JPRS ID: 9714 WORLDWIDE REPORT TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 25
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 10
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/971 ~
6 Nlay 1981
:
_ V1/orldwide Re ort . -
p .
TELECOMMUNICA,TIONS POIICY,
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- . (FOUO 6/81 ~
FBI$ FOREIGN ~ROADCAST INFQRMATION SERVICE
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[J are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
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_ last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
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JPR~ L f 9 714
6 May 19 81
WGRLDWIDE REPORT
- TELECOMMUNICATIONS POLICY, RESEARCH AND DEvELOPMENT
(FOUO 6/81)
CONTENTS
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
COMORO ISLANDS
Briefs
- Kuwaiti Telecommunications Aid 1
- WEST EUROPE
- IN'I'ERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Configuration of French, German Direct TV Satellites
- (Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 28 Mar 81) 2
Future of ~Yanco-German Direct Broadcast TV Viewed
- (Jean Legres; PROJET, Mar 81) 4
Briefs
Statcom International Created g
FRANCE
Teledetection Satellites Entering Market
_ (Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 21 riar 81) 10
~ 'Vizir' Laser Image Visualizers' Uperation Described
' (Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 21 Mar 81) 14
Operation of `opot' Teledetection System Detailed
(Pierre Langereux; AIR & COSMOS, 21 Mar 71) 16
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COMORO ISLANDS
BRIEFS
KUWAIT~I TELF.COMM[JNICATIONS AID--A Kuwaiti mission, visiting from 28 February to
7 March, negotiated and signed an agreement to ioan the Comoros one million Kuwaiti
dinars to help finance an interi and intra-link telecommunications pro3ect. The
contracft could go to Thomson-CSF wh ich is already working on the first phase of
, work financed by the EDF and BADEA. [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS
~ in French 17 Apr 81 p 1143]
CSO; 5500/5007
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
_ CONFIGU:,r~TION OF rRENCH, GERMAN DIRECT TV SATEI,LITES
_ P,aris AIR & COSMOS in French 28 Mar 81 pp 42, 45
~
_ [Article by Pierre Langereux]
~ [TextJ The conf iguration of the first Freach and German direct TV satellites to ~
be produced in cooperari~n by the French-German Eurosatellite concern is now def ini-
tely fixed. It has been decided that the two preoperational satellites TDF 1 -
(French) and TV-SAT (,German) will be identical, except for their antennas which
must obviously be adapted to the geographic configuration of each country and con-
_ form to international regulations (NT). This French-German program will result in
the launching of the two preoperational satellites with a 7-year life, on a geo- -
stationary orbit (19�W) in the middle and at the end of 1984. With this program,
it will be possible to acquire the experience necessary to develop an3 market this
type of satellite and to have available a heavy satellite adpated to export for
direct TV missians (12-18 GHz) or mixed telecommunications and televis3on missions.
The l.aunching of operational direct TV satellites for French and German needs could
be considered about 2 years after the launching of the preoperational satellites,
or toward the end of the decade (around 1987).
A Sophisticated Modular Satellite
= Tha f inal configuration of the French direct TV "TDF 1" satellite was presented for
- the first time by Mr Jean Georgy, an Engineer with "Telediffusion de France," (TDF) -
at the International Teleprocessing Meeting.
A modular cor.cept implementing five main modules was selected in order to make sub-
se~uent adaptation to other types of missions easier. These five modules are: the
~ antennas, telecommunications, service module, solar generatory and power plant. The
satellite will weigh a total of 940 Kg (without ergols), and about two tons at launch
with Ergols allowing a nominal life spa*~ of l years, and even 9 or 10 years. The "
" payload :aill weigh around 530 Kg, 115 c~f which will be for telecommunications
equipment and 415 for the antennas. The payload wi11 be redundant: the .five
channels will have six TOP's [progressive wave tubes] with three being used at any
one time.
The satellite will be built using the most modern technologies. The structure will
consist largely of composite materials (Nida and carbon fjber sandwich) alr~ady used _
b~ Aerospatiale Compan} in the "Intelsat 5" satellites. The rigid solar generator
, 2 ' ,
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(CSR) designed by the Aerospatiale company at Cannes will have a power of 3.1 kW
at end-of-life. It wi1Z be one of the most powerful solar generators ever produced.
The broadcast antenna will make use of multisource illumination with 9 ac:.~tve and
14 passive horns to satisfy the coveragP and polarizaiion conditions. The antenna
aiming device (SOFA) developped by the Aerospatiale company at Cannes will aI1t~M
aiming of the antennas with +.1�, whereas the body of the satellite will be stab-
ilized within + 4� only. The repeaters will use radiating collector TOP amplifiers. -
- Thermal regulation aill be obtained using caloducts. Also for the first time, the
- satellite will be equipped with a two-liquid power plant derived from the "Symphonie"
power plants. It will thus use the same ergols for the apogee maneuver (400 N
engine), and for the localization in its position (10 N engines), ~�Tith a resulting
saving of about 40 Kg as compared to tlie trac~itional system, which corresponds to _
a one and a half years additional lifespan. The concept will, however, have certain
limits according to Mr Georgy: ~ -
--Technological, due to the power of the TOP's and solar generator, and the weight
(capability of the launchers); `
--Operational due to the fact that the satellite wi1Z not be able to operate in
eclipse con~itions (about one hour for two months each year), which forces moving ~
the satellites west so that the interruption may take place at night (1 to 2 o'clock
in the morning); ~
--Regulational, due to the liunited 5-charnel capability and the coverage required by
the IUT (with possibility of exceptions).
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE "TDF 1" AND "TV-SAT" SATELLITES -
' Pre-Operational Operational
SATELLITES
TDF-1 TV-SAT TDF-1 TV-SAT
Number of active channels 3 3 5 5
Radiated power (dbW) 6+ 65.5 6~+ 65.5
Broadcasting power (W) 220 250 250 250
Solar generator power (W) 3100 3100 4600 4600
Total satellite weight (T) 2 2 2.4 2.4
Launcher Ariane 2 Ariane 3
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1981
6445
CSO: 5500/2179
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
_ FUTURE OF FRANCO-GERMAN DIRECT BROA.DCAST TV VIEWID
Paris PROJET in French Mar 81 pp 346-351
[.Article by Jean Legres: "Direct Broadc~st Satellites"~
[Excerpts] Where will the Franco-German project for building
two direct broadcast satellites (r~dio-television) lead? Jean
Legres anaZyzes the politi~al problem:s posed in particular. ~
- The use of satellites to broadcast television programs is already relatively old,
since it dates back to the early sixties.
The initial concept, in tl?e United States, wa~ to combine satellite and cable
_ facilities to operate special pay-television networks.
However, these systems are still relatively difficult to launch, even if their
operating costs have dimir~ished significantly~. Technical experts have long sought
to build systems that w~uld make it possi~le to do without ground relays.
Direct broadcast satel?.ites are operational today and projects are being studied;
the most advanced is th~ Franco-German satQllite.
The Franco-German Project
On the basis of an agreement concluded in April 1980, France and the FRG decided
~ to jointly produce two 3-ch3nnel satellites, one for each country. Their launching,
using :the Ariane rocket, could take place in late 1983 or early 1984. The life
- of sthe first satellites would be 7 years. It is hoped that greater longevity
_ (~9 years) and a larger capacity (5 channels) will eventually be possible.
Each of :these sate~.Iites will serve the ellipses respectively assigned to each
country by the Geneva Conference. France, due to its favorable geographic position,
has an ellipse covering a very vast area that includes, in addition to national
terri.tory, the north of Italy and Spain, the Benelux cc~untries, Switzerland, a part
of�Great Britain and the FRG, or about 100 million poten~ial te levisior. viewers.
_ This project will be relatively expensive: in the case of France alone and for
a~i5-year period, it will entail a total investment of more than 2 billion f rancs.
The annual operating cost ot the system, which will be managed by the French
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Broadcasr.ing System [TDF],'~ is also estimated at 35 million francs. Finally, to
receive the signals, ir~dividuals will have to equip their sets with a special an-
tenna whose approximate cost should be between 2,000 and 3,000 francs. In the case
of a group antenna serving an entire building, the cost per household would be
Uetween 200 and 300 francs.
Other countries are also thinking of using direct broadcast sate~lites at a later
date. Such is the case of Luxembourg in particular. The Luxembourg Television
- Company has been studying a 3-channel satellite that could be launched b} 1985
and whose total cost would amount to $200 milli~n. The Scandinavian countries,
Japan and the United States also have pro~ects that could be completed between 1986
_ and 1990. Thus in the large family of communications satellites which are today
used mainly to transmit telephone messages and computer data, direct broadcast
satellites would occupy a growing position by providing users wi.th a wide range
of radio and television programs.
' in brief, this is the state of the art of this new communications technology. This
is also the stage of consideration at which those who are to reveal these projects
- to the public, whether they are members of a government or journalists, too often
become bogged down.
A Long List of C~uestions
~ But looking further into the matter, it becomes apparent that direct broadcast
satellites constitute a complex venture whose consequences may turn out to be
important, even though they are partly unpredictable. In this connection, many
questions should be asked: for the time being, they may go unanswered, since com-
munications law and sociology have lagged behind technological innovation.
- The first questior. concerns the inescapable character of this techn~logy. Since
~ France has li.mited resources and must determine its i.ndustrial policy through
difficult negotiations, did it have to get involved in a rather costly venture whose
immediate goal is to duplicate a television system xhat already operates perfectly?
The project's defenders justify this by pointing to certain inadequacies of the
latter system, which does not make .it possible to provide television service to
the entire population, due to the existence of shadaw regions. If we want to serve,
using conventional means, the 400,000 to 500,000 French people who are still deprived _
of one cinannel or another, considerable investments are required over a 10- to .l5-year
period. Since we cannot think of depriving some of our fellow citizens of the publi~ '
television service, increasing the number ~f repF~ater stations would appear to be a
solution that is both inevitable and very expensive. The satellite will enable
the French Broadcasting System's executives to g;et around this dilemma, since it
will immediately cover all national territory wl~ile assuring each viewer of optimum
_ recE~tion.
It is obvious, however, that the French Governme~nt had other considerations in making
~his choice. The Ministry of Industr;~ in fact b~came convinced that the direct -
*Public establishment in charge of networks provid~ing microwave broadcasting of
the three television channels and of Radio France.~.
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broadcast satellite is, as they say in the jargon of specialists, "a good spot."
- In the next 20 years, many couatries plan to have national television programs for
educational purp~ses: scholastic broadcasts, cultural, social and economic reports,
_ etc. The cost of broadcasting such programs via microwaves, using a complete net-
work of ground transmitters, would be prohibitfve for very large countries with
limited financial resources, such as India, China, Brazil and Nigeria. The satellite
could be a practical and economic method for them as well as for certain parts of
Europe, such as Scandinavia. According to experts, there is a large potential market
and the Frencn and Germans have a chance to snatch it away from American and Japanese
competition. To obtain credibility among their future customers, however, they
must first try out these satellites in their own countries, thus the decisions made
this year by Paris and Bonn. -
J If industrial policy g~als were absolutely decisive in the case of France's decision, _
_ ather reasons also persuaded the FRG to get involved: there is the possibility
of that country covering, due to the position of its eliipse, part of central F,urope
and the GDR in particular.
_ Once the project was definite, French public authorities began to be concerned with
the content of the programs which the satellite will send over its three channels.
It has already been decided that two of the channels will rebroadcast TF 1 and
Antenne 2, which will make it possible to elimina~:e the notorious shadow regions.
On the other hand, FR 3 cannot use the satellite because of the regional nature
of some of its broadcasts. A use for the third channel must still be found. The
government has not yet madz its decision; it still has time, since the system will
not go into operation beforp 1984 at the earliest, but the choice will be extremely
delicate. France does not have the same political motivations as the FRG, which
is concerned with its influence in Ea~tern Europe, and the need for a fourth channel -
is hardly felt in our country. However, for the satellite to be a success capable
of being exported, it must not just revolve in the sky; it must also be favorably
received by the French puhlic. Since rebroadcasting the .first two channels will
- not be enough to encourage users to purchase a rather expensive antenna, a sufficient-
ly attractive, additional television programming schedule should be devised so that
households will quickly install it. TDF currently estimates that 5.2 million house-
_ holds could be receiving the satellite's broadcasts by 1990 and 11.1 million house-
holds by 1995. Those are ambitious gaals, even considering the development of cable
networks, which will rebroadcast these programs via satellite relays.
The easy solution would be to design a"general public" network on the basis of
films, series, variety and game shows, with financi~~Zg provided by advertising. In
. this hypothetical situation, success would be almost certain, but at the cost of
fearful effects on the other media, whose current balance is delicate. The three
broacicasting companies would be forced to lower their standards to withstand compe-
, titfon and to retain their audience; the written press in turn would lose vital
advertising revenues.
Public authorities must also consider the European a:;pect of this future network.
It would be received by all our neighbors and language wi11 not represent an obstacle t
- to its distribution, of course, since it is technically possible to have two sound
tracks with the same picture: French-German or French-English, for example. We
might wonder how other European countries would react to this cultural intrusion.
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International broadcasting also raises many complex legal problems concerning
royalties, advertising ethics and film legislation. It is true that France will
in turn be bombarded with foreign programs, those from the FRG initially and then
later from Luxembourg television. It will therefore be necessary to quickly
establ h European regulation of television to prevent pirating, embezzlement and
plugging of products. Unfortunately, no serious negotiations in this connection
have yet ~egun in Brussels, even though time is pressing.
TPiis list of questions shows that, in the present situation, we should be eoually
wary of tiie euphoria of technlcal experts and of the apocalyptic fears of certain
- politicians and sociologists who readily predict that within 5 years clouds of
satellites will bombard the screens of French television viewers with R�ssian,
Chi.nese and American programs! It is much more realistic to note that the direct
broadcast satellite is a bold and expensive gamble by France and the FRG in an
effort to assure the future of their space industries. There is no certainty,
however, that developing countries will agree to purchase this type of satellite
_ or that European television viewers, who already have an abundance of programs,
are waiting to quickly install equipment to pick up the satellites. The results
of this vast operation cannot be assessed foX 20 years and its success is by no
means certain.
6Jhat K_ind oF Public Television?
On the other hand, it is not pointless to begin now to consider in detail this
matter, which inclucea and epitomizes all the problems and contradictions of the
world of communicaticns.
First of all, the gap ;~etween technologies and products is growing. The kinds of
communications equipmezt, the fruit of an inventive and dynamic technology, are -
on the rise. Satellites, c:ptical fibers and video recorders will be combined to
form diversified televi.sion systems. However, we are not witnessing a parallel
advancement in program;~, which are still appealing to the same markets and to the
same mentalities. The proliferaton of audiovisual media may lead to moxe repetition
than creativity. This observation puts into proper perspective the current quiet
but intense debate as 1:o who will be in charge of managing the new television network
l~r~adcast ~y satellite, Whether this system is assigned to a private company such
~ as RTL [expansion unkn~~wn] or to a public agency such as SOFIRAD [expansion unknown],
the difference may wel.l be hardly noticeable to television viewers. However, it
should not be impossibie to reconcile the requirements of its establishment, public
service needs and tne desires of users.
It also apoears thar I'rance can no longer entirely regulate its television operations -
in a strictly national framework. It is also not one of the least paradoxes of
the present situation to note that the United States, where a broadcasting monopoly
has never existed, is shielded a gainst outside interference as a result of its geo-
graphic size, whereas European countries are too small to escape such interference. _
Thus to give one of many examples, French regulation of movies will be seriously
threatened. Limiting the number of films broadcast over the three French channels
wi13. no longer m.ake a lot of sense when viewers will be able to watch films broadcast
by German and Luxembourg television in a French-language version.
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The impending use of dir~ct broadcast satellit~s makes it ess~ntial to establish
regulations for a European public television service.
GOPYRIGAT: CERAS, 15 Rue R. Marcheron, 92.170 Vanves, 1981
119I5 -
CSO: 5500
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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
BRIEFS
STATCOM INTEtZNATIONAL CREATID--On 25 Marcr, 1981, the French company Matra and the
~ British Aerospace Dynamics Group announced the creation of a common sr~bsidiary,
Statcom International, to market national or reg~anal telecommunications satellites
derived from the OTS, ECS, and Telecom 1 satellites. Satcom International, a com- -
pany registered in France and Great Britaiin, will tender its f irst offer Lo the _
Qverseas Teleco~mmunications Commission for the Australian telecommunications
sa*_ellites proj ect "Australisat" whose cost has been estimated at 1 billion francs.
Matra and BADG have been work3ng together for the last 15 years and have partici-
pated in 32 satellite programs, 15 of them as prime contractor, primarily within
- the scope af the european industrial consortiwn MESH which produced the ESA tel~-
communications satellites OTS, ECS, and MARECS. [Text] [Paris AIR & COSMOS in
French 28 Mar 81 p 45] 6445
CSO: 5500/2179
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FRANCE -
- TELEDETECTION SATELLITES ENTERING PdARKET
- Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 21 Mar 81 pp 45-46
~Article by Pie1re Lan_yereux~ -
~Text~ The SEP ~Europ~an Propellant Company~, a sgecialist in liquid-fueled
propulsion (Ariane rocket) and solid-fueled propulsion (MSBS and SSBS ballistic
_ missiles), has for s?veral years also exploited its expertise in other space
technology sectors (satellite launching, space imaging) and industries (solar
energy, machine tools, composite materials, etc.). ~
o -
Thus, in particular, SEP has established its name in the domain of space ~elede-
tection and earth observatian.
SEP has alreacy sold, throughout the world, 14 "Vizir" systems for ~roducing
meteorology or teledetection satelli~e images. It has just been chosen by the
CNES CNational Center for Space Studies~ as prime contractor for the earth-imaging
segment of the SPOT [Earth Observation Prob~ System]. It is also sharing in the
= build ing of the SPOT satellite and in the srudy of th e future French military
_ reconnaissance satellite SAMROS [expansion t~nknownJ.
From the 'Vizir'.,, -
Heir to the space optics and airborne teledetection activities of the LRBA ~Bal-
= listic and Aerodynamic Research Laboratory~, SEP developed an expertise in the
fields of laser beam modulation and "magnetic-bushing" suspensions, enabling it,
in early 1973, to deveLop the ~~Vizir~~ image visualizer.
This achievement, the only one of i~ts kind in the world at this time, was origin- ~
ally brought out in response to the needs of our national meteorolbgical services
for equipment capable of producing fast and sharply defined earth images taken by
the new geostationary meteorological satellites--the American GEOS, followed
by the European Meteosat satelli~es--data from which is received at the Lannion
(Brittainy) CMS CSpace Technology Center~.
" The Vizir then embarked on a dual career, one in meteorology and the other in its
new application, which was space teledetection. It was equally successful in both,
having sold ha~f its production to meteorological services and the other half to
teledetection services, in France and abroad.
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'Phe Vizir system, associated with a minicalculator and a satellite signals receiv-
ing s~stem, brought forth the STARI5 ~expansion unknown~ space meteorological
data receiving and processing station, the first of which was installed at the
L~nnion CMS in 1974. -
Other st3tions were th.en built together with Dornier (Germany and with the INPE
(Brazil) ~(Brazilian) National Space Research Institute~ for the reception and _
processing of images from the GEOS and Meteosat geostationary meteorological =
satell~tes.
I'or the last 5 years, SEP has also been worici~?g together with the EURATOM ~Euro-
~ean Atomic Energy Commission~ and the IFP ~French Petro~eum Institute~, this
time on the appl.ication of the Vizir to the processing of earth images taken by -
teledetection satellites. This work has enabled SEP to broaden its expertise
in the new and important field of space teledetection. Specifi~ally, SEP has just~
completed the installation, at the EURATOM center in Ispra (Italy), of a Vizi.r
= associated with a minicalculator and with interactive image-exploitation consoles, -
to obtain high-definition color images directly.
...']'a the 'SPOT' System
But abo~~e all, SEP has just succeeded in culminating its efforts with the obten-
tion of the prime contract for the earth-imagir,g segment of the SPdT system, which
has just been awarded to it by the CNES after 2 years of industrial competition
against Thomson-CSF and Matra.
- SEP has prime responsibility for the building the SRIS ~Space Image Receiving Sta-
tion] and the CRIS [Space Image Rectification Center), whictt provide the ir.terface
between the SPOT satellite and the future SPOT-Image Company for the distribution
of data to the users.
The SPOT system's French station will thus be able to receive images from the new :
American "Landsat D" teledetection satellites. The SPOT station is in fact
equipped far the new receiving standards of the future French or American tele-
detection satellites using Band X(8 GHz) instead of Band S(2 GHz) with high bit
- rates: 48 Mbits/sec for SPOT and 85 Mbits/sec for Landsat D, ir~ plaae of the Z5-
_ P4bits/sec rate used with current satellites.
- A market study made in 1979 at the request of the CNES found interest in a telede-
tection station capable of receiving both very-high-r~esc~lution (10 m) panchromatic
a.mages from the French SPOT satellite--which will have no competitors at the time -
_ --and the multispectral images from the Amerfcan Landsa~t D satellite. Inasmuch as -
the Landsat D satellite will be launched between the end of 1982 and the beginning
of 198?- that is, before the SPOT 1 satellite (May 1984), the modular design of _
the st_~,-.ion will permit users to equip it first to receive Landsat D, while pre-
paring to also receive SPOT l.ater. Users will also be able to in~tall further
variants to their French equipment if desired.
- 11
~ FOR OFFICIAL� USE ONLY _
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014410-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
This station als~ inclucies an interactive processing system downstream enabling
highly precise geome~ric corrections of the preprocessed images, by means of
charted "bench marks" (distinctly ~~isible landmarks). There are also absolutely
essential softwares for the analysis and manipulation of mono and multispectr8l
images (classification). The system is thus the basic module of a modern center
for the expl~itation of space images.
_ This SPOT station is therefore, ira fact, the prototype of the French teledetec-
tion station for export. Furthermore, SEP has obtained a 2.5-million-franc
contract from the COFACE ~French Fore~gn Trade Insurance Company~ for a market
study, and aid from the DREE CForeign T:;conomic Relations Directorate~ for a sus-
tained marketing effort for the French export station.
SEP thus possesses the complete system for receiving and preprocessing teledetec-
_ tion images (SRIS station and CRIu center), as well as the key component of the
imaging system (Vizir visualizer).
These credentials qualify SEP to meet foreign competit~~.on in today's world market
f_or space teledetection image reception and processing :;tations.
Several builders--Canada's MDA ~expansion unknown~ and three American companies:
General Electric, Ford aerospace and TRW Systems--are in fact already in place in
the market, and other~ are preparing to enter it, notably, Japan's DIEC ~Nippon
Eler.tric Company~ and Mitsubishi.
A Fast Growing Market
'"his desire to expc~rt is going to demand a substantial financial effort by SEP and
its industrial partners, as the viability of Frar~ce's operation in this field will
~ require the design of other stations, according to a recent statement by SEP
President Pierre Soufflet.
But the outlook appears promising. According to the market studies made in 1978-
1979 by the Ameri~an company Metrics and the Swiss company Eurosat SA, the
= tele~7etection market is in the tull process of expansion: The world market during
the 1980's is estima~ed at $1.6 billion (ar~und 8 billion francs) with an annual
growth rate of 15-20 percent--which recalls that of space teiec~mmunicationsl It
also appears that most of the expected growth is in the area of digital processing
of images (hardware and so�tware), the market among the more developed countries
being the largest in volume, but that oi the developing countries expected to
grow rapidly.
A more recent SEP study finds that the market appears to be apening up faster than
forecast, as countries recognize that teledetection is an instrument for economic
develapment (harvest forecasts, dete.^,tion of gEOlogical and mining resources,'
etc.), as has been shown by the examples of Brazil and Bangladesh, to which SEP
has just sold Landsat D-SPOT tele~etection center.s.
- 12
- FOR OFI~
[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014410-5
~OR OFFICIAI. USE ONLY
The marlcet for space teledetection centers and stations should therefore be
revised upwards, to around 1 billion francs (1980 prices).
Under these conditions, SEP's objective is to attain a gross revenue of the order
of 100 million francs beginning in 1985 in this market, which is estimated to be
' around 25-30 stations throughc~ut the wor3:d.
'Vizir' Visualizers Sold by SEP
(a/o March 1981)
For Start of
_ Organization Locaticn Country Eq~ipment Satell.ite Service
E ui ment in service:
CEMS Lannion France 1 Vizir black GEOS 1974
CEMS Lannion France 1 Vizir black Meteosat 1975
~ IFP Rueil-Malmaison France 1 Vizir black Landsat 1975
EURFITOM Ispra Italy 1 Vizir black Landsat 1977
EURI~TOM Ispra Italy 1 Vizir color Landsat 1979
ESA/ESOC Darmstadt FI2G 1 Vizir black Meteosat 1976
_ Rovsing Darmstadt FRG 1 Vizir blacic Met~eosat 1977
Met~orology FRG 1 Vizir blac Meteosat 1978
ISRO Ahmedabad India 1 Vizir black Landsat +
Meteosat 1976
"iNPE Cachoera-Paulista Brazil 1 Vizir black GEOS 1978
- ~coles Mines Sophia-Antipolis France 1 Vizir black Landsat 1978.
Equipment to be delivered:
CNES Toulouse France 1 Vizir black SPOT +
Landsat D 1983
- CNES Toulouse France 1 Vizir color SPOT +
- Landsat D 1983
SPARRSO Dacca Bangladesh 1 Vizir black Landsat D
+ SPOT 1983
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1981
9399
CS~: 5500/2162
13
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014410-5
_ FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
FI~ANCE
~M1`
f
'1FIZ~IR' LASER IMAGE VYSUALIZERS' OPERATI~IN DESCRl'BED
, Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 21 Mar 81 pp 46,49
~~~?rticle by Pierre Langereux~
~Text~ The SEP's ~European Propellant Company~ "Vizir" laser image visuali~ers
- make it possible to reproduce, in real time and with a very high ~legree of sharp-
ness, tne images photographed by earth-observation satellites. Vizirs are
currently in use in France and abroad to reproduce images taken by polar (Tiros N) _
and geostationary (SMS/GEOS, GMS and Meteosat) meteorological satellites, as wel~ -
as for the reproduction of images taken by teledetection satellites (Landsat and, -
shortly, SPOT).
_ SEP has developed this equipment in two versions: the conventional Vizir for the
reproduction of images in black and white, and the Vizircolor for the reproduction
= of images in color. The Vizircolor is a worldwide exclusivit~ of SEP.
The Vi2ir reconstitutes imag~s in large format (480 x480mm), and of exceptional
- -geometric quality (38,000 points and 38,000 lines) and optical quality (64 density ~
levels on f~ilm or 3~ levels per color), thus enabling high-definition interpreta-
� tions and highly aqcurate reproductions. The image can even be enhanced according
_ to the user's needs (sectorialization, enlargement, increase of contrast, coloring
treatments, etc.) through its minicalculator (with a 16 or 64 K word memory), which
pilots the visualizer's electrical-optical operational sequence. The calculator
also enables the combining of several images on a single film (up to four 240 x 240-
mm images in four wavelengths), the superposing of geographical contours or
1aLitnde%~.angitude grids, or the applying of specialized digital treatments. -
The operating principle of the Vizix is relatively simple. The image is reconsti-
tuted l~ne by line by means of a laser beam, whose spot sweeps a sensitive film
- ~mounted on a clrum that rotates at high speed. But the exceptional characteristics
of the Vizir are essentially owing to two features de=:~eloped by SEP: th~ film drum
is mounted on a suspension consisting of active magnetic "bushings" (five axes) _
which eliminate all vibration even at high speeds (20 rps); and the luminous .
- intensity o� ~he laser beam that strikes the film is modulated by a photometric
control loop, enabling the processing of up to 300,000 points per second.
' 14
_ FOR OFIFICIA~, US~ ONY.Y
;
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
.
The Vizircolor includes the same components as the conventional Vizir, and in _
particular, its continuous-wave (He-Ne) red-source laser, to which are added two
otl:er (Argon) green-source and blue-source lasers, with their corresponding
- optiical channels and modulators. This equipr~lent thus enables the obtention of ~
color composition directly on the film, in a single reconstitution, by the simul-
taneous application of the three laser beams in combination.
The ~ata recorded on magnetic tape are line-multiplexed and converted into analogue
signals to to command the laser beam modulators. Each of these beams is split
by a lamina: part of the luminous energy is directed to the photometric control
cell of the laser beam concerned, while the other part (reflected) is focused and
mixed with the ather laser beams. A single spot is thus formed, which sweeps the
color film consisting of three layers sensitive to the different wavelengths of
the lasers.
Vizir and Vizi~ccolor Perfocmance Characteristics
Vizir P-lonochrome Vizircolor
~ ~
Qptical density Adjustable fron~ 0.1 to 2 Adjustable from 0.3 to 2.,8
Optical density level 64 levels of gray 3Z levels per color ~
Spot minimum diameter 12.5 microns _ 25 microns
Accuracy of inscription 1/5 pixel 1/2 pixel
Geometric accuracy � 5 microns � IO microns
standard 1 image 405 x 405 mm or 4 images 202 x 202 mm -
Image format:
optional 1 image 480 x 480 mm or 4 images 240 x 240 mm .
Image production rate 30 Landsat 1/1,000,000 scenes per hour black
and white or color
COPYRIGHT: A. & C. 1981
9399
CSO: 5500/2162
15
' FOR 4FFICIAL US1E ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-00850R040440010010-5
I
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
_ � _
FRANCE
OPERATION OF 'SPOT' TELEDETECTION SYSTEM DETAILED
Paris AIR & COSMOS in French 21 Mar 81 pp 50-52 ~
EF~rticle by Pierre Langereux~ ~
~Text~ On April 21 1980, the CNES ~National Center for Space Studies~ awarded t~ ~
the SEP ~European Propellant Company~ the prime con~ract for the "SPOT" ~Earth
- Observation Probe System~ teledetecti~n system's earth-to-image" seg~nent. These
= image reception and preprocessing facilities are schedulEd to be put in service at
Toulouse in early 1983. They wi.ll enable the reception in France, first, of _
images from the new American teledetection satellite "Landsat D," which is to be
launched between the end of 1982 and the beginning of 1983, anu then images from _
the first French teledetection satellite SPC1T 1, which is to be placed in orbit
_ in April 1984.
, The SPOT system will consist of three main elements: the space segment, which will
take the images; the earth seg~nent, which will provide the image-acquisition and
- satellite control functions; and the SPOT-Image Company, which will distribute the
- data to French an~ f~reign users (see AIR & COSMOS no. 850).
Initially, the ~pace segment tvill consist of the first SP;m 1 satellite, the
building of which was decided in 1977 and oontracted for with the Matra Company
~Enc~ins Matra S..A.~ by the CNES. Thp satellite, gravitating in a polar orbit at
an altitude oE 832 km, will be equipped with two identical (HRV) opticai instru-
ments operating in the visual and near-infrared range (0.5 to 0.9 microns, but
wi:t,h a degree o� resolutiot~ of earth details (10 m) never before attained in a
civilian observation sa.tellite. SPOT will thus make possible a considerable
~ expansipn of the field of civilian applications for space teledetection: geologi-
cal: and mining prospection, land management, urbanization, surveillance of
pollution, etc. But above all, according to the CNES, the SPOT system will be
especially suited to applications of the conventional and thematic cartography
ty,p,e, as well as photo znterpretation, owing to its unique stereoscopic capabili-
ties.
16 -
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014410-5
FOR OFFIC[AL USE ONLY
~
~ Earth-to-Image Segment
The system's earth segment, which provides the interface between the satellite
and its users, will consist essentially of two main elements: the SCCM ~Contrdl _
and Mission Center Segment~, installer3 at Toulouse and consisting of the mission =
center, the system's operational brair. center, and a satellite control station '
(telemetering~ tracking an3 remote control); and the SSI ~Earth-to-Ir~age Se3me~t~, -
which in turn consists of two distinct elemer,ts:
--the SRIS ~Space-Image keceiving Station~, which receives ~che images from the =
SPOT and /or Landsat L~ satellites. This station, installed at Aussaguel, near
~ Toulouse, wi].1 receive and record on magnetic tape the image3 transmitted by the
satallite i.n digit�1 fo:m on Band X; and
--the CRIS CSp~~ce-Image Rectification Center~ at Toulouse, which will receive the
raw data recor~9ed by the SRIS and will file them (on high-c3ensity magnetic tapes
. (HDDT)), visualize them rapidly ~on 70 mm film), and preprocess them in accordance
with different levels of radiometric arid geometric quality (processing levels 0
� to 3). The CRTS will also issue the preprocessed data on data mediums and in ~
formats directly exploitable by the users (computer-compatible magnetic tapes or -
disks (CCT)) and photographic film (216 or 241 mm). These standardized data will
be cempatible with the products currently being provided b~ the American center
- for the processing of Landsat data a.n the United States (EROS Data Center). "
As r~gards the overall SPOT earth-to-image segment, SEP is responsib].e for its
- design, engineering and integration of ~omponent equipments. SEP is also the
prime contractor for the informatics project and for the image-processing soft-
ware, and of course it supplies the system's high-performance Vizir visualizers.
SEP's subcontractors are: for the SRIS station, the French firms Starec and CSEE
~ ~Signals and Enterprise Company~ (antenna) and.Intertechnique (antenna test -
equipment), and the Belgian company Bell Telephone NLfg (demodulation equipment
and arror-signal receivers); and for the CRIS center, the French firms CIMSA ~ex-
pansion unknown~ (Solar 16/75 calculator), Schlumberger-Enertec (high-density
recorders and high-density tape reading system) and SESA ~expan~ion unknown~ _
(software).
The overall market for the SPOT earth-to-image segment thus totals over lOQ mil-
lion francs; this includes the 85-million-franc contract awarded to SEP and a
contract of around 20 million francs in which the IGN ~National Geographic Insti- ~
- tute~ will share substantially as regards the design and the software for fx.ne
correction of the images.
_ ~
Image-Productian Operations
~
The SPOT system's image-production operations will be placed under the control of
the Toulouse SCCM mission center. Every 26 days, the SCCM will send to the CRIS
_ an advance schedule of the proposed medium-term satellite data acquisition pro-
graming; in return, the SCCM will be kept informed at all times as to the avail-
ability of the earth-to-image facilities and as to any and all operational
irregularities discovered during processing of the data.
17
FOR OFFICIbL USE ON]LY `
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/48: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400014410-5
FOR O~'FICIAL USE UNLY
- Exchanges between the CRIS center and the SRIS station will be limited to HDDT
� magnetic tapes. The CRIS wi.ll supply to the 5RIS the tzlank tapes (type~.Ampex 799)
in a^_cordance with the advance satellite programing schedules. It will receive
in return, morning and evening, all the HDDT tapes concerning the data rerorded
during the satellite passes.
Each HDDT tape will contain only the data relativ~ to a single satellite pass.
- Landsat D tapes will contain the video from the "Thematic Mapper" instrument or
from the multispectral scanner, whereas the SPOT tapes will record the video from
the HRV ir?struments in both its aperating modes, multispectral and panchromatic.
The contents of these HDDT tapes will be monitored by means of a fast visualiza-
= Eion--generated on Iow-resolution 70-mm photographic films--to provide ~n estimate
_ of quality of take, acquisition and recording.
The HDDT tapes will then be f.iled a~,~d a catalag of the recorded images built~
This catalog and its updates will be forwarded to all interested users, so that
_ they can thus order the shots they require at such and such a level of processing.
The image data transmitted to the CRIS will be "cut up" into geographical sections
60 km long (by 60-80 km wide depending upon the angle at which taken) in accord-
ance with a predetermined grid system coverinq the terrestrial surface.
These data wi.ll be subjected to various treatments: radiometric corrections
taking intn account the calibrations and peculiarities of the detectors, the
optics and the telemetery involved, and geometracal corrections taking into
account t:~e conditions under which the shot was taken (viewing ar:glp, relative -
motion of the earth and/or of the satell.ite): Other corrections may then ~.lso be -
applied, such as atmosphexic corrections, dynamic mddifications, etc.. -
Thus, the CRIS will supply SPOT and Landsat D images at different processing
levels:
- --Level 0{unnormalized): a simple uncorrected duplicate of the raw images re-
. ceived by the SRIS station on CCT magnetic tape with 70-mm monitor film;
--Level 1: radiometric and geographical corrections not taking into account `
terrestrial reference poin*s or corrections for satellite altitude. Level lA
will provide ~equalization of th2 satellite detectors (relative calibration in
each spectral band) with the possibility of interband and absolute calibrations
for further processings. Level 1B will add geometrical corrections to the _
foregoing ones, taking into account the earth's rotation and curvature, the view-
ing angle, and the twisting eftect proc]uced by the rapid displacement of the
satellite;
--Level 2: bidirectional corrections to readjust the images with ref~rence to
geodesic pc~ints (terrestrial reference points at known geoqraphiaal coordinates),
enabling the images to be superposed among themselves or over a map;
18
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5
~
~ FOR OFF[C[AL USE ONLY
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19
FOR OFFIC~AL USE ONLY�
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPR~VED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5
FOR OFF[CIAL USE ONLY
--Level 3: corrections requiring a digital model of the terrain to eliminate the
effects of parallax, applied to images taken from any viewing angle (orthophoto-
gr~phic products).
_ Ta grovide the production levels desired, the CRIS center will have to operate
16 hours a day, 7 days a week, withoixt interruption, all year round. Two shifts
wi11 alternate continuously and the architectural makeup of the center will be
redundant to ensure a high degree of availability.
`rhe CRIS filing capacity will be 800 SPOT shots a day an8 80 Landsat D shots a -
- day. The HDDT tapes containing the raw data will remain filzd for 10 years.
The average production rate of preprocessed ~T~e~~l 1) SPOT or Landsat D shots will
be 35 shots per day; the center's maatimum wiYl be 50 shots per day. It will thus
be possible to visualize and forward to clients 80 percent of all orders within
24 hours in the case of standard (Level 1) treatment, and within 1 week in the
- case of data subjected to special treatment (Level 2 or 3).
The CRIS's nonconfidential production--SPOT and/or Landsat D images--will be
- supplied integrally to the users, once a day, on CCT magnetic tapes, together with _
a 216-mm low-resolution nonitor film and, for SPOT, also with a 241-mm, high-
resolution film produced by the Vizir visualizer. Only those images ordered will
be preprocessed, corrected and issued on films or tapes. The CRIS can also supply _
upon request raw images on CCT tapes with 70-mm monitor film.
'Phe SCCM mission center will be the only one aukhorized to order work from the
CRIS for the account of the SPOT-Image Company, which will provide the interface -
between the 5POT system and the users.
SPOT-Image
� The SPOT-Image Company is scheduled to be formed between the end of 1981 and the
beqinning of 1982, to prepare the installation of the SPOT data marketing network.
This network will serve an extremely diversified clientele. It will extend
throughout France and abroad, with agents, sales offices and marketing subsidiar-
ies established everywhere and equippec7 with facilities tor remote accessing of -
- the SPOT system data general catalog. Specific planning calls for the creation
- in the United States o� a subsidiary having three main sales headquarters
distributed throughout the country.
The market studies made by the CNES and the CFCE ~French Foreign Trade Center~,
and by the American company, the Earthsat Corporation.for the CNES, disclose, in
fact, a substantial potential SPOT data market in the~United States and in Europe -
(one third of the market in each regionj. Potential ussrs are distributed among
various economic sectors: agriculture (30 percent), cartography and thematic
topography (30 percent), mining and oil prospection (20 percent) and water and
forestry management (20 percent).
21
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000400014410-5
FOR O~r F'lCIA,~. USE ONLY
The 5P0'P-Image Company to market SPOT satellite data may take the form of a
cotporation (capital of at least 20 million francs) heading up the CNES, the
i~terested industrial firms (such as SEP, Matra, AEROSPATIALE, etc.) and the prin-
Cipal French organizations engaged in space teledetection, such as the IGN, the
~FP, the BRGM ~Bureau of Geological and Mining Exploration~, and the BDPA ~Agri-
cultura2 Producbion Development Bureau], members of the CDTA ~Group for the
Development of l~erospace Teledetection~.
EOPYRIGHT: A. ~i C. 1981
9399
CSO: 5500 END
,
- 22
a FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000400010010-5