JPRS ID: 9485 JAPAN REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300070020-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 57
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 20
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9485
14 January 1981
Japan Report
(FOUO 2/81)
LFF~BHS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SFRV�ICE
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
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JPRS L/9485
14 January 1983.
JAPAN REPORT
(FOUO 2/81)
CONTENTS
ECONOMIC
_ Reportage on Volkswagen, Nissan Tie Up 1
�.~~~~~~o~~~o~~~~~~o~~~~o~~�
(V3Z'1011S SOLLL'CBS, 48Y'1011S dates)
Agreement Covers Passenger Cars
lEndless Corporation War'
Fxport-Tmport Effects, Editorial
U.S. Interest
Stable Trade Relations F.xpected, by Kentaro Koshiba
French Reaction
Feasibility Studies Start
Industry Reorganization Seen
Mideast, Latin American Markets
Nissan-Alfa Maxriage Brings Hopes for Both Sides
(Roy Harry;.THE DAILY YCHIIURI, 9 Dec 80) 00000000000090000000 13
SCIENCE AND TECHNOI,OGY
Microwave Landing System Described
;TECHNOCRAT, Oct 80) ......o.ooo.o.....o...........~o........ 14
Solidification Process for Radioactive Wa.stes Utilizing Hot-Press
~ Sintering
- (TECHNOCRAT, Oct 80) .....oa.....,,.......o...ooo.oa.......... 16
Production of Assembly-Line ftobcts Accelerated
(NIKKAN ROGYO SHIlMBUN, 4Dec 80) .,...~.ooo...o.o....�.�~~���� 19
Flexible Zaser Manufacturing Syste:n for- Rationalization of Large
Variety/Small Lot Froduction
(BUSINESS JAPAN, Nov 80) .....oo.oo�.���������~~���~���~~~��� 21
Model Plant for Hot Water 2`ransport System Completed
(TECxNOCRAT, oct 80) ............o.......ooooo.�oo������.o��� 23
a _ (III - ASIA - 111 FOUO]
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Fox uFr'lCtA.. u5k, vaLz
Non-Inductive Element Aluminum Electrolytic Consenser Described
(TECHNt1CRAT, Oct 80) .......o.......o...��������a�.�.�����
Science, Technology Agency Publishes iWhite Book'
(TECHNOCRAT, Oct 80) ....................a.o...o.oo�������
System To Produce Hydrogen Energy From Natural Energy
(TECHNOCRAT, Oct 80) ..........o....o.o...o�o�����o�eO�.��
Agrici.lture Ministry Biomass Development Programs Described
(TECHNOGRAT, Oct 80) ...................oo......ooo�������
Ten-Year Study
Algae Cultivation
Briefs
Hydraulic Turbine Power Generation
Coal Gasification
Saga University Experiment
Coal Gasification Experiment Facility
COM Power Generation
Economical Solar Heat Collector
Long Operating I,WR's
Mirror-Type Nuclear Fusion
Uranium Prospecting Dea1
Mixed Conversion Facility
Energy From Sewage Sludge
F'luidized-Bed Boiler Test Plant
Precision Machining System
New Machi:.e Tool Plant
Demands for Machine Tools
I,arge Machine Tool Production
Energy Saving Electro-Discharge Machine
Expanded Car Battery
Fuel-Efficient Automatic Transmission
Transportation Firms Improve Facilities
Flywheel-Trpe Electric Power Accumulator
Marine-Use Absorption Chiller
LSI for Speech Synthesizing System
Matrix Type Probe Card
Single BGO Crystal
Amorphous-Silicon Solar Cell
Optical Magnetic-IJisk Memory
DIPS Based OS Completed
Multi-Component Optical Glass Fiber
Future Conmiunications City Project
Fourth NTT I,aboratory
W Combination Electron Tuner
Power-Saving Screen
System f.on International Telex
Informat:w-In Cormnunication Svstem
New Program Language DF-COBOL
25
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3?
3?
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MITI About To Develop Complex Software
Computers Sales Abroad
MITI Project
Magnetic I}isk Drive
Silicon Carbide Binding Technology
Fiber Reinforced Ceramics
Electricity From Gaxbage Incineration
Insulation From Sludge
Foams From Industrial Wastes
Oceanic Power Generation
Biomass Energy Collection Plant
Marine-Uranium Collector
Ultrasonic Submarine IJirection Fincling
Electricity From Wave Force
-c-
Zl7
47
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. 4$
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ECONOMIC
REPORTAGE ON VOLKSWAGEN, NISSAN TIE UP
Agreement Covers Passenger Cars
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 4 Dec 80 p 1
[Article: "Aolkswagen, Nissan Tie Up"]
[Text]
't'ne world's fourth largest automaker, Nissan Motor Co. of
Japan, and West Germany's largest automaker Volkswagenwerk
A.G., reached basic agreement Wednesday on a woridwide tie-up,
Nissan President Takashi Ishihara announced. The tie-up includes,
besides the two companies, Fuji Heavy Industries in the tV'issan
group and Audi NSU Auto Union A.G. in the Volkswagen group.
The aRreement covers the
productioa �(production on
commission) ' of inedium�size'
passenger cars - either Audi or
T~~ -UeW ~have a
Atcer me Jomt press meecing
Passart - in Japan as well'as.
Sreat lmpact on tbe American
on the morning o[ Nov,19, VW
auto pcoductlon tn the United
- aatomotive Industry which has
Chairman Toai Sehmucker
Sfates. Nissaa and Voikswagen
beea troubled by ever-
called � on Nissan President
are to work oat the details of the
increasing impocts of Japanese-
Ishihara at Nissan head-
tie-up agreement by June next
made automobiles.
quarters Ia the Ginza and made
year by setting up a project
The agreement, which was -
the tie-up pmposal. The ensuing
team.
readhed amid the iniensifying
negotiations culminated in the
The details include such
"world automotive war," rvi11
basic agreement 9Vednesday. �
points as production model and
inevitably accelerate a global
T h e t i e - u p c o v e r s
volume in Japan, the plant site,
in the automobile
technological development,
and cooperation oukside Japan.
industr9�
production, sales, technological
But cooperation in terms of
The negotiations between
cross-licensing and ather fields.
'
capital will not be coasidered
1Vissan and VW st2rted at the
The most important point is the
"for the time being," - said
time of the talks between the
p~ttiOnofVWcarsinJapan.
Nissan President Ishihara at a
Japanese and European
Annual Producfion Is ex-
000 to
P~ted to range from 100
press conterence, while an-
'
automotive industries in Tokyo
,
000 units
The Groduction
200
nouncing his company
s tie-up
Nov.18 and 19.
,
�
site is likely to be Nissan's
with volkswagen
The overall tie-up between
Kyushu plant in Fukuoka
Nissan and VW is aimed to
Prefecture which is partly idle,
coatribute largely to resolving
Another prospective plant site.
the automotive trade friction
is one oE Fuji Heavy IadustriesO
between Japan and the
plantsintheKaatoPlain.
EuropEan -Economis Cora-
The prodtictt0p ste'up Is
munitv.-
1
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eux ur'r.Lt;lai, u5r: UNLY
anticipated to be after the iali of
1983. The plant is currenitly
producing one�ton pickup
trucks for sa(e at home and
abroad, the U.S. in particular.
The majur portion of Yissan's
pickup truck productioa is to be
shifted to the Tennessee plaiit in
the fall of 1983. Nissan is to start
construction of the Tennessee
plant soon.
g Co., the sole importer-
distributor of V�' cars in Japan,
Ri11 be left entire]}, to l%olks-
wagenwerk.
Ishiha: a quc'ed VW Chair-
man Schmucker as saying at
the Nov. 19 meeting that VW
aas fully satisfied with
Yanase's periormance. But
Ishihara added that Yanase's
VIK car sales were not large
enough to justify local
production, aad that now
Nissan was going to produce
VW cars here it would have to
play a big role in sales. He also
said a portion of production
would be exported.
Since the tie-up also covers
production outside Japan;
production in the U.S. is also
being considered.
Nissan's Tennessee plant site
will be big enough to ac-
commodate its pickup
assemblv plant as well as a
passenger car plant with
Volkswagen, to meet U.S.
governmental and labor
demands for the production of
passenger cars in ihe'U:S. '
Nissan� had previousl-y
rejected such demands as being
unviable. . '
The Nissan-VW tie-up
materialized out ut the common
desire to maintain thelr existing
superiority over other manu-
.fac`.urers. -
Since We two automakers
decided to combine on their own
long-term strategies, the tie-up
differentiates from the on-going
negotiations for production in
the L'.S. between Toyota and
Ford. The Toyota-Ford talks
u�ere being started with the aim
of helping to resolve the Japan.
U.S. trade friction. Therefore,
the Nissan-VW tie-up will
inevitably bave a much greater
impact on other automakers
around the world.
Volkswagenwerh outstrips
other automakers in Europe in
technology, scale aad capital.
Britain's BL Ltd., France's
Regie Renault, and Italy's Fiat
Auto S.P.A. are nn a long-term
downtrend and often enlist state
assistance.
Talks With Fuji
- Ishihara said in the press
conference- that Volks-
wagenwerk is keenly interested
in the Subaru automobiles being
_ produced by Fuji Heavy In-
dustries. Fuji Heavv Iadustries
is producing small unique front-
wheel drive passenger cars
including a50cc mini cars and
small commercial vehicles.
The Nissan president said
that talks w�ill begin with Fuji
_ Heaw Induslries on kIV ca:
production in Japan as soon as
possible. Nissan and Fuji
Heaw Industries have bPen
maintaining close relaEions.
The current Fuji Heavy In-
dustries president is a former
Nissan vice president, and Fuji
has been producing Nissan cars
on commission.
Regarding sales of Japanese-
made VW cars, Ishihara said
Nissan is going to play a major
role by selling them throuoh
hissan's existing sales channel.
He said the position of Yanase
7tie-upsbdvem Japaaeae aW ta'eiP automs~oers
(Europe)
(Japan) (UnitedStates)
oea-Ta1Dol , ToyotaWWarCo.
~ Ford Hotx
eo
H
m
A
M
Tq,p hoeyo (3/uda)
2
enea
lissan Motor Co.
a
ge,werk
1Miu,cLse, , xotm corr.
I cb� Bwr c�v ~
BL. Lld.
Hwda ldolur Co.
777--77
I Iaau Notors Ltd. = Getws2l )dotors Cory�
Fiat Aulo S.P.
Y-AMM0tOrC0'
AN
2
For Free'I`c'ade
Backed by strong production
and sales operations in Eurnpe
as well as in other regions, VW
alone has displaved confidence
by sticking to the principle oi
free trade, even at the Tokyo
talks between European and
Japanese automak,ers. At the
�talks other gurnpean aato-
mabers ' nrged Japanese
makers to exercise export'
restraint.and end prodnction
expansioa. " - Nissan and VW decided on fhe
coopera'tion for their own
sun�ival before protectionism
becomes too powerful to op-
pose. Other makers are also
covertly maneuvering for
similar tie-ups. Volksw agenwerk has its own
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global strategy. Japan ts oneoi
In tlleebacKgirouna oc tvissan,s
tbe three largest automotive
tie-up were the negotiatlons be-
markets. The others are the
tween Ford and Toyota, an
archrival of Nfssan. In the
Unlted States and Eurupe.
about 5 million
In Japan
world automotive arena,
,
a u t o m o b 1 1 e s E r e s o 1 d
General Motors is the super�
wlth the world's se,:ond
star
each year. Volkswagen cars,
wfiich enjoy the hioest sales
,
lar8est, Ford, and third largest,
' among imported cars in JaPac+
Toyota, in the process of for-
ming . a second power. The
sell only 20,000-p1us units a
Nissan�VW tie-up wili enable
year. lk'hen VW c.ar production
the two automakers to compete
begins here, it may well boost
-
on a par uith these titans.
VW car sales here a5 aell as ln
of this emecginB
view
In
Southeast Asisn countries. -
For Nissan the VW proposal
.

-gl�bal napnizati0�' the-focis
'
was timely and merltorious as
be oa tbe moves of other
wilI
domestic auto sales are in a
European automakers -
whether they Will opt to form a
s?ump this year. So faz, sales
have registered a double-digit
third'f0rce among themsel�es
decline from last year.
or aot: ,
Attendon wfll also shift to
'I7he advancement of a foreign
Chrysler Corp, which is in dire
automaker into Japan a,ill alsa
'
and Ford, A-hich is
straits
rgate the sentiment that
- init
Japan is exporting one-sidely.
,
sliAPing into the mire in -which
The Nissan-VW venture is a
Chr7'dea'fell.
tie-ap between equals in global
sales network, high techcalogy
reputation, and hlgh produc-
tivity. A minor difference is
that Nissan has oukstripped VW
at the production level.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
,
J
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rux urrl..lr,i. uan vLv1,1
'Endless Corporation War'
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 6 Dec 80 p 2
[Article: "Nissan-Volkswagen Shock"]
[Text]
-rne agreemenc oetween Nissan Motor Co. and
Wsst Germany's Volksw�agenwerk to jointly produce
medium-sized passenger cars signifies the start of
another "endless corporation war" by the world
automobile iridustry, involving the production of
smaller, fuel-efficient wnd high performance
automobiles.
We say "another" because the Nissan-
Volkswagenwerk accord is the formation of the third
- largest auto company grAup following tre General
Motors-Isuzu and Toyota-Ford tie-ups, and is ex-
pected to have a new and diiferent impact on the
American auto marke..
The tie-up between the Japanese and European
- companies v,ill intens;fy the existmg friction between
the Japanese and Ame:-ican automobile industries,
, while easing the friction between the Japanese and
Eurcpean auto industries. '
A; present, Japan enjoys a lopsided favorable
trade balance in its auto exports to the European
Comr.iunity nations. In particular; the large and
rapid increase of Japanese car exports to West
Germany has been remarkable, driving a con-
siderable amount of British, French and Italian cars -
from the West German market resulting in bringing
unemployment among European autoznobile workers
to 500.000. Medium-sized VW cars made in Japan will be
sold locally and exported to Southeast Asian coun-
tries, helping the British, French and Italian
automakers regain and expand their West German
market. Judging from the fact that Japan has been
reluctant to 'open its doors to European cars, the
Japar.ese-German agreement will likely alleviate the
European-Japanese trade friction.
T7e same reasoning cannot be applied to the
Ame: ican market, hotvever. The American
autornobile market is restless at present. American
consumers want to drive fuel-efficient and medium-
sized cars while Detroit faces a gloomy business
- situat:on.
4
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In spite of ttie recent u.b. lnternatlonal 'lraae
Commission's decision that Japanese automobile
exports t:, the United States is not hurting the
American auto industry, nobody believes that the
decision will end the U.S.-Japan automobile industry
friction.
About 230,000 Arrierican auto w�orkers have lost
their jobs and receive special aid frnm the govern-
ment. The Big Three have recorded large deficits,
and Wall Street officials estimate that the American
automobile industry's loss this year will be about
$4,000 million (more than 800,000 million yen
The cause of this unfavorable situation caiinot be
solely attributed to the expanded sales in the United
States of Japanese cars or to the American
automakers' Eailure to implement strategic changes
for the production of smaller cars. And we lrnow that
the rlmerican authorities were not idle in the face of
such serious damage to this key industry.
Ronald Reagan, who will assume the American
presidency in Januar,y, is expected to take some
restrictive measures against foreign-made cars. We
fear that the Nissan-VW agreement may prompt
Reagan to act in that direction, and he might well
ignore tt~,e recommendation of the ITC.
The U.S. Congress can also take certain
:neasures to restrict the import of foreign cars. We
know that the euport of Japanese and European cars
to the United States is welcomed by American drivers
although it injures the arnerican auto industry. At the
same time, we i,iust remember that the president and
Congress may take the initiative to protect the
American auto industry, which faces enormous
competition from the Japanese-German axis.
For the world's gigantic automobue manufac-
turers, surveys on frictions and survival strategies
will be essential. VVe will see further reorganizations
among other auto makers and an intensification of
friction. In some cases, consumers will benefit frorn
the fierce competition..
One undesirable situation for both consumers and
automobile makers woulci be the emergence of an
international monopolistic set-up should
reorganization efforts fail. We hope that Nissan Motor
Co. will bravely resist such an undesirable possibility.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
5
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rutc urritltu. uac vivLi
F.xport-1=port Effects
Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 5 Dec $0 p 2
[Editorial: "Nissan-VW Cooperation"]
[Text]
1
Nissan .llotor Companv and Volxswagen o oup
of �"est Germant� hare agreed on overall coopera-
tion, inc!uding ,he pOJJlbility of ;ointly mar.ufac-
turiag' small cars in Jupan. The ao eement is con-
sidered to be an impot tant move because it will ac-
celerate the realianmeac of the uorld's auto industry
and conti�ibute toward reducin.- economic friction bz-
tween Jaian and `ti estez-n Europe.
The price of gasoline has gone up sharply a.s a re-
sult of the two oil crises. thus increasing demand for
small cars in evez-v countrv of the world. This trend
Ns�ill continue to Lollow its present path, and it is
certain that tnose automakers whicn win the small
car comoetition will event-ially capture the global
automobile market.
At the same time, the cost of developina new te-
chnolog3� w�ill continue to soar, making it possible for
only a handful of automakers to go it alone. Con-
sequently, carmakers in the world are trying to come
up w-ith bold measures for cooperation. Their main
rival seems to be General 'Motors of the L"S.
Worldwide Reaction
Business cooperation between tiissan and VW,
which is an example of this a oving trend, is certain
to invite aworldwide reaction. It will also have an
eifect on negotiations betneen Toyota Motor Com-
panv and Ford 'Motoi� Company of the US, which are
presentlv facing a rot:ghgoing. The 'Nissan-VW aaree-
ment is not a novel development at a time when all
major Japanese automobile companies are workina
out their respective global strategies to survive in the
increasingly competitive market. This kind of tie-ups
R�ill become populai� in the future.
With the increasinD trade imbalance in the back-
ground, economic friction is mounting between Japan
and West European countries. NVhile Japan is pointing
to Europe's insufficient' efforts for increasing e:,~-
ports to Japan, Europeans are criticizing Japan's
"do%rnpour" of exporii of autoniobiles and color tele-
vision sets. The; are aiso repeatedly claiming that the
Japanese marnet is closed to their e.tports.
6
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Restriction Un Exports
- It will be realistic for Japan to voluntarily restrict
its exports of automobiles anc color TV sets to some
extent. At the same time, Japan show3 increase its
imports from Europe ar.d carry :)ut widescale in-
dustrial cooperation a-ith that rea cin.
ti�en we talk about industria'. cooperation, we
usually mean production in Europe by 3apanese com-
panies or joint development of advanced technology.
The \ issaa-L'W tie-up ma5� be something special in
that it is cooperation between two stron; auto-
ma~.ers ir.c!udin~ joint car nroduct:on in Japan.
It goes without say-iag. however, that the establish-
mert of friendly reiation between the two enterprises
w�ill help i�eso:ve the tt-a.de friction between Japan and
�'e=tern Europe, �hile European carmakers other
- than `'W may not welcome the tie-up between the
tK�o auto giants. The government should tackJe the
task of resolving the trade friction with Western
Europe a�ith these points in mind.
ChPYRIGHT: The DaiJv Ynmi,tri jQ$n
T1. S. I*!tP.root
Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NRWS j.rt Rnol j.ah 5 nac R(1 n 5
fArticle: "Nissan-VW Accord IntereGr.G 119 Firms"]
(Text)
tiEW 1'ORfi , ::vodo) - C.S
automakers shov.e:i ;t:ong
inierest 1Vec+r.esdav ia rel:urts
that +\issan lfotor Co. and :Vest
Germany'S Vo[ksw agen have
agreed to cooperate in car
production, industry sources
said.
Their interest. the sources
said, mainly conce:ns whe:her
the Japanese and German
autumakers Mll enbark on
joint car production in the
nited States.
lmaer tne agreef,ient, an-
nounced in Tekyo Wednesclay,
,tiissan and tioll;swagen w�ill
initially study the possibility of
cooperatin; in production of
Volkswagen's sm211 cars in
Japan. But in the future. they
will also consider undertakin;
similar ventures in other
nations, including the Lnited
States.
tne sources said t'.S
automakers. lifie General
1lotors and Ford, bel!.eve
chances are big that Nissan and
Voli:swagen will eventuall}�
begia joiat production in the
United Siates. because of the
size of its car market.
7
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rvc~ 1.1rri%1iew UoL VL`ILL
- � 1t is nigniy' Ewaaiute wr LuN
Japanese and German com-
panies to undertak-e Such a ;oinr
venture at eitner the
- Valkswage faccon� nov: urclr r
' construction in alichi;an or
\issan's pictiup tn:c.l- plant in
Tennessee, che sources noteci.
- The sources said the N-issan-
Volksa�agen tie-up kkill ac-
celerate moyes among U.S.
auto companies to Step up
cooperatian with forei2n
automakers. possibl}� resultin;
_ in an across-tt;e�board
reorganiaation of the worid's
automobile indistr}.
Alreadv. the sources said.
negotiations for joirt small car
_ productioa are under way or
_ havr hrPn cnrcluded betwePn
COFYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1980
u.5. aucomaxers uenerat
1lotors. Ford. Chrysler ar:"
American 1lotors and 'i'o}�oLi,
and lsuzu of Japan and French
automai:ers Peucteot anL1
P.enauit.
The Nissan-Voik;wagen tie-
up. ihe sources noted, will hati�e
a pacticularly significant im-
pact on negotiations now ?oing
on between Ford and Japan's
Toco[a 1lotor Co. on their
cooperation in car production in
the t nited States.
They said Toyota and Ford
are now expecteci to quicken ihe
tempo of their negotiations to
cope �'ith the \issan-
1i olkswagen tie-un.
Stable Tr3de Relations Expected
Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 9 Dec 80 p 5
[Article by Kentaro Koshiba:
"Nissan Ties With VW Hailed"]
[Text]
The announcement made last
week by Nissan -N4otor Co. has
been welcomed here as a
positive step toward the long
term reduction ot frictSon fn the
car trade between Japan and
EEC nations.
ln a hastily called news
conterence, Takashi Ishlhara.
Nissan prestdent, disclosed thac
his company had reached
agreement with Voikswagen on
the teasibility o[ producing
Volkswagen cars at a Nissan
plant here.
The current speculation here
is that :Vissan. the second
largest Japanese auto firm, ��Al
begin producing� Volkswagens
under license trom the German
tirm sometlme tn 1982.
There is also talk ot the
possibillty that Nissan mlght
eventually bulld its oa�n cars (n
West Germany: Analys[s
beiteve that is a logical step to
follow the Japanese produciion
of German cars.
It ls apparently anyfiody's
guess, however, whether
Nissan and volkswagen wilt
start jolnt production [n the
L'nited States. whera the
German maker has its o%M
manufacturfng tactllties.
8
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
L;onsiaereu in cne contexc ot
*the lopsided aucomobile trade
be[ween Japan and the
European Common Marke[, the
Nissan-volkswagen accord has
been hailed here tor a number
ot reasons.
Flrst, it is expected to con-
. tribute tavorably, in the longer
term. to developing more stable
trade relations in this sensitive
sector, because !t opens the waY
tor expanslon ot the sales ut
Eiv-qpean cars on the Japanese
fl12 rk 9t.
pcesent, the Common
Market as a whole is exporting
only one�car w Japan tor every
20 cars it is importing from this
country. This is consfdered one
of the reasons for the wide trade
gap, which is estimated to
reach about S9 billion thls year.
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rne zuropeans. as w�etl as the
tt is wiaery acicnowieugru
Amerlcans, belleve that the
that recent trlctfon in the
Japanese car marke[ is
nation's car trade with the
-closed." It Is not that the
United States and Eucopean
= market is protecced by high
countrles stems chlefly trom
tarltls or quotas.
the concentratlon o! Japanese
The problem as they see It ls
autos in these mackets.
that there exist a bristling
In this sensc, the Nis4an-
array of �Invlsible" barriers -
Volkswagen accord has
- or so-called ��nontaritt
essenttally the same Im-
barriers" - that ettectively bar
plicatlon as plans revealed
the free entry o( toreign cars
earlier by other Japanese
lnto the Japane.se market.
makers to build cars in the
One tact that ls often cited is
United States.
~ that coreign cars account toc
Honda, for example, recently
oNy a traction of the auW sales
broke ground tor an assembly
In Japan. w�htle Japanese
plant tn Ohio, while Toyota is
vehicles conttnue to IIood the
t:�:,w negotlating with Ford on a
U.S. and European markets.
co-productlon scheme in the
Volkswagen, tor instance.
U.S. Nissan. tor its part, plans
row holds a minuscWe 0.7
W build light trucks In Ten-
percent share of [he Japanese
nessee.
market. That ts che single
Third. a Nissan production
largest share of any toreign
venture ln Germany would also
carmaker.
have a positive impact on the
Production of Volkswagen
employment situation there.
cars here wauld signlfcantly
The job-Creating eftect of auto
tncrease that share because the
production is otten cited as a
venture now� in the works Ls said
major tactor that can help ward
to be aimed at the domestic
o[(protectionfsm.
murket, and not at expon
At a time when most of the
markets.
tndustrial natlons are beset by �
It that is the case. incrPacai
the serious unempioyment
sales of German cars would
problem, tnves[ment by
help Improve the foreign
Japanese- automakers has been
"image" of the Japanese
urged strongly Gy the Ministry
market as a�'closed" one that is
of inter.ational 'Irade and
hard to penefrate.
Industry (NtITI for e!cample.
One important change that Ls
However, all these welcome
1lkely to happen is tn che en-
aspects o[ Nissan-Volkswagen
trenched distribution system of
cooperation and other
imported cars - a system that
production ventures involving
is claimeci to be responsible cor
. Japanese automakers are long-
the high retaU prices of foretgn-
term and therefore are not
made autos as compared with
likely to provide tmmediate
domestic models.
solutfons to the current car
At least some at tne expensrve
trade pcoblems vis-a-vls the
imported can will Iihely be
U.S. andEurooe.
priced out of the market i(
torefgn cars domestically
produced are made availabte to
Japanese consumers at com-
petitive prices.
Second, the latest agreement
haselicited tavorable reactions
because produc;ion of Nissan
cars, if tt materializes, �0l help
reduce Nissan's heavy depend-
ence on exnort markets.
COPYRIGHT: Asahi Evening News 1980
9
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French Reaction
Tokyo THE JAPAN TIMES in English 5 Dec 80 p 5
[Article: "French Paper Blasts VW Plan"]
jText ]
lIAKIS (AP) - A French
newspaper charged Wednesday
that the head of Volkswagen.
the �'est German car firm, used
a recent trip to Tok}ro as part of
- a European de:egation to rPach
an agreement xith a Japanese
automahcr.
Commentina on plans (or the
production of a Volksu�agen car
in Japan in association ��ith
_ Nissan. Les Echos, a business
daily, said that Toni Sch-
mucker, head o[ Volkswagen.
was ��against the Japanese
during the day and w�ith them at
night. '
Schmucker was a member of
a gcoup of European
automakers that was tn�in,; to
get the Japanc:e to restrici
expor:s of their cars and open
up their markets to European
autos.
..r r ~guacu notea cnaE iess
than 15 da}�s after thc Tok\,o
sttmmit which, far the firs[ time
brought to;ether European and
Japamese car makers
-Vblkswagen is attempting a
risky operation tn [he empire of
the rising swi."
Former French ambassador
Francois Mis.so(fe, who is in
Tokyo to try to persuadc
Japanese industrialists to
voiuntarilv restrain exports to
Europe in generat and to
France in particular. expressed
surprise at the announcement
of the Volkswagen-`issan
project. ��The accord show�s that the
European solidaritv expressed
in Tok},o t�'o w�eel:s ago H�asn't
wiihout second thoughts on the
German side." NIissoife said.
COPYRIGHT: The Japan Times 1980
10
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Feasibility Studies Start
Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 10 Dec 80 p 4
[Article: "VW Head Stresses Japan Output Plans"]
jText]
Schmuecker told Spiegel
maga2lne "Qe want to pro-
duce a Volkswagen in a Nis-
san factory that will be sold
as a Volkswagen in Japan: "
Under the productlon ar-
rangement. Sch.muecker said
VW Rould deliver parts for
assembly oi VNV modeLs at
a tiissan plant fully under
Nissan management.
Last neek, VNV and Ir'Is-
san joint.ly announced they
were conducting a study of
the ;easibillty ot producing
VW models in Japan for the
Japanese market.
At that time, however,
t'N officials cautiously
avoided saying the auto-
maker had a firrs intent
to produce in Japan. indl-
cating that the feasibility
study iasting some s:x
months aould be the basis
for further decisions.
Speaking !n Frankiurt,
Schmuecfier took a tenta-
tice tone, sa;in; that 200;
000 or more VWs could be
produced in Japan yearly !f
COPYRIGHT:
the study was successful.
He told Spieoel that -eco-
nomically, production makes
sense starting at 2bout 200,-
000 autos."
Schmuecker emphasized
ia the magazine tnterview
that if anp o2 the VW's
produced !n Japan were ex-
ported, the} a�ould not be
sent to Europe.
Schmuecker satd VW's
"�primary goal isn't to pro-
duce in Japan, but to sell
more autos in Japan."
Yanase Reaction
T"ne president of Yanase
and Cocipany, the sole im-
port agent for Volkswagen
ca:s. `ionday took a dim
vien� about the praspect for
the proposed tie-uo betaeen
the VS'est Germany auto-
maker and Japan's Nissan,
Kyodo reports.
Jlro Yanase told a press
conference that in his viex,
the chance oi the pronosed
Nlssan-Vo1ksR�agen tie-up
being materialized is 50-50.
He said if Volkswagen
pushes :r.e tie-up plan. it
w-ill be placed in a difficult
position in the European
Common Market, adding
that other European auto-
makers are already criticiz-
ing the German company's
move.
He added that he wou:d
ask Volkswagen to pay due
attention to his company's
interest while promoting the
tie-up plan with Nissan. _
1].
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The Daily Xomiuri 1980
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Industry Reorganization Seen
Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 4 Dec 80 p 1
[Commentary: "Nissan-VW plan seen leading to industry reorganization"]
- jText]
lhe agreemrnt znnuunced
Wzdnesday by Nissan Niotor
Co. and Volkswagemwerk A.G.
(VW) of West G:rmany [o
stud)' the possibiliiv of manu-
facturin� VR"s small cars at
_ aNissan plant hcrc and oEher
cooaPration is :ertain tu zc-
celerate the reali:nment o; the
world's auco induscrN.
- Disclosing the agreement at
a press conference in Tok~�o.
TaJcashi Ishihara, presiden:~oi
Japan's No. 2 automaker. ex-
plained that the aim of the co-
operation w�ich VW i: to help
a European maktr ro peae-
- trate more the Japantse mar-
kec, which has been often criti-
cized as beine closed to foreicn
manufacturers, and, thereby, to
reduce trade friction with
Vti'estem Europe.
[n this respect, as Ehe N1in-
, iscy of International Trade
and Industrv pointzd out in
. welcoming the aereernent the
same day, it will be a big step
- toward the srctlement of the
car trade problem.
However, the :rue incentions
of Nissan. No. ; maker in the
world, and VW, No. ; in the
worid snd No. ] in Europe.
are to ecpand thr;r sharrs oi
the �lobal markec.
VW is already assemblin;
vebicles in the Lniced Statzs.
and. throush a !irup w�ith Nis-
san, it can build a produccion
and marketing hase in Japan
for sales not only in Japan
but in other pa:ts oi the w�orid.
incfuding the uncuftivaced
Southzasc Asian mari;et.
For \issan, the tieup with
V W, a successFul and well-
mana�ed European company,
will be of great assistance to ~
its wor)dwidz exoansion. un-
like the proposed join[-pro-
duccion plan becween Toyota
~ ~ - ~~na l~s~s
Nfotor Co. and Ford :vfotor
Co. of the U.S. w'hich has the
nature of a successful 3apa-
nese maker coming to the
rescue oF an ailing U.S. gianL
The direct cause of the cur-
rent global realignment, which
involves lar�e makers in the
L:.S.. Europe aAd Japan, is the
soarine price of gasoline,
uhich has made the devetop-
menc' of fuel-efficient smay
cars absolute(y necessary if
mal:ers are to survive in the
iIICreasingly competitive mar-
keL
However, it is coo costly
and riskv for each maker to
go it alooe in cfie d,-,:elop-
menc of new cars, technology
to reduce harmful emissions
and electronic technoloey.
Lnder the circumstances. other
independent European makrrs
are expectee to approach Japa-
nese companies for coopera-
[ion.
According to Ishi6ara's ex-
planations at the press con-
ference, a joint project team
set up by Nissan and VW will
scudy the rvge oi cars to be
assembled in Japan and t'ie
scale of co-production. If
evervt4ing eoes smoothly, the
deEails v~�ill tx w�orked out b),
next June and assembiy will
scarc one year atrer that.
`o capital tieup is tmdcr
itudv at present. lt is y'ec to
be decided wh:cher joint pro-
ducaon aill be conducted on
a so-called knockdown (JCD)
basis or an integrated basis.
Ic will not be a joint venture
but will take the form of VW
commissionin; \issan to make
V1V ~,~!hicles.
It is likelv that either the
.4udi or the Passat, both com-
pact cars produced b}- VW's
subsidiarv, Audi ZNSL: Auto
Union A.G., wi!1 be picked as
the car for joint production.
\'issan is expected to partici-
pa!e in the markeiing oi the
jointly-assembied cars.
In the second phase of co-
operation, Fuji Heavy ln-
dustries Co., which makes
Suoaru cars and is owneC
seven percent by 'sissan, is ex-
pected to join the tieup, giving
rise co speculation chat the
cooperat;on will spread co the
area of mini cars of less than
550 cc in the future.
COPYRIGHT: Asahi Evening News 1980
12
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- Mideast, Latin America Markets
Tokyo NIHON KOGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 4 Dec 80 p 1
[Excerpt] Officially MITI said that it feels Nissan's move would serve to ease
mounting tension over trade relations between Japan and the EC, and MITI welcomes
_ Nissan's proposed business link with VW as a positive step towards the Japanese -
automotive industry's long-term global strategy. However, according to a MITI
source, the primary goal of Nissan's arraagement with VW is to solidify its produc-
cion base in Japan and to export cars to third countries. At present, markets under
consideration apparently include the Mideast and Certtral and South America.
According to the MITI survey, during January-October 1980, these markets r.ad the
highest increase in the number of cars exported from Japan: Central and South Amer-
ican markets showed a 74.7 percent increase compared to the corresponding period of
the preceding year; and the Mideast, a 55 percent increase. It is widely believed
that the arrangement between Nissan and VW will eventually be expanded and developed
- into joint 'license' production in the U.S. and EC.
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Kogyo Shimbunsha 1980
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ECONOMIC
rutc ur r l.,lrw uOZ vNLl
NISSAN-ALFA MARRIAGE BRINGS HOPES FOR BOTH SIDES
Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 9 Dec 80 p 3
jArticle by Roy Harry]
[Text ]
London-The a�ord in the
automobile industry is thac
Ford Nfotor Company of the
L'S and ToyoLa ,viotor Com-
pany of Japan are "having
talks:" And that Ford offi-
cials--sa:d to be of the
highest rank-were only too
azlllng to go all the aay to
Tokyo to meet the Japanese
executives. Prime topic of
discussion :s reportediy a
joint smaller car manu:ac- '
turing proiect In the L:S.
Everybody's doing it-in
one way or another: che
furor about BL and Honda
tifotor Company will be al-
most forgotten in a cauple of
years and perhaps a few
commentators wiil be gen-
erous enough to admit that,
at least in the mind if not
in the heart. pou know it
makes sense. It took almost
a, year of bickering amid
forceful opposition from Fiat
but the deal beca�een Nissan
(7;hlch in UK terms means
Datsun) and Alfa Romeo is
now signed.
There are plenty of people
in the Itallan motor Endus-
t:y wYio will tell you chat
Nisssn n�anted -Alia soleiy
for prestige purposes, but it
is not as simple as that.
Japanese cars a:e vir*.ually
banned from che Italian
market and Fiat saa the
proposals as a Trojan ho*se.
a contrived device for :et-
ting Datsun cars into the
Italiaki home patch.
rsut Alia, too, has its
traubles. The low prodnc-
tivity of the politically
inspired dlfasud plant zot
too far from Naples has
been an industrial albatross
ior many years. But they do
have plenty of engines. and
in R,ome recently one of
their senior offlcials ad-
mitted to me that chey had
been searching Por partners
Por some time. Losses at the
southern Pcmigllsino plant
have totaled almast �100
million during the past two
years. No Ronder that Alfa
produce their recently in-
troduced executive "Six"
saloon in the traditional
::orthern factories.
They did hope that chari-
ty could besrin at home but
talks with F'lat came to
nothing, and with Alia's
flnancial background few
others !n EUrope were inter-
ested. Thoughts o1 Allasud
'surprisingly) go back to
1967 and the: e was a plan
for 300,000 units a year. In
fact, or.ly about one third
of this Sgure has been
achieved though the run-
ning gear-the mechanical
bits *.hat form Ehe basis oP
the Nissan link--come oPf
the lir.e at about 130,000 to
140.000 each year. Clear:y.
something had to be done.
So the deal has been
signed-and in Tokyo at
that. Trie two companies are
to create an organization
knovm as ARNA-?1fa Ro-
meo Nissan Autoveicoli-
a;ith a capital of �15 mil-
lion aszd what is said to be
an equal partnership. The
plan is to build a new fac-
tory near the present quake
affected Alfasud plant in
Southern Italp. �
In fact, the new plant is
planned to have a capacity
of 60,000 cars a year with
an undertaking that only
half of these will be sold in
Itaty. That is a not incon-
sider.able increase Por Alfa-
last ;year they built a total
of xust over 200.000 cars-
but ;it is a drop in the Nis-
san bucket of 1.7 milllon out-
put.~
No name has yet been
chosen for the new car
though the wags are already
busy: Half-a-Romeo is a
strong runner. What is cer-
tain is that it will have two
engines, 1100cc for home
sales, 1300cc for export,
and that it will slot in below
the ten-year-old Alfasud,
a�hich is steadily being up-
marketed. And equal;y cer-
tuin is the fact that Iv'issan
a-ill have its much sought
after ioochold in Europe.
~
COPYRIGHT: The Daily Yomiuri 1980 13
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SCIENCE ANU TECHNOLOGY
MICROWAVE IANDING SYSTEM DESCRIBED
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 10, Oct 80 pp 52-54
[Text] A. microwave landing system (MLS) is attracting much attention as "the
aircraft landing guidance system of the 21st century" and worldwide is under
active research and development. In Japan, the Civil Aviation Promotion Founda-
tion has taken the initiative for R&D of this system and recently, with the
cooparation of N3ppon Electric Co', and Toshiba Corp. has completed an approach
azimuth antenna, an elevation antenna and aircraft instruments as major instruments
of MLS.
Z'he instrument landing system (ILS) as an aircraft approach guidance system
currently in widest use in airports over the guidance system currently in widest
use in airports over the world, is designed to provide a reference approach course
of electromagnetic wa.ves (ultra-short waves) in space above landing runways,
enabling landing aircraft to be guided along it. As aircraft traffic increa.ses
and airports become overcrowded with their surroundings increa.singly heavily
urbanized, the ILS is coming to face the following difficulties: 1) it limits
approach courses to only one, making it impossible to select desired courses, eog.,
avoiding crowded urban areas. 2) A single approach course inevitably limi.ts air-
craft arrangement to a straight line, failing to cope with increasing traffico
3) To provide an approach course sufficiently long to meet required~operatjoR,
it requires a large flat area. However, it is generally difficult to acquire
such spaces. 4) A limited approach course fails to meet a variety of needs of
aircraft with different descent angles.
Thus, the MLS has been attracting attention as a new landing system which is able
to solve the above difficulties and has a higher operational ability wiCYr fully
automatic landing. It has been under development by countries around the world,
and at present the American TRSB system is being adopted as an international
standard MLS system.
_ The TRSB system is based on measurement on a time reference to determine the
location of the aircraft in space (three-dimensiona.l coordinates). Under the
system, the approach azimuth antenna and the elevation antenna installed at
the edge of the runway scan beams in an azimuth range of -NcO degrees and an
elevation range ot 1 degree to ?S degr.ees. These antenna cover a fan-like space
- extending 20 nautical miles (about 37,000m) from the front of the runway and
20,000 feet (about 6,000m) upward.
14
Fl1R l17FT('TAT. TTSR (11JT,Y
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The space thus covered is scanned reciprocally at constant speed with beams from
r_he antenna. An aircraft receives the beam from ea.ch antenna twice and measures
the time gap between the two pulses to obtain its azimuCh and elevationo Informa-
tion about distance from the runway is obtained from a high-accuracy mea.suring
instrument irLstallEd on the ground. An approach course can be determined by
processing this data on location using a computer system in the aircraft.
Thus, the MLS has the following advantages over the current ILS.
1) While the ILS limits approach courses to one, the MLS has a sufficiently wide
guide space to allow the aircraft to approach the airport from a wide range of
direction and elevation within the space covered depending on its type and direc-
tion of flight.
2) The MLS allows not only straight approach courses but also curved courses,
making it possible to ma.ke an approach avoiding residential areas.
3) The MLS allows multiple approach courses, possibly promising an inerease in
navigation efficiency resulting from improved efficiency in space utilizationo
4) The MLS is unlikely to be affected by buildings and terrain in the neighbor-
hood of an airport, so it does not require a large flat area.
In Japan, the study of MLS was started in 1974 when the Civil Aviation Promotion
Foundation organized an All-Weather Landing System Committee to discuss a landing
system for the New Kansai Airport off Senshu in Osaka. In 1978 when an interna-
tional standard system was determiued, the Foundation started an MLS Development
Coumittee, to develop major equipment. Recently it has completed trial manufacture
of an approach azimuth antenna, an elevation antenn,a, a transmitter, a monitor,
etc. This has partly enabled flight tests with MLS. In the speed of this develop-
ment, Japan directly f.ollows the U.S. and England.
Instruments made recently also include an antenna control, a transmitter, a
monitor and a receiver for aircraft which receives radio transmi.ssion from the
ground station to obtain data on the aircraft's azimuth, elevation, etc.,
necessary for approach and landing, in addition to the approach azimuth antenna
and the elevation antenna.. Among the equipment, the transmitter developed by
Nippon Electric Co. is the world's first innovative system made all solid and is
expected to serve more than 10 times as long as conventional wave guide tubing.
Other than these devices, however, the TRSB system also requires ground devices
including a high-accuracy measuring instrument, a Flare angle antenna for raising
the nose directly before landing and a back azimuth antenna for providing azimuth
data for ascending in rela.nding or taking off. In Japan, even designs have not
yet been drawn up for them.
Thus, although a flight test is scheduled to start in fall, a variety of equipment
will have to be developed before a campl.ete test of the MLS can be carried out.
However, a plan deternu.ned by the 8th all-weather navigation panel for switching
from ILS to MLS indicates that MLS will be the international standard replacing the
ILS by 1995. Thus, the Civil Aviation Bureau of the Ministry of Transport intends
to make efforts to start real aircraft tests in around 1985.
COPYRIGHT: Fuji Marketing Research Co., Ltd. 1980
CSO:: 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTES UTILIZING HOT-PRESS SINTERING
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 10, Oct 80 p 59
[Text] The Government Industrial Research Institute, Osaka, is continuing the
study on solidification techniques to isolate fram human society, and safely
dispose of the high-level radioactive liquid waste discharged while re-processing
spent nuclear fuels from power stations. From among several such methods, the
institute ha.s proposed a hot-press sintering process for radioactive waste mixed
with glass powder and is eagerly concentrating on its development. Nevertheless,
the difficulty of performing a continuaus hot-press operation has thus far limited
,the effort to a laboratory scale. Accordingly, the need has arisen for greater
_ efforts to establish the continuous hot-press process.
, Furthermore, solidified radioactive wastes predictably reach a considerably high
temperature by decay heat of radioactive substances during long-term storage. A.
variety of countermeasures are being studied to remove the heat: one instance
is to embed marble-like glass in metals (lead etc.), and another tries to form
comp4und ceramics of glass and metallic powder. The institute has developed a
technique to sinter a mixture of relatively coarse glass powder and finely pow-
dered copper, to prove that the thermal conductivity of the solidi�ied body will
increase 3-10 times over tha.t of the origina.l giass. With this result, a pressur-
ized sintering apparatus was designed to hot-press the powdered glass-copper mixture
continuously, intending to prepare ceramic bars.
- The continuous pressurized sintering unit that the institute succeeded this time
in operating has been built as a trial, basically for rather low-temperature uses
(less than 1,0001C). Fig. 1 schematically shows pressurized furnace surroundings.
The device is capa.ble of forming columnar ceramics 5cm in diameter and 50cm in
maximum length. The materi_al of the molding die and upper/lower punches in high-
grade carbon, and as a heating system, a high frequency of 3kHz is adopted, with
a normal pressurizing force of 1U0-200kg/cm1.
T'he operating steps of the device are as follows: First a certain amount of raw
powder is injected into the heated mold, and then the upper punch lowers to
initiate a pressurized sintering. After the upper punch halts with the completion
of sintering, a sintered specimen, still pressed, descends as it is sandwiched
between the upper and lower punches. Subsequently, the upper punch is drawn from
- the mold, which is again fed wi.th raw powder for repeated cycles starting with
the upper punch pressing. The last sintered body is therefore a base for the
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following pressed sintering. The piled and lengthened ceramics will gradually be
forced out of the bottom of the mold, so that the lower mold outlet needs to be
r_ooled down enough so that the sintered dody does not deform. Because of this,
a mold support tabZe is equipped witk a water-cooling pipe that regulates the
tempera*u:c of the mold outlet by the amount of urater coolant.
Fig. 1. Pressing Fumace Surroundings of Continuous Press
Sintering Unit
Upper punch
11 pressinq direction
-
_ -Th~rmotoup~�
~ `
.
Refractory
1 Graphite (alt
.
p
~ O Induciion
. i ~
I
Powder
heatiny coil
D
~
1 I Mold
~
Sintered body
f
Silica tube
~
Water tOOliny
r
~
~
suppnrt tsbl�
~
�i;
% ---Tharmo-couPls
Lower punch
Down
1
In the experiment in which compound ceramics of comparably low-temperature glass
and copper were prepared by the equ3.pment, borosilicate glass trapping dummy high-
level radioactive waste (produced by the Tokai Establistunent of the Power Rea.ctor
and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation) was mixed with fine, dendritic, electro-
lytic copper powder, and was sintered while pressinS. The sintering temperature
(560�C) is in the vicinity of the yield point (thE temperature at which the
viscosity is about 1011 poises) of the gla.ss, and a dense, sintered body with a
porosity ratio of nearly zero was obtained at this temperature. The outlet
temperature (3500C) was sufficiently lower than the transition point of the glass,
producing compact bodies free of deformation or fracture. In addition, the time
required for one cycle of the sintering operation was 15 minutes or so. Although
the sintering boundary of each cycle is marked by contaminating graphite from the
molds, the binding is exceedingly firm and has no risk of separation. Test
products are sintered bodies with a gl.ass-copper powder weight ration of 7:3,
having a thermal conductivity about 4.5 times that of glass itself, which are
regarded as extremely favorable characteristics with respect to decay-heat removal.
Thus, research and development in the continuous hot pressing are underway so far,
as part of efforts to establish solidification treatment technology of high-level
radioactive wastes. In the next stage to come, a stainless steel can will b e used
as a mold where the powder mixture of wastes, glass and metal is to be supplied
continuously for press sintering--the development of so-called an "in-can hot-press
method." In addition, as raw powder, the porous borosilicate glass mentioned
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previously (the glass that has 100-1,0001 fine pores occupying aboui: 30% of the
volume and is intensely active to the sintering reaction) is to b e employed, and
preparations are being made to adopt the system in which such glasp ;owder and
calcined high-level radioactive liquid waste are continuously mixed and charged
into the mold. In this case, sintering temperatures can probably be controlled
at 600-700�C, so that hardly any toxic components will escape while processing,
proving to be one of the excellent solidification techniques in this regard.
The development of this continuous hot pressing is lind ted to the solidification
of nuclear wastes but is considered to offer wide applications for the fine
ceramics industry, particularly the field where lengthy products are neededo
Current technical and developmental issues of fine ceramics are focussing on the
study of fabrication techniques coupled with that of the materials themselves,
T'his newly-developed continuous press sintering equipment is a test case that
requires further improvements to accommodate higher-temperation, and the device
is expected to play an important role in expanding remarkably the scope of
utilization of ceramics.
COP'YRIGHT: Fuji Marketing Research Co., Ltd. 1980
CSO: 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
PRODUCTION OF ASSIInLY-LINE ROBOTS ACCELERATID
Tokyo NIKW KOGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 4 Dec 80 p 10
[Article: "Spurred by Sensor Advances; Machine and Electrical Equipment Manufactur-
ers May Begin Sales in Latter Half of Next Year"]
[Text] Composite manufacturing systems (FMS) are being actively developed for auto-
mation and elimination of labor in machinery manufacture involving diverse products
- produced in small quantities. The nucleus of the FMS is the assembly-line robot and
it is rapidly being made practical. Its purpose is to take the place of a human oper-
ator doing assemblq-line work in such processes as material cutting, fabrication, and
machining, camplex assembly, and product inspection. The design combines precision
control technology with greater campactness and lighter weight than conventional
robots. Not only machine manuf acturers. but also eiectrical equipment and computer
manufacturers, are actively involved. After the robot manufacturers put the robots
_ to use in their own plants, it is highly probable that they will put them on the open
- market by, at the earliest, the second half of next year.
Until recently, the assembly-line robot has been under development in research facili-
ties of national and local governments, universities, and some manufacturers. Opti-
cal recognition of the form and position of the workpiece, decision-making based on
such recognition, and precision control technology are necessary in the robot for auto-
mation of assembly-line processes and a great deal of time was spent solving these
technical problems. Recently, in addition to progress in optical sensor technology
and devices, the robot body has been made compact and control technology has been im-
proved with the use of microcomputers, so the robot has reached the stage of practi-
cal application.
Hitachi, Ltd., showed an intelligent assembly-line robot at the company's technology
exhibit this fall and has succeeded in automating a simple assembly operation witli
a compact 3ointed robot. The same company is actively developing these robots in its
Central Research Laboratory as well as in its Production Engineering Research Labora-
tory. After they are produced for campany factories they will gradually be put on
the market.
Fujitsu FANAC, a nanufacturer of numerically controlled devices, has completed devel-
opment of an assembly-line robot, the Model 4, for use in the assembly of the company't.
DC motor. The plan is to have it in full scale use at the main plant as soon as next
fall.
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Next January, Kawasaki Heavy Industries is going to begin importing the Unimate 500
robot (a programmable universal manipulator for assembly or PUMA) developed by Unima-
tion, a U.S. firm with which it is collaborating. Customers for the product have
been unofficially lined up already and the company is in a hurry to make sales.
In addition to th ese early birds, the electrical equipment and computer manufacturers,
who are responsible for Japan's electronics technology, are getting conspicuously
involved. These campanies are going all out, witn their production technology depart-
ments taking the lead, to develop these robots, especially for application in assembly
processes for semiconductors and computers. The leading computer manufacturer, Fujitsu,
is promoting automation of assembly and testing processes in its electronic computer
plant. Mitsubishi Electric has devel oped a system using ITV for assembly of hybrid
ICs and Sharp is automating its electronic calculator assembly line. Toshiba and
NEC are also developing their own robots and the number of companies involved is
still growing.
Technology for recognition and decision-making (including failure diagnosis) is espec-
ially important in the assembly-line robot. The companies involved plan to further
refine the circuit element technology. These intelligent robots have better perform-
ance than the present memory regenera tion type of robot, so all the manufacturers
are expected to move aggressively, wh ile exploring the tradeoff between price and tech-
nological level, to make the robots p ractical and get them into commercial production
by next year.
COPYRIGHT: Nikkan Kogyo Simbunsha 1980
9651
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FOK OFrICIAL USE UNLY
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
FLEXIBLE LASER MANt1FACTURING SYSTEM FOR RATIONALIZATION OF LARGE VARIETY/SMALL
LOT PRODUCTION
Tokyo BUSINESS JAYAN in English Nov 80 p 94
[ Text ]~i FFlC1ENT methods of production
based on automation and mainly
used for machinery have already been
established in the field of production
in small variety and large lots repre-
sented by the automobile and house-
hold electric appliance industries.
Bvt rationalization and labor saving
are a difflicuit task for such production
which consGtutes 7096 of machine
production which still depends heavn7y
on human power and the skilled hands
of the workers.
Industrial products are expected to
become even more greatly diversified
during the 1980s so that production in
large variety znd small lots will gain in
importance. How to raise productivity
against this background has become a
crucial problem.
To contribute to the solutian af
thie problem, the Agency of lndustrial
Science & Technology, a govemment
agency, started a'seven-year program
for the development of "Extra High
Efficiency Flexible Manufacturin$
System Complex Provided With Laser'
in 1977 with a budget of V13 billion.
At present this is the largest develop-
ment project ror Japan's machinery
industry as it prepares for full-sc::e
utilization of electronics. The develop-
ment is now progressing as a joint
project including electric machinery,
electronics and ma:erials.
The project is participated in by
three state laboratories and 20 com-
panies affili.ated with the Technology
Research Association. The budget for
fiscal 1980 amounts to V-2,825 million
while that for fiscal 1981 will total
V3,000 mdlion. The objective of this
project is to develop an8 establish
basic technology for a flwcible manu-
facturing system complex which will
be capabte of flexible and fast inte-
graled production, in large variety and
sanall lots, of machine components
from metal materials to finished pro-
ducts.
Concept design and basic desi,qn of
the flexible manufacturing system
complex have been already completed.
The development of elementary
technology is procceding over two
years from fiscal 1979. Detatled design
of a pilot plant is envisaged in fiscal
1981, conswction of the plant in
fiscal 1982 and comprehensive operat-
ing tests and evaluation in fiscal 1983.
Products which can be made witt
the new flexible manufacturing ryatedf
complex include construction
machines, printing machines and
machine tools compnsing mimerous
machine parts and cornpunents is
For instance, the new system
believed to be ideal for products req-
uiring a high level of processing, assem'
bly and examination techniques such
as transrnission of power (reduction
gears and bearings), oil hydraulic and
pneumatic equipment (pumps, cylin-
ders and valves) and drive mechanisms
(engines and motors).
Successfut compietion of the pro-
gram should assure.
(1) The introduction of large-scale
automation in large variety/small lot
pcoduction ttuough the amai8amation
of electronics and mechanical techni-
ques. A 24hour operation attended by
a very sma11 number of personnel
(unmanned operation at night) wi11
become possible.
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(2) Mechanization of processing for putting operations and a trial
and assembly work as well as the model of a precision muldspindle (6
application of high-speed laser opera- spindles) forging machine for making
iion will raise the productivity of joggled pivots for processing
machine parts in a revolutionary basic materials. Interesting experi-
fashion. It is expected that production ments are under way in the au4amatic
tiune can be reduced by Eialf. assembly of gear boxes and spindk
(3) Production techniques for belu consisdnq of hundreds of psriL
machine parts, expected to become
the mainstay of Japan's export indus-
tcies in the 1980s, will undergo a
phenomenal improvement, laying the
foundation for a technology-intensive
industry.
(4) Scarcity of skilled labor in the
machinery industry will be obviated.
This will contribute to the improve-
ment in exacting work environments
such as dirty or risky sites.
(5) Smaller enterprises will be in a
position to select the ideal system in
the field of processing, assembly and
taser. Significant improvement of pro-
ductivity will be realized.
'Che basis of this project as well as
the main themes of research and de-
velopment are as follows:
(1) Cutting operation: Emphasis
will be laid on complex processing,
modular machine structure and high
degree of automation.
(2) Processing of basic materials:
Intensive development of technology
linked with cutting operations. Main
themes are reduction of -the quantity
of chips throuF,h improved cutting
precision as well as perfection of auta
mation techniques�
(3) Automatic assembly: Develop-
ment of assembly techniques including
driving, thrusting and screwing and the
developmert of an adaptablc man-
ipulator.
(4) Laser applications: Develop
ment of a processing C02 laser (20
ICW) applicable to cutting, welding and
surface treatment, and of a medium-
output laser (Argon, 200W, YAG,
300V1).
(5) Automatic diagnosis: Develop-
ment of technology for automatic
diagnosis of inechanical troubles, prc
cision compensation and examination
of products.
Equipment and devices which have
been developed so far include a chuck
withstanding high-speed rotation of
the main spindle (up to 20,000 rpm)
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Kogyo shimbun 1980
CSO: 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MDEL PIANP FOR HOT WATER TRANSPORT SYSTEM COMPLETED
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 10, Oct 80 p 67
[Text] A model plant for the "thermo-siphon" hot water transpart system, which
provides a density differential in the fluid in piping to transport waste heat to
a desired place, has been completed and cTill shortly be put to the world's first
proof test. This hot-water transgort system has been under development at the
A,gency of Industrial Science and Technology of the Ministry of International Trade
and Industry in its large-scale energy saving technology research and development
(their Moonlight Project) in response to the suggestions made by Nippon Kokan K.K.
The thermo-siphon is a new heat transport system which allows a fluid contained in
piping to circulate without pumps by providing density differentials in the fluids
in the system. The system consists of an up-pipe, a down-pipe, a vapor-water
separation drum and a horizontal pipe which transports heat horizontally.
The rising force of the mixed flow (a vapor-liquid two-phase f low) consisting of
a hot f luid produced by being heated at the botton of the up-pipe and liquid
bubbles produced by evaporation, is used for the overall driving force. The
two-phase flow coming upwards separates the vapor in the vapor-water separation
drum, causing only the hot water to come down and flow in the horizontal pipeo
This hot water is used by heat excha.ngers in the plants and surrounding facilities,
= and after it cools down, is returned to the heating section. The separated va.por
is also used for power generation boilers. Meanwhile, liquid of the same quantity
as this vapor is newly supplied into the system to consistently allow a constant
flow to circulate. If the supply of waste heat to boilers decreases, the fluid
: automatically stops circulating in the system. Thus, rhe system has the merit of
not wasting any unnecessary operating expenses and labor.
- The proof test plant recently installed by Nippon Kokan, uses water for the fluid
acting as the heat carrier. Both the up-pipe and down-pipe are 20m long and the
horizontal loop is 300m long. The pipes are 150mm in diameter except that the
up-pipe is designed to be swdtched over to a 250mm pipe if necessary. For heating,
a heat exchanger using plant waste heat is used having a steam infeed of 5-6t per
min. To increase pressure, the water is heated to about 180�C.
Test items include study of bubble behaviour and the density gradient of water in
- the up-pipe, the relation between heat input and the distance of horizontal trans-
port and separatian of steam from water. Excessive bubble generation compared
with pipe diameter, will cause a kind of choking effect, resulting in a decrease
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in rising efficiency. Insufficient bubbles, on the other hand, will cause a'blow-
through phenomenon, causing the difference in density between the up- and dawn-
~ pipes and ultimately resulting in a decrease in transport power. Heat dissipation
through the pipes and removal of steam from the steam-water separation drum will
have a great effect on the entire tran,sportation efficiency. Thus, the Institute
intends to seek an appropriate balance of the whole system including the above
factors.
COPYRIGHT: Fuji Marketing Research Co:, Ltd. 1980
CSO: 4120
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Fox Or'NlUlAu. ubr. uNLx
5CIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NON-INDUCTIVE ELIIMENT ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CONDENSER DESCRIBED
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 10, Oct 80 p 70
[Text) Nippon Chemical Condenser Co. has developed a non-inductive-element
foils
a luminum-electrolytic condenser with both end faces of electode
is
overall by a special technique. Used for power supply circu ,
intended to improve the sound qua.lity of audio appliances.
The company has now succeeded in putting this technique into mass production and
at the same time has ma.de use of established techniques in using special materials
f or electrode foils, electrolytes and leads from electrodes to nearly halve ESR
(equivalent series resistors) (5.2m1L at 63V, 15,000 A F and 120Iiz) compared with
conventional products, t.ogether with a reduced impedance of 0.004 11 . Products
are available in rated voltages: 50V and 60V, 5 capacities from 470 to 2,200/4 F
and two types of external termi.nals: leads and screw terminals.
The condenser has the following specifications.
Temperature range: --25.to + 85�C
Leakage current: below 0.04CV or lOmA
3 min. after application of
rated voltate
Dielectric loss below 0.15 (50V)
tangent: below 0.13 (60V)
Case size� 25 x 30 x 50 (minimum)
~ 50 x 55 x 110 (maximum)
COPYRIGHT: Fuji Marketing Research Co., Ltd. 1980
CSO : 4120
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AGENCY PUBLISIiES 'WHITE BOOK'
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 10, Oct 80 p 82
[Taxtl The Science and Technology Agency has released a"Technology White Book."
Tiie White Book emphasizes that in order for Japan with a lot of people living in
a small country to continue to ensure an annual average real economic growth rate
of 5.5% she has no choice but to rely on technological development. In other words,
Japan in the 1980's should aim to become a large source of technological innovations
in the world on the basis of the results of accumulated research and techniques.
The White Book develops an outlook for the 1980's listing future important techno-
logical fields, such as energy-related technology, electronics, life science,
materials, traffic, universe development, marine development and hazards preven-
tion. Here, among these, life science in particular is outlined.
Life science has the purpose of synoptically reviewing the entire life phenomena
of a variety of living creatures and explaining complicated and delicate mechanisms
- found in life phenomena such as the self-defending and adjusting mechanisms, neredity and energy metaboiisw, wii pecuiiar to life, to make use of tne iindings
of such studies in resolving various problems in human lives.
For the application of life science, efforts are being made in the following ways.
In the medical field, development of pharmaceutir.als, ea.rly diagnosis of geriatric
disorders, search for causes and treatment of incurable diseases (such as betzettis
disease and progressive muscular atrophy). In the agricultural field, food produc-
ing technology by developing biological agricultural chemicals and plant and animal
breeding. In the fields of environmental preservation, maintenance and improvement
of the natural environment around man by discovering the mechanisms of material
circulation in ecological systems. In industrial fields, energy saving, resources
saving and the utilization of unexploited resources. And these fields are expected
to develop much in future.
For information, the weight of the themes expected from technological estimation
made by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology indicates that the advance
of life science is expected to bring about possibility of new technology in such
fields as hea.lth and medicare, agriculture and environmental preservation.
Here, a prospect is given mainly for problems in the medical field, for which in
particular useful solutions are anticipated in technological development in the
1980's.
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run vrrl~icw v~L v.va.,~
Here, let us review causes for death in Japan. Death rates for diseases resulting
from bacteria infections, such as oneumonia und enterogasLritis have decreased
significantly b ecause of the advance in preventive measures, propagation of
hygienic precautions, advance in treatment, particularly chemical treatment and
improvement of people's living conditions such as improved nutrition. On the
other hand, despite technological advances in present medical treatment cerebral
vascular diseases (cerebral apoplexy), cardiac diseases (heart failures) and
maligna.nt neoplasm (cancer) account for an increasing percentage of causes of
death and preventive and therapeutic measures for them are important problems in
terms of people's health.
Early Diagn.osis:
One of the geriatric measures is early diagnosis and treatment, which is considered
to be important parcicularly for "cancer," because it is very effective for this
disease.
Technological developments for ea.rly diagnosis and treatment have been promoted,
particularly by the development of inedical engineering in the fields of optical and
electronic engineering including the development of a variety of examination sys-
tems tor quantitatively determining biological components accurately and promptly,
from samples of a trace quantity by using chemical reactions (enzyme reactions) in
biological bodies, gastrofiberscopes, ultrasonic diagnosis systems and computer
tomographs and these developments have permitted diagnosis of high probabilitya
Artificial organs:
Development and research are being pramoted for methods of aiding or substituting
_ patients' organs which have partially or totally lost their functions due to
*_ra'ffic accidents and organic troubles, due to such diseases as renal insufficiency
by performing organic transglantation or using artificial organs.
In case of organic transplantation, histological incompatibility between the donor
and the receiver or rejection symptoms by transplanted antigens is a great obstacle.
Ef=orts are being made to overcome this difficulty by the use of immunity inhibit-
ors and the typing of HIA (human leococyte antigens).
For artificial organs, developments are being promoted particularly for artifi-
cially substituting funcCions inherent in organs and also research and development
are being promoted for small and durable systems. Large external dialysis systems
have been used; on the other hand, animal tests for dialysis and reabsorption are
being studied with small portable or inserted systems, making much effort to
approach actual live organs. Also, developments are being promoted for artificial
sense organs and artificial dentures.
These purposes can be achieved by development in the fields of new biological body
compatible materials such as fine ceramics and compound materials and precision
engineering and development of control techniques using computers, and it is hoped
that artificial organs which work permanently and freely when necessary in accord-
ance with the nead of the physical body.
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Pharmaceutical Manufacture Using DNA Rearrangement Manipulation:
Conventionally pharmaceuticals have been manufactured by such methods of extrac-
tion fram natural products, fermentation, chemical synthesis and fixing en.zymeso
Now, a new manufacturing method applying DNA, rearrangement manipulation is attrac-
ting much attention. Manufacturing which applies DNA rearrangement manipulation
will be described below.
The techniques which produce a new DNA arrangement by severing DNA's derived from
different kinds of biological entity with the aid of restricting enzymes and
rearranging them are called DNA rearrangement techniques.
An example of manufacturing pharmaceuticals by using these techniques is this.
A gene DNA, of himan insulin is planted in a plasmid DI3A of a colibacillus to
provide the colibacillus with ability to produce human insulin. As such coliba-
- cilli propagates, a larger quantity of human insulin will be manufactured.
The DNA rearrangement techniques are also considered to be hopeful in application
in the production of interferon (a substance which is capable of controlling virus
propagation) for which efforts are being continued to make production practical,
including research and development for mass production using human leucocytes in
the hope of its ability to resist viruses and cancer and mass produced growth
hormones which are in insufficient supply despite large demands.
To ensure safety in DNA rearrangement techniques, the government has provided
"guidelines for DNA rearrangement tests." Research is being promoted in compliance
with these guidelineso
- As observed above, research and development are being actively promoted in the
riedical field and it is hoped that efforts will be continued further in the 1980's
to achieve the above purposes successfully.
COPYRIGHT: Fuji Marketing Research Co., Ltd. 1980
c:SO: 4120
28
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SCiENCE AND TECHNOI,OGY
SYSTEM TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN ENERGY FROM NATURAL ENERGY
Tokyo TEQiNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 10, Oct 80 p 57
[Text) A group led b y Prof Koh, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Tokai
University, has developed a unique system to convert natural energy, such as solar
energy and wind power into hydrogen energy. Electricity generated by using natural
energy is unput to an electrolytic cell filled with a solid electrolyte. Hydrogen
generated by electrolysis of water is stored in the form of inetallic hydrogen which
can discharge hydrogen to be used as a fuel or a chemical material when necessary.
Most current research and development efforts are toward power generation by using
natural energy. One of the largest problems associated with realization of commer-
cial power generation is to stabilize the power output at consCant levels which 
strongly depends on na.tural conditions such as weather. Z'he Agency of Science and
- Technology has started research program in which wind power is converCed into
thermal energy instead of electric energy by combining a windmill, a heat exchanger
and metallic hydrogen compounds. The newly developed system is a part of the
program. The system concept shown in Fig 1 is that electricity obtained from
na.tural energies is used as the power supply for a solid electrolyte bath and the
metallic hydrogen compound absorbs the hydrogen generated by the eletrolysis of
water. Conversely with fuel cells, the solid electrolytic cell electrolyses
water by means of electrodes coated with special ion exchange membranes at both
sides as shown in Fi g. 2. Water in contact with the anode is decomposed into
hydrogens ions and oxygen gas. Only hydrogen ions can pass through the ion
exchange membrane and comes out as hydrogen gas at the catrode. ' GE and_Billings
Energy Co. in the L.S.A. have put equipment on the market.
Solid aloctrolytie cell
yoltmece~
- Pressure gsup�
r -_f
:"Solar betsery
I _ : ,
I E: � Wind pc Ner qenaration
11S
l___J
J/
Oehydrator
141
4~.e;
Wind power penerator
~ Pump
~ / ~�,~~~:t 't~'
Pun water tink
Mets'I;c hydropen compound ion eRChanye resin
Fig. 1. Schematic Diagram for the New System
29
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Ion eachanpo membran�
Cathod