JPRS ID: 9699 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

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• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300100062-9
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• Sequence Number: 62
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9699
_ 30 April 1981
= Sub-Saharan Africa Re ort
p
FOUO No. 718
FB~$ FOREIGN BROADCAST II~lFORMATION SERVICE
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J~RS L/9699
30 April 1981
SUB-SANARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 718
CONTENTS
~N TE R:
AFRI CAN AFFAI RS
Africa's Wealth, Importance Stressed
(Patrick Bonazza, Jacques Esperandieu; L~EXPRESS,
14-ZO Mar 81) 1
French Presence in Indian Ocean Examined
(Devi Tolwal; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 30 Mar 81) 6
Briefs
South Africa Mozambique Trade 11
Algeria - .Angola Oil Cooperation lI
ANGOLA
Drought Zhreatens South; Huila Emergency Plan
(MARQIES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) . 12
Review of Agricultural Cooperatives in Benguela
( Edi torial; MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 Mar 81) 14
B rie fs
Export Forecas ts for 1981 16
Huila Rura1 Union Established 16
Austrian Mining Equipment 16
- Alleged Cuban Recolonization 16
Central Com~it tee Pos ts 1~
- BOTSWANA
Interview 6~ith President Masire �
(Quett Masire :Lnteiview; ~iE FINANCIAL TIMES, 6 Apr 81) 18
CAME ti00N
B riefs
Canadian Aid ~or Planes 20
- a- [III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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CHAD
President Gouko~mi's Southern Zbur
(MA1tQ~ES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) 21
tinited Nations Econom~.c Aid
(MARQiES TROPICAUX ET I~DITERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) '22 -
B rie fs
Clash on ~~~:ontier 23
Egyptian Arns Shipments 23
. New Ghief of General Staff 23
FED Road Aid 23
- FAC Financing Agreements 23
President Tours Interior 24
Franc 7Ane Membership 24 =
QONGO
Briefs
- EEC Loan 25
Fish, Forestry Development Financing 25
E~iIOPIA ~
Vignolo Reports Gradual Victoxy of Eritrean 'Realities'
_ (Mino Vignolo; CORRIERE DELLA SERA, 11 Apr 81) 26
GAB ON
- CCCE Grants Uranium, Pmcessing Dam Loans
(MAR(HES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 13 Mar 81) . 28
(~iANA
Briefs
Texas pacific pil Exploration ~9
Tema Port Improvements 29
GUINEA
Briefs
Cooperation With Tndia Viewed 30
Uranium Exploitation 30
GUINEA-BISSAU
Oil, Bauxite, Phosphate Figure in Development Plans
(MAR(3iES TROPICAUB ET MEJIZ~RRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) . 31
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KEIJXA
- Ind~,a,n Oommunity Mvre Secuxe
(MAR3iE3 TRUPTCc;U% ET MEDITExRANEENS, 6 Mar 81) 32 -
Brjefs
Indian Caoperation 33
MAT.T
Briefs
Planning Council Established 34
Agricultural Bank Established 34
1~7.AMBIQUE
- Reported bissident Threat, Divergence Trouble Nation
(MARC~iES TROPICAtJX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) 35
ADF Citrus Pro ject F3nancing
(MARCEIES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERItANEENS, 27 Mar 81).... e............ 37
Brazilian Agricultural Cooperation
(Editorial; MAR(HES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANLENS, 6 Mar 81)....... 38
Briefs
Fishing Sector's Goals Unmet 39
USSR Agricultural Cooperation 39
NIGER
Resu~..ts of Galley's Viait
- (MAR4IES TItpPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) 40
National Poultry Program Developed `
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEEI~S, 27 Mar 81) 42
Briefs
Belgian Financial Aid !~g
French Loan 4~
A~TANDA
EEC Aid to Rwanda Described
(MAR(1iE5 TRUPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 13 Mar 81) 44
_ SENEGAL -
Diouf ~lotes Econom~c Prospects for 1981
(MARCEI~S TROPICAUX ET MEDZTERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) . . . . 46
- c -
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European Aid in k':laianci.ng,of Chemtcal Industr3.es
(~RQiES TItO~ZCAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 6 14ar 81) . 47
New Oil Mill Opened
(MARQiES TROPICAUX ET 1~DITERRANEENS, 27 Mar 81) 49 _
Briefs
Franco-Senegalese Research Cammissions S1
- SMIG Increase 51
BEI Petroleum Exploration Loan 51
TANZANIA
B rie fs
Fuel Rationing 52 =
- UGANDA
~ Briefs ~
Oil Companies Stop Deliveries 53
~ ZAMBIA
Briefs
Countinuing Unease in tR~TIP 54
~ Reported New So~riet Military Agreement 54
Petroleum Tmports Loans 54
- d-
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
_
AFRICA'S WEALTH, IMPORTANCE STRESSED
_ Paris L'EXPRESS in French 14-20 Mar 81 pp 106-108
_ [Article by Patrick Bonazza and Jacques Esperandieu "Who Benefits from Africa?"]
[Text] Sensitive nerve endings an the continent: the mining
centers, indispensable to the West. And nore underground riches
have yet to be discovered. -
By sending his tanks up to the banks of the Chari, Colonel Moammar el-Qadhdhafi
has done more than take up a strategic pos3tion in Africa. He has also made a very
smart economic move. Tomorrow, he will be able to exploit the uranium deposits in
northern Chad, in the Aouzou Strip. This means guaranteed sources of supply for
Tripoli, which continues to chase its nuclear rainbow. Also, indications of oil in
Chad have been disclosed by American companies that are combing the territory.
More than ever, Africa is exciting greed. Its wealth is always disputed. Known
yesterday for its minerals, black Africa is now waking up to oil. Prospecting
activity for crude was negligable in the region 10 years ago--except in Nigeria--
and now it is a f~.vored locale. E~on, Texaco, Elft, and other companies compete
for permits to explore in tt~e Gulf of Guinea.
This 3s real fresh hupe for the African states. They needed it. Neither their
mani�old mineral wealth, nor their cacao and coffee plantations have been able to
assure Africa's economic take-off. T~wenty years after independence, it remains the
poorest, least det~~l.nped, and most ill-nourished continent. Thus, too, the most
fragile: Africa's f.abulous wealth lies in a wasteland.
The swimming pool's translucent blue waters ripple behind the immense bay window of
the technicians' dining hall, white tablecloths and air conditioners. "Since the
Kolwezi operation, we feel more confident. We know that French troops will immed-
iately, intervene if our families are endangered," a technician confides. Several
dozen kilometers from the marxist but pres~_ntly peacefu'1 Congo, close to 250 French-
men are among the 1,450 people working on tlle Haut-Ogooue plateau, at Mounana, a
uranium mine in Gabon. They cannot help imagining the worst.
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Space, Aeronautics, Nuclear Energy
Isolated, in the b ush or in the great equatorial forest, the mining centers are the
seheitive nerve end ings of the continent, the greatest concentrations of wealth.
Without Africa, the wheels of the European economy could not "turn" as they do.
Close to 90 percent of the manganese France imports, more than 85 percent of the
phosphates, and nearly 40 percent of the copper, comes from Africa. The Republic
- of South Africa is France's largest supplier of coal. Today Paris buys uranium
with no holds barred from Niger, Gabon, and Namibia, in order to profit from the
- depressed price. ~
Africa provides not only signif icant quantities of ordinary metals and minerals
(bauxite, lead, copper, iron ore...) but also strategic materials, those without
which the most advanced industries (space, weaponry, aeronautics, nuclear energy)
would be unable to produce their special alloys. Southern Africa, with its Soviet
partner, is said to enjoy nearly a world monopoly on a number of rare metals. It
has more than 80 percent of the gold, chrome, industrial diamonds, vanadium, plat-~.
inum; more than 60 percent of the cobalt, manganese and even uranium. The Soviet
Union in southern Africa? This is no longer a f3~~ion. East Germans and Cubans
are planted in Mozambique, in Angola...in the immediate neighborhood of the country's
three great mining countries: Zambia, Zaire, and above all South Africa, flanked by
Namibia. South Af rica, with its mineral empires--Anglo-American, De Beers, General
Min3ng, is extracting no fewer than 32 substances from the earth. The dollar value
of its mineral production is ranked third in the world, after the USSR and the U.S.,
but before Canada and Australia. For geologists it is unquestionably the best-
known countr; on the continent.
"In terms of minera ls, Africa could still be holding plenty of surprises for us,"
~ confides an offic3al of the Copper Trade Union Assembly in Paris. Meanwhile, the
world's big mining groups havP been reluctant to move into Africa f.or several years.
Price levels are certainly not very attractive, and mineral exploitation is being
penalized by the increases in energy costs. But there is something else. "'t'he
continent is not very secure. There are too many political risks."
The oil groups are themsel.ves less reluctant. They are exhuming old exploration
permits from their files, asking for new ones, planting their derricks almost every-
where. Would they not also be sub3ect to political risks? Yes, but the reasons for
minimizing them outweigh them: in th P medium term, the demand for oil is go3.ng to
remain very strong; increases in the price of crude are opening up new areas for
prospecting. And, above all, the oil groups want to get free of the states that
- are oppressing them: in the North Sea, where the governments are excessively
meddlesome, and in the Middle East, a powder-keg. -
A New Texas?
'P!Zis rush for black gold is not always an orderly one. There are rivalries: the
French and Spanish are engaged in a"fr3endly little war" to get permits in Equa-
torial Guinea. Much depends on luck, too: Elf withdrew from the Ivory Coast just
before the companies with which it had been affiliated made a discovery. However,
the race has produ ~ed results. Excluding the Mediterranean, which, with Egypt, could
very rapidly join the front ranks of the new producing countries (50 million tons in
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1.983), Africa !.n 1975 had only 4 oil countries: Nigeria, which today "weighs in"
at more than 100 million tons per year, almost equal to Fraiice's consumption; then,
very modestly, Gabon, Angola by virtue of its Cabinda Enclave, and the Congo.
Gabon's production (t;-9 million tons), barring a miraculous discovery, should peak
out. Angota and especially the Congo could climb rapidly in output t~ more than
10 mill.lon tons eacti.
There are also the "newcomers." Ivory Coast: a new Texas? ~hat remains to be seen.
But its production, just Iilce that of Cameroon, Ghana, or Benin, sh~uld grow sub-
stantially. Lbery little drop.... And especially since there is natural gas.
Lagos is thinking of building a giant liquefaction unit (I6 billion cubic meters per
- year) which witti methane tankers, would make it possible to export t~ Europe or the
United States. The gigantic investment is estimated at some 50 billion Fr. Gaz
- de France and a European consortium, anxious to diversify its suppliers, have jumped
at the cliance by concluding a supply contract that should take eff ect starting in
- 1985-1986.
Today, the Gulf oL Guinea. Tomorrow, who knows, deposits in Chad ar Zaire?
Hitherto neglected--too far from any coast--they cotild well constitute another oi1
Eldorado, a prospect which on'ly whets thp appetites of both the big and little powers
for Afr.icae `1'he oil money is good for tl~.e industr ialized countries, because it in-
' creases [equipment] orders from those largely unde rdeveloped countries. Already,
businessmen are crowd3n~ into the big hotels in Doual.a and Brazzaville.
~ The ALrican marlcet is sti11 dominated by the former colonial powers. In 1980, the
UniCed Kingdom, whicYi granted does not benefit much fro:n African crude, has garnered
a trade surplus of Fr 1S billion in sub-Saharan Africa (whicli i.ncludes South Africa,
' where it is sti11 very much present). The French balance of trade with black Africa
is negative (Fr 3.S billion). But, without the two OPEC-zone countries (Nigeria and
, Gabon), the balance becomes a Fr 4 billion surplus. Rare, in these times: Overall,
~ France remai.ns Africa':; b:iggest supplier. Francophone Africa still accounts for
; one-fourth of. France's ovei~seas engineering contr.acts. "Africa is sort of our
techni.cal test bench," confides a Parisian banker. While the big firms are in line
- for exploitation of i-aw matcrials, i.n the carr.ying out of turnkcy projects or
_ important addirions of infrastructure a multitude of French firms cover the terrain,
whether it be shoes, constrtiction, or beer. "Today, in Aibidjan," says the same
banker, "th ere are 10 times as many Frenchmeri than there were when ivory Coast
became independent."
The spheres of influence of the former metropolitan powers ar~ not completely closed
to tr.espassers. Some are succeeding rather well there: ~he Italians in public
works; thi: West Gernians, even if, overall, their p er�ormance is better in South Afriaa,
and the Japanese in particular. Ititerywhere, on th e laterite runways, the 4 x 4
i Toyota, the Isuzu, or L-hE~ Suzuki is more than a match for the Land Rover. Number one
~ in Ai"ric~i for several years now in automobile sal.es, Japan has even ~one so far as
~ to surpass French builder.s in Francophone Afri.ca.
Mozambique: The Cajuu Nut
, The science of commerce: when necessary, the ~Tapanese have allied themselves with
~ local. businessmen. Serigne N'Diaye, 36, an upcoming Senegale:;e, has masterfully
,
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succeeded in introducing litt:le Hondas onto the market. He is in some ways the
protot}*~e of the African businessman. He is somewhat of an entrepreneur, a merchant
_ and speculator most of all. "Africa's only hoom is in real. estate and import-export.
For an alhadji in northern Nigeria or northern Cameroon, even 6 months is long-term,''
- says a diplomat posted to Africa. Precariousness is the distinctive characterisCic
of the African economy. The multinationals do not have to be prodded to exploit the
natural resources or get into banking or commerce in Africa. But they have more of
a tendency to shun industry. Except in Nigeria, which, with its 80 million inhabi-
taiits, offers a gigantic market in a continent swarming with micra-states. The
result: Da'~car's industrial free zone, the only one in black Africa, remains vir-
tually empty. Products "made in 'rogo" or "made in Kenya" are not inundating the
European supermarkets.
Agriculture is on the brink of catastrophe. ~verywhere, or nearly everywhere, the
cultivation of food crops, too long neglected, is no longer suff icient to feed the
populace. Africa is still the helpless prey of famine. The continent has had to
import increa~ingly large amounts of costly grain from Europe, the United States, and
even from South Africa. Wheat and powdered milk are competing dangerously with manioc
and millet. In the Oyem region, in northern Gabon, a farmer makes in a year what a
modest civil servant in Libreville earns in a month. The countryside is emptying.
'Che great tragedy of the African economy is that twenty years after independence it
is still just a trading economy. For Senegal it is groundnuts; for Togo, phosphates;
what then for Mozambique? The cajou nut! Therefor~ the producers, ~~~ho do not have
control over their prices, cannot offset the regular cost increases for equipment
goods and imported oil.
_ Prussian Guarantee
The public finances, even when they are not encumbered by corruption or prestige
projects, are poorly equipped to withstand the shock [of this inflation]. Resources
remain skimpy. Niger's uranium sales, its principal source of revenue, represent
less than one-third of the turnover of the RATP [Independent Parisian Transport
System]. Some states even have a hard time paying their employees each month. i'heir
external debt is becoming distended. In Paris, last November, Rene Monory, the
minister of the economy, pressed 10 big Freiich banks to provide an emergency loan
of Fr 700 million to Ivory Coast. But this miraculous bail-out only buys time. For
_ a number of countries, survival 3s going to depend on foreign aid, which is still in
some ways the ultimate object of the game. "Western liberalism corresponds to
authentically African values and constitutes, if it has faith in it. an antidote to
totalitarianism": Minister Robert Galley, defending the cooperat-ion budget before
the deputies last fall, was speaking frankly. The adversary, in Africa, is the USSR.
Not that it has a wealth of exper3ence in matter~ of development assistance. For
the USSR it is simply a tactic for advancing its pawns. There are bankers, however,
who f ind this attract~Lve. "For example, since the East Germans took over adminis-
tration in Mozambique," a Parisian finsncier confides ironically, "we do not require
much persuading to make loans. We have a'Prussian guarantee'..." Clearly, what is
at stake between the Western nations and the USSR is not aid, but power.
Rivalries: this term best characterizes the struggle for ir,fluence--under cover of
assistance--being conducted by the western powers among themselves. The United
States. which up to now has not had much of a vresence in black Africa. could ~et a
strong toothold in the continent by taking the lead trom its allies in health sector
cooperation. United States aid personnel in the future will be able to take advant-
age of direct contacts established in the field. The Canadians are using their
Quebec nationals to create a good image in Francophone Elfrica. The Japanese, on
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~ their si.de, have made a spectacular change oP course in the last 2 years, toward
Englis:~-speaking or Francophone countries like Zaire or Zambia which do not
necessarily send them appreciable quanti.ties af inetals,
Cllent Reservations
j All these maneuvers are aimed at loosening the ties between the African ~ountries and
i their former colonial masters such as France, and Belgium in Zaire, which d~ not
i alwa~s hesitate to elbow their way in. Assistance to African countries is never
devoid of reservations on the par~t of the client. Only aid from the European Econo-
_ mic Community is partially free of the suspicion of hidden motives. Africa gets
~ most of the same rr 34 billion granted by the EEC to the Third World under the I~omE
; Convention. A contract between North and South which is often cited as an example,
! it is the proof that Africa can be someth~'n more than a
~ S prize for others.
I CHARTS
A. Population in Millions of Inhabitants '
Morocco 19 Guinea 4.7 Somalia 3.5 Zambia 5.4
~1lgeria 18.5 Ghana 11 Cameroon 8 Zimbabwe 7
Tunisia 6 5ierra Leone 3 Zaire 22.7 Malawi 5.6
Libya 2.7 Liberia 1.7 Uganda 12.7 Namibia 0.9 ~
Eg}rpt GO Ivory Coast 7.6 Renya 14.8 Botswana 0.$
Mauritania 1.5 Togo 2.4 Equatorial South Afr3ca 27.8 .
Senegal 5.3 Benin 3.3 Guinea 0.3 Lesotho 1.3
:Upper Volta 6.5 Nigeria 80 Gahon 0.6 Swaziland 0.5
Mali 8 Central African Congo 1.4 Mo2ambique 10
_ �Niger 5 Republic 1.7 Rwanda 4.5 Madagascar 8.3
Chad 4.3 Sudan 17 Burundi 4.3
Gambia 0.6 Ethi~pia 30 Tanzania 16.6
Guinea-Bissau 0.6 Djibouti 0.3 Angola 6.7
B. Gross National Product in Billions of Francs--Relative size here is different.
Nigeria, South Africa, Algeria and Libya grow considerably in importance.
Morocco 63 Guinea 5,6 Somalia 2.4 Zambia 12
Al.geria 115 Ghana 22 Cameroon 18 Zimbabwe 16
_ Tunis:La 30 Sierra Leone 3.8 Zaire 25 Malarai 5.1 -
Libya 100 Liberia 4.2 Uganda 19 lJamibia 5.3
Egypt 80 Ivory Coast 33 Kenya 24 Botswana 2.2
Mauritania 2.2 Togo 4 Equatorial South Africa 210
Senegal 11.5 Benin 4 Guinea 0.6 Lesotho 2
Upper Volta 4.4 Nigeria 250 Gabon 10 Swaziland 1.5 -
Mali 4 Central African Congo 3.b Mozambique 6.5
Niger 5.7 Republic 2.3 Rwanda 4.4 Madagascar 10
~Chad 3.1 Sudan 30 Burundi 3.2
,Gambia 0.6 Ethiopia 11.5 Tanzania 19
,Guinea-Bissau 0.7 Djibouti 0.6 Angola 10 �
~:~OPYRIGHT: 1.981 S.A. Group Express
9516
CSO: 4400/953 .
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INTER--AFRTCAN Ak'~'AIRS
FRENCH PRESENCE IN TNDTAN OCEAN E%AMINED -
Paris AFRIQUE-ASIE in French 30 Mar 81 pp 42-44
- [Article by Devi Tolwal; "From 'Useful Presence~ to Omnipresence---The Peoples of
the Region Are Fed Up With A Present Made Up Of Exploitation And A~'uture The Keys
To Which Lie In Paris"]
jText] "Here is the sad Frenc~~ colony of QFa.ock ~here an attempt is now beiitg made
to establish a settlement, but T bel~.eve that noth~ng wi11 come of it," observed
Arthur Rimbaud, referring to the D~ibouti of 1884. Of course the present Trench
. chief of state's predecessors have already been proving the poet wrong, and Giscard
h9.mself, more tfian any of the rest, wi11 have put the final touches on that. -
Pompidon referred to the policy of a"useful" presence in the Tndian Ocean. As !
for Giscard, he is making France into the~world's number two policemen in an area !
which Reagan wants to transform into an American lake. Just when the spirit of ,
independence 3n the region was getting its second wind in 1974-1977, the present ;
president of France was giving more assuran.ces than any other poli.tician in his ~
country about defending and egpounding on the primary dimension of Paris's policy
in this area, the colonial and neo--colonial dimensian. And this colonial d~nension
does not derive solely from Reunion's "bitter sugar." The French "Tndian Empire,"
_ is made up of about 20 islands, some of them inhab~ted, Tromelin, the Malagasy
islands in the Mozambique Channel (Juan de Nova, Basses de Tndia, Europa, Iles
Glorieuses) and Ma.yotte, wliich is separate fram the Comoros. They are 3ust so many
colonial situations or territories acquired via pure and simple violatian of the
integrity of countries in the region despite the ob~ections o� the United Nations,
the OAU, the non-aligned couneries, and the coastal states.
Aside from the above-mentioned islands France owns several islands also in the ~ ;
southern region of the Indian Ocean, 3n the Antarctic, known as the Southern and '
Antarctic French Territories (TAAF); Adelie, a piece of land in the Antarctic ice
f loe area, three archipelagoes below the Antarctic Circle, and Crozet, Kerguelen,
~ Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Islands. Circl3ng the reg3.on, grance maintains an ocean ~
empire during Che pxesidential term wfii.ch iscurrently drawing to a close.
Is this French colonial presence in the Tndian Ocean anachronistic? At fi,rst glance
it is indeed ISut not to the degree it seems. In fact, this presence off ers three
- major advantages: economic, political and strategic. In the f irst area, it provides
France an immense maritime domain and allows France the use of an exclusive economi.c:
zone extending 200 miles out from the coastlines. This is the limit claimed by ~
Third World countries who because of their technological handicaps hope to protect
their maritime resources tietter by having it.
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France fought this progosal on territorial water l.i,mits for a long time but came
_ round to supporting it after real3zing th~ advantages it could derive from it.
_ One-third of the way through Giscard's term France established a 200 nautical mile
zone based on law dated 16 Julq 1976. The decrees of 11 and 25 February 1977
implementing that law provide for establishing such zones along the North Sea,
Channel, and Atlantic coastlines as well as off occupied French Guiana and around
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon not to r~ention the occupied colonies and territories in
_ the southwest Indian Ocean.
Land and Sea Legs
- When this was done, Giscard's France became 12 times larger than it had been before.
- Implementing the law 3.n a11 the colonies and other occugied territories added to
France's total arPa more than 10 million square km of water and marine resources.
= This makes France number three in the world in terms of ocean area, an area with
we11-known medtum and long-term economic stakes (see accompanying box).
The political and strategic repercussions o� this kind of colonial presence are in-
deed important. They are at one with and add to the neocolon~tlist and imperialist
- aims and practices which are com3ng to light in a number of instances ou the African
continent. The Elysee's African nol~.r.y these last few years is being directly ex-
tended into the Indian Ocean because o:~ a fact of capital importance : one out of
five OAU member states borders on that ocean.
"Giscard the,q~'rican," with the remarkable gift of being everywhere at once which
characterizes him, wants land and is getting his sea legs, in spite of the 12,000
km separating France from the Tndian Ocean. Franee is at home there, it is being
asserted in Paris. So much so that the Elysee feels in a strong enough position to
prapose, with the help of Dj ibouti, holding a conference on the Horn of Africa.
When references are made on an international level to the Colombo and AntarAanariv~o
"Indian Ocean--Zone of Peac~" conferences, there is an immediate reaction. Giscard
- trades in the accordion for a triangle, dances the maloya, and speaks in Creole, in
order to make himself out as the representa.tive of a regional power. Reunion re-
_ mains in effect the French stronghold which serves as the maj or excuse for this
kin.d of policy, which is underlain by many calculations. Reunion is the site of
- a hi~h-ranking mili~.ary command which takes in ten islands or archipelagoes and
their na.ritime approaches spread out over 2.8 million square km. It constitutes
- the principal base for a policq of omnipresence which the French want to look
~ natural. 'I'he r~gion's most important r.'rogr~ssive forces feel this quite keenly,
, since they are convinced that any pIIOCess of demilitarization which would allow -
an atmosphere of peace to be established, an atmosphere which is both possible and
desired, can only go hand in hand with the dism,antling of colonialism in the Indian
_ Ocean.
_ This colonial presence is coupled with a well-lmown and partlcularly sizable and
disquieting military presence (read "The Vast Armada" i.n AF'RTQUE-A.SIE, Issue No. 233,
16 February-1 March 1981) , making France the number two Western military power in
. the region.
This military presence has been strongly increased during the term of the current
-1 president which is ab.out to expire. This is because of the place Giscard's France
has taken in global imperia'list strategy.
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~ As the cards lie dealt among the major Western powers, Paris has a choice hand be-
cause of the interests if has maintained in this region. And under American leader-
ship it is assuming a policema.n's role i~i. the race for controY of the Gulf's re-
sources and in the attempt to suppress national and social liberat ion activity in
the Indian Ocean, activity which is marked particularly by the struggle against
apartheid.
In this regard, one should not fail to observe the strengChening of the Paris-Pre-
toria connection over these last few years. Tfie dominaat aspects of this connection,
- denials and evasions notwithstanding, are increased French investment~ a growth
in arms sales, and a common interest in the search for strategic raw materials ror
nuclear programs.
This makes the attitude of France, one of the "contact group" cauntries, towar~as
Pretoria more understandable. This attitude is at the very least an ambiguous one
- on the Namibia question.
/
With the help of Mauritius, Kenya, Djibouti and Comoros, Giscard's policy has also
been making advances with its "trialoque" plan so it can warm its way into Arab-
African cooperation (read Pierre Clary's article on page 38).
Economic and technical cooperation, and financial aid--which are often sources of
disappointment for countries which have opted for independent economi~ development--
are two other cards of French foreign policy whi~h have been played extensively in
_ this region duri.ng this presiden.tia.l term. This is probabl.y what explains what
has been observed as Paris's tendency to "make approaches'' to the region's progres-
sive countries and explains recent flirting with Maputo and Dar-es-Salaam in parti-
cular, which are considered two major Indian Ocean components in the stakes which
have evolved in southern Africa. But the apparent "generosity" of this aid has cor-
responding limits, which are palitical.
~ Blackmail
When a progressive country wants to or does shake loose, this cooperation marks out
economic problems with which the country is ;onfronted and the coopers~ion gets in
the way. It acts then as a political factor whic:~: at least makes the country keep
quiet if that is possible, it is does not indeed set up a troublesame complicity.
The most recent illustration of aid used as a political weapon in the Indian Ocean
ls the case of the Seychelles, where blaclanail took place so quickly that it sur-
prised and insulted even those groups on the islands favorably disposed towards
Par is .
The facts deserve to be mentioned. In October 1979 a French foreign aid volunteer
was arrested for complicity in manipulating the youth movement into opposing the plan
for national service for young people. Ultimatums demanding that he be set free
- poured down on State House, the seat of the presidency ~.n Victoria. First of all,
Paris recalled an initial group of foreign aid vol~:at:e~rs. Faced with the obsti-
nate refusal of a small country to give way to France`s de~ands, it brought home
- a ~econd group. I?uring a third stage, financial aid was suspended for certain pro-
jects being worked on. The fourth step, which was not expected by Minister Galley's
departmental offices, was that President Rene, faced with so mu~h arrogant behavior,
_ handed over to Par:Cs a third and final group of volunteers.
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In this game of economic blackmail, neo-colonialist France, used ta winning on other
_ fronts, did things the wrong way in Seychelles; where the lesson was taken and it
_ resulted in diversification of cooperation and exchange relationships.
Whea the underwater part of the iceberg made its appearance, it served as a reminder
of how artifica.:~1 the talk had been about the exemplary nature of sincere, dis-
interested, irreproachable and mutually advantageous cooperation--mechanical and
soothing talk suitable for a ceremony laying the first stone or for a diplomatic
cocktail party.
But in reflection about the Indian Ocean and its environs a purely regional approach
_ does not allow one to ~rasp the details of the actual stakes involved which pit the
forces of progress against the supporters of a declining order. "Whoever controls
the Indian Oc~an controls the world's new vital center and can gain ascendancy in
global policym~.king," observes an expert in international relations at the Naval
Acade.my at Annapolis.
But the peoples of the region no longer want either a present made up of exploita-
t ion or a future the keqs to which lie in other capital cities. They want the fol-
lowing Issa song, a song which bitterly drones on and on, no longer to be a reflec-
' tion of reality: "The land I come from is so dry that when you milk the camels one
udder gives hard butter and other dry cheese."
- [accompanying box]
Fishing for NodulPs
.
�
France is thinking of expanding its industrial fishi.ng in the Indian Ocean, which is
one of the world's richest fishing grounds, in order to make catches on the order
of 30,000-50,000 tons per year.
Regarding mineral resources, Paris a1sA expects to find deposits of gold, silver,
uranium and copper in "its" southern territories. But in the mining area, the French
- are much more interested in manganese nodules. Manganese nodules of varying sizes
s~tting in the great depths of the ocean are ina.de up of iron and manganese oxides
asso ciated with nickel oxides, copper, cobalt, titan.ium and vanadium. These are
- the sources of ocean minerals most likely to be mined in the medium term. The rich-.
est deposits are found in a band about 200 km wide by 1600 km long which runs vir-
tually east to west along the southern edge of the equatorial belt, in depths of
about 1700-4000 meters in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
'1`wo principal methods are used tu pick up the nodules. The first one, perfected
by the Japaness, is one that uses rev~olving buckets. The other one is hydraulic and
was perfected by the Americans and British.
In 1970 the total value of mineral resources to be drawn from the oceans was esti-
mated at $1 bill ion. Manganese nodules are so concentrated at great depths in cer-
tain ocean zones that mining them can be considered the most significant aspect of
_ underwater mining at stake.
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Prospecting has made it possible for France to locate three deposits within the 200-
mile zone southeast of Reunion, near the islands occupied by Madagascar.
Regarding petroleum, France is systematically exploring tlie Kerguelen continental
shelf in order to locate possible deposits. Estimates are that the oceans harbor
a total of 6 million tons of gold, the mining of which is not considered very
prof itable at present. On the other hand, oil extraction and the mining of uranium
and manganese nodules are very much under consideration.
The new colonizing race, this one for the seas, is on. In the Indian~. Ocean, with
_ Giscard at the helm for another term France will not fa~l to keep its lead.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Afrique-Asie
~ 9631
CSO: 4400/972
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INTER-AF'RICAN AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
SOUTH AFRICA - MOZAMBIQUE TRADE Accorcii.ng to South African sources, exports from
$A to Mozainbig,ue amounted to 80 ~3.llion rand in 1980~ while South African imports
of products from Mozambique only amounted to 9.5 million rand. South Africa alone
supplies 14~. ~ percerit of a11 im~iorts of ?~Iozambique, a share which is surpa~sed only
by that of I~aq (17.7 percent, due to petroleum). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TRC~PICAUX
ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Niar 81 p 691] $1-~63
AT~GERIA - ANGOLA OIL COOPERATION At the conclusion of an official 3 day visit to
Luanda. by the Algerian minister of energy, Mr Belkacem Nabi, which ended o~ 9 March,
_ Algeria and Angola signed a draft treaty for bilateral cooperation in the field of
. petroleum. The draft treaty, signed by Mr Na~i and the Angolan minister of petro-
leum, Mr Jorge Morais, specifically provides for the training of Angolan cadres in
Algeria and for close cooperation between the state etroleum companies in the two
countries, SONATRACH and SONANGOL [expansion unknown~. Iluring his visit, the
Algeriari minister gave the Angolan head of state, Mr Jose Eduaxdo dos Santos~ a
personal message from President Chadli Bend'edid. [Text] [Pasis MARCHES TROPICAUX
_ ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Mar 81 p 693~ 84~63
CSO: 4400
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ANGOLA
DROUGHT THREATENS SOUTH; HUILA EMERGENCY PLADI
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 855
- [Article: "Drought Takes on Alarming Proportions in the ~outhern Part of the -
Country"J
jText) The widespread drought in southem Angola affecCs thc provinces of Benguela, -
G`unene, Mocamedes and most of a11 Buila. The minister of agriculture has indicated -
that in this last-mentioned province the situation gives cause for concern in the
- cantons of Quilengues, Lubango, Chibia, Gambos, Capelongo and Humpata where there
has been practically no rain since April 1980.
= Crops have been affected but cattle raising has been hit most of all: livestock
is concentrated in the cantons of Quilengues, Quipungo, Chibia, Gambos and Capelongo.
Even if conditions were to go back to normal starting in April, we must expect a
sizable number o~ dead livestock starting next August because of the lack of water
and of su�f icient grazing land.
Though an emergency plan has been worked out for Huila Province, there is nothing
of that kin.d for the Ben.gu~la, Cunene, and Mocamedes regions. This runs the risk
of disastrous consequences when you consider the periods of time needed to imple-
ment plans.
The emergency plan for Huila is directed along two fronts. First, it provides for .
carrying out a signif icant marketing drive from now until August while the live-
stock is still in good condition for meat production. Secondly, provision is made
to improve the network of water distribut3on for peopl~ anii animals in the cantons
which,are most affected via the use of underground piping when the tima comes that
surface water is no longer suff icient. .
According to the state enterprise DINAPROPE jNational Cattle Products Distributing
Cc~mpany], monthly meat consumption in Huila Province is 170 tons, which is equi-
valent to 1,100 head of cattle. About 2,500 head are normally marketed per month.
So it is possihle for that figure to reach 3,000 head in May and June. This is done
in the form of barter for manufactured goods. One hea3 of cattle represents an
average value o~ 6,000 kwanzas, which means that goods which have a certain monetary
and social value are made available in return. Tf manufactured goods are lackin~,
the barter can be done for foodstuffs (corn, sugar, salt).
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As a result, Huila Province in a normal marketing month should have availahle ~xom
bINAPROPE operations alone a sum of 15-18 million k~aaFezas, 70 percent in the foxm o~
industrial goods (light motorcycles, bicycles, ra~ ios, tape recorders, clothes) and
go4ds of lesser value (plows, machetes, crockery, c igarette ligfiters, lanterns~ hats,
buttons, needles) which have become well-knoam ~.mong and appreciated by the people.
The plan set up for Huila figures that for the current year 26,000 head of cattle,
17,500 pigs, and 25,000 goats w311 be marketed. The problem is that the sale of
cattle will liave to be accomplished lietween noor and August and that the inter- ~
medi.ary enterprise, DTNAPROPE, does not have industrial goods available in suffi-
cient quantity.
AI3GOP [Angolan Press Agency] has indicated that once Hu~.la Provin~ce's projected ~
consumption has heen met, the surplus should he moved live to Benguela, Huambo,
Mocamedes and Luanda Provinces fo~ their consumpt ion, i.n the context of a plan wh3.ch _
has yet to be set up at DTNAPROPE's general manager level. -
At the Ministry of Agriculture 3,t is felt that Angola will not be a61e to cope with
the worrisome situation created by the drought witfi only its own resources and that
FAO assistance w~.ll be needed.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9631 -
CSO: 4400/969
~
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ANGOLA
&EVIEW OF AGRTCULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN BENGTJELA
Paris MAR(~iES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6;lar 81 pp 631-632
- [Eddtorial: "Establishing Agricu~turr~l Cooperatives in Benguela Province"]
- [~Text] Under the supervision of the National Administration of Farming Cooperatives
and Aid to Fa~ers (DNACA, according to the Portuguese abbreviation), agricultural
�cooperatives and rural associations in Benguela province practice two kinds of
- farming; annual crops (corn, sorghum, beans, vegetables) and perennial crops
(pineapples, citrus fruits). The ANGOLA JORNAL recently studied this sector.
The training of farmers was done by t:~e "rural action" group which serves as the
driving belt betw~en ~he authorities and the cooperatives and the producers'
associations. The professional l~vel of these "groups" is not always high, but
many do the very best they can, and this makes up for any shortcomings. Training
seminars are organized from time to t3me in order to improve the skills of the -
training pereonne].. _
The marketing of products for the agricultural cooperatives is done exclusively
through the National Company for Purchase and Distribution of Agricultural Products
(ENGODIPA), which buys from the farmers and sells to the retailers. This system has -
its problems, particularly in transporting products, which are perishable and must
be transported quickly. Another problem to be solved is fihe lack of industrial
groducts (cloth, clothes, batteries, radios, etc.) for which these agricultural
products are exchanged in a barter economy. On the other hand, these agricultural
cooperat3ves must be given credit �or auccessf~tlly supplying on a regular basis
the local pineapple canning factories.
_ It was suggeated Chat the cooperatives supply directly the fru3ts and vegetables
t~hey produce, without using intermediaries. This opening up to the marketing
sector--which goes beyond those included so far, namely planting and harvesting--
_ ~can o~1y be considered if the cooperatives are given the means for transportation
and an adequate organization for sales and accounting, so that they are assured of
_ good management, properly monitored.
There is also talk of giving the cooperatives bank financing for the purchase of
tools, materials, fertilizers, etc. This will allow them to get away from the vicious
,cycle in which they are presently trapped: they do not produce because they do not
~have ~the right~materials, which they do not have because they do n~t produce. In
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the opinion of the JORNAL DE ANGOLA oae must, in any case, be optimistic about the
future of the c~operatives. The plans of their supporters are many: they range
from increasing permanent crops to exploiting modernized citrus orcharde, as well
as breeding small livestock such as poultry and pigs.
COPYRZGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
94 65
CSO: 4400/922
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ANGOLA ~
BRIEFS
EtXPORT FORECASTS FOR 1981--It is anticipated that e~orts of goods and produce
through tt~e Central Angolana de Exportacao (coffee, diamonds, and oil, which go
through other channels, are not included) will amount to about 140,000 tons for the
current year, as opposed to a little over 80,000 tons for the previous year. Cement
_ i.s ab.out 85 percent of this tonnage, the balance being sisal and quartz. Angola's
~argest outlets are Nigeria, Portugal, Tlie Federal I'.epublic of Germany, and Sao -
Tome. [Text] [Paris MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS i,n French 6 Mar 81 p 632]
9465
HUILA RU1tAL UNION ESTABLISHED--Antonio Franca Ndalu, member of the political depart-
ment of the MPLA and secretary of the central committee for agriculture, livestock
and fishing, recently presided over a ceremony in Lubango at which a rural union
for Huila province was established. This rural union, created after those already
set up in Malan3e, Uije and Cuanza-sud provinces, has 27 cooperatives (5,487
cooperators) and 479 associations (97,958 associates). [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX
- $T MEDITERRAN~ENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 632] 9465 .
AUSTRIAN MINIIJG EQUIPI~NT--The Austrian company Austromineral, a subsidiary of the
Austrian steel consortium Voest-Alpine AG, wi11 supply Angola and Mozambique with
mining equipment needed for exploring mineral deposits and processing ores, as well
as with the necessary know-how. Orders for Angola amount to about 200 million
gchillings (or about 64 million francs), and for Mozambique to about 55 million
schillings (17.6 million French francs). [Text] [Paris MARQiES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 632] 9465 -
ALLEGED CUBAN RECOLONIZATION--Is the Angolan central plateau in the process of
being recolonized? Some tens of Cuban volunteers settled with their families at
� the beginning of January in the rich province of Huambo where they took over the
~ lands, villas and agricultural workers of the former Portuguese colonizers. In
addition to their salaries as cooperantas and a risk bonus, they will reportedly
keep half of the income produced by the harvest. [Text] [Paris JEUNE AFRIQUE -
in French 8 Apr 81 p 29] -
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CENTRAL COMMITTEE POSTS--The Secretariat of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee
has just been set up as follows: Jose Eduardo dos Santos, secretary for cadres;
Iucio Lara, secretary for organization; Ambrosio Lukoki, secxetary for ideology,
~.riformation and culture; Juliao Mateus Paulo (Dino Matrosse), secretary for party
acCivity in the defense and security area; Henrique de Carvalho Santos Onambwe,
secretary for governmental ~udicial agencies; Roberto de Almeida, secretary for
_ economic and social policy; Manuel Pedro Pacavira, secretary for the production
sector; Afonso Van-Dunem Mbinda, secretary for external relations; and Ilidio Tome -
Alve~ Machado, secretary for civil service and finance. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 855] 9631
~ CSO: 4400/969
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BOTSWANA
INTERVIEW WITH PRESIDENT MASIRE
LD0~61429 London THE FINANCIAL TTMES in English 6 Apr 81 p 23
[Interview with Ur Quett Masire, president of Botswana, by Quentin Feel and
IrLichael Holman: date and place not given]
[Excerpt] Nearly ten months after he came to office it is clear that Dr Ma~ire
will pursue the pragmatic approach of his predecessor. In part it reflects his
own judgment, but it also says something about Botswana's multi-party system and
the nature of the ruling party itself: "Whatever policy prevailed under Sir
Seretse," he told THE FINANCIAL TIMES, "was not just his own individual philosophy,
but the philosophy of his party. And as of now I cannot foresee any major political ;
or economic change in our strategy."
There certainly can be no change, he argues, in the country's major foreign policy
issue--relations with neighbouring South Africa. Botswana gets around 85 percent
of its imports, including oil, from there, he points out. "So sanctions against
South Africa virtually means sanctions against Botswana"--hence Botswana's absten-
tions in the recent UN vote on the issue.
"I'm dead certain that if there were sancti~ns, the South Africans would pass them
= on to us firsC. If there is anything in short supply it is nei ghbouring black
states that talk too loud at the Organisation of African Unity and the UN that
suffer the consequences."
There are currently about 1,000 refugees in Botswana, mainly from South Africa,
but their activities are strictly circumscribed. "We have come out very clearly
to both the OAU and the UN that we are not in a position to allow BoCswana to be
used as a launching pad. Those who are ~ealous of our independence would use
this as a pre-text for attacking us.
"To start with not many countries understood, but now most, if not all, do appre-
ciate our position. Gaborone has no formal diplomatic links with Pretoria but
Botswana carries out what has come to be called 'telephone diplomacy.' When
things happen we pick up a phone and ask Pretoria: 'What are you up to?"'
If Botswana has to live with what the president describes as a"troublesome
neigHbour" at leas;. there is relief on one border. Zimbabwe's independence last
~ year meant an end to border incursions and other problems: "The 20,000 refugees
~ that were here have now gone home. And while the war was on we never knew whether
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H
we would wake up one day to f ind the railway (run by Rhodesia Railways) was not
operative becaus~ things had gone berserk in Rhodesia.
Nevertheless, the Rhodesian war left a mark. The Botswana def ence force was created
as a response to the incursions. Today the force totals some 2,500 men, on which
P56M will be apent over tFi2 19?9-85 development plan period--a not insignificant _
burden i.n a country with a population of only 850,000.
Dr Masire argues that nearly double this will be spent on education--"I think
this s:tows our priorities are right"--and much of the military spending is on the _
basic items required by a defence force, such as barracks: " It's not like South
Africans are not spending even more money on something that already exists." -
The president does not underestimate the difficulties that lie ahead if the planned _
targets for rural development and job creation are to be reached. The land is _
generally arid and school-leavers are finding it increasingly difficult to find
3obs in the towns.
"First o� all we thought the biggest obstacle was finance, but we have come to a
point where an even bigger constraint is manpower. Rural development is skill-
intensive and we need more people to implement projects scattered all over the _
country.
"And we have a comparatively new phenomenon. In the past we only had underemploy-�
' ment. Somebody may not have o~rned cattle, but he would be looking afCer them.
Now we have people coming to Gaborone looking for jobs because they have no cattle _
of their own, while the man who does own cattle ].ooks after them himself. Unemploy-
ment is becoming very pronounced hence our concern about rural development and job I
creation."
It is also one reason behind Botswana's efforts to expand the industrial sector
and encouraging foreign investment. Foreign exchange regulations are liberal and
the government does not demand half the equity in joint ventures--"but we do insist _
on equal representation on the board of management."
Unfortunately, says Dr Masire, "being a rather turbulent region, people are always
visiting the inquities of our neighbours upon us. We need to explain just where
we are and what our future plans are. We have a team of consultants to help us
see how we can improve our investment climate, and they will report later this
year." ~
Dr Masire admits that Botswana is a popular destination for aid donors but insists
' that it remains a poor country. "It is a very dece~tive situation, because a lot
of money has poured in to develop the mines. But a lot of money is simply kept
in the banks. It gives a falsz sense of abundance.
"People think every Botswana is affluent. We really are still a poor country
thinking in terms of the individual Botswana, despite all the effort the government
makes to see that what comes out of the mines is ploughted back into development
in the rural area.
"Our problem is that there are so many priorities, and so f ew people to meet them." -
COPYRIGHT: The Financial Times Ltd.
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CAMEROON
BRIEFS
CANADIAN AID FOR PLANES--The Canadian Government has agreed to finance the Cameroonian
Government's purchase of two DHC-5D Buffaloes at 23.I million dollars. The Cana.da
Export Development Corporation has granted a credit of 18.5 million dollars to the
Cameroonian Government for this contract. [Text] [Paris LE MONITEUR DE L'AERONAUTIQUE
in French Apr 81 p 8J
CSO: 4400
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~
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
CHAD
PRFSIDENT GOUKOUNI'S SOUTHERN TOUR
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 8 1 p 845
,[TeictJ Goukouni Weddeye, the president of Chad's Transition Government of National -
IInion (GUNT), made a week-long tour in the country's southern region.
This was the president's first visit--he comes from Tibesti--in so-called "Sara"
country *~here the desire to keep a separate identity in rela tion to Islamic Chad
is ev'ident. According to the FRENCH PRE~S AGENCY, 70 million CFA francs were _
supposedly made available to organize this tour, which is of great political
signif3cance.
A sp~cial operation was set up to ma.intain security for the head of GUNT and the
$0-odd people accompanying him. All of the ministers who come from the south had =
returned to their l~ome territory to make preparatxons for recQiving them, while
- most of the remaining ministers were part of the tour party. ~
~ During his meetings in the 5 southern prefectures, President Goukouni made remarks =
which were favorably received among the population, in particular about implementing ~
. the Zagos Agreements as a whole, organizing free elections, the secular character of
the Chadian state, as well as how all civil servants will be paid their salaries as
of the end of March.
President Goukouni also lamented the fact that Chad is admin isCered by the diff erent
arined factions which make up the GUNT, and he reaffirmed the need for the territorial -
- division by these factions among themselves to come to an end so that government
~autliority can be established over the entire country.
l~s a sign of his placatory desire, Goukouni Weddeye anraounced that prisoners from the
~south (elements of the "Chadian Armed Forces" captured by FROZINAT in 1978 in
'Borkou-Erinedi-Tibesti) would be released in the neax future and could return to the
region they came from.
In addition, the president stated that there would be no merger between Chad and
I,ibya aizd that there were neither Soviets nor East Germans in Chad.
"S'outhern_cadres expressed the desire to increase Chad's cooperation with other states,
~including France, and to consider the withdrawal of Libyan t roops from Chadian
territory.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9631 21
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CHAD
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMTC AID
� Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 846
[Text] A UN mission which stayed a week du:.ing mid-March in Chad has just been
_ examining possible forms of UN assistance to that country.
According to the FRENCH PRESS AGENCY's correspondent in N'Djamena the mission agreed
_ in principle that assistance should be given quickly. After a period of 2 or 3
months, the UN could provide a contribution of 5 to 6 million dollars to set up
mobile facilities which would allow N'Djamena to reestablish contacts with the out-
- side. The UN could al.so decide to send a 3000 kw power unit to supply Chad's
capital city with water and electricity.
~ In the "nealth area, 1 million dollars of aid was their figure of what should be
given to help with current needs in N'Djamena hospitals. However, the mission
specified as a preliminary condition for this aid that consulting physicians be
sent and that WHO representatives be reinstated. There is also allowance made for
supplying medicines worth about 5 million dollars.
Similarly, the UN exp erts accepted in principle that 12,600 tons of grains should
be given as food aid. The UN will also supply 500 tons of seeds for the next
agricultural season in the country.
An informed source in N'Djamena emphasizes that none of these provisions can for
the moment be considered as final binding decisions. In actual fact it is the UN
secretary general who will decide on whether to implement them after bei.ng informed
about the mission's report. The same source says that everything hinges on how
Chad's internal situation evolves.
~ Before leaving N'Djamena, the mission's memb~rs went north of the capital to -
, Massaguet and 250 km south to Bongor so they could see for themselves if there were
peaceful conditions in the country. In a statement made in N'Djamena Mr Akhund,
head of the delegation, said that all UN member countries favor rapid implementation
of the last General Assembly's resolutions to aid Chad.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981.
9631
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G'~IAD
BRIEFS _
`CLA5g bN`FRONTIER--According to Sissein Habre's FAN (Northern Armed Forces), they
w~re engaged in f ierce combat with government troops supported by Libyans in the
- Ali~~he regit~n on the Sudan-Chad border on 12 March. [Text] [Paris ME~RCHES
~Z`ROPICAUR ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 790] 9631
~~GYPTIAN ~lR1~S ~$IPMENTS--On 16 March Egypt acknowledged that it was supplying arms
to Hissein Habre's Northern Armed Forces (FAN). Furthermore, while talking about
tHe Libyan intervention in Cha:d, the Egpptian minister of foreign affairs, Ramal
- Hasan 'Ali, pointed out that Egypt and France ha~i been having consultations on
that sub~ect "for a long time." [Tezt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAIIX ET I~fEDITERRANEENS
in French 27 Mar 81 p 790] 9ti?1
NEW CHIEF OF GENERAL STAFF On 12 March President Sassou-Nguesso, Congo`s chief
of state and minister of natibnal def ense, officially presented the new chief of
general staff of the APN (National People's Army), Lt Col Emmanuel Elenga, to the
APN s troops and off icers. EleRga succeeds Lt Col Raymond Damas Ngolo who is
= currently a minister assigned to the Defense Ministry. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
~ `TROPICAUX ET 1~DITERRANEENS in F'rench 27 Mar 81 p 792] 9631
FED ROAD AID--The European Development Fund [FED] is going to take part in repair
work~on the Sibite-Bihoua road in the Congo with a grant of 2.6 million ECU's.
[Text] [Paris MARCAES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 792] 9631
~FAC FINA2dCING AGREEMENTS--The F`rench ministar of cooperation and the Congo have
~ust signed two fi.nancing agreements in the Aid and Cooperation Fund (FAC) context
toralirig T48'million CFA francs (2,960,000 French f.rancs) related to the agronomic
_ ~ese~rch aid pro3ect and FAC's aid to Marien Ngouabi University for the 1980-1981
'~~c~ioo3 year. [Te~tt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French Mar 81
~'p 792] 963I
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PRESIDENT TOURS INTF.RIOR--The presid~nt of Chad's Transitional National Union
Government [GUNT], Mr ~oukouni Oueddei, will tour the Chadian interior starting
on 10 March. The last tour of this type for a Chadian chief of state goes back to _
1978, with General Mallotmm. This decision was made at a council of ministers _
meeting where concrete measures were also adopted to encourage the demilitarization
of Ndjamena, and where it was decided to ratify the Lome Convention II, which
links the EEC and the ACP [African Caribbean and Pacific] countries. Concerning
the demilitarizaCion of Ndjamena, the GUNT decided to allocate a sum of 100 million
CFA Fr to the Joint Mili*_ary Commission responsible for that question. This major
financial effort for a country which is in default on payments shows the full -
importance which the GUNT atitaches to the implementation of its decisions in this
area. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 621]
FRANC ZONE 1~EfEMMBERSHIP--0n 21 March in Dakar Michel Kosnaye, Chadian minister af
economy, confirmed Chad's desire not to leave the franc zone after he stated that
p osition at the conference of ministers from zone member states which was held
1 9 March in the capital of Senegal. Kosnaye stated that his country was anxious
to participate in the Dakar meeting in order to clearly register this desire to ,
remain a zone member. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MIDITERRANEENS in French
27 Mar 81 p 846] 9631
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CONGO
BRIEFS
EEC LOAN=-The EEC has awarded a loan of about 54 million CFA Fr to the Congolese _
~Iational Development Bank (BNDC) for initial financing of a program of "Technical
Assi'stance to the BNDC." [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANE~NS
in French 6 Mar 81 p 623] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981] 9516
FIS73, FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT FINANCINC~-The Congo and two international organizations,
- UNPD and the FAO, have signed draft agreements in Brazzaville for a total of
914 million CFA Fr, the Congolese information agency reports. The proposal signed
with UNPD, which is for 238 million CFA Fr, concerns development of rural fishing,
and the second, with the FAO, for a total of 676 million CFA Fr, concerns the field
of forest development. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in
- French 6 Mar 81 p 623] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981] 9516
_ CSO: 4400/912
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ETHIOPIA
VIGNOI,O R~;PORTS GRADUAL VICTORY OF ERITREAN ' REALITIES'
1~Cilan CORRIERE DELLA SERA in Italian 11 Apr 81 p 3
[A`rticle by Mino Vignolo: "Eritrea Normalized With ' Realism"' ]
- [Excerpts] Massawa--The scars of the war are still visible in the poorest and most
populous district of Massawa, the city on the Red Sea that Italians, once upon a =
'tinie~, used to proudly call "the gateway of the empire." ~ao years have gone by
since 'the violent battles opposing Ethiopian soldiers and Eritrean guerrillas, but
t:~e signs are still there, raw and fresh as if the battles had taken place only
yesterday.
Together with Keren, Massa~a is the city that suffered the most; however, it is
also the city where the burden of fear is least noticeable. There is no curfew -
since entrance to the city is easily controlled and guard posts are fewer than
el~sewhere.
In Asmara, the capital of the province, the attention of the Ethiopian forces seems
- more vigilanC and curfew is observed beginning at 1900 hours "as a precautionary _
measure." This is a city which, in contrast to Massawa, hears no visible acars
of the ~adr, but it is a city i:i~at ~las experien~ed suiP~ring. Uccu~ied militarily
tiy the Mengistu troops and besienged by the Eritrean guerrillas, Asmara lived
through a nightmare for a long time and is only now beginning to breathe again.
Tlie "pacification campaign," as it is called by the Addis Ababa government, has -
at least achieved thiv initial result: in Eritrean cities, the people are learning
- to live again. Maj Dawitt Wold~e Giorgis, who is in charge of the political sector
in Eritrea, received me in Asmara. He makes himself very clear: "One cannot make
'exceptions for Eritrea: provinces are equal in rights and duties. The principl'e
"e'~ciated in tHe program of the Ethiopian revolution, which establishes a certain
~
autonomy in internal affairs, is valid for all 14 provinces." This program
' specifies that "each ethnic group will have the right to determine the content of
political. economic and social life, to use its own language and elect its own
leaders and administrators for internal entities." Up to now, only the linguistic
c]:ause has been applied, but it is too soon to bring judgment since there is
'~still a de facto cease-fire in effect. There is no agreement bet;aeen the warring
�factioris and no guarantee that the fight will not start again. Nevertheless,
_ d~spite Clie fragility of the truce, a step has been taken in the direction of peace,
'at ~Ieast in the political and psychological field. A"pacification campaign"
- `i~eans ttiat the ~Addis Ababa government ha~ chosen the way of persuasion and not that
of veng~:;ance and repression.
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- Dawitt, a man who "counts" today in Ethiopia, says: "It is important to win over
the minds and the hearts, and ~e are slowly succeeding. All provincial adminis-
trators are Eritreans, and many Eritreans occupy positions of responsibility in
the capital." A general amnesty has been proclaimed for repentant guerrillas, -
who are sent to special rehabilitation centers where they receive politic~l training
for. 2 or 3 months. They are tfien allowed to return to their families and normal
life. We visited one of these centers in the vicinity of Asmara. The inmates
are all quite young. They all declared themselves victims of distorted propaganda.
Perhaps the presence of some COPWE members near me was a bit of a concern. -
Even if the Eritrean question remains open and it is not right to draw hasty
conclusions, we have a feeling, confirmed by shreds of witness account~ gathered
here and there: the great majority of the popul~tion is tired from 20 years of
war, death and destruction. Realism is prevailing over friendly feelings toward
the guerrillas, who could even be sons, brothers or sisters.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Editoriale del "Corriere della Sera" s.a.s.
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GABON
CCCE GRANTS URANIUM, PROCESSING DAM LOANS
Paris MARCFiES TROFICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Max 81 p 683
[Article: "7.6 Billion CFA Francs in I,oans From the Central Fund"]
Text The representatives of the French Central Fund for Economic Cooperation
~CCCE~ in Libreville were reminded that this body has recently granted two loans
to Ga,bon, the total amount of which i~ 7.62 billion CFA [African Financial Commu-
nity] francs.
At its meeting of 18 December last, the supervisory council of the CCCE decided to
allocate 7 billion CFA f~ancs for the paxtial financing of new treatment installa-
tions for COMUF [Franceville Uranium Mining Company] uranium, as well as for the
expansion of the Poubaxa da,m~ in the Haut Ogooue. The loan, which concerns sums
in the ~~first'~ (soft conditions) and "second window," was granted at an average
interest rate of 11.6 percent.
On the other hand, on 15 Februasy the supervisory council allocated 620 million CFA
francs for the paxtial financing of a supplementary program of cocoa traal s in the -
Woleu Ntem. It concerns a"first wi.ndow" loan at 5.5 percent, repayable in 13 years
with a 5 yeax deferment, comparable to the 600 million CFA franc loan which had al-
ready been granted by the CCCE in 1976.
On 31 December 1980, the sum of CCCE credits to Gabon amounted to 28.8 billion CFA
francs, 12.9 billion of which to the state of Gabon. -
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Pa.ris 1981.
8463
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~
GHANA
BRIEFS
TEXAS PACIFIC OIL EXPLORATION The Texas Pacific Corporation has committed itself
to inaking a study of the lagoon ba.sin of Keta~ wi1;h a view to begin drilling opera-
tions there this year. While making this announcement, the Ghanaian Government
- specified that it intends to aid petroleum companies by rovidin them with a11
facilities necessa,ry for their prospectin~ activities. ~Text] ~Paris MARCHES TRO-
PICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Max 81 p 679] 84-b3
~ TEMA PORT IMPROVEMENTS Speaking to the parliament on 18 February, the Ghanaian
- m~nister of fuel and ene.rgy, Mr Frantz Wu1ff-Tagoe, announced the government's in-
~ention to develop the port of Tema in ordex to make it accessible to the largest
- oil tankers and to add an asphalt manufacturing plant to the refinery. Negotiations
to this effect ase appasently already in progress with foreign investors. At the
- present time, the port can only accomodate tankers not exceeding 30~000 tons. The
planned alterations would a11ow it to accomodate 100,000 ton tankers. When asked
also about the domestic consumption of fuel, the minister responded that it was
currently as follows: more than 20 million liters of diesel oil; approximately
2U million liters of high grade and more than a dozen mi~lion liters of kerosine.
With regard to imports of crude from Libya, he assured that the difference of
opinion which had arisen with that country last November (MARCHES TROPICATJX ET ME-
DITERRANEENS of 21 November, p 3099) had had no effect at a11 on deliveries. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANE~NS in French 13 Max 81 p 679] 84-63
CSO: 4~00
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GUINEA
BRIEFS
_ COOPER~TION WITH INDIA VIEWED--From 16 to 20 March Ahmed Sekou Toure, the Guinean
chief of state, made an official visit to India at the head of a delegation of 20.
Ttie two parties discussed at ministerial level the possibility of Indian participa-
`ti:on in the billion-dollar Konkoure hydroelectric pro~ect and in the areas of road
conetruction, small-scale industry, rural development, and railroads. In addition,
on 19 March Guinea proposed collaboration with India in the area of prospecting for,
- production of and trade in diamonds, and in precious and semi-precious stones, in
the course of talks in New Delhi between the Guinean minister of foreign trade and
1~is Indian counterpart. A delegation of Indian experts will go t o Guinea in the
near future to discuss prospects for cooperation. Sanjiva Reddy, the president of
tlie Republic of India, and Indira Gandhi, the prime minister, accepted the invitation
to make an off3cial visit to G~.inea at an undetermined time. [Text] [Paris _
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 8~7] 9 631
_ URANIUM EXPLOITATION--During a meeting in Conakry on 13 March two groups of potential
partners for the Guinean Government in Guinea's uranium mining program were formed. -
The f irst group, which will be involved in the area of uranium deposits in the south-
eastern part of Guinea, includes the government of Nigeria and companies from West
Germany, Yugoslavia, Belg3um and possibly Canada. The second group, which will be
involved in the south central zone (Los Island and the Kindia, Mamou and Dabola
regions), is made up of companies fram West Germany, Romania, Switzerland and the
T~nited States. Negotiations are being carried out within these groups with a view
to arriving at an agreement w3th the Guinean Government at the next meeting set
for around the end of April or the beginning of May. This agreement is intended
to Tay out specifics regarding the names of participating compan ies, the distribu-
tion will be financed. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in
Fre'nch 27 Mar 81 p 837] 9631
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GUINEA-BISSAU
OIL, BAUXITE, PHOSPHATE FIGURE IN DEVELOPMENT PLANS
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENg in French 27 Mar 81 p 837
[Article: "Oil Exploration Starting Up Again"]
[Text] Since the coup which toppled President Luis Cabral, the International De-
velopment Association (IDA, the World Bank affiliate) has made a$6.8 million credit
available to Guinea-Bissau for oil prospecting.
The exploration is slated to be carried out by the British company DIGICON on
G~inea-Bissau's continental shelf excluding the two zones which are the subject of
- litigation with Senegal and Guinea-Conakry.
The Guinea-Bissau Government has a$180,OU0 share in this IDA-financed project which
consists of determining the quality and volume of petroleum deposits which have been
discovered in order to see if exploiting them is commercially profitable.
The British involved 3n prospecting have available to them the mass of documents
which French, Portuguese and American firms had collected during earlier prospecting
e.fforts. These firms in, fact recently agreed to hand over the documents in their
possession to the Bissau Government.
But oil is not Guinea-Bissau's only mineral resource. In fact, prospect3ng efforts
are underway for bauxite deposits, with assistance from the USSR, and for phosphate,
wi.th France's collaboration.
In addition, it is anticipated that mining the bauxite deposits irt the southeastern
- part of the country will involve building a dam on the Corrubal River for energy
product3on and building an ore tanker port at Bulia which could be used jointly with
Senegal, Mali and Guinea-Conakry.
The reorganization of Guinea-Bissau`s economy, currently being studies in one of the
committees formed after the coup, is an indication that the country Is going to try
to profit more from its natural resources, particularly wood (20,000 tons in 1979)
and fish, in order to improve its trade bala.nce, which showed a def icit of $45
million in 1979. `
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 19�31
9631
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KENYA
INDIAN COMMUNITY MORE SECURE
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 625
[Article: "Indian Coumrunity in Kenya Reassured Following Presidential Trip to
'~ew Delhi"J
[Excerpts] Beyond its positive aspects in terms of plans for cooperation and
reciprocal exchanges, President Moi's trip to New Delhi had a major impact on the
Indian community i.n Kenyay (some 100,000 persons) who felt further reassured by it.
The community had in fact nourished the most dire anxieties at the time when
_ Uganda's Idi Amin llada bent his efforts to chasing out all nationals of Asiatic
origin. It feared then that the contagion of xenophobia might spread into Kenya.
.9sid in fact it was not far off the mark. While not suffering the prompt treatment
that was practiced in Uganda, many Kenyan Indians in coimnerce and business did have
to emigrate to Great Britain with their British passports, to yield place to the
Africans, in the context of a degree of Africanization decreed by the late President
Kenyatta. Shortly after assuming his duties and pursuant to the fall of the Ugandan
, dictator, the new Kenyan president applied himself to beginning to reassure the
Asiatics of his country, emphasizing the freedom he intended to allow for the
establishment of businesses. Their departure, moreover, had harmful effects on
the economy.
So they returned, more confident, in a climate where tolerance once more reigned.
One sees an example of this tolerance in the most recent legislative elections, _
where a deputy of Indian origin, M.K. Gautama, was elected in one of the districts
~ in the capital city (MTM of 7 December 1979, p 3407). The investments and technical
aSSistance tha.t l~idia is going to bring to Kenya, as well as the cultural and
- educational exchanges ta the two countries, will contribute still more to reassuring
the local Indian community, for whom the President's trip to New Delhi will remain -
a ma~or event.
GOPYhIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9516
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KENYA
BRIEFS
INDIAN COOPERATION--During a 1-week visit he just made to India at the head of an
important delegation of 75 people, the Kenyan chief of state signed a series of
bilateral accords intended to promote cooperation and exchanges between the two
countries. These accords cover the fields of education, culture, technical and
- economic cooperation, and trade. India also agreed to train Kenyan technicians _
in the fields of defense, co~nunications, and electronic equipment. The two
countries will also explore the possibilities of ~oint enterprises in the sectors -
of steel-making and primary medications, while India will establish centers for
development and electronic research in Kenya. A delegation of Indian experts should
soon be coming to Nairobi to evaluate in the field the possibilities of going ahead
with these projects and decide on any supplementary technical assistance. Kenya
also proposed cooperation with private Indian firros fo~ the provision and assembly
of cement-works. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
6 Mar 81 p 625] [COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981] 9516
CSO: 4400/912
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MALI
BRIEFS
~'LANIVING COt1NCIL ESTABLISHED--On 28 February, a Higher Council of the Plan was
created in Mali, with the intent, according to the law, to "define the objectives
cif the plan based on directives from the Democratic Union of the Malian People" -
EUDPM, the only party), "to approve the projects of the plan developed bq the
planning authorities, to follow up on the execution of the plan, and to approve
necessaiy.ad~ustments." The head of state is chairman of the Higher Council of the
- Plan. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUR LT MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 614]
- 9465
AGRICULTURAL BANK ESTABLISHEI}--The National Agricultural Development Bank (BNDA)
was established on 28 February with the Malian government as the major partner.
This new bank "plans to give technical or financial assistance for the accomplishment
. of any project that promotes the rural development of Ma1i. In this capacity it
intervenes either in its own interest or in that of the state or public agencies."
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET ML~DITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 614] 9465
CSO: 4400/922
34
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. MOZAMBIQUE
REPORTED DISSIDENT THREAT, DIVERGEI~TCE TROUBLE NATION
Paris :1ARCHES TROPICA.UX ET MEDITERR~AI~TEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 856
[Article: "'>2aputo Regime Battling I~s Armed Opposition and Internal Divergence"]
n [Text] Nearly o years after independence began, forces hostile to Presiclent Samora
Machel's regime continue to emerge in the heart of Mozambique, while a serious
'divergence of opinion seems to be emerging within FRELIMO itself regarding possible
strengthening of ties with Mo~cow.
There are indications from a well-informed Western source that activities of under-
ground raembers of the National Resistance Movement (MRN) have picked up a eextain
amount in intensity over the last few months. The result is to refute officizl al-
'l~gation,, aiiout its having been wiped out during a vast milit.~ry operation carried
out last July in the mountainaus Sitaton~a massif (Manica Province) near the border
- with Zimba~wP.
~ The road linking Beira to Maputo "is not safe," and ~oods transport takes place
unde.r the protertion of military convoys since ambushes are frequent. Similarly,
the railway line between Beira and Chimoio has also lieen. subjected to recent at-
tacks on the part of MRN members.
Accordi.ng to news stories published in Johannesbur~;, the MRN claims thes~ days to
= have about 10,000 "we11 trained and well equipped" guerrilla fighters. Since
Ma~or Andre Matsangaisse's death (in July 1980 at the time of the raid by regular
- Mozambican troops), these force~ are said to ~Se led by Messrs Afonso Jacamo, known -
as Dhlakama, Raul Manuel Domingos, and Jose Domiiigos. In official circles in
Mo2ambi:que it is asserted that the MRN is actively supported by South Africa which
is said to have even set up traireing camps for this purpose in Transvaal Province.
In addition, the good relations existing between Maputo and Moscow are apparent7.y
not unanimously approved of within FRELIMO and ever~ within the cabinet. Persistent
, rnmors are circulating in Maputo about divisions which are said to exist at the
highest ]_evels of tha government regarding whether it is advisable to quarrel seri-
ously with the United States by so vigorously denouncing the famous "CIA plot."
The United States has poured aroured $85 mill.ion 9nto Mozambique during the last 5
years ancl several officials are said to fear at present that Washington may "cut off
~2~tozambique's means of subsistence'' to respond to the recent expulsion of American
diplomats stationed in Ma.puto (C.F. MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, Issue No.
1844, 13 March, t~ 694) . _
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F~rthermore, experts observe that at least in the econom~.c area PresidenC Samora
Machel's margin for maneuvering is extremely limited when you consider Moza~bique's
extreme dependence on neighboring South Africa.
Recent figures show that the wages paid to some 35~,000 Mozambican nations outside
their country in South Africa (where most of tfiem work in the mines) plus the
a.mounts of money paid by Pretoria to use the Mapnto ore tanker port and electricity -
from the Cabora Bassa Dam represent around 40 percent of ttie new country's foreign _
exchange resources. In add3tion, Sovie~ aid ~akes the form mostly of trucks,
puhlic works equipmerit and engineering equip~~nent provided free or at competitive
prices.
Finally, in th~ ~ood area it is from South A,~rica tfiat Moz~bique buys hundreds o~ -
thousands of tons of corn a year wflich ~t needs.
COPYRIGHT : Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9631
CSQ: 4400/969
~
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MOZAMB~QUE
ADF CITRUS PROJECT FTNANCING
Paris MARCHES TROPTCAUX ET MEDTTERRANEENS in FrencT~ 27 Mar 81 p 856
IArticle: "A Loan For Citrus Development"]
[Text] The African Development k~nd (ADF) has granced an 8.9 milli.on UCF jUnited
_ ~ Commun~ty Funds] loan (approximately 2,259 millioa CFA francs) to the People's
- Republic of Mozainbique for financing tfie citrus development pro~ect. The loan is
to be paid back over 50 years with payments deferred for 10 years.
The pro~ ect's px unary oh~ective is to develop new citrus groves by replacing old
groves where the trees are diseased so that citrus exports can continue to earn
foreign exchange for Moza~tbique. The pro~ect also has the goal of creating jobs
in the area where it w311 be carried out and to give proo~ of tfie development po ~
tent ial offer~d by citrus agriculture.~
The project consists of developing 1000 hectares of land into citrus groves irrigated
~iy sprinklers. The pro~ ect's costs are estunated at 13.5 ~million UCF; they include
8.9 million UCF for f oreign exchange coats and 4.6 million UC~' for local costs.
The proj ect will be f inanced ~ ointly tiy the AD'F and tfie Mozambican Government . The
ADF loan will be used to finance 100 percent of the foreign exchange costs needed
- �or the pro3 ect, that is, 65 percent of the total costs.
Pro~ect implementati,on will be stretched out over a period o~ 5 years and should
start up in 1981. The implementing agency is the National Citrus Company (EEC) in
_ Maputo.
All goods and services except for buildings and locally ~manufactured goods will ~e
purchase3 via international tenders in accordance witY? ADF standard procedures in
this area.
_ Including the additional production unit financed }~.y~ AD~ (t~is one will be located
in Timanguene, in tfie Magulie District), the EEC w311 have 2,200 hectares under cult i-
v8tion next year. Last year the company exported 11,500 tons of citrus.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
- 9fi31
CSO: 4400/969
' 37
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_ MOZAMBIQUE
BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION
Paris MARCKES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 632
[Editorial: "A Plan For the Irrigation of 80,000 Hectares by Geotecaica, a Brazilian
Company,~ ]
[Text] The second phase of plans for an. ix~dustrial complex, developed by the Brazilian
company Geotecnica and which is to be built in the Bue Maria region, in the hydro-
graphic basin of Pungue in the Mozambican province of Sofala, was begun this year.
The project in question will be continued next year and will cost almost $4.8 million.
- The plans call for the construction of a 60m high irrigation dam and the praduction
of electrical power. A soil analysis was done and an area of 140,000 hectares was
demarcated, of which 80,000 hectares will benef it from ~ planned irrigation system.
Banana plantations--their fruits e~rmarked for export--will be established in this
area. A pilot operation, on 1,000 hectares, wi11 be immediately set up, making it
possib1e to produce bananas as early as 1972 [as published]. The bulbs are kept in
nursery gardens and are 3n the care of one unit of the agricultural department.
A detailed soil analysis of the rema.ining 79,000 hectares is r~nder way. The effect
of f loods in the future c~am zone is also being studied, as well as the use of water
resources for irrigation.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
9465
~p; 4400/922
38
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MOGAMBI6~UE
BRIEFS
FISHING SECTOR'S GOALS UNMET For the past yeax, the overall objective of the
- fishing sector, established by the central state plan in Moza.mbique~ was to achieve
a production of 13,000 tons. The actual. level of production achieved was only -
7,200 tons, that is to sa,y that only 55 percent of the objective was reached. These _
figvres were made public by Mr Joaquim Tenreiro de Almeida, secretary of state for
fishing, on the occasion of the meeting of the enlarged advisory council. The delay
- with regaxd to the plan was the result of technical difficulties encountered by the
EMOPESCA [expa.r_sion unknown], MOSOPESCA [expansion unknown] and PESCAMAR [expansion
unknown] companies, due to the shortage of fishing boats. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
T'.~OPICAUX ET MEDITFRRANEENS in French 13 Mar 81 p 69~] 84~63
USSR AGRICULTURAL COOPERATION--The Soviet company Selkhospromexport is preparing a
plan for the development of the Limpopo Valley. This company must first study the
viability and the organization of a plan for irrigation and water drainage, as well
as the building of dams and canals. Selkhospromexport will then go on to implement
the plan by building agricultural and industrial complexes, housing for the workers,
and in establishing the infrastructure needed. The preparation of tlzis plan, which .
should last 42 months, involves 150 specialists from different fields. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 632] 9465
CSO: 4400/922
39
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~ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
~
_i
i
~
I
NIGER _
RES ULTS OF GALLEY' S~TIS IT
Paris MARCIiES TROPIC,AUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 786
r..
[Article: "Robert Galley's Niamey Visit: Development of Cooperation with France"]
[Text] Roberty Galley, French minieter of cooperation and of defense, made an
official visit to Niger 7-11 March. The minister was received twice by President.
Seyni Kountche.
Galley made the statement that their meeting dealt with the whole range of coopera-
tion between the two countries, in particular the Kandadji dam project, the price
of uranium, tlie decline of which he said was '~rorrying" for France as well as for
Niger, anci the development of Nigerien television.
On the subject of ~he Ka.ndadji pr~ject, the usefulness of which was questioned
~ during the lenders meeting held in February in Niamey, Galley stressed that France
continues to attach great importance to it.
He said, "France was committed to the Kandad~i dam from the start. We consider
the Kandadji dam to be an indispensable element in Niger's development, in electrical
power development as well as its enormo~s irrigation potential which undoubtedly
could make it possible for Niger to achieve self-sufficiency ~n food."
W~.th a 1.~+ billion cubic meter. capacity creating a 230 square km lake, this dam
structure is meant to provide a regulated water flow and allow 140,000 hectares in
the Niger valley to be irrigated.
Regarding television, Fresident Kountche and the French minister discussed ways .
to make sure it will cover Niger's entire area in the years to come.
Galley also said that President Rountche feels that French and international aid
= efforts ought to be modified to take Niger's actual situation better into account
since Niger's development efforts are in danger of slowing and even of stopping
~ because of the fall in the international price of uranium.
Gal:ley added that President Kountche would also like to direct the attention of
France and other countries to the fact that Niger still has a difficult food situ-
ation and therefore needs food sid.
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The French mi.nister also had a meeting with his Nigerien counterpart, Daouda
Diallo, and the two signed a financing agreement involving the sum of 4 million
French francs (200 million CFA francs). This amount will provide for the outf itting
c~f four district maternity hospitals and five rural dispensaries as well as the
building and outf itting of a Mother and Child Welfare Center and a maternity hoapital
in Niamey.
0?~ 9 March F`rance and Niger signed a financial aid agreement for 28.7 million French
francs (1,435 million CFA francs) slated for keeping up payments on.a loan made by
- the Central Fuad for Economic Cooperation for 72.6 million (3,630 million CFA francs).
This was one of France's special contributions to Niger's National Investment Fund
for 1981.
The French Government has already made an effort in this direction by buying 600
tons of additional uranium on terms which will allow payment into Niger's investment
budget of a sum of 4,500 million CFA francs, which brings France's overall financial
assistance to the fund in 1981 to 8,130 million CFA francs.
We note further in the context o� Franco-Nigerien cooperation that a decree signed _
by President Seyni Kountche authorized the Nigerien Government to borrow a sum of
3,630 million CFA francs from the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation (CCCE) in
the form of special assistance to f inance several development projects. In
particular it is a question of telecommunications development (1 billion CFA francs)
and a capital holding in SONICHAR, the Anou Araren Nigerien Coal Company (1,320
million CFA francs).
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9631
CSO: 4400/966
41
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NIGER
NATIONAL POULTRY PROGRAM DEVELOPED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in FY~ench 27 Mar 81 p 840 =
[Text] With a view to meeting Niger's poultry needs, the Animal Industry and
- Livestock Service has worked out a National Poultry Development Program.
- The program provides for changing the poultry division into the National Poultry
Development Office. Also, in addition to setting up the up-to-date Goudel poultry
center which will be provided with a large-capacity incub~tor for hatching onQ-day
chicks, the program seeks to bring new techniques to the Maradi and Mirriah poultry _
centers and also to establish secondary centers at Dosso, Gaya, Konni, Tahoua,
Agadez, Maine and Arlit. Poultry producer cooperatives are also to be established
around major urban centers.
The program for setting up the Goudel poultry center extends over 5 years. Expected
production will be 448,000 chickens and 4.8 million eggs in the fi.rst year and will _
move up to 1.5 million chickens and nearly 20 million eggs per year. The program
will probably cost more than 1 billion CFA francs. Nigerien Government participa-
tion will amount to 205 million. CFA francs from 1976 to 1981. The Trust Fund share
_ in 1979 was 45 million and the UNCDF [United Nations Capital Development Fund] put
tn 631,000 dollars this year.
Finally, we note that the new Niamey poultry products factory has been in operation
since October 1980. The SONAL [expansion unknown] farm's plant has carried out its
first trials and its current production capacity is 2.5 tons an hour.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
96:; ~
- CSO: 4400/967
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NIGER
BRIEFS
BELGIAN FINANCIAL AII~--Belgium: Firnancial Aid of 700 Million CFA. Belgium on
20 February provided Niger financial assistance worth 100 million Belgian Fr
(14 n?illion French Fr). The aid is to be paid back over 30 years without interest,
with a grace period of 10 years. This loan is destined for two priority projects:
improving the salt-marsh and constructing a high-tension line to bring electricity ,
from the capital city Niamey to the Say region where major hydroelectric works are
in progress. [Text] [Paris MARQiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 ~
p 617] [COPYRIGIiT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981] 9516
FRENCH LOAN---On 17 March the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation and the Nigerien
minister of finance signed a loan agreement involving 72.6 million French francs,
which is 3.630 billion. CFA francs. The loan is a special French contribution to -
Niger's National Investment Fund for 1981 as a supplement to regular operations.
Of the tot31, 1 bi.llion CFA francs will be used in telecommunications development,
1.32 billion will go to the Nigerien Coal Company's (SONICHAR's) capital stock, _
and 1.31 billion will be for rural development. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET
MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 840] 9631
CSO: 4400/967
,
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RWANDA
f
EEC AID TO RWANDA DESCRIBED
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 13 Mar 81 p 688
[Text] The second Lome Agreement and the fifth European Development Fund (EDF) be-
came effective on 1 January 1981. The first four EDFs covered the period from 1958
to 1980.
From the outset, Rwanda has received aid from the EEC in the form of subsidies and
- from the fourth EDF through special loans.
~ Altogetlter, and under EDF 1 to 4, as of 3S. December 1980 Rwanda had been granted
cumulative aid of 103.9 million European units of accounc representing 6.2 billion
Rwandan francs.
This aid was earmarked for rural development (33.50 percent), energy (37 percent),
highway projects (14.70 percent), education and training (11.30 percent) and other
programs (3.50 percent). -
Rural development includes the expansion of tea growing arid construction of a leaf
processing plant, promotion of pyrethr~n growing with the installation of blossom
drying centers, planting of coffee trees and the settlement of families on agri-
cultural sites.
The energy infrastructure has received fun.ds for construction of the Mukungwa hydro-
electric power plant and electric power transmission lines in various areas. Highway
projects have included 153 km of roads and one bridge.
Under the fourth EDF, the European Investment Bank granted a loan of 3 million units
- of account to finance the tin foundry built by the Mining Company of Rwanda, a mixed
company; the plant shculd go into operation sometime this year.
Since 1976, the EEC has also helped to finance nongovernmental orgznizations operating
in Rwanda. This aid has included 28 projects'and totaled 205 million Rwandan francs
(health care, education, rural development, water supply, electrification, aid to
the handicapped, social works, etc.) From 1973 to 1980, the EEC participated in
financing food a~sistance to Rwanda (wheat, flour, powdered ski.m milk and butterfat).
Under the fifth EAF, a plan for:financiaZ and technical cooperation in Rwanda was _
signed in Kigali in January 1980.
~
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- Under this plan, EEC ai3 wi11 be between 72 and 80 million units of account, which
is equivalent to 9 to 10 billion Rwandan francs, for staggered programs to the end
of February 1985.
Tk?e sectoral distribution of EEC aid is as follows: rural development, 38 perCettts
education and training, 14 percent; higl~ay projects, 22 percent; energy, 10 percent; _
technical cooperation, 5 percent; microindustry, 2.50 percent; promotion of small
and medium-sized businesses, 1 percent; other programs and reserves, 7.50 percent.
Some projects have been suspended for the time being: the Bugesera water supply,
equipment for the Butare medical school and further improvements for the Ruhengeri
school.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie., Paris 1981
11915
CSO: 4400
45
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S ENEGAL
DIOUF NOTES ECONOMIC PROSPECTS FOR 1981
Paris MARCfiES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAN~ENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 835
[Text] In a statement made on 17 March before the Sene~;alese Economic and Social
Conncil, Abdou Diouf, president of the republic of Senegal, pointed out that
Senegal's economic prospects for 1981 "are not shaping up under the most favorable
auspices."
According to him, this situation is the result of the world economic crisis and the
drought's disastrous effects on agricultural and industrial production in 1980.
The consequences of lgst year's terrible climatic conditions on peanut production
are even more serious. According to Dioud it is possible that production will not
exceed 200,000 tans, while it reaches 1,000,000 tons in good years. Diouf pointed -
out that value added in agricultural production declined 20 percent in 1980 and
that the primary sector overall went down I4 percent.
As for the industrial sector, which grew 12 percent in 1979, it decl3ned 17 percent.
_ In 1980 oil mills alone registered a 48 percent decrease in activity because of the -
bad season for peanufis. This bad season involved a substantial decline in peanut
product exports (18 billion CFA francs compared to 42 billion in 1979). Thus it
contributed to th~ balance of trade deficit, assessed afi 96 billion francs. Diouf
- added that it was possible to limit the balance of payments deficit to 13 b illion
francs (campared to 25 b illion in 1979) thanks to external aid and particularly to
France's assistance amounting to more than 60 b illion francs.
In addition, the chief of state announced an increase in tax on value added (TVA), -
the establishment of compulsory withholding from wages and income, and impro~ved fiax
collection in order to compensate for the expected decline in I981 tax receipts.
_ Diouf stressed that Senegal's Sixth Development Plan, which begins next July, -
- provides for 463 billion CFA francs of investment: 24 percent of th3s sum will be
devoted to the primary sector, 34 percent to the secondary sector, 22 percent to
- the tertiary sector, and 20 percent to the quarternary sector (a quarter of which
is for education). Diouf pointed out that the rural sector was going ~o be re-
organized with a view to freeing the rural environment from the yoke of the bureau-
cracy and from inordinate supervision," and that a special water use plan would be
started up, includi.ng the construction of dams, borehole drilling, and well digging
as well as preparing land areas for irrigated agriculture.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9631 46
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SENEGAL
EUROPEAN AID IN FINANCING OF CHEMICAL iNDUSTRIES
Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 613
[Article--passages enclosed in slantlines printed in italics]
[Text] The /European Investment Bank (BEI),/ the European Community's Banking
- institution for longterm financing, has provided the Republic of Senegal with
assistance having an overall exchange value totaling 5.3 billion CFA Fr (17.7
million counting units) in contributions to the construction of an industrial complex
which includes, on the one hand, units for the manufacture of sulphuric acid and
phosphoric acid near the Taiba Phosphate mine quarry, 50 lan from Dakar, and on the
other ha~nd installations for the manufacture of fertilizer in the free zone. _
This industrial complex, /Chemical Industries.of Senegal (ICS),/ which should go
into servicz in mid-1985, contains equipment able to produce more than 560,000 tons
of sulphuric acid, 220,000 tons of phosphoric acid as well as 240,000 tons of
- fertilizer per year, a thermal power station with a 13-megawatt turbo generator,
storage and handling installations and various a~iliary equipment. The total
cost of the investment is estimated at 56 billion CFA Fr: this is Senegal's
biggest industrial project.
The producti~n, one-third o� which will be marketed in the form of phosphoric acid
and the remainder in the form of solid fertilizers, will assure the profitable
exploitation of a waste product (schlamms) previously unused in phosphate production.
The Senegalese state is a principal shareholder in the ICS company, along with
the Republic of the 7vory Coast, the /Islamic Development Bank/ and various companies
providing technical assistance for the completion of these investments, which were
already involved in prov~.ding for the exploitation of the phosphate mine
/Senegalese Phosphate Company of Taiba)/. Created in 1976 following a feasibility
study, the ICS company provided additional research before being entrusted with.
making the 3nvestment a reality.
To assist in the realization of this complex, which will provide significant foreign
currency dividends, BEI first provided two financial packages based on the first
_ Lome ConvenCion:
--A loan of 9 million counting units (some 217 billion CFA) from its own resources _
(that is, essentially, the producC of its loans on the capital markets). This
- loan was provided to the ICS company for 15 years at 8 percent interest, taking
into account an interest discount from the resources of the /~uropean Development
Fund./
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--A conditional laan of 614 million counting units (close to 1.9 billion CFA) to
the state of Senegal, for a maximum duration of 20 years at 2 percent interest,
in order to cover a part of its shares in the capital. -
- The BEI also accorded a second conditional ioan of 2.3 million counting units
(close to 690 million CFA) to the state of Senegal on the same conditions and with
the same intent.
/This loan is BEI's first operation in the framework of the second Lome Convention./
The two conditional loans were provided from the risk capital called for by the two
conventions and managed by BEI in its capacity as mandatory of the European Community.
Finally, a fourth loan for the same projects is anticipated in the next few months.
The /World Bank/ and the /International Finance Cou~~~any (FSI),/ the /African
Development Bank (ABD),/ the /Arab Bank for African Development (BADEA)/ and the
/Central Fund for Economic Cooperation/ (French) are also participating in the
- financing of these investments.
The BEI was already involved in preparation of this project in 1978 when it accor~ed
a conditional Zoan of 200,000 coim ting units, also on risk capital, for the comple-�
tion of feasibility studies.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981 -
9516
CSO: 4400/9Z2 -
~
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SENEGAL
NEW OIL MILL OPENED
Paris MARC'dES TROPICAUR ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 836
`
" [Article: "SEIB: Inauguration of the New Oil Mi11--A 10.7 Billion CFA Franc
~ Ir?vestmentr']
[Text] On 20 March Abdou Diouf, president of Senegal, inaugurated the new Baol -
Electrical and Industrial Compaay (SEIB) industrial un3t in Diourbel.
The oi1 mill's First stone was 1r~id by President Seaghor in 1978 and it hae re-
quired 8.5 billion CFA francs of investment, which has been provided thanks to an
internal company fund and a local financial credit as we11 as another credit from
the Central Fund for Ecanomic Cooperation.
Since the D~ourbel power statiaa even together with the Kaolack plant is not able
to supply enough power for rhe industrial complex, the developers have built a
thermo-electric power plant, which burns pearsut shells, intended to supply the ~
mill with electYical power. A well sunk 300 meters will supply the mill and the `
various service operations as well as the workers' housing development. A plant
_ will treat liquid waste which wii] be thrown into a fresh water lagoon the water
from which will be used in the immediate future for maket gardening.
While the old mill's grinding capacity was 50,000 tons a year of peanu;s in shells,
the new one's is 200,000 tons. This inerease in capacity will compensat~ for the
- shutdown of the Petersen oil mi11's operations which had a capacity of 150,000
tons. Yaya Kane, SEIB's president-director general , mentioned that this closing
has not entailed any ~ob loes since aIl 300 former Petersen employees have been
picked up by the new mill.
More~.~�er, in order to g~iard against bad harvesi�s such as this year's, the developers
have installed an additional assembly line for making oil out of sunflok~ers or soy-
be~ns. This has required an additional investment of 60G million CFA francs.
Apart from these installations, the plant includes sections for making and packaging
vinegar, w~?eritifs, and margarine. SEIB also makes bleach, toothpaste and perfume.
With xegard to cosmetics it ought to be pointed out that SEIB makes the entire
range of "1'Oreal" products. _
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In addition, a 300-unit worker housing development has been built at Dombe, 5 km
from Diourbel. The whole thing cost 1.6 billion CFA francs anc3 is provided T~*' ~t
all the necessary health care, cultural and social facilities. S~ the evera.tl
investment made by SEIB is 1G.7 billion CFA francs.
After theTnter-G engfneering firm, SEIB's engineering adviser for more than forty
years, had done studLes regarding this new plant and had played an active part in
the search �or financing, it was given the ~ob r~f building it on a"turnkey" basis.
At the opening of the Diourbel oil mill, President Abdou Diouf stated his desire
to maintain peanut growing in hia country in spite of the ma~or dr~ughts of the -
last f ew years .
According to Diouf, seed will be sown snd fertilizer and fungicides will be spread
- an time, before the next growing season which beg3ns next July. The chief of state
= expressed his desire to enhance the country's industrial development by on-site
- raw material processing, and to make the oil mill investments profitable by increas-
ing peanut production, and brin~ing their capacity up to 1 million tons. Peanuts
provide 50 percent of the i:lcame earned by Senegalese farmers. The oil mills will
only have 100,000 tons for grinding this year, mainly because of the drought.
COPYF.IGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981
9631 -
CSO: 4400/966 ~
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SENEGAL
BR:LEFS
FRANC~SENEGALESE RESEARCH COMMISSION--~Jn 19 March the seventh annual meeting of
the Joint Franco-Senegalese Couimission on Scientific and Technical Research was
held in Dakar. The delegatians were led by Michel de Bonnecorse, head of the
French aid mission, and Jacques Diouf, Senega].ese secretary of state for scientific ~
and technical research. The two parties made an assessment of scientific and
technical cooperation during 1980 and examined the ISRA [International Seabed Re- -
source AuthoriCy], ITA [Food Technalogy Institute] and University of Dakar programs.
Negotiations focused particularly on agricultural research and food technology, re-
_ newable energy sources, and bio-medical and pharmaceutical research. Technical
assistance and training of high Ievel scientific cadres was also looked into.
[Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRA~EENS in Frencli 27 Mar 8] ~ 836] 9631 ~
SMIG INCREASE--A S percent increase in the guaranteed minimum interoccupational
wage (SMIG) in Senegal's private sector, retroactive to l January, has been decreed ~
by the Senegalese Government. The SMIG thus rises from 133.81 CFA Fr per hour -
(23,193 CFA Fr per month) to 140,5 CFA Fr (24,352.86 CFA Fr per month). This
- decision is aimed at "sustaining the purchasing power of the workers." It comes `
1 year after the gen~ral 13 percent increase in wages decreed by the government.
The Senegalese civil service enjoyed a 7 percent wage increase last July. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TP.OPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 612] [COPYRIGHT: f
~ Rene Moreux et Cie. Paris 1981] 9516
BEI PETROLEUM EXPLORATION LOAN--The BEI [European Investme.nt Bank] has also
provided, from the total amount of risk capital reserved by the first Lome _
Convention far the financing of feasibility studies, a conditional loan of 400,000 _
counting units (99 million CFA Fr) to the Republic of Senegal to enable it to put
together the appropriate funding for a mixed company PETROSEN which will be `
responsible for the finaJ. stage of studies before the eventual exploitation of
the "Dome F1ore" light oil deposit off Casamance, as well as for oil exploration
work on land and in the maritime waters of the country. This work will also be
- co-financed by the World Bank. The accords concerning the BEI's latest loan to -
ICS [Chemical Industries of Senegal] and the oil loan were signed in Dakar ~n
27 February by Louis Alexandrenne, Senegalese minister for planning and coopera-
tion, and Yve~ ?~e Portz, president of the Europear. Investment Bank. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 6 Mar 81 p 613] -
[COPYRIGHT: Rene Mcreux et Cie. Paris 1981] 9516
CSO: 4400/912
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TANZANIA
BRIEFS -
FUEL RATIONING--On 19 March Edward Maokola-Majogo, Tanzania's deputy energy
minister, announced in Dar-es-Salaam that the sale of fuel for automobiles would
now be authorized only the first 3 days of the weeic. He added that official ve-
hicles, including those of ministers, would only receive 60 to 70 liters of gasoline
a week and that special permits to buy gas on restricted days would be cancelled.
The minister stated that as a result of these measures Tanzania will save 41
percent on its gasoline consumption and 15 percent on diesel fuel. He also announced
that a special committee had been set up tasked with taking csre of the energy prob-
lem a..nd which has been considering eGOnomy measures for taxis and tourist agencies
t,o implement as of 20 March. At its first meeting this committee noted that during
the f irst half of 1981 estimated petroleum imports amounted to a total value of
1.78 billion Tanzanian shillings (whereas the government only has 900 million
shillings available to pay for these imports) and that in 1981 annual petroleum
imports should amount to 3 billion shillings as compared with 240 million shillings -
in 1973. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET I~ITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81
p 850] 9631
CSO: 4400/967
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UGANDA
BRIEFS
OIL COMPANIES STOP DELIVERIES--The oil companies supplying Uganda have decided to
suspend their deliveries as long as the Kampala government has not paid at least
part of its debts to them, which amount to $50 milliony a representative of one
af these companies announced on 13 March in the Ugandan capital. Uganda's oil con-
swnption amounts to $3 million every week. In accordance with an agreement with '
the companies, the Ugandan Government should pay them this sum of $3 million every
week, which it has not done for 3 weeks, according to the same official. Gasoline
rationing was instituted in Uganda nearly 2 months ago. Each motorist is entitled
to 30 liters per week. But this restriction has not made it possible to supply
everyone and there are many lines ~.n front of service stations. [Text] [Paris
MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 20 Mar 81 p 795] 11915
CSO: 4400
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ZAI~IA
BRIEFS
COUNTIPJU:ING UNEASE IN UNIP--On 13 March President Kaunda accepted the resignation
of Wesley Nyirenda, Zambia's former minister of education who was a member of the
Central Committee on Zambia's only political party, UNIP, and chairman of the
Subcommittee on Nominations and Discipline. No reason was given for this resigna-
, tion. However, it is observed that there is persistent unease within the party's
leadership in spite of the reshufflings made by President Kaunda last February.
On 16 March UNIP's secretary general attacked the press and some of his assistants
tried to prevent an article from being printed in the TIMES OF ZAMBIA. This is a
, recent episade of the political tension which has been manifest in Zambia for
several months. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 27
Mar 81 p 850] 9631
i
REPOItTED NEW SOVIET MZLITARX AGREEMENT--~It would seem tfiat on~y s~:x a~.rcraft out
' of the 12 MIG-21 delivered to Zamb~a by the USSR and based at tiie international
, airport in Lusaka are operational at the present time. Tfiis ~report was given by
~ diplomatic sources in Lusaka, who also noted tfie conclusion tiy the ZJSSR and Zambia
I of a new agreement dealing w~tfi considerable militarp supplies. [Text] [Paris
; LE MONITEUR DE L'AERONAUTTQUE in French Apr 81 p 9]
PETROLEUM IMPORTS LOANS--On 9 Ma.rch t}.e Bank of Zambia signed a loan agreement in -
London with seven international banks involving 145 million kwacha to assis~ Zambia
in buying needed petroleum. The loan is for 1 year and the Lusaka Central Bank
will have to make regular payments to its creditors about every 100 da~ys. The bank
consortium granting the loan is headed by Bank of A~-nerica and includes Citibank, -
Standard Chartered B,.nk, Barclays Bank International, Chase Manhattan, Grindlays,
and the Bank of Credit and Commerce International Ltd. [Text] [Paris MARCHES
_ TROPICAUX ET MIDITERRANEENS in French 27 Mar 81 p 850] 9631
CSO: 4400/967 E~
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