharmacy on Thivai
' Avenue xhich xas broken into by her friend Evangelos Rhr. Papakhristos or Iasonidis,
28--Was carrsTing a small 100-gram opiwn phial in hsr genitalia: And, Papakhristos,,
! to destroy arW evidence xhen arrested by suburban police, avallawed a sufx'icient
quantity of cocaine and riox lies in aerious condition in a hospital bed.
~
; At the "drug den" of 125 Petra 5treet in golonos the police arrested, among others,
, Andonia Khr. 3imaioforidou, 34, xho had a specisl xeakness for the comparw of teen-
agers. Three yeara ago she met in a motion picture thester Al.eka A.- Who today is
; just about 20--and using narcotics and ses lured her into becoming an "aperstor."
Andonia used Aleka to lure youngsters almo~t in their teens, to the nden" where
they could find narcotics and Women 2~j teatzrs a day: "Victor.." the p3rson who
supplies the den with narcotics, is still at large and oonsidered one of the
most dangerous smugglers of Turkish heroin. The aathorities Wsrn that the danger
of heroin import.q from 11u�key has beCwme national. They themselves raise the
dilemma: Who can answer with a categorical "yee" or "no" if this narcotics
, smuggling from Turkey- to our country in particular is not part of a"special
operation," given the fact that the relations betiueen the tvo countries are
' strained most of the time?
, 7520
cso :5300
;
~
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SWEDEN
STOCKHGLM COURT SENThfi1CES MEMBERS OF THAI HEROIN GANG
Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 11 Oct 80 p 3
[Article by Clases von Hofsten]
[Text] Seven of the members of the Thai heroin gang which was unmasked in
Stockholm were sentenced on Thursday. Together they received 32 years' imprisonment.
In addition, six were deported for life.
The 26-year old Verapol Tansuhaj of Sigtuna recei.ved the longest penalty. He
was sentenced to 8�:ears' imprisonment plus life-time deporta ion for dealing in
2 to 2 1/2 kilos of heroin. In addition he is to pay damages of 800.,000 kr to
the Swedish state.
That sum corresponds Co what Cl1e Stockholm district court calculates he earned
in ttie narcotic business. The quantity of heroin he sold was worth several
million kr on the illegal narcotic market.
Picka Nuangsri, 27 years old, from Uppsala, was sentenced to 6 years' imprisonment
and deportation for having dealt with at least a kilo of heroin.
In addition, 4 Thai, 3 of them women, were sentenced to prison for between
2 1/2 and 4 years for serious narcotic crimes. A 29-year old Swede from Stockholm
was sentenced to prison for 3 1/2 years, plus 50,000 l;r in damages, for his
participation in the sales.
The gang received and sold heroin which couriers smuggled from Thailand to Sweden.
The two individuals who organized the whole show are in Bangkok and are, according
to reports, still at large.
Arres ted AC Ar landa
The police got wind of the activity last fall. After several mociths investigation,
rhe police betieved the time was ripe for action in April this year. It took
place at Arlanda. A Thai couple were about to fly hame to Thailand after a short
visit in Stockholiti. The police found 150,000 kr in cash in a package which was
supposed to give the impression of containing toys.
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The husband has in the c ourse of the investigation given several explanations
tor having the money. One time he atated that if he were to confess that he
and his wiEe had smuggled heroin in to Sweden, several people in Sweden and
Thailand would be caught. Hence, he denied it. On another occasion he confessed,
but during the trial he again denied the crime.
In its sentence ttie district court, among other things, pointed to the difficulty
in determining the guilt of the different individuals. It involved primarily
the w omen involved. The court did not want to exclude the fact that women from
Thailand and Asia in general are so submissive that they carry out without
tiesitation tasks assigned to them withoiit being infornied regarding the significance
of the task and without the right to check out the matter.
DifPicult To Judge
Intent to commit a crime is consequently difficult to determine. But in the case
in question, the court, however, established that, in regard to two of the women,
it is inconceivable that tlley did not realize the significance of their acts.
In regard to the third woman, the court is of the opinion that she must have
realized so;nething concerning the real purpose of her trip when she was told
to ch an;e shoes while on the way to the airport in Bangkok. The heroin was smuggled
into Sweden in hollowed-out platform shoes.
The c ourt also observed that even if the general preventive effect in Thailand
oE Long prison setitences for these Thais is neglible, one tnust not ignore the
risk that many other people would try to smuggle heroin into Sweden if those now
found guilty were to get off too easy.
6893
CSO: 5300
-4
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SWEDEN
BRIEFS
, I AMPHETATIINE FACTORY RAIDED--Stockholm, 6 Nov--A service firm on Bergsgatan in
~ 5tocktiulm (not far �rom the headquarters of the police) has been for quite a long
time a disguised center f or manufacturing amphetamine. Narcotic investigators
_ for the state criminal police, who have had the location under surveillance for
several months, struck 1 day last week. A liter of amphetamine in liquid form
and in final powder coas confiscated. For a long time [nerve] stimulating drugs
; have been scarce on the marcotic market in Stockholm. Small quantities of
, amphetamine have been confiscated and analyzed at the State Criminal Technical
' Laboratory (SKL) in Kingoping. The evidence indicated that the narcotic originated
~ in a single domestic distillery. Two men and a woman were apprehended during the
police raid last week. One of the men manages the firm. It included four rooms.
The distillery was carefully camoufla;ge d in the innermost room. Production
has been going on for several months. The main individual denies that any sales
~ have taken place. He says that he produced the narcotic for his oran use. [Text]
[SCockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 6 Nov 80 p 32] 6893
DRUGS GANG'S COURIERS ARRESTED--Stockholm, 6 Nov--An international narcotic gang
; with ramifications in Sweden has been broken up by the Canadian policL. Ten persons
' are under arrest in Canada. Others have been apprehended in Austria where the
; gang has its base. It has not yet been ascertained how large quant-ities of
i narcotics--above all, Libyan cannabis--has been smuggled into Europe, but it may
i involve hundreds of kilos. T~ao of the g3ng's couriers, two Swedes, were appre-
~ hendea last week. One of them has been taken into the custody of the Stockholm
district court and confessed that he has received and sold large quantities.
According to prosecutor Per Rosvall, the man has up to now admitted selling about
70 kilos of cannabis for roughly 1 million kr. It is likely that the affair will
~ be furrher expanded. The other suspected Swede denies everything. He will be
~ brought before the arresting judge on Friday. In connection with the investigation
a third person came into the picture. 7.'hat person had a small quanfiity of cocaine
~ in his possession. The police suspect that he for his part has been a bootlegger
for a cocaina gan- in Stockholm. [Text] [3tockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish
i 6 Nov 80 p 32] 6893
' POLICE SEIZE HEROIN--Stockholm, 7 Nov--During a routine check at the customs station
at the terminal for the hydroplane boats in MLlmo last week a young man was searched.
He had been in Copenhagen for a few days. The only iiand baggage he has was a
' daily newspaper. The man sai.d he was unemployed and that the 4,000 kr he had
were old savings. The man was allowed to pass through but was put under surveillance.
j The customs police shadowed him 2 days later to Sturups Airport. He bought a
_ i 78 i
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une-way air ticket to Arlanda. 'I'he custome people there were informed, The man
left the airplane in the canpany of a Dutch waman. 1fie customs people noted
lhat the man was quite attentive Cowards the woman the whole time, and when they
passed the green screen, they were taken aside for a search. The woman was
disc losed as having a condom containing 100 grams of heroin, worth 300,000 kr on
the narcotic market. The police suspect that the woman after visiting the restroom
at the airport would have handed uver the narcotics to the man. It has now been
demanded that both be arrested. (Text) [Stockholm DAGENS NYHETLP. in Swedish
7 Nov80 p9]
kIEROIN 5iMUGGLERS SENTENCED--Stockholm, 5 Nov--Tao men, 28 and 27 years old, were
sentenced on Tuesday by the Stockholm district court to 9 and 6 years imprisonment,
respectively for among other things serious narcotic crimes. They were the
chief figures in a gang which since 1978 until May of this year smuggled in 6.5
ki11s of heroin into Sweden Erom the so-called Golden Triangle in the Middle
Eas t. There were 10 people in the gang. Most of them were couriers and together
made some 10 smuggling trips between Stocktiolm and Bangkok. All were setitenced
to se�eral years imprisonment. The 28-year old leader was sentenced despite his
denial, while his closest collaborato-- confessed that he had smuggled in and
sold 2.5 kilos of heroin. In most of the smuggling incinents, the narcotics
were hidden in platform shoes. The gang was exposed in April this year. A
h usband arid wife were stopped at the customs at Arlanda. They had 150,000 kr on
- their persons and were on the way to Bangkok. The money was part payment for a
large shipment of heroin. [Text] [Stockholm UAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 5 Nov 80 p 101
' 6893
MILD NEROIN TRAFFICKING SENTENCE--Stockholm, 2 Nov --A 23-year old resident of
Gavle was sentenced on Thursday by the Gavle district court for a serious narcotic
crime, even if he had never sold any narcotics. The court was, however, of the
opinion that he had acted in such a very amateur way in his efforts to dispose
af a quantity of heroin that he received only 2 months' imprisornnent, although
the miriimuLn punishment for such a crime is 1 year. The Gavle resident was working
at the Gavl , hospital last spring when the police were going to destroy confiscatzd
her.oin in the hospital's kiln. Some of the heroin ended up outside the kiln. The
~ Gavle resident took and tried to se11 it. But he did not succeed. In part
he was not known in narcotic circles, and in part he lowered the price so drastically
that prospective customers thought it was too cheap. When de did not succeed,
he burned up the heroin in the hospital's kiln. It was still a serious narcotic
crime, according to the court, because Lieroin is a deadly poison. Since the
offense appears to be casual, the course of action cannot be regarded as pre-
meditated, and since a longer term of imprisonment would be devastating for the
- 23-year old, he got off with 2 months' imprisonment and probation. [Text] [Stockholm
DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 2 N ov 80 p 411 6893
CSO: 5300
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UNITED KINGDOM
BRIEFS
CAI''NABIS SF.IZED-�-'Ifao men were assisting police last night after the discovery of
r~dnnabis worth more than 1,300,000 pounds at Grangetown, Teesside. The drug was
imported in 168 Guinness barrels in a Nigerian ship. Lorry drivers moving them
into a warehouse for shipment later to Ireland noticed they were being followed
by a yellow car, and called the police. [Text] [London THE DAILY TELEGRAPH in
English 14 Nov 80 p lJ
CSO: 5320
END
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