JPRS ID: 9278 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300080050-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 38
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 50
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9567
24 February 1981
Sub-Saharan Af rica Report
FOUO No. 709
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPR5 L/9567
24 February 1981
, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 709
CONTENTS
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
Libyan Intervention Reportedly Brings New ira to Chad
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MIDITERRANEENS, 26 Dec 80) 1
Wesr African Centr.al Bank Board Meets in Niamey
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 26 Dec 80) 4
Briefs
French Priorities in Africa
ANGOLA
6
Economic Recovery Seen Slow in Coming
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Feb 81) 7
Briefs
FAPLA Delegation to Czechoslovakia 8
French Parliamentary Delegation 8
USSR Military Delegation $
Joint Commission With Czechosloyakia 8
Sonangol Directives 8
French Parliamentary Delegates g
Yugoslav Gommunist League Delegation 9
' EFC Food Aid 9
CAMEROON
Briefs
Agreement With GDR 10
CC)MORU ISLANDS
Reaction to Creation of Opposition Committee Reported
(Elie Ramaro; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 22 Dec 80) 11
- a - [zII -NE&A-120i'G:;(,']
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European Development Fund Provides Credits
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 26 Dec 80) . 14
Brief s
Agricultural Sales Poor
Bank Missions, Kuwaiti Delegation
Delegation to Islamic Meeting
GAMBIA
is
15
15
New Promises of Constitutional Reform
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 26 Dec 80) 16
GUINEA-BISSAU
Briefs
Japanese Agricultuical Assistance 17
Libyan Delegation 17
MALI
Traore Expresses Desire to Reintegrate UMOA
(MAR.CHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Feb 81) 18
MOZAMBIQUE
Briefs
Foreign Trade
Fruit Juice Production
Coal Production Up
NIGER
Briefs
Swiss Financing Agreement
CCCE Loan
NIGERIA
Briefs
Relations With Israel
Cooperation With Algeria
19
19
19
20
20
21
21
SENEGAL
Senghor Seen Leaving Difficult Ecanomic, Political Situation to Diouf
_ (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 9 Jan 81) 22
EIB Loan to SONACOS Granted
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERItANEENS, 26 Dec 80) 28
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- Change in BIAO Status
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 26 Dec 80) 29
Briefs .
_ Agricultural Credit 30
CCCE Loan 30
Anti-Fraud Campaign 30
TANZANIA
Briefs
Relaunching of Sisal Production 31
GDR Economic Agreements 31
NBC Operations in 1979/1980 31
UGANDA
Chief of Staff Interviewed
(David Oyite Ojok Interview; SUDANOW, Jan 81) 32
_ c _
nnn ATTTOT AT ttcr. I'tATr V
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIItg
LIBYAN INTERVENTION REPORTEDLY BRINGS NEW ERA TO CHAD
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 pp 3511, 3512
[Article by F.G.: "A New Era for Chad and Africa"]
[Text] His victory barely solidified, President Goukouni Oueddei appealed to
France for aid in the reconstruction of Chad and its capital, devastated by war.
Likewise Fekoua Laoukissan, minister plan of the Provisional National Union Govern-
ment (GUNT), has asked the OAU to form a technical commission zo institute a
"Marshall Plan" for Chad. The minister estimates that the destruction caused by
the civil war will come to more than 200 billion CFA francs, not counting aid for
= the relocation of refugees.
At the same time GUNT insists on its desire for peace. It denounces the demands
of the defeated enemy, reporting having found graveyards in N'djamena before it is
even known whether they are not perhaps cemeteries. It complains of a defamation
campaign directed toward the outside world and minimizes, as does Libya, against
all evidence to the contrary, the importance of the intervention of Colonel
al.-Qadhdhafi's men in all of northern Chad.
The convergence of GUNT's diplomatic offensive with that of Libya is noteworthy.
Tripoii unceremoniously attacks Washington: the State Department had expressed
the "concern of the United States over the Libyan intervention in Chad." A spokes-
man for the JANA press agency in turn accused "the American Government of wanting
to intervene in the internal affairs of Africa and of Chad." There is a more conciliatory tone used toward Paris: on 22 December Francois-Poncet
received Ahmed Chahati, Libyan secretary of state for foreign affairs, at the Quai
d'Orsay. He told him that a rapid evacuation of Libyan troops from Chad and their
replacement by an inter-African force capable of acting as intermediary between
the different facrions of the Chad Army would be helpful. But for Libya, and as
well as for GUNT, there are no longer any enemy factions since the legitimate
government of Chad, with the help of a friendly nation, has defeated the rebels.
Furthermore, French criticism of the Libyan intervention has been indirect: in
, the 13 December communique from the Elysee Palace just before the departure of
Hissein Habre as well as in the statements made to the Foreign Affairs Committee
of the National Assembly on 19 December by Francois-Poncet, who expressed France's
"disapproval" of "what seemed to be a serious violation," on the part -of one of
the cosi ners of the terms of the 1978 La
8 , gos accords pn Chad.
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Despite criticism by the public and by French political parties of this kind of
detachment on the part of a government which seems unsure of its goals, the govern-
ment insists on the contrary that there are strict limits imposed on its action.
Robert Galley took it upon himself to say that France could not intervene in Chad
as it had in Zaire because the Ndjamena government had not asked for its help and
the Lagos accords "explicitly" demanded the removal of French troops from the Chad
capital.
This attitude does not prevent France, according to Francois-Poncet, from "perfectly
understanding the concern shown by the African states." President Senghor has
expressed this concern forcefully several times. Other statements have echoed it.
Undoubtedly the most notable statement appears in the final communique of the UDEAC
[Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa] meeting of heads of state (from
Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Congo and Gabon) in Brazzaville on 19
December. After listening to Colonel Kamougue, GUNT vice president, assure them
that Chadians are intransigent nationalists, these heads of state in effect demanded
that all countries refrain from interfering or intervening in Chad's affairs in
any way. But the OAU and the countries worried about the Libyan Army's successes have no
intention of making a military response to Colonel al-Qadhdhafi's offensive. In
the absence of ineans of its own, the pan-African organization should appeal to
the United Nations if it wants a neutral force in Chad. Diplomacy is the way to
calm fears created by the present situation.
Thus, on 23 December a conference of the OAU ad hoc subcommittee took place in
Lagos, including, in addition to representatives of the various Chad parties,
representatives of Sierra Leone (guaranteeing chairing by the OAU), Benin, Cameroon,
the Central African Republic, Congo, Guinea, Niger, Libya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan
and Togo, to examine the consequences of the signing of the Lome accords last 28
November. These accords call for the demilitarization of N'dj amena and the removal
of foreign troops from Chad. They were signed by President Goukouni Oueddei, but
Hissein Habre refused to initi.al them because the text did not condemn Libya..
Since his defeat, the FAN (Northern Armed Forces) leader grudgingly signed the
accords in Yaounde on 16 December.
At first President Goukouni Oueddei refused to go to Lagos. He felt that Hahre's
defeat nullified the Lome accords. Vice President Kamougue, on the other hand,
was noticeably pleased at the prospect of the conference. The GUNT president
finally decided to go to the Nigerian capital. But this was only to discuss the
reconstruction of Chad and only under the condition that Hissein Habre be kept out
- of the discussions between 10 heads of state and Libyan representative Triki.
In the end the meeting came to nothing. Thus,_ there is cause for concern about
the implications for Africa of a new era in the history of Chad opening up after
the success of Colonel al-Qadhdhafi's troops in N'djamena, a success all the more
remarkable for the logistics involved, since it had been necessary to transport
tanks thousands of kilometers through the desert and on poor roads.
Since FROLINAT controls the Tibesti passes, it could have stopped any Libyan
invasion. It d;.d not this time. And actually, as is being said in N'djamena,
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it is no longer an invasion but an alliance. Last June's Libya-Chad treaty goes
so far as to speak of the common destiny of the two peoples.
Colonel a1-Qadhdhafi's ambitions went through several stages. First he exhumed
an old French-I*_alian treaty to challeiige the internationally recognized borders
of independent Libya and to anr.ex the Aouzou strip. He then established numerous
relations with FROLINAT, or at least with some of its members, because the Chad
revolut?onary movement quickly lost its facade of unity. Finally, after many ups
and downs the men in power in N'djamena asked for his help in gaining a victory
which was slow in coming.
- This is not an innocent alliance. A Libyan administration would be established
in northern Chad, as had been previously done for the Aouzou strip alone. The
Dar es Islam, dominated by Tripoli, would naturally be callpd upon to strengthen
secular ties, which have never really been broken, between the Mediterranean
coastline, the Fezzan and the territories extending south toward Lake Chad aiid
Chari. Thus despite the declarations of Chad unity, these areas will move away
from what was called "useful Chad" and what was actually another climate, another
civilization, another world. This tendency has already begun.
France has undoubtedly been waiting for GUNT to call for economic aid, as it is
doing, in order once again to have a pr2sence in N'djamena and in northern Chad.
It is certainly an enormous task to rebuild the entire economy of a country. It
is hard to imagine who would be capable of doing it besidas the former colonial
rulers.
Is there also betting on nationalist reactions, future disputes, to predict a
short-lived Libyan victory in the mess which Chad will become? That is possible,
but it is disturbing that France should have sat back passively and watched Colonel
al-Qadhdhafi's victory in N'djamena.
Whatever immediate ambitions the visionary Libyan leader may have are only partly
the cause of the fears of South-Saharan Africa. These fears arise as much from
the vague perception that an era is ending, the colonial heritage of an era of
stability which the OAU has made its creed.
For the first time in nearly a century the barrier imposed by European powers
between the Mediterranean and Subsaharan Africa has been pierced where it was
the weakest, in the Tibesti. There should be cause for concern because the area
around Lake Chad is also the center of gravity of the entire continent.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1981
' 8693
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
WEST AFRICAN CENTRAL BANK BOARD MEETS IN NIAMEY
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3531
[Text] The Board of Directors of the Central Bank of West African States (Benin,
Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, Senegal, and Togo) met on 19 December in.Niamey and
took note of their unfavorable external position, a communique reports.
According to the communique, the board asked member governments to continue their
efforts for a lasting recovery of West African Monetary Union (UMOA) finances.
It considered it necessary fcr member governments to strengthen measures taken in
the monetary and public finance area and advised them to apply for funds from the
International Monetary Fund with a view to balance of payments adjustment.
On the basis of recommendations by the UMOA Council of Ministers, the board set
1981 maximums for Central Bank interventions in each of the states and adopted the
body of provisions relating to money and credit, in particular regarding changing
the Currency Issuing Institute over to a monthly system of refinancing, handling
preliminary authorizations, and monitoring the level of external debt of the banks.
The board also approved the Central Bank's books for 1479-1980.
The Monetary Situation as of 30 June 1980
The Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) recently issued its pexiodic analysis
of the monetary situation as of 30 June 1980 of the West African Monetary Union
(UMOA) which encompasses six countries: Benin, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger,
Senegal, and Togo.
The 1979-1980 agricultural season was mainly characterized by the appearance of
drought areas in certain Sahel countries and by a price decline for the maiti agricul-
tural products exported by the countries of the union, which has slowed crop sales.
Also, the economies of inember countries were strongly affected by price increases
for their oil supplies.
Therefore the UMOA monetary situation during the period from 30 June 1979 to
30 June 1980 was marked by an appreciable deterioration in its net external position,
a drop in the growth of domestic credit following on a reduction in the rate of
credit expansion in the economy, slower monetary expansion, and a drop in the annual
rate of increase in Central Bank assistance to banks and financial establishments.
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Over the course of the 12 months, the net external assets position strongly declined
due to the deterioration in trade balances and Che increase in service expenditures
' in certain countries in the union. The negative balance on 30 June 1980 was the
equivalent of 211.7 billion CFA francs, compared with an overall negative balance
of 8 billion CFA francs at the end of June 1979. The only creditors were Niger and
Togo, while Ivory Coast (-146.6 billion CFA francs), Senegal (-94.8 billion) and
Benin (-20.6 billion) had considerable external debt. In ivory Coast, the decline
is attributable to a worsening of the balance on current account due to the policy
of withholding cocoa and to the rise in imports. In Senegal, the increased deficit
is the result of an increased deficit in the trade balance.
The national treasuries on an overall basis had a debt of 4.6 billion CFA francs on
30 June 1980 as against a surplus of 87.4 billion a year before. Senegal, Togo and
Upper Volta are debtors while the three other countries were in the black.
The volume of credit went from 1.191 trillion CFA francs at the end of June 1979 to
1.399 trillion at ttie end of June 1980 (+17.5 percent), a slower rise than the one
recorded between July 1978 and June 1979 (+26.6 percent). In Niger the heavy demand
for credit is the result of bank assistance to the mining sector for uranium mining.
From 30 June 1979 to 30 June 1980, money in circulation went from 264 billion to
305 billion CFA francs. The increase was particularly sizable in ivory Coast (+24.3
percent). Over the same period, the total amount of private sector bank deposits
went up from 500.4 billion to 645 billion CFA francs; the increase was particularly
notabl.e in ivory Coast (+43.7 percent) while Senegal showed a slight decline (-0.3
percent). The situation was the reverse with regard to public sector bank deposits,
which fell from 215 billion to 123 billion CFA francs, but the decline was mainly
in ivory Coast due to massive withdrawals made by the Caisse de Stabilisation
- [government marketing authority for primary products].
From June 1979 to June 1980 total credits refinanced by the Central Bank went up from
314 billion to 397.4 billion CFA francs (+26.7 percent, as compared with +44.3
percent the year before). Although the Central Bank's financing role diminished in
Upper Volta and Senegal during this period, it was enhanced in the four other countries
in the monetary union.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1980
9631
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
FRENCH PRIORITIES IN AFRICA--The French Foreign Trade Center (CFCE) has placed
Nigeria on the list of the twelve "first priority" countries, along with two
other African countries, Algeria and Zimbabwe. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 2541
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; .
ANGOL.
ECONOMIC RECOVERY SEEN SLOW IN COMING
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 295
[Text] Despite increased revenue from oil, whose production of 9 million tons
should double by 1985 with the exploitation of recently discovered deposits,
Angola's economic situation has been improving at a very slow rate. The Angolan
national oil company, SONANGOL, started operating the new Soyo II oil field in the
northern part of the cotm try at the end of 1980. In July 1980, Elf-Aquitaine ob-
tained a contract for off-shore exploration and exploitation of possible depoeits.
However, American firms remain largely absent.
~ The state agricultural sector has been encuimtering difficulties in meeting the pro-
duction goals assigned to it. For 1980, coffee exports have been estimated at
- 48,000 tons (a decrease of 20 percent), or, in other words, one-fourth of the 1973
production. Income from the 1980 exports has been estimated at 160 million kwanzas
(1 kwanza = 0.15 French francs).
, In 1979 the DIAMANG company (77 percent of its stock is held by the state) pro-
duced over 1 million carats compared to 770,000 in 1979. Production for 1980 could
- reach 1.5 million carats.
France is an important commercial partner of Angola; its 1980 sales will probably
amount to 500 mil.iion francs. However, Eastern bloc countries still occupy first
place in Angolan foreign trade.
The Benguela-Lobito railroad is technically in a position to transport copper ore
from Shaba and Zambia, but security problems continue to hamper operations. In
March, Angola nationalized the Angolan Manganese Company, since accumulated losses
exceeded its capital.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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ANGOLA
- BRIEFS
FAPLA DELEGATION TO CZECHOSLOVAKIA--A delegation from the political section of the
People's Armed Forces of Angola (FAPLA) has left for Prague on a friendshxp visit.
^the delegation had been invited by Gen Antonin Brabec, chief of the political sec-
tion of the People's Army of Czechoslovakia. It is led by Dino Matrosse, deputy
- minister of defense and member of the political secretari-at of the MPLA. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEN S in French 23 Jan 81 p 208]
FRENCH PARLIAN'"NTARY DELEGATION--The Fxench parliamentary delegation headed by
Maxime Kalinsky, the communist deputy who is the president of the Franco-Angolan
Friendship Group of the National Assembly, ended its visit to Luanda on 28 January.
During a press conference in the Angolan capital, the president and the members of
_ this delegation referred to the development of economic cooperation between two
countries and to political problems: the "non-declared" war in which Angola is
suffering from South African aggression, the need for Namibia to obtain without de-
_ lay an internationally recognized independence and the use by Pretoria of French-
manufactured weapons, even though France has not been selling armaments to South
Africa~since 1977. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
6 Feb 81 p 329]
USSR MILITARY DELEGATION--A Soviet military delegation headed by Rear Aduiiral Valen-
tin Vlasov arrived in Luanda on 26 January for a 12-day visit to Angola "within
the framework of the reinforcement of military cooperation between the two coun-
tries." (Text ][Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 329 ]
JOINT COMMISSION WIT H CZ ECHO SLOVAKIA--The Czechoslovakia-Angola commission met in
Luanda from 20 to 22 January to review the situation which has evolved since the
first session took place in Prague in June 1979. ThE Czechoslovak delegation in-
cluded notably Andrej Barcak, minister of foreign trade and Bohimi.l Urban, minister
of industry. The Angolan delegation was headed by Bento Ribeiro, minister of in-
dustry, assisted by Adolfo Nsikalangu, state secretary for cooperation and Graciano
Mande, deputy minister of agriculture for forest ry affairs. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 3291
SONANGOL DIRECTIVES--Follwing the publication of the SONANGOL communique i:iviting
foreign companies to submit bids for oil exploration, it is specifieci Lltdt these
bids concern the off-shore bloc No 1 and that they should be submitted by 28 Feb-
ruary. Negotiations to award the contract are planned for the month of March.
SONANGOL wishes that oil exploration conducted ty forPign companies--which has been
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so far limited to the northern part of Angola--should now include the southern part
of the ccuntry as well. Off-shore oil exploration is divided into 13 blocs; how-
- ever, only bloc No 2 in the Congo basin--now exploited by Texaco--has been opera-
- ting so far. Exploration in bloc No 3 had been awarded last July to the French
company Elf-Aquitaine. [Text] [Paris MARCHES T.ROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
6 Feb 81 p 329]
FRENCH PARLIAMENTARY DELEGATES--A French parliamentary delegation arrived in
Luanda on 21 January for a 1-week visit. The delegation was invited by the
Angolan League of Friendship and Solidarity With Peoples (LAASP) and was led by
a French communist deputy, Maxime Kalinski, who is also chairman of the parlia-
mentary Franco-Angolan rriendship group. The visit took place 1 week after the
visit of French Foreign Minister Jean Francois--Poncet to Angola. [Text] ILParis
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET ME,DITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 268]
- YUC;OSLAV COMMUNIST LEAGUE DELEC.ATION--A delegation from the Communist League of
Yugoslavia made an official visit to Angola from 18 to 24 January. It had been
invited by the MPLA-Labor Party. The delegation was led by Mi1os Minic, member
of the presidency of the league's Central Committee and president of the federal
social council for foreign policy. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
:EDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 268]
EEC FOOD AID--The European Commission has approved the Council's proposed appropriation
to grant immediate assistance to Angola in the form ot 250 tons of powdered milk.
The Angolan authorities urgently asked for a small amount of milk out of the 1980
food program that will be distributed free to 2 million peoFle (children, elderly and
pregnant women) who are alarmingly malr.ourished and are just now comi.ng out of the
bush where they had taken refuge. This immediate aid is on top of any assistance
activity decided on in the context of the 1981 program. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3550] 9631
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~
CAMEROON
BRIEFS
AGREEMENT WITH GDR--On 18 December in East Berlin, the GDR and Cameroon signed a
trade agreement involving bilateral cooperation in economic, industrial, and
technical-scientific sectors. This agreement, the duration of which has not been
' spelled out, was signed for the GDR by Mr Friedmar Clausnitzer, deputy minister
of foreign trade, and by Mr Pierre Desire Engo, deputy minister of economy and plan-
ning �or Cameroon. The same day, Mr Engo, who was staying in the GDR heading a
Cameroonian Government delegation, was received by Mr Harst Soellgn, East German
minister of foreign trade. During the meeting, the two men decided among other
things to increase the cooperation between their two countries. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3544] 9064
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COri0R0 ISLANDS
REACTION TO CREA.TION OF OPPOSITION COMMITTEE REPORTED
Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 22 Dec 80 pp 34-35
[Article by Elie Ramaro]
[Text] Ubu in the perfumed archipelago...where, from a side-splitting session of
the Comoro Islands Federal Assembly, one can tell that the regime set up by the
merCenary Bob Denard will not be around much longer....
The story unfolds in Moroni, the comic-opera capital of the Comoro Islands: since
the arrival of Bob Denard, the return of Ahmed Abdallah and the assassination of the
revolutionary leader Ali Soilih, everything has been restored to the old order which
prevailed during colonial days. The functionaries, chased out by Soilih's friends,
have reopened their offices, manifesting their usual self-complacency: the lines
of beggars or poor peasants who have come by foot from the very end of the Grand
Comoro, waiting before closed doors. "He is out.... He is in a meeting.... He
is going to return."
The new "Presidential Guard," organized on the Gabonese model, is 300 men strong and
handsomely paid (80,000 CFA francs a month, which, in the Comoro Islands, is an
exceptional salary); it trains, goose-stepping, under the supervision of Bob Denard's
mercenaries, who form its officer corps. In the barracks around Moroni and on the
islands of Moheli and Anjouan, soldiers of the National Army, fairly tattered--and
paid only 15,000 CFA francs a month--are commanded by officers and noncommissioned
officers of the French military technical assistance.
The.econamy, business, the several development projects are in the hands of the "gang
of three," who completely control export-import in tandem with Gilbert Bourgeaud--
alias "Bob Denard"--and Christian Olagharay, his principal confederate, who owns the
only large garage of the archipelago, the navigation company, etc. These are, on
the Comoro side, President Ahmed Abdallah himself--beyond doubt one of the richest
men of the south Indian Ocean; his former "copresident," Mohammed Ahmed, and a local
big businessman of Indian ancestry, Kalfan.
Saudis anxious to bestow their liberalities, international investors dispensing credits,
are being insistently beseeched to rain down their manna preferrably on the island
of Anjouan, the fatherland of Ahmed Abdallah. The Mayotte case is almost forgotten.
The youth are asked to behave at school, to frequent the mosques and to obey their
elderly parents. The few people of consequence judged to be dangerous to the regime,
such as former Minister of Foreign Affairs Mouzaoir Abdallah, are under constant
surveillance by the famous guard. The teaffi of hard-core Soilihists--about 20 men--
are still locked up; for more than 2 years they have bten awaiting an unlikely
judgement.
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It was in this climate of decomposition and expectancy that the "Kemal affair"
exploded, several manths ago, like a thunderbolt. Said Ali Kemal, one of the sons
of the late prince Said Ibrahim, appointed ambassador from the Comoro Islands to
France by Abdallah in 1978, solemnly resigned his post and decided to go into exile
in France. "In the name of God, the compassionate and merciful," he accused President
Abdallah of having prevented any change, of having refused an opening toward youth
and of raving completely abandoned the peasant population to its great misery.
Last October, Said Ali Kemal repeated the offense, announcing from Paris the creation
of a National Comnittee of Public Salvation: thus, for the first time since the
coup d'etat of the mercenaries, a"credible" Comoria person of consequence spoke his
mind publicly and proposed to serve: as a rallying point f or all innovative forces
of the archipelago in order to offer the country an alternative. Kemal then called
for the immediate resignation of Ahmed Abdallah and declared that he was ready to
constitute a government of national union which would begin by liberating political
prisoners, organizing elections and promoting a return to normal political life.
Better yet: he advocated the urgent reestablishment of normal relations with Madagascar
and the entry of the Comoro Islands into the concert of nonalined nations in the
struggle for an "Indian Ocean zone of peace."
' The repercussions of this initiative were incalculable in the Comoro Islands: Abdallah,
infuriated, came even to distrust his best friends; the deputies of the Federal Assembly,
all "elected" on his orders, came to blows; the mercenaries who had remained in the
Camoro Islands, in positions of command--"Major Charlie," "Captain Jerry," "Christian,"
"Love Throac"--began to realize that their paradisiacal stay in the perfumed archi-
pelago might be interrupted before long. And everyone thinks they detect everywhere
the underground action of "Kemal committees" busy gnawing away at the regime from
without and from within, right up to the very corridors of government and the assembly.
The assembly itself? Soilih had closed it, like everything else, because of idleness
and incompetence. Abdallah brought it back to life and stamped his style on it. The
other week, it sat therefore, in special session, with one single point on its agenda:
voting a resolution of solidarity with Ahmed Abdallah, its boss who had been so
severely lampooned by Kemal. The te:ct states that the assembly rejects every sub-
versive movement, energetically condemns any attempt at trying to gain power by
military force (while the regime itself came into being by a coup d'etat and, more-
over, is perpetuated by foreign mercenaries), asks Abdallah to continue to exercise
full power and calls upon him to refuse to permit the creation of any political
parties, on as well as off the islands.
It was supposed to be a pro forma meeting. But it was entirely disorderly, to the
stupefaction of diplomatic observers.
President Taki: "Here is the resolution. I put it to a vote."
, Said Attoumani, Ahmed Abdallah's former interior minister, who was considered only a
few months ago to be the strongman of the regime: "Are we elected officials or
children obliged to do as we are told?"
Taki: "We have to vote first: you can speak afterward."
~ The result: 7 deputies, out of 29 present, abstained from approving the resolution.
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Former strongman Said Attoumani: "Democracy is being ridiculed. Everything is going
downhill. There are serious problems, and all you can find to do is talk about
Kemal...."
"Shut up and get out!" President Taki shouted at him.
The rebel refused. Prime Minister Salim Benali agreed to call in the police force.
Some deputies were opposed to this. A shoving match ensued. With a gesture, Taki--
who realized that the meeting was being transmitted live by Radio-Comoro--gave the
signal, but a little late, to cut the antenna. Already, around the assembly building, _
informed listeners were crowding to witness the event at firsthand. _
In Moroni, people are still talking about it. And awaiting the next incidents....
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Afrique-Asie
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i
~
COMORO ISLANDS
' EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND PROVIDES CREDITS
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANNEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3550
[Text] We indicated on page 3491 of our 19 December 1980 issue that the fifth
European Development Fund (EDF) indicative program for Comoros involves over 5
billion Comorian francs (100 million French francs). This program was the subject
of the EEC mission to the Comoros from 29 November to 6 December led by Deputy
Development Director Michel Hauswirth from the European Communities Commission.
In fact, the program will come to between 13 and 16 million European units of
account [UC] (between 77.3 and 95.2 million French francs) including 1.6 million UC
(952,000 French francs) in the form of loans on special terms. The credits will
be broken down as follows:
1. Opening up isolated areas and econamic infrastructure, 60 percent: port development
at Moroni and Moheli; devel.opment of local energy resources (hydroelectric on Moheli
and Anjouan, geothermal on Grand Comoro).
2. Agricultural development, 18 percent: crop diversification assistance, particularly
continuing with the corn program; soil restoration in the Nioumakele region (Anj ouan).
3. Social infrastructure, 9 percent: supplying drinking water.
4. Microprojects, 2 percent: improving living conditions for rural population
(water, electricity, health, education).
5. Trade promotion, 0.5 percent.
' 6. Training, 2.5 percent.
7. Reserve fund, 8 percent.
During the fifth EDF, under the regional projects program Comoros will also be able
to receive financial aid of between 15 and 20 million UC (88 to 118 million French
francs).
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1980
9631
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COMORO ISLANDS
BRIEFS
AGRICULTURAL SALES POOR--The slump in sales of agricultural products, including
ylang-ylang and especially vanilla, is greatly reducing the chances for Comoros to
get the credit it needs so badly for its economy and social welfare activity. BuC
- the Comorian authorities recently asserted that they are determined ta pursue their
policy of stockpiling and possible destruction of stock as necessary instead of
agreeing to lower prices European and American importers are calling for. President
Ahmed Abdallah revealed his feelings about this to an American journalist questioning
him on the subject: "It is unjust, inhuman and inconceivalbe that the same people
who constantly raise the prices of manufactured goods they sell us continue to gener-
ally set the prices of our agricultural products and of raw materials only to their
own advantage without any concern for the fate of our starved producers and our
economies which they are suffocating. As for our vanilla, we prefer to any event
to stockpile or destroy it as necessary rather than agree to the lower prices they
are shamelessly asking for." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 26 Dec 80 p 3550] 9631
BANK MISSIONS, KUWAITI DELEGATION--An African Development Bank (ADB) mission spent
2 weeks (22 November to 6 December 1980) in Comoros to study certain projects affecC-
ing economic and social development. The World Bank sent two field missions during
the same period both to evaluate existing projects under financing of the IDA
[International Development Association] (the road-building program in particular)
and to bring up to date the socioeconomic report completed in 1977-1978, which is
an outstanding reference document on Comoros. Finally, a delegation from Kuwait
stayed in Comoros from 6 to 10 December in connection with existing relations and
ties between the two countries. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 26 Dec 80 p 3550] 9631
DELEGATION TO ISLAMIC MEETING--A Comorian delegation led by Mikidache Abdou' Rahim,
technical adviser in the president's office, tookpart in the 22-27 November 1980
meetings of the Economic, Technical and Cultural Committee of the Islamic Conference
General Secretariat as part of the preparation for the meetings of the Islamic
Conference Foreign Affairs Ministers Council. The council is to consider the broad
strategy options for the Muslim countries' "development decade" as well as the
options the Islamic Solidarity Fund board of directors is facing. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3550] 9631
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GAMBIA
NEW PROMISES OF CONSTITUTIONAL REF'ORM
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3533
[Article:� "New Promises of Constitutional Reform"]
[Text] On 21 December, President Da.uda Jawara renewed a promise already made nearly
2 years ago (MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS of 1 June 1979, page 14$9), to
reform the Gambian constitution. He asserted tha,t this reform would be studied
during the next congress of the government party, the People's Progressive Farty
[PPP], which is to be held next Ma,y.
The new constitution is expected to have a socialist character and to produce a
decentralization of power. Moreover, the president spoke of a"socialist PPP,"
and it was noted that this was the first time tha,t such a label was officially
given to the party.
The discovery of a plot, the breaking off of diploma.tic relations with Libya, the
beginning of unrest and the recourse to Senegalese troups, last November (MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS of 21 November 1980, page 3089), apparently prompted
the authorities not to delay further the promised reforms.
Furthermore, it has been noted that Gambia already practices pluralism (the opposi-
tion party, the National Congress Party [NCP] has 5 seats in parliament as against
29 for the PPP), and if it were to opt for a socialist policy, Senegalese fashion,
the government party would fulfill the conditions required for being a member of
the Socialist Interafrican as well as the Socialist International. It is also being
added that the PPP is.even a member of the committee in chaxge of prepaxations for
the constituent congress of the Interafrican, which is to be held in February 1981
in Tunis.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paxis, 1980
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GUINEA-BISSAU
BRIEFS
JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL ASSISTANCE--Japan has granted financial assistance amounting
to 200 million yen (approximately 200 million CFA) to Guinea-Bissau under the
terms of an agreement signed in Dakar. The donation will finance a rice growing
project in the Rio Gaba basin in the western-central part of the country. Japanese
Ambassador Sono Uchida announced at the same time that a team of Japanese experts
will visit Bissau next April. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
in French 30 Jan 81 p 2481
LIBYAN DELEGATION--A Libyan delegation visited Bissau on 25 and 26 January to
assess the situation in Africa and bilateral cooperation. The delegation was led
by Mr Al Obeidi, secretary of the "People's Bureau for Foreign Relations." [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 30 Jan 81 p 2481
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MALI
TRAORE EXPRESSES DESIRE TO REINTEGRATE UMOA
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 309
[.T.ext ] Returning to Bamako after participating in the third Islamic summit in
Ta.L, President Moussa Traore of Mali stopped over in Paris on 29 and 30 January,
where he met with the president of the French republic. The 21st ssssion of the
mixed Franco-Malian commission was s imultaneously taking place in Paris from 28
January to 2 February.
President Traore himself referred to the fact that Mali may rejoin the West African
Monetary Union (UMAO). This problem is all the more pressing because the various
monetary agreements signed between France and Mali at the time the latter had
negotiated in 1967 its return to the franc zone it had left in 1962 expire on
3 May of this year. The Franco-Malian agreements of 15 February 1967 and 19 Decem-
ber 1967, as well as the 28 March 1968 agreement which had insured the converti-
bility of the Malian franc through a guarantee by the French Treasury had been re-
newed on 3 May 1977 for a 4-year period.
The withdrawal of the Malian franc and its replacement by the franc CFA would
eventually pose a number of problems. A delegation from the West African States
Central Bank under governor Fadiga came to Bamako on 2 February to study these prob-
lems and various measures will be reviewed during the period of transition by the
competent monetary authorities. Thus, despite the desire expressed by all inter-
ested parties to reply as soon as possible to Mali's request, it does not appear
probable that its reintegration could be effected soon, and probably not before
the end of this year.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981.
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MOZAMBIQUE
BRIEFS
FOREIGN TRADE--Foreign trade for 1979 amounted to 18.6 billion meticals and exports
reached 8.3 billion (33 meticals ger dollar). Main exported products were cashews,
cotton, sisal, copra, tea, sugar and shrimp. Having based its development during
the years after independence on assistance from Eastern bloc countries, Mozambique
is now increasingly looking to the West. Trade with France in 1979 amounted to 130
iro.llion francs in French sales against 53 million in purchases of MDzambican prod-
ucts. [Excerpts] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p
295] .
- FRUIT JUICE PRODUCTION--Mozambique has two citrus fruit juice plants. Qne of them,
the Loumar plant, was modernized last year and was able to produce about 1,400,000
liters in 1980, compared to 843,000 the year before, 760,000 liters in 1978 and
330,000 liters in 1973. Production goals for this year have been set at 1,600,000
liters, but following continued modernizing of the equipment, production should
reach 4,750,000 liters. The company should start exporting its products as of
this,year. [Excerpt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81
p 329]
COAL PRQDUCTION UP--In 1980, the Moatize coal mines exploited by the CARBOMOC Com-
pany exceeded by 15,000 tons their prouciction forecasts of 390,000 tans, despite
the fact that this company had been paralyzed during the first quarter of the year.
[Excerpt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Feb 81 p 329]
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NTGER
BRIEFS
SWISS FINANCING AGREEMENT On 4 December, a financing agreement, in the amount of
360 million CFA [African Financial Community] francs, was signed between Switzerland
and Niger. Because of this agreement, the West Africa section of the Swiss Ministry
of Cooperation is financing two projects related to the National Forestry Commission.
The first project, in the amount of 200 million CFA francs (the Swiss share is 160
million) is intended for the development project of the/roneraie of Da11n1 Ma,ouri/
[in italics]. The long term objectives of this project are the exploitation at a
; sustained productivity level and the conservation of the roneraie of Da13d Maouri.
It involves specifically the implementation of an integrated development plan and
the establishment of an adjusted system of exploitation, capable of satisfying the
needs of the popula~ion. The second project, in the amount of 160 million CFA
francs (140 million CFA francs for the Swiss shase) involves development around the
, /drilling/ [in ital ics] sites, in the depaxtment of Tahoua. The objectives of this
second project are aimed at, with the paxticipation of the people, restorin tecological balance and improving vegetable and animal production. Text] rp-~M
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEa1S in French 26 Dec 80 p 35361 ~463
; CCCE LOAN The Central Fund for Economic Cooperation [CCCE] has just granted Niger
, a loan of 7.1 million French francs (355 iillion CFA francs), which corresponds to
the cost of a pilot project in the development of aquaculture. It involves, on the
one hand, the feasability study for growing tilapia (a kind of carp) in the Niger
' river and the hydro-agricultural dams; on the other hand, it involves popular edu-
cation among the villagers, who axe potential fish producers. The pro ject is aimed
j at a laxge increase, in time, of the production of animal protein. [Paxis
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in ~ench 26 Dec 80 p 3540] $~Textl 63
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NIGERIA
BRIEFS
RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL--On 11 December, the leader of the opposition party, the United
Party of Niger ia (UPN), Chief Obafemi Awolowo, asked for a resumption of Nigeria's
diplomatic relations with Israel, broken in 1973. Chief Obafemi Awolowo feels that
a resumption of diplomatic relations with Israel would be as beneficial for Nigeria
as the normalization of their relations with Egypt were for the Hebrew state. The
UPN moreover called for amnesty for the former head of state, Gen Yakubu Gowon, and
for the former secessionist head of Biafra, Col Odumegwu Ojikwu. General Gowon,
who has lived in Great Britain since his overthrow in 1975, had been implicated in
the assassination of the former head of state, Gen Murtala Muhammed, in February 1976.
With regard to Colonel Ojukwu, who is living in ivory Coast, he is officially wanted
for questioning on the role he played during the Biafran war. We should not forget
that, defeated in the 1979 presidential elections, Chief Awolowo has remained the
f iercest opponent of the current head of state, Alhaji Shehu Shagari, and that he
has never missed an opportunity to try to put him in difficulty. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3541-3542] 9064
COOPERATION WITH ALGERIA--A drive was launched in Nigeria this December to send food
assistance to the victims of the E1 Asnam earthquake in Algeria. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3542] 9064
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SENEGAL
SENGHOR SEEN LEAVING DIFFICULT ECONOMIC, POLITICAL SITUATION TO DIOUF
Paxis MARCBES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 9 Jan 81 pp 59-61
[Text] There a.re few examples in histoxy--in Africa especially--of heads of
state Who voluntarily give up power. Steeped in the classics, Fresident
Senghor must ha.ve meditated on the famous example of Quintus Cincinnatus
returning to his farm after holding tne highest office in Rome in the 5th
century B.C. Plutarch described the simplicity xith which he put down his
toga, and put his hand to the plow.
President Senghor wanted his departure to ha,ve the sa,me roastraint. In his
"ery short resignation letter, given to the head of the Supreme Court, he only
said he wished to give younger men respnnsibility for his country's leader-
ship, which he ha,d exercised uninterruptedly since indepenuance. He then
left Senegal and will only return in a few weeks, alloxing his successor to
choose his prime minister freely (which he did) and define his ma,3or policy
_ themes.
One segment of S enegalese opposition criticized President Senghor's decision
as not facing responsibilities at an exceptionally difficult time in the
country's historyr. It is true tha.t the sluggishness of the Senega,lese
economy is worrisome, true too tha.t the world crisis, the increasing cost of
petroleum and the drought do not alone expla,in this situation. President
Senghor can be criticized for being too dista,nt from the daily problems of the
Senegalese peopl e not concerned, except for a small intellectual minority,
about the poetry and elucidation of Negritude and the French language which
brought him f,ame. He no doubt made mistakes, giving too much responsibility
to state compa.nies. Some were so badly managed that they ha,d to be abolished.
It would be qui:4 unjust to empha,size only the failures of President Senghor's
political work. L'nspite the outspoken remarls of the secretary general of
the PDS [Senegalese Democra,tic Party], he leaves the country at peace and the
succession process took pla.ce without any problems, according to the cla,uses
of the consti.tution, as in old European parliamentary democracies. The
government�s liberalism allowed for the existence of four political parties
while the activities of a scarcely clandestine Ma.rxist-I,eninist paxty were
tolerated. Under President Senghor's authority, the multipa,rty system worked
so well his successor can, witHout excessive fear, consider authorizing new
political parties ; this is wha,t some br; lla,nt personalities who ha.ve flourished
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in the freedom of Senegalese society desire. Ethnic rivalrv is not as pro-
nounced in Senegal as in most other African nations and, a ,nristian in a
country with a very large Moslem ma.3ority, President Senghor gained �,he
support of the two powerful religious brotherhoods, a political and economic
force with xhich the civil power rnust reckon.
Fina.lly, President Senghor's personal prestige gave Senegal exceptional status
in the international community, out of proportion with the size of its
population and its mediocre natural resources. Because of this regard for
its presiclent-poet, Senegal has received among the highest amounts of foreign
aid (not just French) per inhabitant for 20 years.
In looking ba,ck on his term, President Senghor can be proud of the considerable
achievements in public education, industrialization and social affairs.
Certainly, President Abdou Diouf has a difficult succession, because it is
- a formidable task to follow a man as renowne,-- G, President Senghor a.rid because
- the international economic situation is no mc-e. favorable to Senegal, without
oil for some yeaxs to come, than to most other African nations. He must make
Senegalese administration manage public affairs more effectively and proba.bly
disaxm opposition critics who want a greater nationa.l independence from the
West and especially from the farmer guardian power.
With the voluntary departure on 31 December 1980 of President Leopold Sedax
Senghor who, for 20 yeaxs from independence, was the head of state. Senegal
turned an important pa,ge in its history.
The Senegalese president's resignation was viewed in various ways. Some saw
it as an exemplary, coura,geous act while others considered it a spectacular
relinquishment oi power when the country is in a serious economic crisis.
However, Mr Senghor never concealed his intention to retire from the political
scene :"I am not leaving to set an example for other African heads of state.
I am leaving because that is wha,t should be done at the appropriate time.
This is Nhat I will accomplish. If I wish to set an example, it is for my
Senegalese successors so that they too, after completing their tas k, will have
the courage to leave."
More over, in his last speech to the Sene alese nation, the president insisted
on recalling: "When I was elected in 19~0, my primary goal was to train a
team to replace me politically..,. After my election tha.t yeax as first
pres ident oi the Republic of Senega,l, I decided in 1961 to retire at the end
of my term to return to teaching and my research." The abortive coup d'etat
on 17 December 1962 made the president reconsider.
In the same message to the nation, Mr Leopold Sedar Senghor noted the progress
his country had made since independence: "In 1960, our annual per capita income
was $160.00; in 1979, it was $463.00, an overall tripling of incomes even
though in 19 years, we have had 9 years of drought when we lost from one-third~
to two-thirds of our harvest every year." ~
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That is not all. In 1962, Senegal had 53,663 wage earners; in 1977, there
were 176,990; i.n other words, in 14 years, the number of wage earners had more
than tripled. In 1960, Senegalese capital in businesses was 5 percent; in
1979, it amounted to some 34 percent. Industry in 1960 represented 18 percent
of the GNP; in 1978, it amounted to 28 percent. Today, we are still the most
industrialized French-speaking country of Black Africa--I did not say the
richest. Finally, speaking of economic infrastructures, there were less than
1,000 km of surfaced roads in 1960; today in 1980, we have 3,444 km. In
education, we have achieved the best quantitive, but especially qualitive
results. Between 1960 and 1980, the number of children in primary schools has
increased from 107,789 to some 400,000. The number of high school students
increased from 9,534 to 85,374 and the number of college students from some
1,000 to more than 13,000."
A Difficult Situation
Despite these achievements, Presider,t Senghor leaves his successor, Mr Abdou
Diouf, prime minister for 10 years, a nation in a difficult political and
eccnomic situation.
As we stressed (See "Marches Tropicaux," 25 April 1980, p 963), 1980 will be
the worst year in Senegalese history. Only 423,000 tons of peanuts (based on
shell counts) from the 1979-1980 harvest were mariceted> Compared with figures
from preceding years (especially 1975-1976: 1,178,000 tons marketed), Senegal`s
harvest last year was the worst in 10 years.
Along with the decrease in exports and hence its foreign currency resources,
Senegal has continued to increase its imports. Its petroleum bill alone
amounted to 50 billion CFA francs.
Senegal's external debt, which amounted to 133.1 billion CFA francs in late
December 1979, has increased considerably.
Moreover, despite international aid, Senegal will still have 4 difficult years
until 1984, as President Senghor stressed. "Then," added the former head of
state, "we will begin to use our resources which are not enormous but are not
negligible either. Over 10 years ago, petroleum and iron were discovered
respectively off-shore and at sea. We will begin to pump our petroleum in 1983
and mine our iron in 1985-1986. At the same time, we will be able to exploit
our other energy resources--peat, lignite and uranium as well as oil."
In accordance with article 35 of the Senegalese constitution, the new head of
state will hold office until April 1983, when his predecessor's term would
have normally ended. The economic and financial recovery plan, with its
austerity measures, will be in effect during this entire period; it may be the
target of criticism and attacks from the legal as well as clandestine
opposition.
The great political unknown is the attitude of the Moslem brotherhoods whose
power is considerable, since Moslems represent approximately 87 percent of the
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population of Senegal,
President Senghor spent his last weeks as head of state meeting the most
important religious leaders in the country to thank them for their support.
After Tivaouane,the holy city of the Tidjanes (group to which President Abdou
Diouf belongs) and the Ndiassanes, the former head of state went to Touba, the
holy city of the Mourides, at the time of the great Magal. The khalif general
of the Mourides, Serigne Andou Lahat Mbacke, stated he would heed and help
anyone who wanted to aid the people: "I will speak with and work with him,
but the person who does nothing w ill have nothing in common with me as long as
I live," he stressed, thus giving conditional support to the new head of state.
Accepting the Challenge of the 80's
Presenting his successor to the Senegalese people, Mr Leopold Sedar Senghor
emphasized that, faced with the economic situation, Mr Abdou Diouf had the
advantage of being "a legal and financial specialist.... In my successor,
one will f ind all virtues; first, competence, honesty and modesty--I did nat
say humility--we African intellectuals possess this modesty so rarely. I
add that he is more determined than one thinks. You will soon find that out."
"I admire and remain faithful to my master," stated Mr Abdou Diouf in his first
address to the nation. "But as he taught me, the disciple's fidelity and the
master's inspiration do not in any way alter their respective personalities....
I will continue President Senghor's work, make changes and preserve what has
been achieved. Starting today, I accept the challenge of the 80's."
The head of state said: "Our country must live according to its means. We
must work harder to increase these means. We must economize in order to invest
more and thus improve our country's ability to weather all kinds of economic
hardships and make progress despite difficulties. We are already committed
along these lines because of our economic and financial recovery plan. This
policy will be carried out vigorously because it alone will enable our country
to rediscover the great equilibrium known to economists and vital to any
policy of economic and social development, in the greatest possible
independence. This policy is all the more necessary because the 1980 rainy
season was catastrophic. Despite the difficulties, I assure you that the
government will do everything possible to prevent famine and see the people are
properly nourished. .
On the international scene, a major change is not expected in the near future
in relations with other countries. Senegal's foreign policy is currently that
of a moderate African country--hostile to Soviet, Cuban and Libyan activities
in Africa, concerned about the conflict in nearby'Western Sahara and committed
to the lar ge economic communities being set up in West Africa. Some observers
feel, however, that Mr Diouf could, in the future, show a little more concern
for his country's economic recovery than for the role Senegal could play in the
diplomatic arena, where President Senghor made his mark.
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Toward Political Liberalization
Before giving Mr Diouf the oath of office, Mr Keba Mbaye, the first head of the
Supreme Court, made a speech advocating "political liberalization." He spoke
' in favor of a reformed electoral system,_where "pre- and postjurisdictional
, control would clear up any doubts about the accuracy of voting results." He
added, 'Those governing and those governed, political party members or not,
must accept without reservation the principle of succession at the highest
levels of government,r'
In domestic policy matters, Mr Abdou Diouf promised "to guarantee political
parties and respect all liberties. Democratic liberalization wi11 be con-
solidated and strengthened. Republican order will reign because there is a
firm, just and rigorous authority in a strong and respected nation.'r
The fact that the proposals for political liberalization were made by a judge
removed from the partisan struggles added force to his words which sounded like
a real address to the nation.
Mr Mbaye's remarks confirmed the recent persistent rumors that Mr Abdou Diouf
might enlarge the political arena. Currently, by law, there are only four
parties with obligatory labels: Socialist Party (in power), a liberal party
(PDS), a conservative party (Senegalese Republican Movement) and a Marxist
Party (African Independence Party.) This limit was mainly due to the fact that,
when launching the Senegalese multiparty experimer.t in 1974, the Socialist
Party, until then the only real party for 8 years, contested the allocation of
electoral votes (the PDS had 17 seats out of 100 in the National Assembly.)
The task of getting the party in power used to the multiparty system and,
as head of the Socialist parliamentary group, dealing with the first opposition
attacks, fell to Mr Habib Thiam, former minister of plans and rural development,
who had a great deal of experience in political and economic matters; he was
named prime minister as soon as President Diouf took office.
Mr Abdou Diouf might, according to well-informed sources in the Senegalese
- capital, quickly modify the law limiting the number of parties and the voting
law.
One theory mentioned among others is that the reform law would allow for the
election of 80 deputies out of 100 on a single member ballot (currently these
elections are held with a proportional ballot) and the other 20 on a national
list. This system, already in effect in some countries, gives the party which
comes to power a clear majority. Mr Diouf could thus hope that the Socialist
Party would win and increase his power.
Early elections would give the new president a free hand. In fact, Mr Diouf,
because of the constitution which makes the prime minister the automatic
successor to the head of state in the event of resignation, has inherited
power and only-has the 2 remaining years of President Senghor's interrupted
term.
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By moving quickly to hold elections, Mr Diouf could, if he wins, have 5 years
of enhanced power which he needs to "take up the economic and social challenges
of the 80'srr mentioned in his speech.to the nation.
Some political opposition groups have favorably received the proposals for
political liberalization. Mr Shaykh Anta Diop, leader of the National
Democratic Rally, an illegal opposition party, described Mr Mbaye's speech on
liberalization and the reform voting law as " positive." Mr Mahjout Diop,
head of the legal African Independence Party stated, "as long as the government
moves forward, it can count on our support to achieve political independence
and economic independence."
Only the PDS continues to call for "free and democrati.c elections" under the
army's supervision. In danger of being overtaken both on the right and left
by new parties, the party fears it will be the great loser in the political
liberalization by the new head of state.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9479
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SENEGAL
EIB LOAN TO SONACOS GRANTED
Paxis MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEIIIS in French 26 Dec 8o p 3532
[Article: "aONACOS: A 782 Million CFA Fraric Loan From the Elzropean Investment
Bank"]
[Text] Within the framework of the first convention of Lome, the European Invest-
ment Bank [EIB], the Community's banking institution for long term financing, has
granted a loan of an exchange value of 3 milliori units of account [UC] (approxima-
tely 782 million CFA [African Financial Community] francs) to contribute to the
modernization and expansion of the capacity to process peanuts and cotton for the
production of oil and oilcake at Ziguinchor, in the region of Casamance.
The loan was granted to the National Company for the Marketing of Oil-Producing
Flants [SONACOS], a mixed economy company, created in 1975, which controls most of
the maxketing of oil-producing plants, specifically peanut products Senegal is
the fourth world producer and largest exporter of peanuts. The duration of the
loan is 10 yeaxs, the interest rate is 8 percent, taking into account an interest
reba,te on the resources of the European Development Fund [EDF], in accordance with
the stipulations of the convention.
The investments to which the EIB lends its support the total cost of which is
estiMated at 6.4 million UC (1,881 million CFA francs) axe aimed, through the
creation of plants or the moderniza.tion of existing facilities, at increasing the
region's processing capacity from 65,000 to 90,000 tons of peanuts. If it were not
quickly remedied, the lack of capacities in this region would make it manda,tory to
transport some 25,000 tons per yeax to Dakar (500 kilometers) under expensive cir-
cumstances. On the other hand, plants for the processing of already ginned cotton
seeds will a1 so be built in this region, where cotton growing is experiencing a
rapid development. The current proc essing capacity of Senegal is only 20,000 tons
per yeax, while production is expected to reach 35,000 tons of seeds in the next
few years.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1980
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SENEGAL
CHANGE IN BIAO STATUS
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEIIIS in French 26 Dec 8o P 3532
[Article: "BIAO-Senegal: Capital Increase and Government Participation (35 �Per-
cent)"]
[Text] As of 15 December, the BIAO [International Bank for West Africa]-Senegal
became a limited, mixed eaonomy, company under Senegalese law. Henceforth, Senegal
will hold 35 percent of its capital, which has been raised from 2,000 to 3,077 mil-
lion CFA [African Financial Community] francs. The BIAO-Senegal day was celebrated
with the presence of Mr Abdou Diouf, prime minister, and of Nr Jean Dromer, presi-
dent and managing director of the BIAO for West Africa.
MARCHES TROPICAUX had announced (see the 11 July 1980 issue, page 1737) the fact
that, as of 28 June 1980, the BIAO branch office in Senegal had become a subsidiary.
The bank has 10 branches and offices as against 3 at the time of independence.
During his speech, Mr I?romer stressed the importance of his bank in the Senegalese
economy: "The entry ba,l.ance sheet, retroactive to 1 January 1980, thus prior to
the capital increase, totaled 42.3 billion CFA francs and the nonbalance liabili-
ties 7.2 billion CFA francs. Compaxed to a11 the commercial ba.nks, of which there
axe 7, its shaxe of the market is 18 percent in credits to the economy and 16.50 per-
cent in deposits. Out of a total of 482 employees, there are 173 officers and 17 �
national executives -
"The BIAO-Senegal," Mr Dromer added, "like the other subsidiaries, can rely on
active support from the paxent company: the International Ba,nk for West Africa
which, in April 1965, added the qualifying term 'international' to its former cor-
porate name This aid consists in the first place of its African character
and of the very size of the group which holds 65 percent of the capital (BTAO group~"
~ In conclusion, Mr Dromer stressed before Mr Abd.ou Diouf that "a good staxt for the
BIAO-Senegal is obviously a function of the health of the country, which also has
to overcome so ma,ny adverse elements: drought, energy expenditures, deterioration
of the terms of trade."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie, Paris, 1980
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SENEGAL
~ BRIEFS
AGRICULTURAL CREDIT On 22 December, the World Bank and its subsidiaries extended
a credit of $60 million to Senegal for the firiancing of a program of "structural
adjustments," providing primaxily for "the development of the productive sector and
the reorganization of the institutions in the agricultural sector." Text] LParis
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEErTS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3531] 84~3
CCCE LOAN The Central Fund for Economic Development [CCCE] will grant a special
; 120 million franc loan to Senegal, in order to help that country's economy "face
difficult economic circumstances." This decision was made during the fifth meeting
' of the Franco-Senegalese Ministerial Committee, which was held in Paris, from 15
; until 18 December, under the chairmanship of Messrs Louis Alexa.ndrenne, Senegalese
~ minister of plan and cooperation, and Robert Galley, French minister of cooperation.
! The Committee also decided to give priority to development activities in the agri-
- cultuz.al sector, specifically to the reorganiza.tion of the production of peanuts
; and to cattle raising. As for the industrial and mining sector, it was deoided to
: support the new chemical industry project (production of phosphoric acid and of
fertilizers), and to establish a mineral plan, including an assessment of earlier
studies and proposing new lines of research. [Text] [Paxis MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
' MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 35321 8463
~
ANTI-FRAUD CAMPAIGN On 12 December, in Kaolack, Mr Ousmane Seck, Senegalese
. minister of state for finance and economy, presided over a meeting of the anti-fraud
States General. The meeting focused on the need to double vigilance with regard to
smugglers because of the economic difficulties of the country and the low level of
peanut production. As for the director general of customs, he stressed the dis-
turbing development of smuggling in recent years in Senegal. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 8o p 3532] $463
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TANZANIA
BRIFYS
RELAUNCHING OF SISAL PRODUCTION On 15 December, speaking to officials of the
sisal industry in Tanga, the Tanzanian prime minister, Mr Cleopa NLsuya, stated that
it was necessary to relaunch the production of sisal in Tanzania. He noted tha,t
the government intended to set up a special fund to a11ow the importa,tion of machi-
nery and spare parts, in order to increase sisal production. Due to exports, this
production brings in approximately 400 million shillings a year for Tanzania. The
prime minister asked the officials involved in the production of sisal to improve
the social services being offered to the workers, in order to motivate them and to
encourage them to make a production effort. As for the chairman of the Tanzania
Sisa1 Authority, he announced that the Authority would be split up into five compa-
nies in the framework of a policy of decentraliza.tion. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TRO-
PICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3548] $4-63
GDR ECONOMIC AGREEMENTS Tanza,nia and the German Democratic Republic have signed
two agreements on economic, industrial, scientific and technical cooperation as
well as on the creation of a;nixed commission for cooperation. The first meeting
of this commission is to be held in 1981. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3548] 8463
NBC OPERATIONS IN 1979/1980 During its fiscal year 1979-1980, the National Ba.nk
of Commerce [NBC] of Tanzania ma.de a profit of 4$0 million Tanzanian shi.llings,
that is to say an increase of 77 million compared to the previous fiscal yeax. How-
ever, on the occasion of the 20th congress of the NBC workers, the deputy Tanzanian
minister of finance, Mr Venance Ngula, commented that in 1979/1980, bank credits
in Tanzania had exceeded the expected ceilings by 10 to 15 percent. Consequently,
he asked the NBC to be more cautious in its allocation of credits and to ensure
that the latter are not diverted from their original objectives by para-statal
companies which benefit from them. On the other hand, the minister was pleased
about the fact that deposits at the NBC had increased from 7.14 billion sh3.llings
in June 1979 to 9.03 billion in June 1980. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 26 Dec 80 p 3548] 8463
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UGE1N'DA
CHIEF OF STAFF INTERVIEWED
Khartoum SUDiANOW in English Jan 81 p 23
(Interview with Brigadier David Oyite Ojok, Chief of Sta�f of the Ugandan Liberation
Forces, in Murchison Falls Nationa.l Park, by Arop Madut of SUDANOW, date not given]
[Text] One oj' tlre most uutspnkei of the
Uganclan delegates ai Cliobe Lodl,e vvs
' Brr;qadier Durici -0.1-ire Ojok. Clr;ej uj
Staff of the Ugandan Liberariotr Forces
' mid a leadirg mem6er oj Ugattda's pru-
risiorial niliiig autliurin% the Milirarn
Commission. During tl:e four-dar con�
ference he ctiscusseJ the backgrouird to
the talks it-rrlr .4rupAlQdut njSudanow:
; SUDANOW: Can you give us the true
' picture of what happened in West Nile
~ Province last October?
OJOK: :n fact many thina,s have been
happening in Uganda since we removed
' Amin from power over two and half
years ago. To relate them all would be
, a long story. I shall refer only to the
recent trapc events which are still fresh
I in our memories. Last Uciuber ia the
West Nile Province armed men dressed
' in civilian clothes attacked our forces at
Yumbe and Koboka during their routine
, parades. During this incident many
innocent lives were lost.
Since the war ended in April 1979,
' oar desire as a people and as a govem-
ment has been to settle down and work
liard to rebuild Uganda. The October
events have been a set-back to all of us
~ in this part of the world. However, we
; are glad to have received the assurances
of the Sudan government that Sudan is
helping us and will continue to give us
assistance should the need arise. We are
very grateful to the Sudan government
and hope that all our neighbours will
act in a similar fashion,
Q: Since the liberaiion of yourcountry
lasi year, a siate of insecuriry seerns to
have prevailed in many parts of Uganda,
especially in urban centres. Who is
responsib/e for ihia;?
A: We do have a problem, especially in
Kampala where many bad things happen
daily. But our security forces are deter�
mined to do their best to maintain law
and order. As to who or what is
responsible for this state of insecurity in
our country, theTe are two factors at
work. First, Uganda like many develop-
ing countries has enemies both within
and outside its territory. First there are
the reactionary and the counter-
revolutionarv forces who cause trouble
in order to achieve selfish and personal
gains at the expense of public suffering.
You sliould remember that we have just
come out of a shooting war, not a
round-table conference. We did not
negotiate with Amin. So the problems
and the price of such a struggle are very
enormous wlien compared with those
liberadon wars won at a conference
table. Second, when we drove Amin's
forces out of i:ampala all the jails were
thrown open, allowing the escape of
prisoners convicted of various criminal
charges. These criminals are still at large
and are among the people causing the
state of insecurity, particularly in the
utban areas.
Q: /i is believed that the ruling Miliiary
Commission in Uganda is composed of
members who openly give their poliiical
allegiance to some of the parties ar
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preseni struggling ro win power in the
counrry. Now that e/ecrions are being
he/d under ihe auohority of this
commission, how wou/d one guaraniee
ihai they would be free and fair?
A: The fairness of the eleccions wili be
maintained. What should be made
known to you is that the Military
Commission is not divided over the
rur_ning of the elections. Of course there
are people who havz thrown their lot in
with political pa;ties, but their political
allepance v!rill not affect the working of
the Commission. In order to elaborate
my point, 1 will tell you this. Vihen the
Election Committee was appointed all
the members of the Military
Commission agreed that the
committee's membership list should be
sent to the four political parties for
their scrutiny and approval. The parties
objected to only three names, which
were replaced forthwith. The Military
Commission finally approved the final
list of the Election Committee. It is our
hope that the elections will be fair.
There will be no interference by the
Military Commi:sion,
Q: Whai do you rhink will be the ro/e of
the Miliiarv Commission afier the
e%ction?
A: It will dissolve itself and those of us
like Major General Tito Ukel and myself
will remain in the army as professional
soldiers. Tliose who are contesting elec-
tion;, like Colonel William Omaria, will
be in parliament if they are elected. It
will be recalled that those who were at
Moshi were not necessarily politicians.
The present cliairman Paulo Muwanga.
was in the front-line, Major General Tito
was in Kenya and was leading the
advancing forces to Kampala. But all of
us were appointed members of the
Clgandan National L�iberation Front
(